【资料翻译】1999年T80U及T90防护测试——T90防护优于T8 ...

看完文章后发现T90竟然优于T80U......这不科学啊......专程翻译来找陆版炮霸们求教了
原文链接http://fofanov.armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/TRIALS/19991020.html

————正文————

On October 20, 1999 extensive trials of T-80U and T-90 protection from various types of threats were conducted at TsNIIO 643a Testing Grounds. The tests involved firing large amounts of ordnance (including several versions of RPG ATGL, light and heavy ATGMs, and APFSDS rounds) at frontal projections of T-80U and T-90 MBTs both protected with Kontakt-V ERA and stripped of it.
1999年10月20日，在TsNIIO 643a测试场对T80U和T90对于各种威胁的防护进行了测试，并对加装以及未加装Kontakt-5 ERA的80U和90正面进行了大量实弹射击测试（包括多种RPG反坦克火箭，各种轻型重型反坦克导弹，以及脱穿）
Kontakt-5 ERA应该是某种爆反：http://fofanov.armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/EQP/kontakt5.html



T-80U and T-90 MBTs were represented by 3 vehicles each, one with Kontakt-V ERA, one with removed explosive packages and one reserve vehicle. For the ERA part of trials, knocked-out ERA packages were replaced after each shot.
两种车每种三辆，一辆装备有Kontakt-5 ERA爆反，一辆不装，一辆备用，每次射击后Kontakt-5 ERA都会被替换成新的

One more T-80U MBT was used for special trials that focused on testing of Shtora-1 EOCMDAS.
有辆额外的80U被用于Shtora-1 EOCMDAS的实验
Shtora-1 EOCMDAS是某种主动光电防御装置：http://fofanov.armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/EQP/shtora.html

The following weapons were used:
用到的武器：

Infantry ATGLs (fired at a distance of 40m)
单兵反坦克火箭，40米射击

RPG-7 (using advanced 105mm grenade PG-7VR with a tandem warhead, pen. 650mm RHA)
改进型105mm串联战斗部的RPG7VP 650mmRHA穿深

RPG-26 (disposable launcher, pen. >500mm RHA)
一次性RPG26 穿深大于500mmRHA

RPG-29 (advanced 105mm launcher, pen. 750mm RHA)
改进型105mmRPG29 750mmRHA

ATGMs (fired at a distance of 600m)
反坦克导弹600米射击（这些就直接放编号和维基链接了）

Malyutka-2 (pen. >600mm RHA)
9K11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K11_Malyutka （注：9K11-2穿深维基写的是800mm）

Metis (pen. 460mm RHA)
9K115 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K115_Metis

Konkurs (pen. 650mm RHA)
9K113 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkurs （维基穿深为600mm）

Kornet (pen. >850mm RHA)
9K133 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornet （维基穿深为1000-1200mm）

APFSDS (fired from T-80U MBT at a distance of 1,500m, the most likely round is 3BM42)
尾翼稳定脱壳穿甲弹， T80U于1500米发射，弹药性能类似3BM42
维基来的3BM42资料，挑重点翻译了
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125_mm_smoothbore_ammunition#3VBM17.2F3BM42_.283BM44.29

Entered service in 1986. The projectile is a tungsten alloy core sheathed in steel.
Country of origin: Soviet Union
Projectile dimension弹芯尺寸: 452 mm 15: 1 L/d
Round weight整弹重量: 20.4 kg
Projectile weight弹芯重量: 4.85 kg
Projectile weight (including sabot)带弹托弹芯重量: 7.05 kg
Muzzle velocity炮口初速: 1700 m/s
Muzzle energy炮口动能: 7.0 MJ
Penetration穿深: 450 mm at 0° at 2000 m, 220 mm at 60° at 2000 m.
------题外话结束，回到正文------

Each weapon was fired 5 times at each target, for a total of 20 shots per weapon. The total number of shots fired during the trials thus exceeded 150.
每辆车每种武器打5次，一共20次（备用车先不打），总共打了150次以上。。。。

