【无良原创翻译】英国《金融时报》：在危险区域捕捞的中 ...

Chinese boats fish in dangerous waters

其实这个标题是个双关语，不仅是指中国渔船，还有国家政策等

By Kathrin Hille in Hainan
Kathrin Hille从海南报道

http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/edb1af28-877d-11e1-865d-00144feab49a.html#axzz1t2Cq50cT


As Wang Chang tidies his boat on the southern Chinese island of Hainan, it could not be more peaceful. The 31-year-old fisherman has just sold his catch and the deck is drying in the afternoon sun.

王先生正在把他的渔船停靠在海南岛上，这个事情看起来没什么大不了。31岁的渔民正在晒船和刚刚把捕捞收获卖掉。

But Mr Wang is plying a dangerous trade. Like 130 other fishing boats in Tanmen, a port on Hainan’s east coast, his dilapidated 90-tonne wooden vessel – the Qiong Qionghai 02093 – specialises in fishing in the Spratly Islands.

但王先生实际正在进行一项危险的活动，就像其他130条在海南东岸潭门的渔船，破烂的90吨木质渔船琼琼海02093，专业在南海捞鱼。

The archipelago, a three-day voyage from Tanmen, has become one of the main flashpoints where China and its south-east Asian neighbours clash over rival territorial claims in the South China Sea.

那个距离潭门三天航程的群岛正在成为中国和其东南亚邻居冲突的焦点。

Rich in oil and gas deposits, the area is one of the world’s busiest shipping routes, through which oil and other resources from the Middle East and Africa are transported to Asia and exports are carried to Europe. But new quarrels over fishing and resource exploration have revived old tensions in the area.

该地区不仅是世界上最繁忙的航道，中东和非洲来的石油从这里去往亚洲，亚洲出口从这里去往欧洲，本身还有极多的油汽资源。但现在新的争执把以前的注意力又吸引了过来。

Just as Mr Wang is taking a break after a two-month Spratly fishing expedition, Chinese and Philippine vessels remain locked in a stand-off at Scarborough Shoal, a reef just west of Manila, which was triggered by what the Philippine government says was illegal poaching by fishermen from Tanmen.
Such incidents are risky for the fishermen. Two of Mr Wang’s crew were shot by hostile coastguards two years ago. The fishermen constantly remind China’s neighbours of Beijing’s claims to these waters, even as there are signs that Beijing is adopting a more moderate stance on the South China Sea dispute.

就在王先生在两个月的南沙捕捞结束后进行休整的时候，中国和菲律宾正在马尼拉西边一点儿的黄岩岛对抗。事件的起因就是菲律宾政府说来自潭门的渔船在当地非法捕捞。
这类事件对渔民来说很危险的。两年前王先生的两个船员就被对方开火过。那些渔民随时都在提醒中国的邻居们中国的那些对南海的主权要求，就算是北京方面现出愿意在南海纠纷中采用更为温和的立场。

“The Filipinos put us in jail and confiscate our ships, and the Malaysians shoot rightaway,” says Wang Qingjin, the owner of one of the larger ships in Tanmen which supplies the Spratly fishermen with fresh food and buys their catch at sea. “The Taiwanese military doesn’t even let us come close. The Vietnamese are slightly better, they just chase us away.”

“菲律宾人会把我们关起来和没收船只，马拉西亚就是直接开火，”另外一艘较大船的船主说，该船是为在南沙渔船提供补给和收购捕捞货品的，“台湾军方根本就不让我们靠近，越南人还稍微好一些，只是把我们赶走。”

China’s neighbours have been blaming Beijing over the rising tensions after it started regular patrols of the Spratlys in 2010.

中国的邻居们指责北京在2010年开始常规巡逻后摩擦就多了起来。

Following a series of failed attempts to make the problem go away by repeating its mantra that it does not threaten anyone, Beijing is finally trying to respond. In February, a foreign ministry spokesman said: “No country including China has claimed sovereignty over the entire South China Sea”.

在多次强调自己对任何人都没有恶意的努力失败以后，北京最终开始回应。2月份一个外交部发言人说：“没有国家，包括中国在内，要求对整个南中国海拥有主权。”

Experts welcomed the statement as a long-overdue clarification, as Beijing had always kept its claims deliberately vague. Chinese maps encircle the entire South China Sea with a line of nine dashes that runs right up to large stretches of the Vietnamese, Malaysian and Philippine coasts.

