超级军网ZT龙腾；八项美国落后于中国的工业
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/28 06:10:41
正文翻译:
Americans are used to the U.S. being the leader, or a top-ranked nation, in many areas. But in a number of industries and businesses, the U.S. has lost that first place, usually to China. While some, such as coal production, may not come as a surprise, other industries the U.S. has lost the market leadership might. 24/7 Wall St. looked at a large number of manufacturing, agricultural and financial businesses to find those in which China has surpassed the U.S.
美国人民已经习惯了美国在许多领域当领导者或是最佳国家的日子。不过，在一些工商业领域，美国已经失去了第一名的宝座，而替代者往往是中国。当然，在有的领域，比如煤炭生产，美国被人替代并不出人意料。在其他一些工业领域，美国则失去了市场领导地位。24/7 Wall St.在考察了大量的工业、农业和商业领域后，发现了一些中国超过美国的领域。
For several years, economists have said that China’s GDP growth indicates that its economy will pass that of the U.S. in the next two or three decades. China’s GDP is measured at about $6.5 trillion, now second in the world. America’s GDP is over $15.2 trillion, according to the International Monetary Fund. While China certainly has much catching up to do, the two countries’ rate of GDP growth is also very different. Last year, China’s economy expanded at more than 9%. America’s GDP grew at a little better than 2%.
多年以来，经济学家们总是说，按照中国GDP的增长速度，在二三十年内，该国GDP将超过美国。据国际货币基金组织统计，中国GDP约为6.5万亿美元，现居世界第二。美国的GDP超过15.2万亿美元。虽然现在的中国还有许多地方需要赶超，但是，两国的GDP年增长率有着天壤之别。去年，中国经济的增长超过9%.美国经济的增长低于2%
One reason that China continues to gain so rapidly on the U.S. is the high cost of American labor and manufacturing. In fact, U.S. manufacturing costs have risen so much that they are much higher than in any developed nation with factory capacity. This includes countries like China, Mexico and South Korea — places the U.S. and Japanese companies often contract to do their factory work. The labor price advantage has helped China become the largest steel producer in the world. China is also first place in car manufacturing.
中国能继续保持如此迅猛增长的原因之一，是美国劳工和美国工业的高成本。事实上，美国工业的成本已经提高得太多，在工业生产能力方面，其成本已经大大超过了其他发展中国家，比如中国，墨西哥和韩国——这些国家受雇于美国和日本的公司，替代了它们原先的工作。劳动力成本的优势帮助中国成为了世界上最大的钢铁生产商。中国在汽车工业领域也占有头把交椅。
Low labor costs are not the sole reason China has become the single largest provider of many goods. China’s 1.3 trillion citizens have become voracious consumers as workers in its manufacturing sector have grown the number of its middle class. China also has decided that it is often financially better to provide its own raw material for its factories — items like cotton — than it is to import such items from overseas.
在许多货物的供给方面，中国是最大且唯一的供给商。不过，低廉的劳动力成本并非是唯一原因。工业部门的工人们推高了中产阶级的数量，中国的13亿人民也成了拥有旺盛购买力的消费者。该国也利用资金实现自给自足，为本国工厂提供原料——比如棉花——而非从海外进口此类物品。
24/7 Wall St. examined the manufacturing, agricultural and financial businesses in which China has surpassed the U.S. China likely will become the world’s largest economy based on GDP. It certainly has shown that it has the capacity to advance on that position — one large industry at a time.
24/7 Wall St.考察了工业、农业和商业领域里中国超过美国的领域。中国有望凭借GDP成为世界最大的经济体。有迹象表明，该国有能力取得这一地位——与此同时，该国将形成庞大的工业体系。
1. Steel
1.钢铁>
China production: 627 million metric tons in 2010
中国产量：2010年6.27亿吨
> U.S. production: 80 million metric tons in 2010
美国产量：2010年8000万吨
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
In 1973, the U.S. was the largest producer of steel, making more than 136 million metric tons of crude steel, according to the International Iron and Steel Institute. Up to that point, the U.S. had enjoyed many decades of industry dominance, centered around the city of Pittsburgh. The following year, U.S. production was overtaken by the USSR, which produced 136.2 million metric tons, compared with the U.S.’s 132.2 million. Today, however, completely different players dominate the steel market. In 2010, the world’s top producer of crude steel was China, which produced approximately 627 million metric tons. Japan was a distant second-largest producer with nearly 110 million metric tons. The U.S. was third, producing approximately 80 million.
据国际钢铁协会统计，在1973年，美国是钢铁的最大生产商，制造了超过1.36亿吨的粗钢。在那之前，围绕着美国城市匹兹堡，美国已享受了几十年的工业优势。 在随后一年，美国的产量被苏联超过，后者生产了1.362亿吨，而美国则是1.322亿吨。然而在今天，一个完全不同的对手取得了钢铁市场的支配地位。2010年，世界最大的粗钢生产商是中国，该国生产了约6.27亿吨的粗钢。位居第二的日本则远低于中国，产量为1.1亿吨。美国处于第三位，产量大约为8000万吨。
2. Cotton
2.棉花
> China production: 7.3 million metric tons in 2011
中国产量：2011年730万吨
> U.S. production: 3.4 million metric tons in 2011
美国产量：2011年340万吨
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
In 2000, the U.S. produced 4.2 million metric tons of cotton — the largest amount in the world. China was not far behind, producing 3.81 million metric tons. By 2008, however, China had not only surpassed the U.S., but made nearly double the U.S.’s production amount. China produced approximately 8.1 million metric tons to the U.S.’s 4.2 million. A year earlier, the U.S. lost its second spot among top cotton producers to India, thanks in part to technological breakthroughs in seed and production practices. Between 2011 and 2012, China produced 7.3 million metric tons, India produced 6 million and the U.S. was third, producing 3.4 million.
2000年，美国的棉花产量为420万吨——位居世界第一。而中国差的也并不多。该国的产量为381万吨。不过，到了2008年，中国的棉花产量不仅超过了美国，而且还是美国产量的两倍。中国生产了大约810万吨，而美国则生产了420万吨。而在一年前，美国失去了棉花产量世界第二的位置，印度取而代之。部分原因是后者在种子和生产实践上的技术突破。在2011到2012年间，中国生产了730万吨，印度生产了600万吨，而美国位居第三，生产了340万吨。
3. Initial Public Offerings
3. 首次公开募股
> China production: $73 billion raised in 2011
中国：2011年筹资730亿美元
> U.S. production: $30.7 billion raised in 2011
美国：2011年筹资307亿美元
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
Even in the world of finance the U.S. is losing its dominance to China. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, “the yearly average of U.S. IPOs has decreased from 27 percent [global share] in the 1990s to 12 percent in the 2000s.” And as the U.S.’s share of IPO proceeds decreased, China’s share increased. It is now the world leader in IPOs. In 2011, companies raised a total of $73 billion through IPOs in the Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock markets. This is nearly double the amount raised in New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, according to Dealogic. The last time the U.S. raised the most in IPO funds globally was 2008.
