[原创]对伊朗航空工业公司完成了对F-14的第100架次大修 ...

原刊于：伊朗《航空工业》杂志1993年5月刊第64页
感谢铁血的小熊爸爸翻译了前三段，唯物翻译了后七段并进行了修改



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Overhauling of the 100th F-14 by the Iran aircraft industry and returning it to service with the IRIAF
伊朗航空工业公司完成了对F-14的第100架次大修，并使其重新在伊朗空军服役

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After overhauling the 100th F-14 (Tomcat) strategic fighter by the specialists of Iran aircraft industry (SAHA), and returning it to service with the IRIAF, we had a brief interview about how this important job was achieved with the engineer, Mr. Mehrdad Amiri (assistant aircraft developer at SAHA). The interview is as follows.

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    在伊朗航空工业公司的专家对F-14“雄猫”战略战斗机完成了第100架次的大修之后，我们就这一重大的工作成就对伊朗航空工业公司的航空器助理开发工程师迈哈德.阿米尔先生进行了专访。以下是专访摘要：

Q: Mr. Amiri, would you please tell us briefly on how the F-14s are being repaired? 问：阿米尔先生，请您简要地告诉我们F-14是怎样进行大修的？

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R: In the name of god the most gracious and merciful. After the great Islamic revolution which forced the western engineers and specialists (specially American specialists) to leave Iran were thought by a lot of foreign and domestic observers, that the overhauling of the Iranian F-14s would face great problems or would be impossible to be achieved by Iranian engineers and specialists. Their opinion on this matter was based on their believe, that Iranian engineers and specialists did not have the familiarity or the experience with these aircrafts, including its special hanger need or its basic repairs, especially since there was a western arms embargo imposed on Iran. But with the will of god and the hard working of the SAHA personnel and with help of our loyal engineer and specialists of IRIAF, in the year 1361 (1982-1983), the basic work on the overhauling was started.
答：伟大而仁慈的真主在上，当伟大的伊斯兰革命迫使西方的工程师和专家（特别是美国专家）离开伊朗之后，很多国内外的观察家都认为伊朗的工程师和专家们在对F-14进行大修时将遇到很大的困难，或者说根本就不可能完成这项工作。这个结论是建立在如下的理论基础上的，即“伊朗的工程师和专家们对这种飞机并不熟悉，他们不熟悉维修F-14所需的特殊的机库吊架以及对F-14的基础维修工作；此外，西方世界对伊朗进行了武器禁运，这使伊朗无法获得必须的零配件供应。”然而实际情况恰恰相反，在伟大真主的意志下，在伊朗航空工业工程师的艰苦努力，以及来自伊朗空军的工程师和专家的帮助下，在回历1361年（公历1982-1983年），大修的基本工作开始了。

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Q: Please tell us about the problems that were faces with the overhauling of F-14s in the beginning?

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问：请谈一下在大修工作开始阶段遇到的困难。

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R: The very first problem with the overhauling of F-14s, were the lack of needed engineers and specialists, overhauling packages, needed parts and tools and which the aircraft industry overcame the problem with the hard work and several years of experience in the field of aircraft repairs, and by extracting the needed information from available technical manuals and having access to plans for overhauling aircrafts. At the same time with help of our Islamic brothers and their experience from IRIAF, were called to relieve the pressure of lack of spare and tools needed for this job to be started.
答：F-14大修开始时最大的困难是缺乏工程师和专家、必须的配件和工具。经过艰苦的工作、数年飞机维修经验的积累、最大程度地从仅有的技术手册中发掘维修必须的资料信息，伊朗航空工业的工程师们开始制定大修工作的计划。同时，伊朗空军兄弟向我们提供他们的经验，这减轻了在大修工作开始阶段由于缺少配件和工具所造成的压力。

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Q: Please tell us about the steps takes in overhauling one F-14?
问：请告诉我们在对F-14进行大修时的阶段步骤

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R: In short the overhauling of one F-14 is based on a 3-stage plan. The main stage which is it self made of 22 phases would be from entering the aircraft for overhaul to returning it. The stage for repairing parts of the aircraft is separate from the first stage (which is different for each individual aircraft) and technical overhauling.

