超级军网紧急翻译国之机密Low-Frequency Active (LFA)
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Low-Frequency Active (LFA)
The U.S. Navy plans to deploy a new submarine detection system, known as Low Frequency Active Sonar (LFA), throughout 80% of the world's oceans. LFA is based on the fact that very low frequency sound [100-1000 Hz] can travel great distances and detect quiet submarines. The LFA system uses intense sound, reportedly at levels in the range of 235 decibels or greater [the Navy has given a figure of 160 dB at about 2 km from the LFA] generated by massive sound transmitters towed behind TAGOS-class ships.
Current passive SURTASS towed array sonars are limited in their capability to detect quiet submarines. Thus research has been going on for some time in the area of low frequency active (LFA) towed array sonar. LFA offers the potential for TAGOS ships to make longer range detections of quiet submarines.
The shallow-water acoustics problem has risen in importance due to the increased salience of regional conflicts where the US Navy may to encounter slow, diesel submarines close to shore. The shallow-water, slow submarine is significantly more difficult to detect and classify acoustically than the cold war threat, due to the complex propagation, high clutter, and low target Doppler. Effective sonar performance requires new processing algorithms which cannot be implemented on current Naval platforms due the high processing requirements. A Hybrid Digital/Optical Processor (HyDOP) is to demonstrate the feasibility of using embedded scalable high performance digital and optical processing to solve this problem. This requires application of computationally intensive algorithms which cannot be implemented in real time using conventional processors. A high-speed optical correlator being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) will act as a coprocessor to an Intel Paragon XP/S-25 computer.
LFA has been under development for more than a decade, and has been tested perhaps 25 times in several oceans since 1988. The Navy has already tested LFA for over 7,500 hours. IOT&E of LFA was completed in October 1992, in the Gulf of Alaska, testing an engineering development model (EDM) of the LFA system installed in a converted, monohull research vessel. COMOPTEVFOR found the SURTASS LFA system potentially operationally effective and potentially operationally suitable.
BBN has developed the ARTS array vehicle concept specifically to address the formidable problems of low-frequency active sonar sources. The array creates a dish shaped pattern of very loud, low frequency, variable broadband sound (235 dB re 1 礟a @ 100-1000 Hz) that reaches out roughly 100 miles. The towed array is deployed about 100 meters deep at three knots, pulsing on a 10% duty cycle. In recent experiments, Low-Frequency Active (LFA) system has detected submarines at long ranges. The first LFA ship, TAGOS 23, is under construction. Four dedicated vessels are planned, divided between the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets In the interim, a leased ship, Cory Chouest, is being used as a fleet asset to test and validate LFA technologies. In addition, compact acoustic source technologies are under development that will provide a 50% reduction in weight and power requirements. Successful maturing of these technologies will allow LFA-type arrays to be deployed from existing TAGOS 19-class vessels.
Critics of LFA, such as the Natural Resources Defense Council [NRDC], charge that it will expose marine mammals to noise pollution at a level 200 billion times greater than that which is known to disturb them. Several years ago the $40 million acoustic thermometry of ocean climate (ATOC) program of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA proposed to operate a low frequency underwater sound source in the heart of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Although ATOC proposed to generate noise at a level of only 195 decibels, NRDC successfully intervened to stop this research program pending further study of the effects of low-frequency sound on marine mammals. The Navy has agreed to NRDC's request that an EIS be prepared for the LFA program. The LFA Draft Environmental Impact Statement is due in August 1997, and is being written by the contractor for the system. The American Oceans Campaign has been working in coalition with a number of other environmental groups to keep tabs on government and industry underwater sound generation.Low-Frequency Active (LFA)
The U.S. Navy plans to deploy a new submarine detection system, known as Low Frequency Active Sonar (LFA), throughout 80% of the world's oceans. LFA is based on the fact that very low frequency sound [100-1000 Hz] can travel great distances and detect quiet submarines. The LFA system uses intense sound, reportedly at levels in the range of 235 decibels or greater [the Navy has given a figure of 160 dB at about 2 km from the LFA] generated by massive sound transmitters towed behind TAGOS-class ships.
