简氏防务视角之一：日本买F-35的单价上涨1500万美元

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Key Points关键点
The Japanese Ministry of Defence (MoD) has admitted that the unit cost of its F-35As jumped from JPY10.2 billion (USD127.7 million) per aircraft in Fiscal Year 2012 to JPY14 billion (USD142.8 million) in FY13
日本防卫省承认购买F-35A的单价从2012财年的102亿日元（1.27亿美元）一架涨到了2013财年的140亿日元（1.428亿美元）。
The cost rise is largely due to local industrial participation in the F-35's production and assembly
抬价的原因主要是因为日本本土工业要参与F-35的制造和装配。
The Japanese Ministry of Defence (MoD) announced on 30 September that the cost of the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters (JSFs) it is purchasing has increased from JPY10.2 billion (USD127.7 million) per aircraft in Fiscal Year 2012 (FY12) to JPY14 billion (USD142.8 million) per aircraft in FY13。
日本防卫省在9月30日宣布购买洛克希德马丁公司F-35A闪电Ⅱ联合打击战斗的单价从2012财年的102亿日元（1.27亿美元）一架涨到了2013财年的140亿日元（1.428亿美元）。
The Ministry had initially allocated a unit cost of JPY14.9 billion per aircraft to purchase two F-35s in FY13. It cited domestic companies' involvement in the manufacturing process as the main reason for the increase in cost compared to the four F-35s bought for JPY10.2 billion per aircraft in FY12.
防卫省计划在2013财年中以149亿日元的单价购入两架F-35。它以“国内企业需要参与其制造过程”为主要理由去和2012财年用102亿日元单价购入4架F-35比较以增加防卫预算。
In the FY13 budget, expenses related to the F-35 totaled JPY133.2 billion, a little lower than the JPY133.9 billion originally projected.
在2013财年的预算中，购买F-25的费用最终定格在1332亿日元，比原本计划的1339亿日元要稍低一些。
The MoD also announced a number of F-35-related contract awards for local industry: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) has been awarded a contract worth JPY63.9 billion for final assembly and checkout (FACO); IHI Corporation has been awarded a JPY18.2 billion contract to manufacture engine parts; and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has been awarded a JPY5.6 billion contract to manufacture radar components.
防卫省同时也发表了加入F-35制造的本地军工企业：三菱重工（MHI）获得了价值639亿日元的负责总装和验收的合同；石川岛重工获得了价值182亿日元的负责引擎制造的合同；三菱电器株式会社则获得了价值56亿日元的负责制造雷达的合同。
ANALYSIS分析
The increase in price for Japan's JSFs is in contrast to reduced costs for the US Air Force's (USAF) F-35As and illustrates the financial penalties of allocating work for the programme to local industry.
日本的联合打击战斗机的加价是相对于美国空军F-35A的降价而言的，并以财政惩罚为例来给本地企业分配任务（实在无能为力，求教更好的翻译，大家凑和着看吧)
The US government on 27 September finalised low-rate initial production (LRIP) VI and VII contracts for the US military valued at a total of USD7.8 billion. These contracts will fund production of 71 aircraft across three types: the F-35A conventional take-off and landing variant, the F-35B short take-off and landing variant, and the F-35C carrier variant.
美国政府在9月27日结束了第6和第7期的给美国军队的总价值78亿美元的合同的低速生产阶段（LRIP）（高能）。这一合同共会生产71架，一共三种型号的战机：F-35A传统起降型，F-35B短距起飞-垂直降落型和F-35C舰载型。
According to officials, the F-35A airframe, which Japan is also purchasing, is projected to cost USD100.8 million in LRIP VI and USD96.8 million in LRIP VII. However, this price does not include the F135 engines being produced by Pratt & Whitney, which defence officials have said cost about USD14 million each
根据（政府）官员所说，F-35A型，也就是即将卖给日本的型号，计划中将在第六阶段花费10.08亿美元，在第七阶段花费9.68亿美元。但是，这个价格并没有包含普拉特惠特尼公司的F135引擎，也就是据官员说的价值1400万美元的引擎。
The F-35's cost inflation is well documented. When it was down-selected for System Development and Demonstration in 2001, the unit cost of a USAF F-35A was quoted as USD37.3 million. By FY10, US budget documentation showed the F-35A unit cost, (airframe, contractor-furnished electronics and engine), to be USD130.6 million.
F-35的价格上涨得很离谱。在2001年系统项目研发和验证的竞标的时候，美国空军F-35的单架报价是3730万美元。但是在2010财年的时候，美国的报价（包括机身，控制系统和引擎）涨到了1.306亿美元。
Economies of scale expected during peak production should drive unit cost down, although this is likely to be offset by significant cuts in the number of aircraft to be procured, especially by the US. In November 2009, Lockheed Martin estimated (in FY02 dollars) average unit recurring flyaway cost to be in the upper USD40 million range for the F-35A. By July 2012, Lockheed Martin had revised those figures, with the unit cost of an F-35A estimated to be about USD70 million in 2012 dollars.
生产高峰期会应该会让军事单位的单价降低，所以会让飞机生产数量的下降所导致的单价上升被抵消，特别是美国。在2009年11月，洛克希德马丁公司估计平均每架F-35A的再循环造价（求教）将会在4000万美元以上。在2012年7月，洛克希德马丁公司修订了这些数据，估计再循环价格会在7000万美元左右（2012年汇率）
（5th译制）
这篇帖子以前似乎发过了，因为LZ翻的有点慢，下一篇会确保独家的！翻的不好，感觉好的撒花，差的就拍砖吧！


预告：俄罗斯向巴西出售战机并帮助其军工发展

1452103-main.jpg (38.04 KB, 下载次数: 1)