专家欢迎这种早该有的澄清行为，北京一向故意模糊事情。中国的九段线直接就画了整个南中国海，而且就在越南，马拉西亚，菲律宾的海岸线前。

The controversial “nine-dotted line” first appeared in a map that was published in 1947 by the Republic of China and inherited by the People’s Republic of China, which was founded two years later by Mao Zedong.

充满争议的“九段线”第一次出现在中华民国1947年出版的地图上，后来被两年后毛建立的中华人民共和国所继承。

Following Beijing’s statement, some scholars say China may change tack and base its maritime claims on the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (Unclos) – which takes into account the land, such as islands and reefs, under a country’s sovereignty – instead of the “nine-dotted line”.

专家说北京的声明有是中国要改变在国际海洋法公约下声称权利的方法——就是将岛礁作为主权的诉求，而不是“九段线”。

Wu Shicun, president of the National Institute for South China Sea Studies in Hainan, a think tank that advises the foreign ministry, says the international community “forced” China to move.

海南的中国南海研究院院长吴士存说国际社会“强迫”中国去行动。

“The Chinese claim is not what the international community has thought it to be – that China claims all 2m sq km inside the ‘nine-dotted line’ as territorial waters,” says Mr Wu.

“中国的诉求不是国际社会想象的那样，把九段线内2百万平方公里的地方都作为领海，”吴如此说。

Taylor Fravel, a US expert on Chinese security issues, argues that Beijing has opened the door to an eventual settlement of the dispute.

美国的中国安全问题专拣Taylor Fravel认为北京打开了最终解决此事的大门。

“China could advance a large claim to maritime rights in the South China Sea from the islands and other features [such as reefs and sandbanks] in the Spratly Islands,” he wrote last month.

“中国能从那些南沙的岛礁岩出发要求很大的利益，”他上个月写道。

Mr Fravel added that China basing its claims on Unclos would have the advantage that “disputed and undisputed areas would be clearly identified” and that it would also “allow states to invoke the dispute settlement mechanisms of Unclos”.

他还说中国在国际海洋法公约下解决问题能让“有争议和没有争议的地区清晰起来”，这样能在“国际海洋法公约框架下解决此事”。

However, the road to that goal is challenging. While Chinese scholars increasingly say Beijing must make a case that is compatible with Unclos, many government officials and the military oppose abandoning the nine-dotted line altogether since it is seen as a sign of historic rights in the waters of the South China Sea.

虽然如此，达到此目的还是有很多困难。中国的专家们一直在说北京需要明确在国际海洋法公约下解决问题，军方和很多政府官员反对抛弃九段线，因为九段线被认为是对南中国海有历史要求的象征。

“Now we mainly lean towards the explanation that [the line] means all islands inside it are Chinese territory, and that it demarcates an area inside which China has certain historic rights: fishing rights, navigation rights, natural resource exploration rights,” says Mr Wu.

“现在我们倾向于认为九段线意味着里面包括的岛礁都是中国的领土，另外这也标示中国在此地区有那些历史权利：渔业，航行权，自然资源开采权，”吴说。

Even the cautious step towards a more moderate stance in the South China Sea dispute is triggering a backlash at home.

但就算是非常小心的南中国海温和对策也在中国国内引起了抗议。

“It is going to be very difficult to stick to this foreign policy line because the public has been educated to a nationalist view for decades,” says Zhang Mingliang, a South China Sea expert at Jinan University in Guangzhou.

暨南大学的南中国海专家张明亮说：“这种外交政策执行起来很困难，因为公众被国家主义教育了好几十年。”

The Tanmen fishermen care little about these arguments and just want to make a living. The government pays them a diesel fuel subsidy, with those going out to the Spratlys getting an extra allowance.

潭门的渔民对那些争吵不感兴趣，他们就是要混口饭吃。政府给他们柴油补助，如果是去南沙的话还有额外的补助。

Standing on the deck of his Qiong Qionghai 02093, Mr Wang says “without that, we would be losing money”.