即使是在世界金融领域，美国也将它的优势地位输给了中国。国家统计局做出的经济研究表明，“美国年均首次公开募股从1990年的 27%（全球股份）降低到了2000年的12%”在美国首次公开募股 的股份降低的同时，中国的股份增加了。现在该国成了这个领域的新领导者。根据迪罗基提供的报告，在2011年，上海、深圳和香港的股票市场通过首次公开募股，共募集到730亿美元。这是纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克募集数额的两倍。美国最后一次募集到最多的资金是在2008年。
4. Tobacco
4.烟草
> China production: 3 million metric tons in 2010
中国产量：2010年300万吨
> U.S. production: 0.33 million metric tons in 2010
美国产量：2010年33万吨
> U.S. position: 4th
美国排名：世界第四
Until 1976, the U.S. produced the largest share of the world’s tobacco. Today, the U.S. only produces 6% of the global output, according to Stephan Richter, editor-in-chief of The Globalist, in an interview by Marketplace. The most recent data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations places the U.S. as the fourth-largest producer of tobacco in the world. China is the largest, producing more than 3 million metric tons of the crop in 2010. The U.S. produced slightly more than 326,000 metric tons that year. The other larger producers are Brazil and India, in that order.
直到1976年，美国的烟草产量在世界上最多。按 The Globalist 主编 Stephan Richter在一次业界采访的话说，今天，美国的产量仅在全球烟草出口中占据6%.在联合国粮食和农业组织发布的最近数据中，美国在烟草生产领域位居世界第四。中国则是第一，在2010年生产了300万吨。美国的产量比32.6万吨略高。产量位居前三的另外两个国家，则是巴西和印度。
5. Autos
5.汽车
> China production: 18.3 million autos in 2010
中国产量：2010年1830万量
> U.S. production: 7.8 million autos in 2010
美国产量：2010年780万量
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
Automotive manufacturing is considered one of the U.S.’s most critical industries. But in recent years, other countries have surpassed the U.S., which is now the third-largest producer of autos in the world, according to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers. The American auto industry nearly collapsed in 2008, requiring massive federal support for General Motors (NYSE: GM) and Chrysler. By 2010, the U.S. manufactured 7.8 million cars and commercial vehicles. Japan, which is headquarters to major brands such as Toyota (NYSE: TM), Honda (NYSE: HMC), Nissan, and Mazda, produced 9.6 million vehicles — the second most — although damage caused by the earthquake has hurt production in the country. China is the world’s largest carmaker, producing 18.3 million in 2010.
汽车制造被认为是美国最关键的工业之一。但是在最近几年，其他国家已经超过了美国。根据国际汽车制造商协会发布的数据，现在美国在该领域位居世界第三。美国的汽车工业最近一次收缩是在2008年，此时通用汽车和克莱斯勒寻求联邦政府的巨额支持。到了2010年，美国生产了780万辆民用商用汽车。日本总部的大品牌，比如丰田、本田、日产和马自达，总计生产了960万辆，位居世界第二——虽然地震损害了该国的生产。中国是世界上最大的汽车生产商，在2010年制造了1830万辆。
6. Beer Production
6.啤酒生产
> China production: 443.8 million hectoliters in 2010
中国产量：2010年4.438亿公斤
> U.S. production: 227.8 million hectoliters in 2010
美国产量：2010年2.278亿公斤
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
The U.S. lost its top position even in beer production. In 2000, the U.S. beer industry was the greatest in the world, producing 232 million hectoliters, compared with China’s 220 million. One decade later, and China is in first place, generating 443.8 million hectoliters of beer, versus the U.S.’s 227.8 million. Not only does China have a population that is more than four times that of the U.S., but beer consumption in the country has increased dramatically in recent years. According to the World Health Organization, the average Chinese citizen drank about half a bottle of beer in 1961. By 2007, that amount had increased to 103 beers per year.
美国甚至在啤酒生产领域也失去了它的头把交椅。在2000年，美国的啤酒工业世界最大，生产了2.32亿公斤的啤酒，与此同时中国的产量是2.2亿公斤。十年之后，中国取而代之，产量为4.438亿公斤，而美国则是2.278亿公斤。在最近几年，不仅中国的人口是美国的四倍，该国的消费市场也在戏剧性地增加。根据世界卫生组织的统计，1967年，中国人年均饮用量为半瓶啤酒。到了2007年，这个数字变成了103.
7. High-Technology Exports
7.高科技出口
> China production: $348 billion in 2009
中国产值：2009年3480亿美元
> U.S. production: $142 billion in 2009
美国产值：2009年1420亿美元
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
High-technology exports are defined as “products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery,” according to the World Bank. The U.S. remains home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world, and the rest of industries mentioned are also huge domestically. According to the World Bank, China began earning more from high-technology exports than the U.S. as recently as 2005. In 2009, Chinese high-technology exports were worth $348 billion. High-technology exports from the U.S. were worth a more modest $142 billion.
根据世界银行的定义，高科技出口是“研发强度高的领域，比如航天、电脑、制药、科学仪器、电器机械领域”。美国仍然保持着世界上最大的制药工业，而上述工业在美国仍然形成了庞大家族。根据世界银行发布的数据，中国在高科技出口方面超过美国是从2005年开始的。到了2009年，中国的高科技出口价值3480亿美元，美国的高科技出口略微超过1420亿美元。
8. Coal Production
8.煤炭生产
> China production: 3.24 billion short tons produced in 2010
中国产量：2010年32.4亿吨
> U.S. production: 985 million tons produced in 2010
美国产量：2010年 9.85亿吨
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
America led the world in coal production up until 1984, and it is now a distant second to China. According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, the U.S. produced just under 1 billion tons of coal in 2010. China produced more than three times that amount, generating 3.2 billion short tons. There has been exponential growth in the Chinese energy infrastructure in the past decade. Since 2005, American coal production has decreased slightly, while Chinese production has increased by nearly 38%. Despite the U.S.’s decline in coal production, it is still the world’s second-largest producer, and combined, the two countries account for more than half of the world’s total coal production.
直到1984年，美国在煤炭生产领域仍然引领世界。现在次于中国。根据英国石油公司发布的世界能源统计报告，美国在2010年的煤炭产量低于10亿吨。中国的产量是美国的三点几倍，产量为三十二点几。在过去十年，中国的能源基础设施呈指数级增长。自2005年以来，美国的煤炭产量略微下滑，而中国的煤炭产量增长了将近38%.虽然美国在该领域有所下滑，该国仍然是世界第二大煤炭生产商，中美两国占据了世界煤炭生产的半壁江山。
====================================================================
评论翻译；
Raiderthree
267 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:36 PM)
"In 1973, the U.S. was the largest producer of steel, making more than 136 million metric tons of crude steel, according to the Internatio-nal Iron and Steel Institute. Up to that point, the U.S. had enjoyed many decades of industry dominance, centered around the city of Pittsburgh."
“据国际钢铁协会统计，在1973年，美国是钢铁的最大生产商，制造了超过1.36亿吨的粗钢。在那之前，围绕着美国城市匹兹堡，美国已享受了几十年的工业优势。”
Thanks you environmen-talist for this. You people are destroying this country.
感谢环保主义者们。你们这些人正在摧毁这个国家。
（回复楼上）
lightningbolt
1469 Fans
16 hours ago ( 5:57 PM)
This has nothing to do with environmentalism. It has more to do with outsourcing and corruption
这和环保无关。事关外包和腐败。
56 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:44 PM)
Out of nine, coal, beer, tobacco and big cars are all industries we don't want.