Current passive SURTASS towed array sonars are limited in their capability to detect quiet submarines. Thus research has been going on for some time in the area of low frequency active (LFA) towed array sonar. LFA offers the potential for TAGOS ships to make longer range detections of quiet submarines.
The shallow-water acoustics problem has risen in importance due to the increased salience of regional conflicts where the US Navy may to encounter slow, diesel submarines close to shore. The shallow-water, slow submarine is significantly more difficult to detect and classify acoustically than the cold war threat, due to the complex propagation, high clutter, and low target Doppler. Effective sonar performance requires new processing algorithms which cannot be implemented on current Naval platforms due the high processing requirements. A Hybrid Digital/Optical Processor (HyDOP) is to demonstrate the feasibility of using embedded scalable high performance digital and optical processing to solve this problem. This requires application of computationally intensive algorithms which cannot be implemented in real time using conventional processors. A high-speed optical correlator being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) will act as a coprocessor to an Intel Paragon XP/S-25 computer.
LFA has been under development for more than a decade, and has been tested perhaps 25 times in several oceans since 1988. The Navy has already tested LFA for over 7,500 hours. IOT&E of LFA was completed in October 1992, in the Gulf of Alaska, testing an engineering development model (EDM) of the LFA system installed in a converted, monohull research vessel. COMOPTEVFOR found the SURTASS LFA system potentially operationally effective and potentially operationally suitable.
BBN has developed the ARTS array vehicle concept specifically to address the formidable problems of low-frequency active sonar sources. The array creates a dish shaped pattern of very loud, low frequency, variable broadband sound (235 dB re 1 礟a @ 100-1000 Hz) that reaches out roughly 100 miles. The towed array is deployed about 100 meters deep at three knots, pulsing on a 10% duty cycle. In recent experiments, Low-Frequency Active (LFA) system has detected submarines at long ranges. The first LFA ship, TAGOS 23, is under construction. Four dedicated vessels are planned, divided between the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets In the interim, a leased ship, Cory Chouest, is being used as a fleet asset to test and validate LFA technologies. In addition, compact acoustic source technologies are under development that will provide a 50% reduction in weight and power requirements. Successful maturing of these technologies will allow LFA-type arrays to be deployed from existing TAGOS 19-class vessels.
Critics of LFA, such as the Natural Resources Defense Council [NRDC], charge that it will expose marine mammals to noise pollution at a level 200 billion times greater than that which is known to disturb them. Several years ago the $40 million acoustic thermometry of ocean climate (ATOC) program of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA proposed to operate a low frequency underwater sound source in the heart of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Although ATOC proposed to generate noise at a level of only 195 decibels, NRDC successfully intervened to stop this research program pending further study of the effects of low-frequency sound on marine mammals. The Navy has agreed to NRDC's request that an EIS be prepared for the LFA program. The LFA Draft Environmental Impact Statement is due in August 1997, and is being written by the contractor for the system. The American Oceans Campaign has been working in coalition with a number of other environmental groups to keep tabs on government and industry underwater sound generation.
The U.S. Navy plans to deploy a new submarine detection system, known as Low Frequency Active Sonar (LFA), throughout 80% of the world's oceans. LFA is based on the fact that very low frequency sound [100-1000 Hz] can travel great distances and detect quiet submarines. The LFA system uses intense sound, reportedly at levels in the range of 235 decibels or greater [the Navy has given a figure of 160 dB at about 2 km from the LFA] generated by massive sound transmitters towed behind TAGOS-class ships.
Current passive SURTASS towed array sonars are limited in their capability to detect quiet submarines. Thus research has been going on for some time in the area of low frequency active (LFA) towed array sonar. LFA offers the potential for TAGOS ships to make longer range detections of quiet submarines.