站在琼琼海02093上，王先生说：“没有补助，我们就要赔钱了”。

Additional reporting by Zhao Tianqi


Chinese boats fish in dangerous waters

其实这个标题是个双关语，不仅是指中国渔船，还有国家政策等

By Kathrin Hille in Hainan
Kathrin Hille从海南报道

http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/edb1af28-877d-11e1-865d-00144feab49a.html#axzz1t2Cq50cT


As Wang Chang tidies his boat on the southern Chinese island of Hainan, it could not be more peaceful. The 31-year-old fisherman has just sold his catch and the deck is drying in the afternoon sun.

王先生正在把他的渔船停靠在海南岛上，这个事情看起来没什么大不了。31岁的渔民正在晒船和刚刚把捕捞收获卖掉。

But Mr Wang is plying a dangerous trade. Like 130 other fishing boats in Tanmen, a port on Hainan’s east coast, his dilapidated 90-tonne wooden vessel – the Qiong Qionghai 02093 – specialises in fishing in the Spratly Islands.

但王先生实际正在进行一项危险的活动，就像其他130条在海南东岸潭门的渔船，破烂的90吨木质渔船琼琼海02093，专业在南海捞鱼。

The archipelago, a three-day voyage from Tanmen, has become one of the main flashpoints where China and its south-east Asian neighbours clash over rival territorial claims in the South China Sea.

那个距离潭门三天航程的群岛正在成为中国和其东南亚邻居冲突的焦点。

Rich in oil and gas deposits, the area is one of the world’s busiest shipping routes, through which oil and other resources from the Middle East and Africa are transported to Asia and exports are carried to Europe. But new quarrels over fishing and resource exploration have revived old tensions in the area.

该地区不仅是世界上最繁忙的航道，中东和非洲来的石油从这里去往亚洲，亚洲出口从这里去往欧洲，本身还有极多的油汽资源。但现在新的争执把以前的注意力又吸引了过来。

Just as Mr Wang is taking a break after a two-month Spratly fishing expedition, Chinese and Philippine vessels remain locked in a stand-off at Scarborough Shoal, a reef just west of Manila, which was triggered by what the Philippine government says was illegal poaching by fishermen from Tanmen.
Such incidents are risky for the fishermen. Two of Mr Wang’s crew were shot by hostile coastguards two years ago. The fishermen constantly remind China’s neighbours of Beijing’s claims to these waters, even as there are signs that Beijing is adopting a more moderate stance on the South China Sea dispute.

就在王先生在两个月的南沙捕捞结束后进行休整的时候，中国和菲律宾正在马尼拉西边一点儿的黄岩岛对抗。事件的起因就是菲律宾政府说来自潭门的渔船在当地非法捕捞。
这类事件对渔民来说很危险的。两年前王先生的两个船员就被对方开火过。那些渔民随时都在提醒中国的邻居们中国的那些对南海的主权要求，就算是北京方面现出愿意在南海纠纷中采用更为温和的立场。

“The Filipinos put us in jail and confiscate our ships, and the Malaysians shoot rightaway,” says Wang Qingjin, the owner of one of the larger ships in Tanmen which supplies the Spratly fishermen with fresh food and buys their catch at sea. “The Taiwanese military doesn’t even let us come close. The Vietnamese are slightly better, they just chase us away.”

“菲律宾人会把我们关起来和没收船只，马拉西亚就是直接开火，”另外一艘较大船的船主说，该船是为在南沙渔船提供补给和收购捕捞货品的，“台湾军方根本就不让我们靠近，越南人还稍微好一些，只是把我们赶走。”

China’s neighbours have been blaming Beijing over the rising tensions after it started regular patrols of the Spratlys in 2010.

中国的邻居们指责北京在2010年开始常规巡逻后摩擦就多了起来。

Following a series of failed attempts to make the problem go away by repeating its mantra that it does not threaten anyone, Beijing is finally trying to respond. In February, a foreign ministry spokesman said: “No country including China has claimed sovereignty over the entire South China Sea”.

在多次强调自己对任何人都没有恶意的努力失败以后，北京最终开始回应。2月份一个外交部发言人说：“没有国家，包括中国在内，要求对整个南中国海拥有主权。”

Experts welcomed the statement as a long-overdue clarification, as Beijing had always kept its claims deliberately vague. Chinese maps encircle the entire South China Sea with a line of nine dashes that runs right up to large stretches of the Vietnamese, Malaysian and Philippine coasts.