剔除这些工业：煤炭、啤酒、烟草和大汽车是我们所不需要的。
stmonica
69 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:56 PM)
Somebody needs to study Cuba! Remember what happened to "American" companies when Castro got tired of their greed? It has already started with the Chinese workers at Apple. Who do you really believe the Chinese will protect? Remember, they don't have to "lose" Apple, they can just take it!
一些人需要研究一下古巴！还记得在卡斯特罗对一些“美国人”的公司的贪婪产生厌倦以后，这些公司是怎么做的么？他们开始让中国工人为苹果工作。你们真以为中国人会保障谁的利益？记着，他们不会让自己“失去”苹果，他们只会带走它！
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
David Fiderer
201 Fans
17 hours ago ( 4:40 PM)
Two of those industries---coal and tobacco--c-reate toxic products. To save planet earth, we need to scale down global coal combustion. To save lives, we need to reduce tobacco consumption. Our volume of IPOs has been curtailed by private equity players, like Bain Capital.
在这些工业中，有两个——煤炭和烟草——制造的是有毒的产品。为了保护地球，我们需要缩减全球煤炭的消耗。为了保护生命，我们需要减少全球烟草的消费。我们有关首次公开募股的呼吁被一些私人股本公司，比如Bain Capital封锁了。
baxtron
tek phlarpt
239 Fans
17 hours ago ( 4:52 PM)
Tobacco, beer, and coal. Who cares. There's enough American beer throughtout the world. Keep importing cheap Chinese products with no import tax and this will continue. High Tech exports is embarrassi-ng. it's .com not .usa. We invented all of the high tech industries and yet have few exports to show for it.
烟草、啤酒和煤炭？谁在乎。美国啤酒在世界上够多了。继续以零进口税进口廉价的中国商品，美国将更加落后。在高科技出口方面，领先的是共产主义国家而不是美国，这确实令人尴尬。我们发明了所有的高科技工业，却只用少量的出口来证明这点。
oilfield
small manufacturing business owner
455 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:19 PM)
we dont need to make anything....as the canadians say about us....we are going to make the entire country a national park. folks dont need to work, because the government can print almost as much as it takes in every year to feed our citizens.
what we need is more regulation, higher health care costs, and tougher environmental laws....
我们不必生产任何东西。。。这是加拿大人在谈到我们时说的。。。我们在让整个国家变成一个公园。人们不必工作，因为政府每年可以印制足够的钞票养活人民。我们需要的是更具规范同时也更高的卫生保健成本，和更严格的环境法规。。。
TimAnderson
0 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:27 PM)
When America began losing its manufacturing (and productive) sectors, economists said that it "didn't matter", as manufacturing jobs will simply be replaced by service jobs. We are now seeing the lessons of that folly. Service jobs don't create the same value or the level of production an industrialized country needs to survive. The first-world countries that are doing well: Germany and Japan, have kept their manufacturing. But look where the US, UK, Italy, (most of) France are headed.
在美国开始失去它的制造业（和生产）部门时，经济学家们表示“没问题”，因为制造业的工作会简单地被服务业的工作所取代。现在我们明白了这种愚昧想法的代价。服务业创造的价值与一个工业化国家赖以生存的价值并不等同。第一世界的国家（德国和日本）就做得很好，它们保留了自己的制造业。但是看看美国、英国、意大利的制造业，还有法国的大多数制造业，它们都在被别人领导。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
judi9694
25 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:30 PM)
Guess what people, the US can manufacture and produce raw goods too, we did it before and we can do it again. Let's face it, we are better off with manufacturing and lower wages, than no manufacturing and no jobs. We just have to accept we have taken a slide and rebuild this country. Keep the politicians out of business. They are trying to make you believe we lost, but we have not. It is in their interest to have China and other countries manufacture. They are not looking at jobs on a national level, they are looking at international gross product and it doesn't matter what country wins the prize.
大家想想为什么会这样。美国仍然能开展制造业、生产原材料。我们以前能这么做，以后也能。让我们面对事实吧：与其既没有制造业又没有工作、不如拥有制造业但拿着较低的工资。我们只需转变观念，然后重建国家。让政客们滚出商业领域。他们竭力让你们相信我们已经失去这些工业了，但其实我们没有。让中国和其他国家拥有制造业就是这些人的兴趣所在。他们不是从国家利益的角度考虑工作问题的，他们着眼于国际生产总值。但即便美国在该领域取得奖项，也没有意义。
KarmaPatrol
47 Fans
14 hours ago ( 8:20 PM)
So the Chinese are brewing more beer (iirc they got the brewing expertise from the German concession area) and making more tobacco? I do not see where the production itself is bad ... and TsingTao isn't a bad beer. Just not up to snuff with some fresher craft brew options. It is about 30 days across the Pacific afterall.
所以中国人酿造的啤酒更多（如果我记得没错，他们是从德国特区得到的酿酒技术），制造的烟草也更多？我看不出自行生产这些产品有何害处。。。当然青岛啤酒也不错。只要别进口那些不符合标准的用新鲜工艺酿造的啤酒就好。毕竟从太平洋运来得花上30天。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
olitenup
520 Fans
13 hours ago ( 8:53 PM)
Add general aviation, and commercial airline maintenance. The Wright Brothers would be mortified.
加上通用航空和民航维修。莱特兄弟肯定会觉得不爽。
We did not lose all these industries, we handed them to China, and in many instances, we sold this technology at fire-sale prices.
我们没有失去这些工业，我们把它们交给了中国。在很多时候，我们以特价出售了这些技术。
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Dosadi
Political agnostic
2393 Fans
12 hours ago (10:23 PM)
Incredible. China built 18.3 million autos and no one can name one brand name,not one.
难以置信。中国人制造了1830万量汽车，但没人能说出一个中国汽车品牌的名字。一个也没有。
groland
440 Fans
10 hours ago (12:05 AM)
Most of China's technology was handed over willingly by US and other foreign companies. Back in the 90s there was a race to get into China. Read the story of McDonnellDouglas and their attempt to get into the Chinese aviation market. It ended up bankrupting the company. Meanwhile, the Germans fear the Chinese are stealing their industrial secrets. They do not respect trademarks or intellectual property.
大多数的中国科技是被美国的和他国的公司自愿移交的。在90年代，许多公司争相进入中国。读读麦道公司的故事和他们为了进入中国市场所做的努力。这最终导致该公司破产。与此同时，德国人也在担忧中国人窃取他们的工业机密。中国人不尊重商标和知识产权。
I wonder how all the conservative trolls here feel about the US buying most of its consumer goods from a communist country? You can thank our Corporate titans and their Wall st. financiers
我好奇这儿的保守派们会怎样看待美国从一个共产主义国家进口大多数消费品。你们可以感谢大公司和华尔街的金融家。
mashtoe
667 Fans
6 hours ago ( 3:38 AM)
End trade with communist slave labor dictatorships like China. Problem solved. Before Bill Clinton opened up the US to imports from communist China we were doing fine. Blame the Democrats for this. NAFTA and H-1b work visas are also the fault of the Democrats.
终止同使用奴隶劳工的共产主义独裁政权（比如中国）的贸易，问题解决。在比尔克林顿开放美国向中国的进口之前，一切顺利。在这一点上谴责民主党吧。北美自由贸易协定和H-1B工作签证也是民主党的错。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Joseph DeLacy
36 Fans
2 hours ago ( 8:09 AM)
While this may be a scary slideshow, we should put things into perspective. Such as the fact they have a billion cheap laborers, and have tons of natural resources.