The shallow-water acoustics problem has risen in importance due to the increased salience of regional conflicts where the US Navy may to encounter slow, diesel submarines close to shore. The shallow-water, slow submarine is significantly more difficult to detect and classify acoustically than the cold war threat, due to the complex propagation, high clutter, and low target Doppler. Effective sonar performance requires new processing algorithms which cannot be implemented on current Naval platforms due the high processing requirements. A Hybrid Digital/Optical Processor (HyDOP) is to demonstrate the feasibility of using embedded scalable high performance digital and optical processing to solve this problem. This requires application of computationally intensive algorithms which cannot be implemented in real time using conventional processors. A high-speed optical correlator being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) will act as a coprocessor to an Intel Paragon XP/S-25 computer.
LFA has been under development for more than a decade, and has been tested perhaps 25 times in several oceans since 1988. The Navy has already tested LFA for over 7,500 hours. IOT&E of LFA was completed in October 1992, in the Gulf of Alaska, testing an engineering development model (EDM) of the LFA system installed in a converted, monohull research vessel. COMOPTEVFOR found the SURTASS LFA system potentially operationally effective and potentially operationally suitable.
BBN has developed the ARTS array vehicle concept specifically to address the formidable problems of low-frequency active sonar sources. The array creates a dish shaped pattern of very loud, low frequency, variable broadband sound (235 dB re 1 礟a @ 100-1000 Hz) that reaches out roughly 100 miles. The towed array is deployed about 100 meters deep at three knots, pulsing on a 10% duty cycle. In recent experiments, Low-Frequency Active (LFA) system has detected submarines at long ranges. The first LFA ship, TAGOS 23, is under construction. Four dedicated vessels are planned, divided between the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets In the interim, a leased ship, Cory Chouest, is being used as a fleet asset to test and validate LFA technologies. In addition, compact acoustic source technologies are under development that will provide a 50% reduction in weight and power requirements. Successful maturing of these technologies will allow LFA-type arrays to be deployed from existing TAGOS 19-class vessels.
Critics of LFA, such as the Natural Resources Defense Council [NRDC], charge that it will expose marine mammals to noise pollution at a level 200 billion times greater than that which is known to disturb them. Several years ago the $40 million acoustic thermometry of ocean climate (ATOC) program of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA proposed to operate a low frequency underwater sound source in the heart of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Although ATOC proposed to generate noise at a level of only 195 decibels, NRDC successfully intervened to stop this research program pending further study of the effects of low-frequency sound on marine mammals. The Navy has agreed to NRDC's request that an EIS be prepared for the LFA program. The LFA Draft Environmental Impact Statement is due in August 1997, and is being written by the contractor for the system. The American Oceans Campaign has been working in coalition with a number of other environmental groups to keep tabs on government and industry underwater sound generation.Low-Frequency Active (LFA)
The U.S. Navy plans to deploy a new submarine detection system, known as Low Frequency Active Sonar (LFA), throughout 80% of the world's oceans. LFA is based on the fact that very low frequency sound [100-1000 Hz] can travel great distances and detect quiet submarines. The LFA system uses intense sound, reportedly at levels in the range of 235 decibels or greater [the Navy has given a figure of 160 dB at about 2 km from the LFA] generated by massive sound transmitters towed behind TAGOS-class ships.
Current passive SURTASS towed array sonars are limited in their capability to detect quiet submarines. Thus research has been going on for some time in the area of low frequency active (LFA) towed array sonar. LFA offers the potential for TAGOS ships to make longer range detections of quiet submarines.
The shallow-water acoustics problem has risen in importance due to the increased salience of regional conflicts where the US Navy may to encounter slow, diesel submarines close to shore. The shallow-water, slow submarine is significantly more difficult to detect and classify acoustically than the cold war threat, due to the complex propagation, high clutter, and low target Doppler. Effective sonar performance requires new processing algorithms which cannot be implemented on current Naval platforms due the high processing requirements. A Hybrid Digital/Optical Processor (HyDOP) is to demonstrate the feasibility of using embedded scalable high performance digital and optical processing to solve this problem. This requires application of computationally intensive algorithms which cannot be implemented in real time using conventional processors. A high-speed optical correlator being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) will act as a coprocessor to an Intel Paragon XP/S-25 computer.