The trials yielded the following outcome:
实验成果：

ATGLs
火箭弹的
T-90: RPG-29 produced a total of 3 penetrations.
No other RPG rounds could penetrate even the stripped target.
T90：RPG29击穿了3次（两车共10次射击），其他RPG未能造成任何击穿（包括不装备爆反的）

T-80U: RPG-29 penetrated 3 times with ERA, all 5 times without ERA.
Of all other grenades, one PG-7VR penetrated the stripped target.
T80U：RPG29击穿了3次带爆反的（5次射击中），打不带爆反的全穿了
其他RPG同T90无法对哪怕裸体80U造成任何穿透

ATGMs
导弹
T-90: No ATGMs could penetrate the ERA-equipped target. One Kornet ATGM penetrated the stripped target.
全都打不穿裸体以及挂爆反T90

T-80U: 2 Kornet ATGMs penetrated the ERA-equipped target, all 5 penetrated the stripped target.
No other ATGMs could penetrate.
T80U：Kornet（9K133）击穿了2次带爆反的（5次射击中），打不带爆反的全穿了，其他都打不穿

APFSDS
脱穿
T-90: ERA-equipped target could not be penetrated. Furthermore, after firing the crew entered the vehicle, activated it and was able to execute the firing sequence.
Without ERA, one round penetrated.
T90：有爆反的无法彻底侵彻，而且可以正常开火（也就是未丧失战斗力），没爆反的穿了一发

T-80U (data available only for stripped target): One round almost penetrated (3mm hole in the inner lining, no visible equipment damage); two penetrated to 1/2 thickness; one missed the target completely; one hit the gun.
T80U：（只有不挂爆反的数据）一发炮弹几乎穿透了（内部被打了个3mm的小洞，无设备损伤），两发穿透了一半装甲，一发没打到（这。。。节操何在！多打一发会死啊！！），一发打到了主炮上（坏主炮不掉血是吧。。。。）

The following pictures show the locations of impacts by ATGL RPG-29 (in red) and ATGM Kornet (in black) against ERA-equipped vehicles. Which of these hits penetrated was not disclosed.
最后是两张图表示被RPG29（红点）和Kornet 9K133(黑点)击中的不带爆反的辆车的位置

T80U


T90


Conclusions (VF)
结论

RPG-29 proved to be by far the most potent weapon among those used. As powerful as heavy ATGM Kornet, it appeared to assure the frontal penetration of T-80U even for the squad-level firepower. Even though T-90 fared better, it is still not immune to it. Considering sufficient proliferation of this weapon and the fact that this is still a fairly light infantry weapon, it is the most dangerous adversary of modern Russian MBTs, and is a very disturbing development.
RPG29被证明为迄今最强力的武器之一，如同重型反坦克导弹Kornet 9K133一般，它可以作为班级的武器并确保击穿T80U的正面，虽然T90表现更好，但仍然无法免疫其攻击。考虑到这种武器的扩散以及其便携性，这是对于俄军坦克的威胁，而且是令人不安的发展

Original reports that ATGM Kornet performance is severely degraded by ERA due to its peculiar order of internal components proved true as the ATGM with at least 100mm higher penetrating potential was not superior to a much lighter RPG-29.
原始报告表明反坦克导弹Kornet 9K133的穿透力被特殊排列内部部件的爆炸反应装甲（ERA）严重削弱，虽然拥有至少100mm穿深提高的潜力，但仍不如轻型的RPG29

Report of Shtora-1 EOCMDAS trials is confusing. Being laser-guided, ATGM Kornet should not suffer any interference from Shtora as it only affects IR SACLOS ATGMs. Furthermore, ATGMs can only deviate to the left if the marker is set to the left of both emitters, which is hardly likely. It is possible, however unlikely, that it was caused by a sloppy work of removal the warhead which e.g. could cause a gyro cofusion.
关于Shtora-1 EOCMDAS主动光电对抗的报告很混乱，激光制导的Kornet并不会受到干扰，它只会影响红外制导的反坦克导弹。此外。。。。。（最后这不懂啥意思，大体是说导弹只会向左偏移当标记被设在两个发射器左边，但这是几乎不可能的，可能的情况是，当然这不可能发生，由于移除弹头时的马虎而导致，比如陀螺仪失灵）