虽然文中所提可能令人担忧，我们还是应当透过现象看本质。出现这种情况是因为他们有着十亿的廉价劳动力，还有成吨的自然资源。
CenaW
790 Fans
10 hours ago (11:52 PM)
We didn't lose them
我们没有失去它们
These industries were handed over to Communist China by the
Conservative billionaires.
这些工业是由隶属保守派的亿万富翁们转交给共产主义中国的。
They got richer and now our nation is in grave danger.
他们变得更加富有，而我们国家的处境则变得非常危险。
512 Fans
6 hours ago ( 4:19 AM)
Thanks obama.
感谢奥巴马。
lightningbolt
1469 Fans
16 hours ago ( 5:55 PM)
The industries mentioned above are the backbone of the US economy. We can thank Bush for this disaster.
上面所提的这些工业是美国经济的支柱。多谢小布什带来了这场灾难。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Warren Yuill
Jesus Built My Hot-Rod
45 Fans
1 hour ago ( 8:54 AM)
China's model for economic success.
中国是经济成功的典范。
Subsidize steel to the point where nobody can compete.
通过补助钢铁工业，使该行业无人能敌。
Dominate world steel production.
他们支配着世界钢铁生产。
Use profits to subsidize other industries to the point nobody can compete.
他们用取得的利润补助其他工业，让它们也无人能敌。
Dominate said industries (ex. solar panels)
取得优势地位。（比如太阳能电池板。）
Repeat repeat repeat.
以此类推。
Central control, central planning
中央控制，中央规划。
Buy, coerce, extort, steal,reverse engineer.
购买、强迫、勒索、窃取、逆向工程。
Long view?
深谋远虑？
Business is war.
商场如战场。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
becky bradshaw
344 Fans
12 hours ago ( 9:41 PM)
There is a difference between losing an industry by being replaced (like computer chips, cellphones, and computers) and being supplemented (coal, cotton).
由于被替代（比如电脑芯片，手机和电脑）而导致工业落后与由于被填补（煤炭，棉花）而导致工业落后是有区别的。
http://www.ltaaa.com/wtfy/3980.html正文翻译:
Americans are used to the U.S. being the leader, or a top-ranked nation, in many areas. But in a number of industries and businesses, the U.S. has lost that first place, usually to China. While some, such as coal production, may not come as a surprise, other industries the U.S. has lost the market leadership might. 24/7 Wall St. looked at a large number of manufacturing, agricultural and financial businesses to find those in which China has surpassed the U.S.
美国人民已经习惯了美国在许多领域当领导者或是最佳国家的日子。不过，在一些工商业领域，美国已经失去了第一名的宝座，而替代者往往是中国。当然，在有的领域，比如煤炭生产，美国被人替代并不出人意料。在其他一些工业领域，美国则失去了市场领导地位。24/7 Wall St.在考察了大量的工业、农业和商业领域后，发现了一些中国超过美国的领域。
For several years, economists have said that China’s GDP growth indicates that its economy will pass that of the U.S. in the next two or three decades. China’s GDP is measured at about $6.5 trillion, now second in the world. America’s GDP is over $15.2 trillion, according to the International Monetary Fund. While China certainly has much catching up to do, the two countries’ rate of GDP growth is also very different. Last year, China’s economy expanded at more than 9%. America’s GDP grew at a little better than 2%.
多年以来，经济学家们总是说，按照中国GDP的增长速度，在二三十年内，该国GDP将超过美国。据国际货币基金组织统计，中国GDP约为6.5万亿美元，现居世界第二。美国的GDP超过15.2万亿美元。虽然现在的中国还有许多地方需要赶超，但是，两国的GDP年增长率有着天壤之别。去年，中国经济的增长超过9%.美国经济的增长低于2%
One reason that China continues to gain so rapidly on the U.S. is the high cost of American labor and manufacturing. In fact, U.S. manufacturing costs have risen so much that they are much higher than in any developed nation with factory capacity. This includes countries like China, Mexico and South Korea — places the U.S. and Japanese companies often contract to do their factory work. The labor price advantage has helped China become the largest steel producer in the world. China is also first place in car manufacturing.
中国能继续保持如此迅猛增长的原因之一，是美国劳工和美国工业的高成本。事实上，美国工业的成本已经提高得太多，在工业生产能力方面，其成本已经大大超过了其他发展中国家，比如中国，墨西哥和韩国——这些国家受雇于美国和日本的公司，替代了它们原先的工作。劳动力成本的优势帮助中国成为了世界上最大的钢铁生产商。中国在汽车工业领域也占有头把交椅。
Low labor costs are not the sole reason China has become the single largest provider of many goods. China’s 1.3 trillion citizens have become voracious consumers as workers in its manufacturing sector have grown the number of its middle class. China also has decided that it is often financially better to provide its own raw material for its factories — items like cotton — than it is to import such items from overseas.
在许多货物的供给方面，中国是最大且唯一的供给商。不过，低廉的劳动力成本并非是唯一原因。工业部门的工人们推高了中产阶级的数量，中国的13亿人民也成了拥有旺盛购买力的消费者。该国也利用资金实现自给自足，为本国工厂提供原料——比如棉花——而非从海外进口此类物品。
24/7 Wall St. examined the manufacturing, agricultural and financial businesses in which China has surpassed the U.S. China likely will become the world’s largest economy based on GDP. It certainly has shown that it has the capacity to advance on that position — one large industry at a time.
24/7 Wall St.考察了工业、农业和商业领域里中国超过美国的领域。中国有望凭借GDP成为世界最大的经济体。有迹象表明，该国有能力取得这一地位——与此同时，该国将形成庞大的工业体系。
1. Steel
1.钢铁>
China production: 627 million metric tons in 2010
中国产量：2010年6.27亿吨
> U.S. production: 80 million metric tons in 2010
美国产量：2010年8000万吨
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
In 1973, the U.S. was the largest producer of steel, making more than 136 million metric tons of crude steel, according to the International Iron and Steel Institute. Up to that point, the U.S. had enjoyed many decades of industry dominance, centered around the city of Pittsburgh. The following year, U.S. production was overtaken by the USSR, which produced 136.2 million metric tons, compared with the U.S.’s 132.2 million. Today, however, completely different players dominate the steel market. In 2010, the world’s top producer of crude steel was China, which produced approximately 627 million metric tons. Japan was a distant second-largest producer with nearly 110 million metric tons. The U.S. was third, producing approximately 80 million.
据国际钢铁协会统计，在1973年，美国是钢铁的最大生产商，制造了超过1.36亿吨的粗钢。在那之前，围绕着美国城市匹兹堡，美国已享受了几十年的工业优势。 在随后一年，美国的产量被苏联超过，后者生产了1.362亿吨，而美国则是1.322亿吨。然而在今天，一个完全不同的对手取得了钢铁市场的支配地位。2010年，世界最大的粗钢生产商是中国，该国生产了约6.27亿吨的粗钢。位居第二的日本则远低于中国，产量为1.1亿吨。美国处于第三位，产量大约为8000万吨。
2. Cotton
2.棉花
> China production: 7.3 million metric tons in 2011
中国产量：2011年730万吨
> U.S. production: 3.4 million metric tons in 2011
美国产量：2011年340万吨
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
In 2000, the U.S. produced 4.2 million metric tons of cotton — the largest amount in the world. China was not far behind, producing 3.81 million metric tons. By 2008, however, China had not only surpassed the U.S., but made nearly double the U.S.’s production amount. China produced approximately 8.1 million metric tons to the U.S.’s 4.2 million. A year earlier, the U.S. lost its second spot among top cotton producers to India, thanks in part to technological breakthroughs in seed and production practices. Between 2011 and 2012, China produced 7.3 million metric tons, India produced 6 million and the U.S. was third, producing 3.4 million.