LFA has been under development for more than a decade, and has been tested perhaps 25 times in several oceans since 1988. The Navy has already tested LFA for over 7,500 hours. IOT&E of LFA was completed in October 1992, in the Gulf of Alaska, testing an engineering development model (EDM) of the LFA system installed in a converted, monohull research vessel. COMOPTEVFOR found the SURTASS LFA system potentially operationally effective and potentially operationally suitable.
BBN has developed the ARTS array vehicle concept specifically to address the formidable problems of low-frequency active sonar sources. The array creates a dish shaped pattern of very loud, low frequency, variable broadband sound (235 dB re 1 礟a @ 100-1000 Hz) that reaches out roughly 100 miles. The towed array is deployed about 100 meters deep at three knots, pulsing on a 10% duty cycle. In recent experiments, Low-Frequency Active (LFA) system has detected submarines at long ranges. The first LFA ship, TAGOS 23, is under construction. Four dedicated vessels are planned, divided between the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets In the interim, a leased ship, Cory Chouest, is being used as a fleet asset to test and validate LFA technologies. In addition, compact acoustic source technologies are under development that will provide a 50% reduction in weight and power requirements. Successful maturing of these technologies will allow LFA-type arrays to be deployed from existing TAGOS 19-class vessels.
Critics of LFA, such as the Natural Resources Defense Council [NRDC], charge that it will expose marine mammals to noise pollution at a level 200 billion times greater than that which is known to disturb them. Several years ago the $40 million acoustic thermometry of ocean climate (ATOC) program of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA proposed to operate a low frequency underwater sound source in the heart of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Although ATOC proposed to generate noise at a level of only 195 decibels, NRDC successfully