下载附件 保存到相册

2013-10-19 09:25 上传

Key Points关键点
The Japanese Ministry of Defence (MoD) has admitted that the unit cost of its F-35As jumped from JPY10.2 billion (USD127.7 million) per aircraft in Fiscal Year 2012 to JPY14 billion (USD142.8 million) in FY13
日本防卫省承认购买F-35A的单价从2012财年的102亿日元（1.27亿美元）一架涨到了2013财年的140亿日元（1.428亿美元）。
The cost rise is largely due to local industrial participation in the F-35's production and assembly
抬价的原因主要是因为日本本土工业要参与F-35的制造和装配。
The Japanese Ministry of Defence (MoD) announced on 30 September that the cost of the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters (JSFs) it is purchasing has increased from JPY10.2 billion (USD127.7 million) per aircraft in Fiscal Year 2012 (FY12) to JPY14 billion (USD142.8 million) per aircraft in FY13。
日本防卫省在9月30日宣布购买洛克希德马丁公司F-35A闪电Ⅱ联合打击战斗的单价从2012财年的102亿日元（1.27亿美元）一架涨到了2013财年的140亿日元（1.428亿美元）。
The Ministry had initially allocated a unit cost of JPY14.9 billion per aircraft to purchase two F-35s in FY13. It cited domestic companies' involvement in the manufacturing process as the main reason for the increase in cost compared to the four F-35s bought for JPY10.2 billion per aircraft in FY12.
防卫省计划在2013财年中以149亿日元的单价购入两架F-35。它以“国内企业需要参与其制造过程”为主要理由去和2012财年用102亿日元单价购入4架F-35比较以增加防卫预算。
In the FY13 budget, expenses related to the F-35 totaled JPY133.2 billion, a little lower than the JPY133.9 billion originally projected.
在2013财年的预算中，购买F-25的费用最终定格在1332亿日元，比原本计划的1339亿日元要稍低一些。
The MoD also announced a number of F-35-related contract awards for local industry: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) has been awarded a contract worth JPY63.9 billion for final assembly and checkout (FACO); IHI Corporation has been awarded a JPY18.2 billion contract to manufacture engine parts; and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has been awarded a JPY5.6 billion contract to manufacture radar components.
防卫省同时也发表了加入F-35制造的本地军工企业：三菱重工（MHI）获得了价值639亿日元的负责总装和验收的合同；石川岛重工获得了价值182亿日元的负责引擎制造的合同；三菱电器株式会社则获得了价值56亿日元的负责制造雷达的合同。
ANALYSIS分析
The increase in price for Japan's JSFs is in contrast to reduced costs for the US Air Force's (USAF) F-35As and illustrates the financial penalties of allocating work for the programme to local industry.
日本的联合打击战斗机的加价是相对于美国空军F-35A的降价而言的，并以财政惩罚为例来给本地企业分配任务（实在无能为力，求教更好的翻译，大家凑和着看吧)
The US government on 27 September finalised low-rate initial production (LRIP) VI and VII contracts for the US military valued at a total of USD7.8 billion. These contracts will fund production of 71 aircraft across three types: the F-35A conventional take-off and landing variant, the F-35B short take-off and landing variant, and the F-35C carrier variant.
美国政府在9月27日结束了第6和第7期的给美国军队的总价值78亿美元的合同的低速生产阶段（LRIP）（高能）。这一合同共会生产71架，一共三种型号的战机：F-35A传统起降型，F-35B短距起飞-垂直降落型和F-35C舰载型。
According to officials, the F-35A airframe, which Japan is also purchasing, is projected to cost USD100.8 million in LRIP VI and USD96.8 million in LRIP VII. However, this price does not include the F135 engines being produced by Pratt & Whitney, which defence officials have said cost about USD14 million each
根据（政府）官员所说，F-35A型，也就是即将卖给日本的型号，计划中将在第六阶段花费10.08亿美元，在第七阶段花费9.68亿美元。但是，这个价格并没有包含普拉特惠特尼公司的F135引擎，也就是据官员说的价值1400万美元的引擎。
The F-35's cost inflation is well documented. When it was down-selected for System Development and Demonstration in 2001, the unit cost of a USAF F-35A was quoted as USD37.3 million. By FY10, US budget documentation showed the F-35A unit cost, (airframe, contractor-furnished electronics and engine), to be USD130.6 million.
F-35的价格上涨得很离谱。在2001年系统项目研发和验证的竞标的时候，美国空军F-35的单架报价是3730万美元。但是在2010财年的时候，美国的报价（包括机身，控制系统和引擎）涨到了1.306亿美元。
Economies of scale expected during peak production should drive unit cost down, although this is likely to be offset by significant cuts in the number of aircraft to be procured, especially by the US. In November 2009, Lockheed Martin estimated (in FY02 dollars) average unit recurring flyaway cost to be in the upper USD40 million range for the F-35A. By July 2012, Lockheed Martin had revised those figures, with the unit cost of an F-35A estimated to be about USD70 million in 2012 dollars.
生产高峰期会应该会让军事单位的单价降低，所以会让飞机生产数量的下降所导致的单价上升被抵消，特别是美国。在2009年11月，洛克希德马丁公司估计平均每架F-35A的再循环造价（求教）将会在4000万美元以上。在2012年7月，洛克希德马丁公司修订了这些数据，估计再循环价格会在7000万美元左右（2012年汇率）
（5th译制）
这篇帖子以前似乎发过了，因为LZ翻的有点慢，下一篇会确保独家的！翻的不好，感觉好的撒花，差的就拍砖吧！


预告：俄罗斯向巴西出售战机并帮助其军工发展