看完文章后发现T90竟然优于T80U......这不科学啊......专程翻译来找陆版炮霸们求教了
原文链接http://fofanov.armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/TRIALS/19991020.html

————正文————

On October 20, 1999 extensive trials of T-80U and T-90 protection from various types of threats were conducted at TsNIIO 643a Testing Grounds. The tests involved firing large amounts of ordnance (including several versions of RPG ATGL, light and heavy ATGMs, and APFSDS rounds) at frontal projections of T-80U and T-90 MBTs both protected with Kontakt-V ERA and stripped of it.
1999年10月20日，在TsNIIO 643a测试场对T80U和T90对于各种威胁的防护进行了测试，并对加装以及未加装Kontakt-5 ERA的80U和90正面进行了大量实弹射击测试（包括多种RPG反坦克火箭，各种轻型重型反坦克导弹，以及脱穿）
Kontakt-5 ERA应该是某种爆反：http://fofanov.armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/EQP/kontakt5.html



T-80U and T-90 MBTs were represented by 3 vehicles each, one with Kontakt-V ERA, one with removed explosive packages and one reserve vehicle. For the ERA part of trials, knocked-out ERA packages were replaced after each shot.
两种车每种三辆，一辆装备有Kontakt-5 ERA爆反，一辆不装，一辆备用，每次射击后Kontakt-5 ERA都会被替换成新的

One more T-80U MBT was used for special trials that focused on testing of Shtora-1 EOCMDAS.
有辆额外的80U被用于Shtora-1 EOCMDAS的实验
Shtora-1 EOCMDAS是某种主动光电防御装置：http://fofanov.armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/EQP/shtora.html

The following weapons were used:
用到的武器：

Infantry ATGLs (fired at a distance of 40m)
单兵反坦克火箭，40米射击

RPG-7 (using advanced 105mm grenade PG-7VR with a tandem warhead, pen. 650mm RHA)
改进型105mm串联战斗部的RPG7VP 650mmRHA穿深

RPG-26 (disposable launcher, pen. >500mm RHA)
一次性RPG26 穿深大于500mmRHA

RPG-29 (advanced 105mm launcher, pen. 750mm RHA)
改进型105mmRPG29 750mmRHA

ATGMs (fired at a distance of 600m)
反坦克导弹600米射击（这些就直接放编号和维基链接了）

Malyutka-2 (pen. >600mm RHA)
9K11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K11_Malyutka （注：9K11-2穿深维基写的是800mm）

Metis (pen. 460mm RHA)
9K115 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K115_Metis

Konkurs (pen. 650mm RHA)
9K113 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkurs （维基穿深为600mm）

Kornet (pen. >850mm RHA)
9K133 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornet （维基穿深为1000-1200mm）

APFSDS (fired from T-80U MBT at a distance of 1,500m, the most likely round is 3BM42)
尾翼稳定脱壳穿甲弹， T80U于1500米发射，弹药性能类似3BM42
维基来的3BM42资料，挑重点翻译了
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125_mm_smoothbore_ammunition#3VBM17.2F3BM42_.283BM44.29

Entered service in 1986. The projectile is a tungsten alloy core sheathed in steel.
Country of origin: Soviet Union
Projectile dimension弹芯尺寸: 452 mm 15: 1 L/d
Round weight整弹重量: 20.4 kg
Projectile weight弹芯重量: 4.85 kg
Projectile weight (including sabot)带弹托弹芯重量: 7.05 kg
Muzzle velocity炮口初速: 1700 m/s
Muzzle energy炮口动能: 7.0 MJ
Penetration穿深: 450 mm at 0° at 2000 m, 220 mm at 60° at 2000 m.
------题外话结束，回到正文------

Each weapon was fired 5 times at each target, for a total of 20 shots per weapon. The total number of shots fired during the trials thus exceeded 150.
每辆车每种武器打5次，一共20次（备用车先不打），总共打了150次以上。。。。