intervened to stop this research program pending further study of the effects of low-frequency sound on marine mammals. The Navy has agreed to NRDC's request that an EIS be prepared for the LFA program. The LFA Draft Environmental Impact Statement is due in August 1997, and is being written by the contractor for the system. The American Oceans Campaign has been working in coalition with a number of other environmental groups to keep tabs on government and industry underwater sound generation.
老鼠你发这些鸡肠子干吗？你杂谈粪网也这样发的吗？那些大粪们看的懂吗？顺便问下。见到我儿子了吗？他今天刚从疯人院跑出来
自用，哪位高手译译
杂谈没人帮你吗:o
主动低频声纳……
首先强烈谴责金山快译:@ 其次让大家一起谴责:D
低周波的活跃的 (LFA)
在世界的 80% 的大海各处, 美国海军计划部署一个新的海中发现系统, 即是低的频率活跃的声纳 (LFA) 。LFA 以事实「非常低的频率声音 [100-1000个赫兹] 能旅行棒的距离而且发现安静的潜水艇」为基础。 LFA 系统使用强烈的声音, 根据传说在多种的 235个分贝中的水平或者比较棒的 [海军已经在来自 LFA 的大约 2 公里提供一个 160个分贝的身材] 被在 TAGOS-班级的船后面被拖的巨大健全的发射器产生。
拖排列声纳的现在消极的 SURTASS 在他们的能力方面被限制发现安静的潜水艇。 如此研究一直在低频率活跃的 (LFA) 被拖的排列声纳的区域中继续有一些时间之久。 LFA 提供潜能让 TAGOS 船使较长的范围成为安静潜水艇的发现。
由于地方冲突的增加显着水浅的地方-水的音响学问题已经在重要性浮现美国海军可能哪里慢地遇到, 柴油接近地用潜水艇攻击支撑。水浅的地方水, 慢的潜水艇重要地是更困难的听觉地发现而且分类超过冷战威胁, 由于复杂的增殖，高混杂, 和低点目标都普勒。 有效的声纳表现需要不能够在处理需求的现在的海军月台应得的东西高度上被实现的新的处理运算法则。 一个混合的数传/光学的处理器 (HyDOP) 将示范使用植入的可攀登的高表现数传和光学的处理解决这一个问题的可行性。 这需要不能够在真正的时间内被使用传统的处理器实现的计算强烈运算法则的申请。 被海军研究实验室 (NRL) 发展的一个高速的光学相关器将会担任对英代尔样板来说的一个共处理器 XP/S-25 计算机。
LFA 已经在发展之下超过一十年, 而且自从 1988 以后就在一些大海中已经被也许测试 25 次。 海军已经测试 LFA 了为在 7,500 小时内。在安拉斯加州的波斯湾, LFA 的 IOT&E 在 1992 年十月被完成了, 尝试被安装的一个 LFA 的工程发展模型 (EDM) 系统在一转换, monohull 研究船。 COMOPTEVFOR 发现 SURTASS LFA 系统可能操作有效和可能操作适当。
BBN 已经明确地发展 ARTS 排列车辆观念提出低周波活跃的声纳来源的强大问题。排列产生被成形式样的一个盘子非常高声地, 低的频率, 变数宽频声音 (235个分贝关于 1 礟一 @100-1000个赫兹) 哪一概略地到达出 100 里。 被拖的排列在三个结被部署大约 100 公尺深处,在一个 10% 责任周期上跳动。 在最近的实验方面，低周波的活跃 (LFA) 系统已经在长的范围发现潜水艇。 第一个 LFA 船, TAGOS 23,正在建构中。 四艘热衷的船被计画,在中间时期、一艘被出租的船中在大西洋和太平洋之间分开舰队了, Cory 周,正在被当做一个快速的资产用测试而且使 LFA 技术有效。 除此之外，紧凑的听觉来源技术在将会在重量和力量需求中提供 50% 减少的发展之下。 这些技术的成功的成熟将会让 LFA-类型的排列从现有的 TAGOS 19 班级的船被部署。
LFA 的批评家,当做天然的资源防卫议会 [NRDC] 是如此的, 公开指责它将会暴露海产的哺乳动物谣传污染在一消除比那一哪一个被知道扰乱他们大二千亿次。 一些年以前在 La Jolla 的海洋学的 Scripps 机构的大海气候 (ATOC) 计画的 $ 四千万元的听觉计温, 加州计划在蒙德勒海湾的心国立海产的庇护所中操作低的频率在水中的健全来源。 虽然 ATOC 计划在一个只有 195个分贝的水平产生噪音, 但是， NRDC 成功地干涉当低周波声音对海产的哺乳动物的效果的更高深的研究时候停止这研究计画。 海军已经同意 NRDC 的请求 EIS 被准备 LFA 计画。 LFA 起草环境的冲击陈述在 1997 年八月是适当的, 而且被为系统被承包商写。 美国大海活动一直以一些其他的环境小组在联盟中工作把定位键留在政府和工业上在水中的健全世代