2000年，美国的棉花产量为420万吨——位居世界第一。而中国差的也并不多。该国的产量为381万吨。不过，到了2008年，中国的棉花产量不仅超过了美国，而且还是美国产量的两倍。中国生产了大约810万吨，而美国则生产了420万吨。而在一年前，美国失去了棉花产量世界第二的位置，印度取而代之。部分原因是后者在种子和生产实践上的技术突破。在2011到2012年间，中国生产了730万吨，印度生产了600万吨，而美国位居第三，生产了340万吨。
3. Initial Public Offerings
3. 首次公开募股
> China production: $73 billion raised in 2011
中国：2011年筹资730亿美元
> U.S. production: $30.7 billion raised in 2011
美国：2011年筹资307亿美元
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
Even in the world of finance the U.S. is losing its dominance to China. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, “the yearly average of U.S. IPOs has decreased from 27 percent [global share] in the 1990s to 12 percent in the 2000s.” And as the U.S.’s share of IPO proceeds decreased, China’s share increased. It is now the world leader in IPOs. In 2011, companies raised a total of $73 billion through IPOs in the Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock markets. This is nearly double the amount raised in New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, according to Dealogic. The last time the U.S. raised the most in IPO funds globally was 2008.
即使是在世界金融领域，美国也将它的优势地位输给了中国。国家统计局做出的经济研究表明，“美国年均首次公开募股从1990年的 27%（全球股份）降低到了2000年的12%”在美国首次公开募股 的股份降低的同时，中国的股份增加了。现在该国成了这个领域的新领导者。根据迪罗基提供的报告，在2011年，上海、深圳和香港的股票市场通过首次公开募股，共募集到730亿美元。这是纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克募集数额的两倍。美国最后一次募集到最多的资金是在2008年。
4. Tobacco
4.烟草
> China production: 3 million metric tons in 2010
中国产量：2010年300万吨
> U.S. production: 0.33 million metric tons in 2010
美国产量：2010年33万吨
> U.S. position: 4th
美国排名：世界第四
Until 1976, the U.S. produced the largest share of the world’s tobacco. Today, the U.S. only produces 6% of the global output, according to Stephan Richter, editor-in-chief of The Globalist, in an interview by Marketplace. The most recent data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations places the U.S. as the fourth-largest producer of tobacco in the world. China is the largest, producing more than 3 million metric tons of the crop in 2010. The U.S. produced slightly more than 326,000 metric tons that year. The other larger producers are Brazil and India, in that order.
直到1976年，美国的烟草产量在世界上最多。按 The Globalist 主编 Stephan Richter在一次业界采访的话说，今天，美国的产量仅在全球烟草出口中占据6%.在联合国粮食和农业组织发布的最近数据中，美国在烟草生产领域位居世界第四。中国则是第一，在2010年生产了300万吨。美国的产量比32.6万吨略高。产量位居前三的另外两个国家，则是巴西和印度。
5. Autos
5.汽车
> China production: 18.3 million autos in 2010
中国产量：2010年1830万量
> U.S. production: 7.8 million autos in 2010
美国产量：2010年780万量
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
Automotive manufacturing is considered one of the U.S.’s most critical industries. But in recent years, other countries have surpassed the U.S., which is now the third-largest producer of autos in the world, according to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers. The American auto industry nearly collapsed in 2008, requiring massive federal support for General Motors (NYSE: GM) and Chrysler. By 2010, the U.S. manufactured 7.8 million cars and commercial vehicles. Japan, which is headquarters to major brands such as Toyota (NYSE: TM), Honda (NYSE: HMC), Nissan, and Mazda, produced 9.6 million vehicles — the second most — although damage caused by the earthquake has hurt production in the country. China is the world’s largest carmaker, producing 18.3 million in 2010.
汽车制造被认为是美国最关键的工业之一。但是在最近几年，其他国家已经超过了美国。根据国际汽车制造商协会发布的数据，现在美国在该领域位居世界第三。美国的汽车工业最近一次收缩是在2008年，此时通用汽车和克莱斯勒寻求联邦政府的巨额支持。到了2010年，美国生产了780万辆民用商用汽车。日本总部的大品牌，比如丰田、本田、日产和马自达，总计生产了960万辆，位居世界第二——虽然地震损害了该国的生产。中国是世界上最大的汽车生产商，在2010年制造了1830万辆。
6. Beer Production
6.啤酒生产
> China production: 443.8 million hectoliters in 2010
中国产量：2010年4.438亿公斤
> U.S. production: 227.8 million hectoliters in 2010
美国产量：2010年2.278亿公斤
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
The U.S. lost its top position even in beer production. In 2000, the U.S. beer industry was the greatest in the world, producing 232 million hectoliters, compared with China’s 220 million. One decade later, and China is in first place, generating 443.8 million hectoliters of beer, versus the U.S.’s 227.8 million. Not only does China have a population that is more than four times that of the U.S., but beer consumption in the country has increased dramatically in recent years. According to the World Health Organization, the average Chinese citizen drank about half a bottle of beer in 1961. By 2007, that amount had increased to 103 beers per year.
美国甚至在啤酒生产领域也失去了它的头把交椅。在2000年，美国的啤酒工业世界最大，生产了2.32亿公斤的啤酒，与此同时中国的产量是2.2亿公斤。十年之后，中国取而代之，产量为4.438亿公斤，而美国则是2.278亿公斤。在最近几年，不仅中国的人口是美国的四倍，该国的消费市场也在戏剧性地增加。根据世界卫生组织的统计，1967年，中国人年均饮用量为半瓶啤酒。到了2007年，这个数字变成了103.
7. High-Technology Exports
7.高科技出口
> China production: $348 billion in 2009
中国产值：2009年3480亿美元
> U.S. production: $142 billion in 2009
美国产值：2009年1420亿美元
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
High-technology exports are defined as “products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery,” according to the World Bank. The U.S. remains home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world, and the rest of industries mentioned are also huge domestically. According to the World Bank, China began earning more from high-technology exports than the U.S. as recently as 2005. In 2009, Chinese high-technology exports were worth $348 billion. High-technology exports from the U.S. were worth a more modest $142 billion.