专家欢迎这种早该有的澄清行为，北京一向故意模糊事情。中国的九段线直接就画了整个南中国海，而且就在越南，马拉西亚，菲律宾的海岸线前。

The controversial “nine-dotted line” first appeared in a map that was published in 1947 by the Republic of China and inherited by the People’s Republic of China, which was founded two years later by Mao Zedong.

充满争议的“九段线”第一次出现在中华民国1947年出版的地图上，后来被两年后毛建立的中华人民共和国所继承。

Following Beijing’s statement, some scholars say China may change tack and base its maritime claims on the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (Unclos) – which takes into account the land, such as islands and reefs, under a country’s sovereignty – instead of the “nine-dotted line”.

专家说北京的声明有是中国要改变在国际海洋法公约下声称权利的方法——就是将岛礁作为主权的诉求，而不是“九段线”。

Wu Shicun, president of the National Institute for South China Sea Studies in Hainan, a think tank that advises the foreign ministry, says the international community “forced” China to move.

海南的中国南海研究院院长吴士存说国际社会“强迫”中国去行动。

“The Chinese claim is not what the international community has thought it to be – that China claims all 2m sq km inside the ‘nine-dotted line’ as territorial waters,” says Mr Wu.

“中国的诉求不是国际社会想象的那样，把九段线内2百万平方公里的地方都作为领海，”吴如此说。

Taylor Fravel, a US expert on Chinese security issues, argues that Beijing has opened the door to an eventual settlement of the dispute.

美国的中国安全问题专拣Taylor Fravel认为北京打开了最终解决此事的大门。

“China could advance a large claim to maritime rights in the South China Sea from the islands and other features [such as reefs and sandbanks] in the Spratly Islands,” he wrote last month.

“中国能从那些南沙的岛礁岩出发要求很大的利益，”他上个月写道。

Mr Fravel added that China basing its claims on Unclos would have the advantage that “disputed and undisputed areas would be clearly identified” and that it would also “allow states to invoke the dispute settlement mechanisms of Unclos”.

他还说中国在国际海洋法公约下解决问题能让“有争议和没有争议的地区清晰起来”，这样能在“国际海洋法公约框架下解决此事”。

However, the road to that goal is challenging. While Chinese scholars increasingly say Beijing must make a case that is compatible with Unclos, many government officials and the military oppose abandoning the nine-dotted line altogether since it is seen as a sign of historic rights in the waters of the South China Sea.

虽然如此，达到此目的还是有很多困难。中国的专家们一直在说北京需要明确在国际海洋法公约下解决问题，军方和很多政府官员反对抛弃九段线，因为九段线被认为是对南中国海有历史要求的象征。

“Now we mainly lean towards the explanation that [the line] means all islands inside it are Chinese territory, and that it demarcates an area inside which China has certain historic rights: fishing rights, navigation rights, natural resource exploration rights,” says Mr Wu.

“现在我们倾向于认为九段线意味着里面包括的岛礁都是中国的领土，另外这也标示中国在此地区有那些历史权利：渔业，航行权，自然资源开采权，”吴说。

Even the cautious step towards a more moderate stance in the South China Sea dispute is triggering a backlash at home.

但就算是非常小心的南中国海温和对策也在中国国内引起了抗议。

“It is going to be very difficult to stick to this foreign policy line because the public has been educated to a nationalist view for decades,” says Zhang Mingliang, a South China Sea expert at Jinan University in Guangzhou.

暨南大学的南中国海专家张明亮说：“这种外交政策执行起来很困难，因为公众被国家主义教育了好几十年。”

The Tanmen fishermen care little about these arguments and just want to make a living. The government pays them a diesel fuel subsidy, with those going out to the Spratlys getting an extra allowance.

潭门的渔民对那些争吵不感兴趣，他们就是要混口饭吃。政府给他们柴油补助，如果是去南沙的话还有额外的补助。

Standing on the deck of his Qiong Qionghai 02093, Mr Wang says “without that, we would be losing money”.

站在琼琼海02093上，王先生说：“没有补助，我们就要赔钱了”。

Additional reporting by Zhao Tianqi