翻译-【航空周刊】中航把J31作为出口战机推介

今天在“风言风语”兄的帖子上看到这篇文章的链接，特熬夜翻译之好让大家看的舒服点，不足之处请指出。
原文地址http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_11_19_2012_p26-517474.xml&p=1
附翻译
As much as the resources wielded by the Chinese state aerospace industry impress outsiders these days, few could have expected that one of the companies in the sector would want to produce a stealth fighter on its own account.
最近，中航工业通过许多掌握的信息给外界的留下印象是，你很难期待中航下属的某个部门打算制造一款隐身战斗机。
But that is just what Shenyang Aircraft wants to do. Equally surprisingly, the Chinese air force is turning its nose up at the result. What looks like a thoroughly modern stealth fighter is apparently not good enough to serve as China's next medium-weight combat aircraft.
但是，这就是沈飞想要干的。同样令人惊奇的是，中国空军---（不会翻）。看起来完全是现代化的隐形战斗机显然不足以成为中国下一代重型战斗机
After three evidently staged appearances of the real aircraft this year, Avic displayed a model at Airshow China in Zhuhai last week, displaying the fighter that is unofficially called the J-31 and known to come from Shenyang. The aircraft is being developed “for the international defense market,” says Avic.
今年，这款真实的战斗机跨过三个明显阶段后，中航上周在珠海航展上展示了一个模型，显示这款被出自沈飞被非正式地称为J31的战斗机，是面向国际防务市场开发的。
The model was labeled as a concept fighter, but it showed few if any differences from the real aircraft that appeared first under wraps on a truck in June, then being pulled around an airfield in September and, finally, on Oct. 31, in the air, prominently numbered “31001” and possibly making its first flight. It is clear, then, that the project has transcended the concept stage.
这个模型标示为一款概念战斗机，但是模型和今年7月被包裹起来在公路上运输，以及9月在一个机场被牵出来遛弯，10月31日被涂上“31001”可能是首飞的真是的战斗机的样机没有多少差别。很明显，这是一个超越概念战斗机阶段的项目。
The aircraft has been designed to deliver a highly stealthy configuration at low cost, with a heavy weapons load capability over a wide combat radius, says Avic. The model is a single-seat, twin-tail, twin-engine aircraft with a high wing, like the real aircraft seen in unattributed photographs on the Internet. As described at the show, the fighter has a typical takeoff weight of 17.5 metric tons, is 16.9 meters (55.5 ft.) long and 4.8 meters high with a wingspan of 11.5 meters.
中航称，这款战斗机被设计成具有高度隐身能力但是低成本战斗机，具有一个重型弹仓和宽广的作战半径。这个模型具有单座、双垂尾、双发，就像网络照片上的那架真飞机一样。就像航展上说的，这款战斗机起飞重量17.5吨，16.9米长，4.8米高，翼展11.5米。
The aircraft that flew last month has two Klimov RD-93 engines, which project engineers do not regard as sufficiently powerful, industry executives say. As fitted to the JF-17 (or FC-1) single-engine export fighter from Shenyang's rival, Chengdu Aircraft, the RD-93 produces 19,000 lb. thrust. Regardless of the RD-93's power, Shenyang needs a Chinese engine if it is to avoid Russia holding a veto over J-31 sales. Judging from photographs of the prototype, the nacelles may be designed for engines larger in diameter than the RD-93, a derivative of the MiG-29's RD-33. The alternative may be the reported WS-13 Taishan from the Guizhou plant of propulsion specialist Avic Engine.
工程师称这款上个月首飞的战斗机装备两个被认为推力不足的卡里莫夫RD-93发动机。这款发动机同样装备在沈飞的竞争对手成飞的单发出口型JF-17(FC-1)上，能长生19000磅的推力。且不说RD-93的推力，如果想避免毛子卡脖子，沈飞需要一款中国自己的发动机。根据原型机的站片判断，发动机舱可能是设计成能够装下直径比RD-93大的发动机，另一个选择可能是装备据报贵行生产的WS-13泰山发动机。
Avic says the J-31 has a combat radius of 1,250 km (780 mi.) on internal fuel or 2,000 km with external tanks. Maximum speed is Mach 1.8, takeoff distance is 400 meters and its landing distance 600 meters.
中航称J31机内燃油的作战半径是1250km，带外挂的作战半径是2000km，最大速度1.8M，起飞距离400米，着落距离600米。
“Operational effectiveness will be higher than current or upgraded fourth-generation fighters or almost equivalent to typical fifth-generation,” says Avic. The reference to fifth-generation aircraft presumably indicates the Lockheed Martin F-22 and F-35.
The J-31 is known to come from Shenyang because the company displayed a flyable model of a similar fighter last year with the designation F-60 and because a wrapped object that was presumably the real aircraft was trucked in June from Shenyang to Xian, where China has a flight-test center.