根据世界银行的定义，高科技出口是“研发强度高的领域，比如航天、电脑、制药、科学仪器、电器机械领域”。美国仍然保持着世界上最大的制药工业，而上述工业在美国仍然形成了庞大家族。根据世界银行发布的数据，中国在高科技出口方面超过美国是从2005年开始的。到了2009年，中国的高科技出口价值3480亿美元，美国的高科技出口略微超过1420亿美元。
8. Coal Production
8.煤炭生产
> China production: 3.24 billion short tons produced in 2010
中国产量：2010年32.4亿吨
> U.S. production: 985 million tons produced in 2010
美国产量：2010年 9.85亿吨
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
America led the world in coal production up until 1984, and it is now a distant second to China. According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, the U.S. produced just under 1 billion tons of coal in 2010. China produced more than three times that amount, generating 3.2 billion short tons. There has been exponential growth in the Chinese energy infrastructure in the past decade. Since 2005, American coal production has decreased slightly, while Chinese production has increased by nearly 38%. Despite the U.S.’s decline in coal production, it is still the world’s second-largest producer, and combined, the two countries account for more than half of the world’s total coal production.
直到1984年，美国在煤炭生产领域仍然引领世界。现在次于中国。根据英国石油公司发布的世界能源统计报告，美国在2010年的煤炭产量低于10亿吨。中国的产量是美国的三点几倍，产量为三十二点几。在过去十年，中国的能源基础设施呈指数级增长。自2005年以来，美国的煤炭产量略微下滑，而中国的煤炭产量增长了将近38%.虽然美国在该领域有所下滑，该国仍然是世界第二大煤炭生产商，中美两国占据了世界煤炭生产的半壁江山。
====================================================================
评论翻译；
Raiderthree
267 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:36 PM)
"In 1973, the U.S. was the largest producer of steel, making more than 136 million metric tons of crude steel, according to the Internatio-nal Iron and Steel Institute. Up to that point, the U.S. had enjoyed many decades of industry dominance, centered around the city of Pittsburgh."
“据国际钢铁协会统计，在1973年，美国是钢铁的最大生产商，制造了超过1.36亿吨的粗钢。在那之前，围绕着美国城市匹兹堡，美国已享受了几十年的工业优势。”
Thanks you environmen-talist for this. You people are destroying this country.
感谢环保主义者们。你们这些人正在摧毁这个国家。
（回复楼上）
lightningbolt
1469 Fans
16 hours ago ( 5:57 PM)
This has nothing to do with environmentalism. It has more to do with outsourcing and corruption
这和环保无关。事关外包和腐败。
56 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:44 PM)
Out of nine, coal, beer, tobacco and big cars are all industries we don't want.
剔除这些工业：煤炭、啤酒、烟草和大汽车是我们所不需要的。
stmonica
69 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:56 PM)
Somebody needs to study Cuba! Remember what happened to "American" companies when Castro got tired of their greed? It has already started with the Chinese workers at Apple. Who do you really believe the Chinese will protect? Remember, they don't have to "lose" Apple, they can just take it!
一些人需要研究一下古巴！还记得在卡斯特罗对一些“美国人”的公司的贪婪产生厌倦以后，这些公司是怎么做的么？他们开始让中国工人为苹果工作。你们真以为中国人会保障谁的利益？记着，他们不会让自己“失去”苹果，他们只会带走它！
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
David Fiderer
201 Fans
17 hours ago ( 4:40 PM)
Two of those industries---coal and tobacco--c-reate toxic products. To save planet earth, we need to scale down global coal combustion. To save lives, we need to reduce tobacco consumption. Our volume of IPOs has been curtailed by private equity players, like Bain Capital.
在这些工业中，有两个——煤炭和烟草——制造的是有毒的产品。为了保护地球，我们需要缩减全球煤炭的消耗。为了保护生命，我们需要减少全球烟草的消费。我们有关首次公开募股的呼吁被一些私人股本公司，比如Bain Capital封锁了。
baxtron
tek phlarpt
239 Fans
17 hours ago ( 4:52 PM)
Tobacco, beer, and coal. Who cares. There's enough American beer throughtout the world. Keep importing cheap Chinese products with no import tax and this will continue. High Tech exports is embarrassi-ng. it's .com not .usa. We invented all of the high tech industries and yet have few exports to show for it.
烟草、啤酒和煤炭？谁在乎。美国啤酒在世界上够多了。继续以零进口税进口廉价的中国商品，美国将更加落后。在高科技出口方面，领先的是共产主义国家而不是美国，这确实令人尴尬。我们发明了所有的高科技工业，却只用少量的出口来证明这点。
oilfield
small manufacturing business owner
455 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:19 PM)
we dont need to make anything....as the canadians say about us....we are going to make the entire country a national park. folks dont need to work, because the government can print almost as much as it takes in every year to feed our citizens.
what we need is more regulation, higher health care costs, and tougher environmental laws....
我们不必生产任何东西。。。这是加拿大人在谈到我们时说的。。。我们在让整个国家变成一个公园。人们不必工作，因为政府每年可以印制足够的钞票养活人民。我们需要的是更具规范同时也更高的卫生保健成本，和更严格的环境法规。。。
TimAnderson
0 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:27 PM)
When America began losing its manufacturing (and productive) sectors, economists said that it "didn't matter", as manufacturing jobs will simply be replaced by service jobs. We are now seeing the lessons of that folly. Service jobs don't create the same value or the level of production an industrialized country needs to survive. The first-world countries that are doing well: Germany and Japan, have kept their manufacturing. But look where the US, UK, Italy, (most of) France are headed.
在美国开始失去它的制造业（和生产）部门时，经济学家们表示“没问题”，因为制造业的工作会简单地被服务业的工作所取代。现在我们明白了这种愚昧想法的代价。服务业创造的价值与一个工业化国家赖以生存的价值并不等同。第一世界的国家（德国和日本）就做得很好，它们保留了自己的制造业。但是看看美国、英国、意大利的制造业，还有法国的大多数制造业，它们都在被别人领导。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
judi9694
25 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:30 PM)
Guess what people, the US can manufacture and produce raw goods too, we did it before and we can do it again. Let's face it, we are better off with manufacturing and lower wages, than no manufacturing and no jobs. We just have to accept we have taken a slide and rebuild this country. Keep the politicians out of business. They are trying to make you believe we lost, but we have not. It is in their interest to have China and other countries manufacture. They are not looking at jobs on a national level, they are looking at international gross product and it doesn't matter what country wins the prize.
大家想想为什么会这样。美国仍然能开展制造业、生产原材料。我们以前能这么做，以后也能。让我们面对事实吧：与其既没有制造业又没有工作、不如拥有制造业但拿着较低的工资。我们只需转变观念，然后重建国家。让政客们滚出商业领域。他们竭力让你们相信我们已经失去这些工业了，但其实我们没有。让中国和其他国家拥有制造业就是这些人的兴趣所在。他们不是从国家利益的角度考虑工作问题的，他们着眼于国际生产总值。但即便美国在该领域取得奖项，也没有意义。
KarmaPatrol
47 Fans
14 hours ago ( 8:20 PM)
So the Chinese are brewing more beer (iirc they got the brewing expertise from the German concession area) and making more tobacco? I do not see where the production itself is bad ... and TsingTao isn't a bad beer. Just not up to snuff with some fresher craft brew options. It is about 30 days across the Pacific afterall.
所以中国人酿造的啤酒更多（如果我记得没错，他们是从德国特区得到的酿酒技术），制造的烟草也更多？我看不出自行生产这些产品有何害处。。。当然青岛啤酒也不错。只要别进口那些不符合标准的用新鲜工艺酿造的啤酒就好。毕竟从太平洋运来得花上30天。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
olitenup
520 Fans
13 hours ago ( 8:53 PM)
Add general aviation, and commercial airline maintenance. The Wright Brothers would be mortified.