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答：简单地说，对F-14进行大修分为三个阶段。最主要的阶段是进入飞机进行大修使它重新服役的22个步骤。这包含在第一个阶段和翻修技术中（每架飞机都不一样）

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Q: Would you please tell us about the advances made in the field of heavy repairs of F-14 aircraft in Iran?
问：请您告诉我们，伊朗在大修F-14方面取得的成绩。

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R: Fortunately for us, the aircraft industry was able to focus on the need of IRIAF and to set plans for its repairing needs. It started from a slow and planned start in the year 1361 (1982-1983) and reached a proud and fast speed by the year 1371 (1992-1993). In this year several F-14s were repaired and one aircraft was finished with its overhauling and was returned to IRIAF. We hope with new years to come, that we perfect and get better in repairing the IRIAF aircrafts. Infect, with the full knowledge and the ability to fully repair any aircraft, we have announced to the IRIAF that we can repair any numbers of their aircrafts that they need. ho
答：幸运的是，伊朗的航空工业公司已经能够满足伊朗空军的需要并根据需要制定维修计划。维修F-14的计划最早起步于回历1361年（公历1982-1983），到回历1371年（公历1992-1993），我们在维修速度上取得了重大迅速的进展，在这一年我们翻修了数架F-14，其中一架完成了大修任务后当年就返回伊朗空军重新服役。我们希望在新的一年里，在维修伊朗空军飞机方面做的更好。目前我们具备了全部的技术和能力，可以修复任何飞机，我们现在已经对伊朗空军宣布，我们有能力维修任何数量的他们想要进行维修的飞机！

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Q: What self-sufficiency抯 of this aircraft have we reached?
问：我们自力更生地修理这种飞机已经达到了什么程度？

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R: In the past 10 years, the repairing of these aircrafts were a big step and very knowledgeable for us in the fields of engineering these aircrafts and with the access to the powerful computer technology, we can say with certainty that we can completely overhaul these aircrafts. Also we have taken steps in the field of overhauling chassis and frames for these aircrafts, that with the availability of the needed funding we can continue doing this. We can do the same for other aircrafts in the IRIAF inventory. Also I would like to add that not only studies but steps in the field of manufacturing spare parts for these aircrafts are on hand on a day to day basis, and we have been successful up to now in this field.
答：在过去的十年中，对我们来说，修理这些飞机使我们在机械工程学领域和高性能计算机技术方面获得了巨大的进步，我们可以肯定地说：我们已经能够彻底地翻修F-14。我们为这些飞机的翻修设定了标准，在飞机结构方面采取了措施，在飞机寿命内，我们可以保持不断的维护。同样我们也能这样维护伊朗空军清单上的其他飞机。我很高兴地补充一点：对于F-14，我们不但在研究方面，而且在配件制造方面也不断取得进展，到目前为止我们已经在F-14的配件生产方面获得了成功。

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Q: Was there any repairs done on damaged F-14s? NF
问：对于已经损坏的F-14我们也进行维修吗？

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R: Yes, in this field we received great experience and knowledge from aircraft engineering section of SAHA, that has more to do with the years of imposed war. With in-depth focus on complicated engineering feats, out factories were able to exactly copy the needed parts with basic engineering knowledge.
答：是的，在这方面我们从伊朗航空工业公司的航空工程分部获得了丰富的经验和知识，在长期的战争条件下，伊朗航空工业公司的航空工程分部已经做了很多这方面的工作。在深入地研究复杂的工程技术过程中，我们的工厂已经能在现有的基本的工程知识下，完全仿制出所需的配件。

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Q: What are the effects of American embargo on repairing our F-14s?
问：美国的禁运对我们维修F-14产生了什么影响？

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R: In the beginning we thought that we would face a lot of problems, but by doing some research and having access to spare parts received before the Islamic revolution, we came to the conclusion that with the strong spare part needs and the little spare parts available, forced us to increase our affords in manufacturing spare parts for our F-14s. In comparison to our other projects, our F-14 repair project had a lower cost.
答：在开始的时候，我们认为我们将面临许多问题，但是在进行了一些研究和得到在伊斯兰革命前获得的备件后，我们得出结论：我们面临着巨大的配件需求和很少的配件来源，这迫使我们要为F-14生产出足够的配件。相对于我们其他的项目，我们的F-14维修项目只花费了少量的经费。

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Q: What do you think the future of F-14 will be in both Iran and the world?
问：您认为伊朗和世界上的F-14的未来前景如何？