中航称：“操纵性能将比目前或改进后的第四代战斗机高，几乎等同于典型的五代机”。据推测，这些指标的参照物是骡马的F22和F35。说J31是出自沈飞是因为沈飞去年展示了一个相似的名叫F60的模型，以及7月一个推测是飞机包裹被公路运输到西安，哪里有一个飞行测试中心。
The designation “J-31” may be no more valid than the widely assumed but unconfirmed moniker “J-20” applied to a larger fighter from the Chengdu fighter works. The Shenyang aircraft is also sometimes called J-21—again, without any certain validity. The J-20 was revealed in late 2010 and appears to have made its first flight in January 2011. It was not promoted at Zhuhai.
J31可能没有那个被广泛认为但未被正式的J20的项目正当，沈飞的项目有时被称为J21，没有任何官方认可。J20是在2010年底披露出来的，貌似2011年1月首飞，他没有在珠海航展推介。
And therein lies a key piece of evidence of the status of the J-31. The J-20 was not at Zhuhai because it is not for sale and because China does not want to reveal too much about it. It is intended for the Chinese air force.
J31的进展境况显示了一个假象。J20没去珠海是因为他不是为了出口，因为中国不想披露更多细节，他可能专为中国空军研制的。
Conversely, because the J-31 was exhibited at Zhuhai and is promoted as an export product, the Chinese air force obviously does not want it. Early production of a fighter intended for Chinese service would be reserved for the air force, as has been Chengdu's J-10, the current Chinese medium-weight fighter.
相反，因为J31在珠海参展而被被认为是个出口产品，中国空军明显不想要他。像J10一样，一款战斗机的较早批次产品尝尝服务空军。
Why, then, has Shenyang developed it? There are a few possibilities. It could be a technology demonstrator funded by the military, one that the company's management thinks has good potential for full development as an operational fighter.
那么，为什么沈飞为什么开发他呢，有几种肯能性，他可能是军方自主的技术验证项目，以便于使完全开发的战斗机项目有更好的前景。
Alternatively, it could be an internally funded program for the export market, as the company seems to suggest, encouraged by the knowledge that not all countries have access to Western fighters. The J-31 would mainly be a competitor to Russian fighters—though Shenyang might also be calculating that buyers of Western equipment will want more choice as some U.S. and European types go out of production over the next decade or two. Importantly, the Chinese fighter should be cheap, as the JF-17 is, while offering at least the prestige of stealth technology.
另一种可能性是，受到不是所有国家都能够获得西方战斗机的境况的鼓励，就像沈飞想表达的那样，他是一个为了出口的自主开发项目。J31主要是毛子战斗机的竞争者，尽管沈飞可能算计着再过10年20年，购买西方战斗机的国家希望有更多的具备美国和欧洲战斗机。

今天在“风言风语”兄的帖子上看到这篇文章的链接，特熬夜翻译之好让大家看的舒服点，不足之处请指出。
原文地址http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_11_19_2012_p26-517474.xml&p=1
附翻译
As much as the resources wielded by the Chinese state aerospace industry impress outsiders these days, few could have expected that one of the companies in the sector would want to produce a stealth fighter on its own account.
最近，中航工业通过许多掌握的信息给外界的留下印象是，你很难期待中航下属的某个部门打算制造一款隐身战斗机。
But that is just what Shenyang Aircraft wants to do. Equally surprisingly, the Chinese air force is turning its nose up at the result. What looks like a thoroughly modern stealth fighter is apparently not good enough to serve as China's next medium-weight combat aircraft.
但是，这就是沈飞想要干的。同样令人惊奇的是，中国空军---（不会翻）。看起来完全是现代化的隐形战斗机显然不足以成为中国下一代重型战斗机
After three evidently staged appearances of the real aircraft this year, Avic displayed a model at Airshow China in Zhuhai last week, displaying the fighter that is unofficially called the J-31 and known to come from Shenyang. The aircraft is being developed “for the international defense market,” says Avic.
今年，这款真实的战斗机跨过三个明显阶段后，中航上周在珠海航展上展示了一个模型，显示这款被出自沈飞被非正式地称为J31的战斗机，是面向国际防务市场开发的。
The model was labeled as a concept fighter, but it showed few if any differences from the real aircraft that appeared first under wraps on a truck in June, then being pulled around an airfield in September and, finally, on Oct. 31, in the air, prominently numbered “31001” and possibly making its first flight. It is clear, then, that the project has transcended the concept stage.
这个模型标示为一款概念战斗机，但是模型和今年7月被包裹起来在公路上运输，以及9月在一个机场被牵出来遛弯，10月31日被涂上“31001”可能是首飞的真是的战斗机的样机没有多少差别。很明显，这是一个超越概念战斗机阶段的项目。
The aircraft has been designed to deliver a highly stealthy configuration at low cost, with a heavy weapons load capability over a wide combat radius, says Avic. The model is a single-seat, twin-tail, twin-engine aircraft with a high wing, like the real aircraft seen in unattributed photographs on the Internet. As described at the show, the fighter has a typical takeoff weight of 17.5 metric tons, is 16.9 meters (55.5 ft.) long and 4.8 meters high with a wingspan of 11.5 meters.