加上通用航空和民航维修。莱特兄弟肯定会觉得不爽。
We did not lose all these industries, we handed them to China, and in many instances, we sold this technology at fire-sale prices.
我们没有失去这些工业，我们把它们交给了中国。在很多时候，我们以特价出售了这些技术。
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Dosadi
Political agnostic
2393 Fans
12 hours ago (10:23 PM)
Incredible. China built 18.3 million autos and no one can name one brand name,not one.
难以置信。中国人制造了1830万量汽车，但没人能说出一个中国汽车品牌的名字。一个也没有。
groland
440 Fans
10 hours ago (12:05 AM)
Most of China's technology was handed over willingly by US and other foreign companies. Back in the 90s there was a race to get into China. Read the story of McDonnellDouglas and their attempt to get into the Chinese aviation market. It ended up bankrupting the company. Meanwhile, the Germans fear the Chinese are stealing their industrial secrets. They do not respect trademarks or intellectual property.
大多数的中国科技是被美国的和他国的公司自愿移交的。在90年代，许多公司争相进入中国。读读麦道公司的故事和他们为了进入中国市场所做的努力。这最终导致该公司破产。与此同时，德国人也在担忧中国人窃取他们的工业机密。中国人不尊重商标和知识产权。
I wonder how all the conservative trolls here feel about the US buying most of its consumer goods from a communist country? You can thank our Corporate titans and their Wall st. financiers
我好奇这儿的保守派们会怎样看待美国从一个共产主义国家进口大多数消费品。你们可以感谢大公司和华尔街的金融家。
mashtoe
667 Fans
6 hours ago ( 3:38 AM)
End trade with communist slave labor dictatorships like China. Problem solved. Before Bill Clinton opened up the US to imports from communist China we were doing fine. Blame the Democrats for this. NAFTA and H-1b work visas are also the fault of the Democrats.
终止同使用奴隶劳工的共产主义独裁政权（比如中国）的贸易，问题解决。在比尔克林顿开放美国向中国的进口之前，一切顺利。在这一点上谴责民主党吧。北美自由贸易协定和H-1B工作签证也是民主党的错。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Joseph DeLacy
36 Fans
2 hours ago ( 8:09 AM)
While this may be a scary slideshow, we should put things into perspective. Such as the fact they have a billion cheap laborers, and have tons of natural resources.
虽然文中所提可能令人担忧，我们还是应当透过现象看本质。出现这种情况是因为他们有着十亿的廉价劳动力，还有成吨的自然资源。
CenaW
790 Fans
10 hours ago (11:52 PM)
We didn't lose them
我们没有失去它们
These industries were handed over to Communist China by the
Conservative billionaires.
这些工业是由隶属保守派的亿万富翁们转交给共产主义中国的。
They got richer and now our nation is in grave danger.
他们变得更加富有，而我们国家的处境则变得非常危险。
512 Fans
6 hours ago ( 4:19 AM)
Thanks obama.
感谢奥巴马。
lightningbolt
1469 Fans
16 hours ago ( 5:55 PM)
The industries mentioned above are the backbone of the US economy. We can thank Bush for this disaster.
上面所提的这些工业是美国经济的支柱。多谢小布什带来了这场灾难。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Warren Yuill
Jesus Built My Hot-Rod
45 Fans
1 hour ago ( 8:54 AM)
China's model for economic success.
中国是经济成功的典范。
Subsidize steel to the point where nobody can compete.
通过补助钢铁工业，使该行业无人能敌。
Dominate world steel production.
他们支配着世界钢铁生产。
Use profits to subsidize other industries to the point nobody can compete.
他们用取得的利润补助其他工业，让它们也无人能敌。
Dominate said industries (ex. solar panels)
取得优势地位。（比如太阳能电池板。）
Repeat repeat repeat.
以此类推。
Central control, central planning
中央控制，中央规划。
Buy, coerce, extort, steal,reverse engineer.
购买、强迫、勒索、窃取、逆向工程。
Long view?
深谋远虑？
Business is war.
商场如战场。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
becky bradshaw
344 Fans
12 hours ago ( 9:41 PM)
There is a difference between losing an industry by being replaced (like computer chips, cellphones, and computers) and being supplemented (coal, cotton).
由于被替代（比如电脑芯片，手机和电脑）而导致工业落后与由于被填补（煤炭，棉花）而导致工业落后是有区别的。
http://www.ltaaa.com/wtfy/3980.html
Americans are used to the U.S. being the leader, or a top-ranked nation, in many areas. But in a number of industries and businesses, the U.S. has lost that first place, usually to China. While some, such as coal production, may not come as a surprise, other industries the U.S. has lost the market leadership might. 24/7 Wall St. looked at a large number of manufacturing, agricultural and financial businesses to find those in which China has surpassed the U.S.
美国人民已经习惯了美国在许多领域当领导者或是最佳国家的日子。不过，在一些工商业领域，美国已经失去了第一名的宝座，而替代者往往是中国。当然，在有的领域，比如煤炭生产，美国被人替代并不出人意料。在其他一些工业领域，美国则失去了市场领导地位。24/7 Wall St.在考察了大量的工业、农业和商业领域后，发现了一些中国超过美国的领域。
For several years, economists have said that China’s GDP growth indicates that its economy will pass that of the U.S. in the next two or three decades. China’s GDP is measured at about $6.5 trillion, now second in the world. America’s GDP is over $15.2 trillion, according to the International Monetary Fund. While China certainly has much catching up to do, the two countries’ rate of GDP growth is also very different. Last year, China’s economy expanded at more than 9%. America’s GDP grew at a little better than 2%.
多年以来，经济学家们总是说，按照中国GDP的增长速度，在二三十年内，该国GDP将超过美国。据国际货币基金组织统计，中国GDP约为6.5万亿美元，现居世界第二。美国的GDP超过15.2万亿美元。虽然现在的中国还有许多地方需要赶超，但是，两国的GDP年增长率有着天壤之别。去年，中国经济的增长超过9%.美国经济的增长低于2%
One reason that China continues to gain so rapidly on the U.S. is the high cost of American labor and manufacturing. In fact, U.S. manufacturing costs have risen so much that they are much higher than in any developed nation with factory capacity. This includes countries like China, Mexico and South Korea — places the U.S. and Japanese companies often contract to do their factory work. The labor price advantage has helped China become the largest steel producer in the world. China is also first place in car manufacturing.
中国能继续保持如此迅猛增长的原因之一，是美国劳工和美国工业的高成本。事实上，美国工业的成本已经提高得太多，在工业生产能力方面，其成本已经大大超过了其他发展中国家，比如中国，墨西哥和韩国——这些国家受雇于美国和日本的公司，替代了它们原先的工作。劳动力成本的优势帮助中国成为了世界上最大的钢铁生产商。中国在汽车工业领域也占有头把交椅。
Low labor costs are not the sole reason China has become the single largest provider of many goods. China’s 1.3 trillion citizens have become voracious consumers as workers in its manufacturing sector have grown the number of its middle class. China also has decided that it is often financially better to provide its own raw material for its factories — items like cotton — than it is to import such items from overseas.