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R: It is a common knowledge that outside US Navy, Iran is the only nation operating F-14s, because US does not want to sell these birds to other nations do to the fact that this birds are very capable aircrafts. The development of this aircraft in US was excellent. Infect the fact that upgrading it. A model to the D models with greater flying and fighting capability was a great improvement. Upgrading their engines, adding more powerful radars, adding advance electronic warfare systems, upgrading to more powerful computers, modern hydraulics and adding or updating other modern equipments created aircrafts that does not have any other aircrafts that comes close to them in comparison. The changing of the aircraft to a multi-rule aircraft by US., probably shrank the market for other aircrafts.
答：众所周知，世界上除了美国海军外，伊朗是唯一使用F-14的国家，美国不想把这种飞机卖给别的国家，因为这种飞机是很优秀的。该机在美国的发展很出色。F-14还要进一步地升级。从A型到D型，飞行性能和作战能力有了巨大的提高。美国人升级了发动机，安装了更好的雷达，加装了先进的电子战系统，升级了更强劲的计算机，更现代的布局，增加升级了其他现代化的设备，在这方面没有任何飞机能和它比。美国将F-14改变为多任务飞机，可能会导致其他飞机的市场萎缩。

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Q: First I want to thank you for your time and effort in giving this interview and second I would like to ask you if there is anything else you would like to talk about on this matter before we finish this interview up?
问：首先我要感谢您花费了时间和精力来接受采访，其次在这次采访结束前我想问您还有什么需要向我们介绍？

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R: Yes, I would like to say that SAHA, with its 20 some years experience in the fields of overhauling aircrafts, their engines, and specially its specialized personnel, has become a unique industry in the middle east, and in the amount effort and work being done has placed it unique in the world as whole This is the reason that why we need to protect this great investment at all costs and that we must still continue to work on it to make it even greater. At the end I would like to thank all the technicians, engineers and all personnel who are working in Iran aircraft industry who had backed us up in the past during the imposed war.
答：是的，我很高兴地告诉大家：伊朗航空工业公司在翻修飞机方面已经有20多年的历史，他的设备特别是专业员工在中东地区是独一无二的（不包括以色列） 。他的成就和工作在全世界也是独一无二的。这就是为什么我们不惜代价地保持对他的投资，我们必须不断努力使他更加壮大。最后我要感谢所有的技术人员、工程师和在伊朗航空工业公司工作的所有员工，正是他们支持我们对付外国强加来的战争（两伊战争）。

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唯物点评：根据国际飞行等权威杂志介绍，伊朗目前已经能够自己生产大部分F-14常见部件（甚至包括部分电子部件），建立了中东地区仅次于以色列的航空工业体系 。伊朗空军制定了合理的使用计划，各飞行中队中20%的F-14作为储备，定期进行轮换，保证每架飞机能得到充分的轮换机会，同时每架飞机的飞行时数得到平均。飞行员要协助技术人员为处于储备期间的每架F-14制定维修计划，这使得飞机能得到精良科学的维护，使得每架飞机的寿命得到延长。1994年，伊朗空军在阅兵式上F-14以25架的庞大密集编队低空掠过阅兵场，据此估计伊朗空军可以升空作战的F-14数量可能在50架以上，伊朗空军宣称他有60架F-14仍然具备作战能力。伊朗航空工业公司在美国封锁的情况下，能对美制飞机进行良好维护，获得了世界航空工业同行的尊重，同时伊朗通过维护正在逐步发展自己的飞机工业，目前伊朗不但在世界上招揽飞机维修业务，目前已经成功地替一些国家进行了飞机维修，而且已经成功生产出了安140运输机和穆哈杰无人侦察机，在俄罗斯、中国、乌克兰等国协助下伊朗正在发展攻击机、教练机和直升飞机及其配套的武器系统和电子装备（其中一种超音速喷气式攻击机数年前已经成功试飞，正在进行定型考察；喷气式教练机2005年将首飞；直升飞机已经进入原型机制造阶段，一种先进战斗机方案处于设计阶段）。这也可能是伊朗目前迟迟没有采购国外战斗机的原因之一。可以预见伊朗在未来将成为世界上重要的航空工业国。 有消息来源指出伊朗目前正在对中国的FC-1进行评估，如果通过，伊朗将谋求在本国组装生产FC-1。