低周波的活跃的 (LFA)
在世界的 80% 的大海各处, 美国海军计划部署一个新的海中发现系统, 即是低的频率活跃的声纳 (LFA) 。LFA 以事实「非常低的频率声音 [100-1000个赫兹] 能旅行棒的距离而且发现安静的潜水艇」为基础。 LFA 系统使用强烈的声音, 根据传说在多种的 235个分贝中的水平或者比较棒的 [海军已经在来自 LFA 的大约 2 公里提供一个 160个分贝的身材] 被在 TAGOS-班级的船后面被拖的巨大健全的发射器产生。
拖排列声纳的现在消极的 SURTASS 在他们的能力方面被限制发现安静的潜水艇。 如此研究一直在低频率活跃的 (LFA) 被拖的排列声纳的区域中继续有一些时间之久。 LFA 提供潜能让 TAGOS 船使较长的范围成为安静潜水艇的发现。
由于地方冲突的增加显着水浅的地方-水的音响学问题已经在重要性浮现美国海军可能哪里慢地遇到, 柴油接近地用潜水艇攻击支撑。水浅的地方水, 慢的潜水艇重要地是更困难的听觉地发现而且分类超过冷战威胁, 由于复杂的增殖，高混杂, 和低点目标都普勒。 有效的声纳表现需要不能够在处理需求的现在的海军月台应得的东西高度上被实现的新的处理运算法则。 一个混合的数传/光学的处理器 (HyDOP) 将示范使用植入的可攀登的高表现数传和光学的处理解决这一个问题的可行性。 这需要不能够在真正的时间内被使用传统的处理器实现的计算强烈运算法则的申请。 被海军研究实验室 (NRL) 发展的一个高速的光学相关器将会担任对英代尔样板来说的一个共处理器 XP/S-25 计算机。
LFA 已经在发展之下超过一十年, 而且自从 1988 以后就在一些大海中已经被也许测试 25 次。 海军已经测试 LFA 了为在 7,500 小时内。在安拉斯加州的波斯湾, LFA 的 IOT&E 在 1992 年十月被完成了, 尝试被安装的一个 LFA 的工程发展模型 (EDM) 系统在一转换, monohull 研究船。 COMOPTEVFOR 发现 SURTASS LFA 系统可能操作有效和可能操作适当。
BBN 已经明确地发展 ARTS 排列车辆观念提出低周波活跃的声纳来源的强大问题。排列产生被成形式样的一个盘子非常高声地, 低的频率, 变数宽频声音 (235个分贝关于 1 礟一 @100-1000个赫兹) 哪一概略地到达出 100 里。 被拖的排列在三个结被部署大约 100 公尺深处,在一个 10% 责任周期上跳动。 在最近的实验方面，低周波的活跃 (LFA) 系统已经在长的范围发现潜水艇。 第一个 LFA 船, TAGOS 23,正在建构中。 四艘热衷的船被计画,在中间时期、一艘被出租的船中在大西洋和太平洋之间分开舰队了, Cory 周,正在被当做一个快速的资产用测试而且使 LFA 技术有效。 除此之外，紧凑的听觉来源技术在将会在重量和力量需求中提供 50% 减少的发展之下。 这些技术的成功的成熟将会让 LFA-类型的排列从现有的 TAGOS 19 班级的船被部署。
LFA 的批评家,当做天然的资源防卫议会 [NRDC] 是如此的, 公开指责它将会暴露海产的哺乳动物谣传污染在一消除比那一哪一个被知道扰乱他们大二千亿次。 一些年以前在 La Jolla 的海洋学的 Scripps 机构的大海气候 (ATOC) 计画的 $ 四千万元的听觉计温, 加州计划在蒙德勒海湾的心国立海产的庇护所中操作低的频率在水中的健全来源。 虽然 ATOC 计划在一个只有 195个分贝的水平产生噪音, 但是， NRDC 成功地干涉当低周波声音对海产的哺乳动物的效果的更高深的研究时候停止这研究计画。 海军已经同意 NRDC 的请求 EIS 被准备 LFA 计画。 LFA 起草环境的冲击陈述在 1997 年八月是适当的, 而且被为系统被承包商写。 美国大海活动一直以一些其他的环境小组在联盟中工作把定位键留在政府和工业上在水中的健全世代
这个我最专业，本人水声工程声纳传感器博士毕业!
他给的发射声源级235dB,如果在-3dB内带宽100-1000Hz的话，美国人还是做得不错的，没有看到具体的图,阵的大小,换能器类型都不太清楚,其实参考价值不大!我觉得，个人意见!
他给的发射声源级235dB,如果在-3dB内带宽100-1000Hz的话，美国人还是做得不错的，没有看到具体的图,阵的大小,换能器类型都不太清楚,其实参考价值不大!我觉得，个人意见!
带宽100-1000Hz,3个倍频程,还是比较可以的,还得看看声纳阵的大小，如果太大，意义也不是很大了!