中航称，这款战斗机被设计成具有高度隐身能力但是低成本战斗机，具有一个重型弹仓和宽广的作战半径。这个模型具有单座、双垂尾、双发，就像网络照片上的那架真飞机一样。就像航展上说的，这款战斗机起飞重量17.5吨，16.9米长，4.8米高，翼展11.5米。
The aircraft that flew last month has two Klimov RD-93 engines, which project engineers do not regard as sufficiently powerful, industry executives say. As fitted to the JF-17 (or FC-1) single-engine export fighter from Shenyang's rival, Chengdu Aircraft, the RD-93 produces 19,000 lb. thrust. Regardless of the RD-93's power, Shenyang needs a Chinese engine if it is to avoid Russia holding a veto over J-31 sales. Judging from photographs of the prototype, the nacelles may be designed for engines larger in diameter than the RD-93, a derivative of the MiG-29's RD-33. The alternative may be the reported WS-13 Taishan from the Guizhou plant of propulsion specialist Avic Engine.
工程师称这款上个月首飞的战斗机装备两个被认为推力不足的卡里莫夫RD-93发动机。这款发动机同样装备在沈飞的竞争对手成飞的单发出口型JF-17(FC-1)上，能长生19000磅的推力。且不说RD-93的推力，如果想避免毛子卡脖子，沈飞需要一款中国自己的发动机。根据原型机的站片判断，发动机舱可能是设计成能够装下直径比RD-93大的发动机，另一个选择可能是装备据报贵行生产的WS-13泰山发动机。
Avic says the J-31 has a combat radius of 1,250 km (780 mi.) on internal fuel or 2,000 km with external tanks. Maximum speed is Mach 1.8, takeoff distance is 400 meters and its landing distance 600 meters.
中航称J31机内燃油的作战半径是1250km，带外挂的作战半径是2000km，最大速度1.8M，起飞距离400米，着落距离600米。
“Operational effectiveness will be higher than current or upgraded fourth-generation fighters or almost equivalent to typical fifth-generation,” says Avic. The reference to fifth-generation aircraft presumably indicates the Lockheed Martin F-22 and F-35.
The J-31 is known to come from Shenyang because the company displayed a flyable model of a similar fighter last year with the designation F-60 and because a wrapped object that was presumably the real aircraft was trucked in June from Shenyang to Xian, where China has a flight-test center.
中航称：“操纵性能将比目前或改进后的第四代战斗机高，几乎等同于典型的五代机”。据推测，这些指标的参照物是骡马的F22和F35。说J31是出自沈飞是因为沈飞去年展示了一个相似的名叫F60的模型，以及7月一个推测是飞机包裹被公路运输到西安，哪里有一个飞行测试中心。
The designation “J-31” may be no more valid than the widely assumed but unconfirmed moniker “J-20” applied to a larger fighter from the Chengdu fighter works. The Shenyang aircraft is also sometimes called J-21—again, without any certain validity. The J-20 was revealed in late 2010 and appears to have made its first flight in January 2011. It was not promoted at Zhuhai.
J31可能没有那个被广泛认为但未被正式的J20的项目正当，沈飞的项目有时被称为J21，没有任何官方认可。J20是在2010年底披露出来的，貌似2011年1月首飞，他没有在珠海航展推介。
And therein lies a key piece of evidence of the status of the J-31. The J-20 was not at Zhuhai because it is not for sale and because China does not want to reveal too much about it. It is intended for the Chinese air force.
J31的进展境况显示了一个假象。J20没去珠海是因为他不是为了出口，因为中国不想披露更多细节，他可能专为中国空军研制的。
Conversely, because the J-31 was exhibited at Zhuhai and is promoted as an export product, the Chinese air force obviously does not want it. Early production of a fighter intended for Chinese service would be reserved for the air force, as has been Chengdu's J-10, the current Chinese medium-weight fighter.
相反，因为J31在珠海参展而被被认为是个出口产品，中国空军明显不想要他。像J10一样，一款战斗机的较早批次产品尝尝服务空军。
Why, then, has Shenyang developed it? There are a few possibilities. It could be a technology demonstrator funded by the military, one that the company's management thinks has good potential for full development as an operational fighter.
那么，为什么沈飞为什么开发他呢，有几种肯能性，他可能是军方自主的技术验证项目，以便于使完全开发的战斗机项目有更好的前景。
Alternatively, it could be an internally funded program for the export market, as the company seems to suggest, encouraged by the knowledge that not all countries have access to Western fighters. The J-31 would mainly be a competitor to Russian fighters—though Shenyang might also be calculating that buyers of Western equipment will want more choice as some U.S. and European types go out of production over the next decade or two. Importantly, the Chinese fighter should be cheap, as the JF-17 is, while offering at least the prestige of stealth technology.
另一种可能性是，受到不是所有国家都能够获得西方战斗机的境况的鼓励，就像沈飞想表达的那样，他是一个为了出口的自主开发项目。J31主要是毛子战斗机的竞争者，尽管沈飞可能算计着再过10年20年，购买西方战斗机的国家希望有更多的具备美国和欧洲战斗机。