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原刊于：伊朗《航空工业》杂志1993年5月刊第64页
感谢铁血的小熊爸爸翻译了前三段，唯物翻译了后七段并进行了修改



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Overhauling of the 100th F-14 by the Iran aircraft industry and returning it to service with the IRIAF
伊朗航空工业公司完成了对F-14的第100架次大修，并使其重新在伊朗空军服役

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After overhauling the 100th F-14 (Tomcat) strategic fighter by the specialists of Iran aircraft industry (SAHA), and returning it to service with the IRIAF, we had a brief interview about how this important job was achieved with the engineer, Mr. Mehrdad Amiri (assistant aircraft developer at SAHA). The interview is as follows.

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    在伊朗航空工业公司的专家对F-14“雄猫”战略战斗机完成了第100架次的大修之后，我们就这一重大的工作成就对伊朗航空工业公司的航空器助理开发工程师迈哈德.阿米尔先生进行了专访。以下是专访摘要：

Q: Mr. Amiri, would you please tell us briefly on how the F-14s are being repaired? 问：阿米尔先生，请您简要地告诉我们F-14是怎样进行大修的？

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R: In the name of god the most gracious and merciful. After the great Islamic revolution which forced the western engineers and specialists (specially American specialists) to leave Iran were thought by a lot of foreign and domestic observers, that the overhauling of the Iranian F-14s would face great problems or would be impossible to be achieved by Iranian engineers and specialists. Their opinion on this matter was based on their believe, that Iranian engineers and specialists did not have the familiarity or the experience with these aircrafts, including its special hanger need or its basic repairs, especially since there was a western arms embargo imposed on Iran. But with the will of god and the hard working of the SAHA personnel and with help of our loyal engineer and specialists of IRIAF, in the year 1361 (1982-1983), the basic work on the overhauling was started.
答：伟大而仁慈的真主在上，当伟大的伊斯兰革命迫使西方的工程师和专家（特别是美国专家）离开伊朗之后，很多国内外的观察家都认为伊朗的工程师和专家们在对F-14进行大修时将遇到很大的困难，或者说根本就不可能完成这项工作。这个结论是建立在如下的理论基础上的，即“伊朗的工程师和专家们对这种飞机并不熟悉，他们不熟悉维修F-14所需的特殊的机库吊架以及对F-14的基础维修工作；此外，西方世界对伊朗进行了武器禁运，这使伊朗无法获得必须的零配件供应。”然而实际情况恰恰相反，在伟大真主的意志下，在伊朗航空工业工程师的艰苦努力，以及来自伊朗空军的工程师和专家的帮助下，在回历1361年（公历1982-1983年），大修的基本工作开始了。

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Q: Please tell us about the problems that were faces with the overhauling of F-14s in the beginning?

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问：请谈一下在大修工作开始阶段遇到的困难。

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R: The very first problem with the overhauling of F-14s, were the lack of needed engineers and specialists, overhauling packages, needed parts and tools and which the aircraft industry overcame the problem with the hard work and several years of experience in the field of aircraft repairs, and by extracting the needed information from available technical manuals and having access to plans for overhauling aircrafts. At the same time with help of our Islamic brothers and their experience from IRIAF, were called to relieve the pressure of lack of spare and tools needed for this job to be started.
答：F-14大修开始时最大的困难是缺乏工程师和专家、必须的配件和工具。经过艰苦的工作、数年飞机维修经验的积累、最大程度地从仅有的技术手册中发掘维修必须的资料信息，伊朗航空工业的工程师们开始制定大修工作的计划。同时，伊朗空军兄弟向我们提供他们的经验，这减轻了在大修工作开始阶段由于缺少配件和工具所造成的压力。

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Q: Please tell us about the steps takes in overhauling one F-14?
问：请告诉我们在对F-14进行大修时的阶段步骤

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R: In short the overhauling of one F-14 is based on a 3-stage plan. The main stage which is it self made of 22 phases would be from entering the aircraft for overhaul to returning it. The stage for repairing parts of the aircraft is separate from the first stage (which is different for each individual aircraft) and technical overhauling.