The trials yielded the following outcome:
实验成果：

ATGLs
火箭弹的
T-90: RPG-29 produced a total of 3 penetrations.
No other RPG rounds could penetrate even the stripped target.
T90：RPG29击穿了3次（两车共10次射击），其他RPG未能造成任何击穿（包括不装备爆反的）

T-80U: RPG-29 penetrated 3 times with ERA, all 5 times without ERA.
Of all other grenades, one PG-7VR penetrated the stripped target.
T80U：RPG29击穿了3次带爆反的（5次射击中），打不带爆反的全穿了
其他RPG同T90无法对哪怕裸体80U造成任何穿透

ATGMs
导弹
T-90: No ATGMs could penetrate the ERA-equipped target. One Kornet ATGM penetrated the stripped target.
全都打不穿裸体以及挂爆反T90

T-80U: 2 Kornet ATGMs penetrated the ERA-equipped target, all 5 penetrated the stripped target.
No other ATGMs could penetrate.
T80U：Kornet（9K133）击穿了2次带爆反的（5次射击中），打不带爆反的全穿了，其他都打不穿

APFSDS
脱穿
T-90: ERA-equipped target could not be penetrated. Furthermore, after firing the crew entered the vehicle, activated it and was able to execute the firing sequence.
Without ERA, one round penetrated.
T90：有爆反的无法彻底侵彻，而且可以正常开火（也就是未丧失战斗力），没爆反的穿了一发

T-80U (data available only for stripped target): One round almost penetrated (3mm hole in the inner lining, no visible equipment damage); two penetrated to 1/2 thickness; one missed the target completely; one hit the gun.
T80U：（只有不挂爆反的数据）一发炮弹几乎穿透了（内部被打了个3mm的小洞，无设备损伤），两发穿透了一半装甲，一发没打到（这。。。节操何在！多打一发会死啊！！），一发打到了主炮上（坏主炮不掉血是吧。。。。）

The following pictures show the locations of impacts by ATGL RPG-29 (in red) and ATGM Kornet (in black) against ERA-equipped vehicles. Which of these hits penetrated was not disclosed.
最后是两张图表示被RPG29（红点）和Kornet 9K133(黑点)击中的不带爆反的辆车的位置

T80U


T90


Conclusions (VF)
结论

RPG-29 proved to be by far the most potent weapon among those used. As powerful as heavy ATGM Kornet, it appeared to assure the frontal penetration of T-80U even for the squad-level firepower. Even though T-90 fared better, it is still not immune to it. Considering sufficient proliferation of this weapon and the fact that this is still a fairly light infantry weapon, it is the most dangerous adversary of modern Russian MBTs, and is a very disturbing development.
RPG29被证明为迄今最强力的武器之一，如同重型反坦克导弹Kornet 9K133一般，它可以作为班级的武器并确保击穿T80U的正面，虽然T90表现更好，但仍然无法免疫其攻击。考虑到这种武器的扩散以及其便携性，这是对于俄军坦克的威胁，而且是令人不安的发展

Original reports that ATGM Kornet performance is severely degraded by ERA due to its peculiar order of internal components proved true as the ATGM with at least 100mm higher penetrating potential was not superior to a much lighter RPG-29.
原始报告表明反坦克导弹Kornet 9K133的穿透力被特殊排列内部部件的爆炸反应装甲（ERA）严重削弱，虽然拥有至少100mm穿深提高的潜力，但仍不如轻型的RPG29

Report of Shtora-1 EOCMDAS trials is confusing. Being laser-guided, ATGM Kornet should not suffer any interference from Shtora as it only affects IR SACLOS ATGMs. Furthermore, ATGMs can only deviate to the left if the marker is set to the left of both emitters, which is hardly likely. It is possible, however unlikely, that it was caused by a sloppy work of removal the warhead which e.g. could cause a gyro cofusion.
关于Shtora-1 EOCMDAS主动光电对抗的报告很混乱，激光制导的Kornet并不会受到干扰，它只会影响红外制导的反坦克导弹。此外。。。。。（最后这不懂啥意思，大体是说导弹只会向左偏移当标记被设在两个发射器左边，但这是几乎不可能的，可能的情况是，当然这不可能发生，由于移除弹头时的马虎而导致，比如陀螺仪失灵）