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答：简单地说，对F-14进行大修分为三个阶段。最主要的阶段是进入飞机进行大修使它重新服役的22个步骤。这包含在第一个阶段和翻修技术中（每架飞机都不一样）

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Q: Would you please tell us about the advances made in the field of heavy repairs of F-14 aircraft in Iran?
问：请您告诉我们，伊朗在大修F-14方面取得的成绩。

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R: Fortunately for us, the aircraft industry was able to focus on the need of IRIAF and to set plans for its repairing needs. It started from a slow and planned start in the year 1361 (1982-1983) and reached a proud and fast speed by the year 1371 (1992-1993). In this year several F-14s were repaired and one aircraft was finished with its overhauling and was returned to IRIAF. We hope with new years to come, that we perfect and get better in repairing the IRIAF aircrafts. Infect, with the full knowledge and the ability to fully repair any aircraft, we have announced to the IRIAF that we can repair any numbers of their aircrafts that they need. ho
答：幸运的是，伊朗的航空工业公司已经能够满足伊朗空军的需要并根据需要制定维修计划。维修F-14的计划最早起步于回历1361年（公历1982-1983），到回历1371年（公历1992-1993），我们在维修速度上取得了重大迅速的进展，在这一年我们翻修了数架F-14，其中一架完成了大修任务后当年就返回伊朗空军重新服役。我们希望在新的一年里，在维修伊朗空军飞机方面做的更好。目前我们具备了全部的技术和能力，可以修复任何飞机，我们现在已经对伊朗空军宣布，我们有能力维修任何数量的他们想要进行维修的飞机！

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Q: What self-sufficiency抯 of this aircraft have we reached?
问：我们自力更生地修理这种飞机已经达到了什么程度？

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R: In the past 10 years, the repairing of these aircrafts were a big step and very knowledgeable for us in the fields of engineering these aircrafts and with the access to the powerful computer technology, we can say with certainty that we can completely overhaul these aircrafts. Also we have taken steps in the field of overhauling chassis and frames for these aircrafts, that with the availability of the needed funding we can continue doing this. We can do the same for other aircrafts in the IRIAF inventory. Also I would like to add that not only studies but steps in the field of manufacturing spare parts for these aircrafts are on hand on a day to day basis, and we have been successful up to now in this field.
答：在过去的十年中，对我们来说，修理这些飞机使我们在机械工程学领域和高性能计算机技术方面获得了巨大的进步，我们可以肯定地说：我们已经能够彻底地翻修F-14。我们为这些飞机的翻修设定了标准，在飞机结构方面采取了措施，在飞机寿命内，我们可以保持不断的维护。同样我们也能这样维护伊朗空军清单上的其他飞机。我很高兴地补充一点：对于F-14，我们不但在研究方面，而且在配件制造方面也不断取得进展，到目前为止我们已经在F-14的配件生产方面获得了成功。

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Q: Was there any repairs done on damaged F-14s? NF
问：对于已经损坏的F-14我们也进行维修吗？

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R: Yes, in this field we received great experience and knowledge from aircraft engineering section of SAHA, that has more to do with the years of imposed war. With in-depth focus on complicated engineering feats, out factories were able to exactly copy the needed parts with basic engineering knowledge.
答：是的，在这方面我们从伊朗航空工业公司的航空工程分部获得了丰富的经验和知识，在长期的战争条件下，伊朗航空工业公司的航空工程分部已经做了很多这方面的工作。在深入地研究复杂的工程技术过程中，我们的工厂已经能在现有的基本的工程知识下，完全仿制出所需的配件。

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Q: What are the effects of American embargo on repairing our F-14s?
问：美国的禁运对我们维修F-14产生了什么影响？

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R: In the beginning we thought that we would face a lot of problems, but by doing some research and having access to spare parts received before the Islamic revolution, we came to the conclusion that with the strong spare part needs and the little spare parts available, forced us to increase our affords in manufacturing spare parts for our F-14s. In comparison to our other projects, our F-14 repair project had a lower cost.
答：在开始的时候，我们认为我们将面临许多问题，但是在进行了一些研究和得到在伊斯兰革命前获得的备件后，我们得出结论：我们面临着巨大的配件需求和很少的配件来源，这迫使我们要为F-14生产出足够的配件。相对于我们其他的项目，我们的F-14维修项目只花费了少量的经费。

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Q: What do you think the future of F-14 will be in both Iran and the world?
问：您认为伊朗和世界上的F-14的未来前景如何？

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R: It is a common knowledge that outside US Navy, Iran is the only nation operating F-14s, because US does not want to sell these birds to other nations do to the fact that this birds are very capable aircrafts. The development of this aircraft in US was excellent. Infect the fact that upgrading it. A model to the D models with greater flying and fighting capability was a great improvement. Upgrading their engines, adding more powerful radars, adding advance electronic warfare systems, upgrading to more powerful computers, modern hydraulics and adding or updating other modern equipments created aircrafts that does not have any other aircrafts that comes close to them in comparison. The changing of the aircraft to a multi-rule aircraft by US., probably shrank the market for other aircrafts.
答：众所周知，世界上除了美国海军外，伊朗是唯一使用F-14的国家，美国不想把这种飞机卖给别的国家，因为这种飞机是很优秀的。该机在美国的发展很出色。F-14还要进一步地升级。从A型到D型，飞行性能和作战能力有了巨大的提高。美国人升级了发动机，安装了更好的雷达，加装了先进的电子战系统，升级了更强劲的计算机，更现代的布局，增加升级了其他现代化的设备，在这方面没有任何飞机能和它比。美国将F-14改变为多任务飞机，可能会导致其他飞机的市场萎缩。

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Q: First I want to thank you for your time and effort in giving this interview and second I would like to ask you if there is anything else you would like to talk about on this matter before we finish this interview up?
问：首先我要感谢您花费了时间和精力来接受采访，其次在这次采访结束前我想问您还有什么需要向我们介绍？

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R: Yes, I would like to say that SAHA, with its 20 some years experience in the fields of overhauling aircrafts, their engines, and specially its specialized personnel, has become a unique industry in the middle east, and in the amount effort and work being done has placed it unique in the world as whole This is the reason that why we need to protect this great investment at all costs and that we must still continue to work on it to make it even greater. At the end I would like to thank all the technicians, engineers and all personnel who are working in Iran aircraft industry who had backed us up in the past during the imposed war.
答：是的，我很高兴地告诉大家：伊朗航空工业公司在翻修飞机方面已经有20多年的历史，他的设备特别是专业员工在中东地区是独一无二的（不包括以色列） 。他的成就和工作在全世界也是独一无二的。这就是为什么我们不惜代价地保持对他的投资，我们必须不断努力使他更加壮大。最后我要感谢所有的技术人员、工程师和在伊朗航空工业公司工作的所有员工，正是他们支持我们对付外国强加来的战争（两伊战争）。

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唯物点评：根据国际飞行等权威杂志介绍，伊朗目前已经能够自己生产大部分F-14常见部件（甚至包括部分电子部件），建立了中东地区仅次于以色列的航空工业体系 。伊朗空军制定了合理的使用计划，各飞行中队中20%的F-14作为储备，定期进行轮换，保证每架飞机能得到充分的轮换机会，同时每架飞机的飞行时数得到平均。飞行员要协助技术人员为处于储备期间的每架F-14制定维修计划，这使得飞机能得到精良科学的维护，使得每架飞机的寿命得到延长。1994年，伊朗空军在阅兵式上F-14以25架的庞大密集编队低空掠过阅兵场，据此估计伊朗空军可以升空作战的F-14数量可能在50架以上，伊朗空军宣称他有60架F-14仍然具备作战能力。伊朗航空工业公司在美国封锁的情况下，能对美制飞机进行良好维护，获得了世界航空工业同行的尊重，同时伊朗通过维护正在逐步发展自己的飞机工业，目前伊朗不但在世界上招揽飞机维修业务，目前已经成功地替一些国家进行了飞机维修，而且已经成功生产出了安140运输机和穆哈杰无人侦察机，在俄罗斯、中国、乌克兰等国协助下伊朗正在发展攻击机、教练机和直升飞机及其配套的武器系统和电子装备（其中一种超音速喷气式攻击机数年前已经成功试飞，正在进行定型考察；喷气式教练机2005年将首飞；直升飞机已经进入原型机制造阶段，一种先进战斗机方案处于设计阶段）。这也可能是伊朗目前迟迟没有采购国外战斗机的原因之一。可以预见伊朗在未来将成为世界上重要的航空工业国。 有消息来源指出伊朗目前正在对中国的FC-1进行评估，如果通过，伊朗将谋求在本国组装生产FC-1。

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[此贴子已经被作者于2004-12-11 12:50:28编辑过]