在许多货物的供给方面，中国是最大且唯一的供给商。不过，低廉的劳动力成本并非是唯一原因。工业部门的工人们推高了中产阶级的数量，中国的13亿人民也成了拥有旺盛购买力的消费者。该国也利用资金实现自给自足，为本国工厂提供原料——比如棉花——而非从海外进口此类物品。
24/7 Wall St. examined the manufacturing, agricultural and financial businesses in which China has surpassed the U.S. China likely will become the world’s largest economy based on GDP. It certainly has shown that it has the capacity to advance on that position — one large industry at a time.
24/7 Wall St.考察了工业、农业和商业领域里中国超过美国的领域。中国有望凭借GDP成为世界最大的经济体。有迹象表明，该国有能力取得这一地位——与此同时，该国将形成庞大的工业体系。
1. Steel
1.钢铁>
China production: 627 million metric tons in 2010
中国产量：2010年6.27亿吨
> U.S. production: 80 million metric tons in 2010
美国产量：2010年8000万吨
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
In 1973, the U.S. was the largest producer of steel, making more than 136 million metric tons of crude steel, according to the International Iron and Steel Institute. Up to that point, the U.S. had enjoyed many decades of industry dominance, centered around the city of Pittsburgh. The following year, U.S. production was overtaken by the USSR, which produced 136.2 million metric tons, compared with the U.S.’s 132.2 million. Today, however, completely different players dominate the steel market. In 2010, the world’s top producer of crude steel was China, which produced approximately 627 million metric tons. Japan was a distant second-largest producer with nearly 110 million metric tons. The U.S. was third, producing approximately 80 million.
据国际钢铁协会统计，在1973年，美国是钢铁的最大生产商，制造了超过1.36亿吨的粗钢。在那之前，围绕着美国城市匹兹堡，美国已享受了几十年的工业优势。 在随后一年，美国的产量被苏联超过，后者生产了1.362亿吨，而美国则是1.322亿吨。然而在今天，一个完全不同的对手取得了钢铁市场的支配地位。2010年，世界最大的粗钢生产商是中国，该国生产了约6.27亿吨的粗钢。位居第二的日本则远低于中国，产量为1.1亿吨。美国处于第三位，产量大约为8000万吨。
2. Cotton
2.棉花
> China production: 7.3 million metric tons in 2011
中国产量：2011年730万吨
> U.S. production: 3.4 million metric tons in 2011
美国产量：2011年340万吨
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
In 2000, the U.S. produced 4.2 million metric tons of cotton — the largest amount in the world. China was not far behind, producing 3.81 million metric tons. By 2008, however, China had not only surpassed the U.S., but made nearly double the U.S.’s production amount. China produced approximately 8.1 million metric tons to the U.S.’s 4.2 million. A year earlier, the U.S. lost its second spot among top cotton producers to India, thanks in part to technological breakthroughs in seed and production practices. Between 2011 and 2012, China produced 7.3 million metric tons, India produced 6 million and the U.S. was third, producing 3.4 million.
2000年，美国的棉花产量为420万吨——位居世界第一。而中国差的也并不多。该国的产量为381万吨。不过，到了2008年，中国的棉花产量不仅超过了美国，而且还是美国产量的两倍。中国生产了大约810万吨，而美国则生产了420万吨。而在一年前，美国失去了棉花产量世界第二的位置，印度取而代之。部分原因是后者在种子和生产实践上的技术突破。在2011到2012年间，中国生产了730万吨，印度生产了600万吨，而美国位居第三，生产了340万吨。
3. Initial Public Offerings
3. 首次公开募股
> China production: $73 billion raised in 2011
中国：2011年筹资730亿美元
> U.S. production: $30.7 billion raised in 2011
美国：2011年筹资307亿美元
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
Even in the world of finance the U.S. is losing its dominance to China. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, “the yearly average of U.S. IPOs has decreased from 27 percent [global share] in the 1990s to 12 percent in the 2000s.” And as the U.S.’s share of IPO proceeds decreased, China’s share increased. It is now the world leader in IPOs. In 2011, companies raised a total of $73 billion through IPOs in the Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock markets. This is nearly double the amount raised in New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, according to Dealogic. The last time the U.S. raised the most in IPO funds globally was 2008.
即使是在世界金融领域，美国也将它的优势地位输给了中国。国家统计局做出的经济研究表明，“美国年均首次公开募股从1990年的 27%（全球股份）降低到了2000年的12%”在美国首次公开募股 的股份降低的同时，中国的股份增加了。现在该国成了这个领域的新领导者。根据迪罗基提供的报告，在2011年，上海、深圳和香港的股票市场通过首次公开募股，共募集到730亿美元。这是纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克募集数额的两倍。美国最后一次募集到最多的资金是在2008年。
4. Tobacco
4.烟草
> China production: 3 million metric tons in 2010
中国产量：2010年300万吨
> U.S. production: 0.33 million metric tons in 2010
美国产量：2010年33万吨
> U.S. position: 4th
美国排名：世界第四
Until 1976, the U.S. produced the largest share of the world’s tobacco. Today, the U.S. only produces 6% of the global output, according to Stephan Richter, editor-in-chief of The Globalist, in an interview by Marketplace. The most recent data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations places the U.S. as the fourth-largest producer of tobacco in the world. China is the largest, producing more than 3 million metric tons of the crop in 2010. The U.S. produced slightly more than 326,000 metric tons that year. The other larger producers are Brazil and India, in that order.
直到1976年，美国的烟草产量在世界上最多。按 The Globalist 主编 Stephan Richter在一次业界采访的话说，今天，美国的产量仅在全球烟草出口中占据6%.在联合国粮食和农业组织发布的最近数据中，美国在烟草生产领域位居世界第四。中国则是第一，在2010年生产了300万吨。美国的产量比32.6万吨略高。产量位居前三的另外两个国家，则是巴西和印度。
5. Autos
5.汽车
> China production: 18.3 million autos in 2010
中国产量：2010年1830万量
> U.S. production: 7.8 million autos in 2010
美国产量：2010年780万量
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
Automotive manufacturing is considered one of the U.S.’s most critical industries. But in recent years, other countries have surpassed the U.S., which is now the third-largest producer of autos in the world, according to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers. The American auto industry nearly collapsed in 2008, requiring massive federal support for General Motors (NYSE: GM) and Chrysler. By 2010, the U.S. manufactured 7.8 million cars and commercial vehicles. Japan, which is headquarters to major brands such as Toyota (NYSE: TM), Honda (NYSE: HMC), Nissan, and Mazda, produced 9.6 million vehicles — the second most — although damage caused by the earthquake has hurt production in the country. China is the world’s largest carmaker, producing 18.3 million in 2010.
汽车制造被认为是美国最关键的工业之一。但是在最近几年，其他国家已经超过了美国。根据国际汽车制造商协会发布的数据，现在美国在该领域位居世界第三。美国的汽车工业最近一次收缩是在2008年，此时通用汽车和克莱斯勒寻求联邦政府的巨额支持。到了2010年，美国生产了780万辆民用商用汽车。日本总部的大品牌，比如丰田、本田、日产和马自达，总计生产了960万辆，位居世界第二——虽然地震损害了该国的生产。中国是世界上最大的汽车生产商，在2010年制造了1830万辆。
6. Beer Production
6.啤酒生产
> China production: 443.8 million hectoliters in 2010
中国产量：2010年4.438亿公斤
> U.S. production: 227.8 million hectoliters in 2010
美国产量：2010年2.278亿公斤
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
The U.S. lost its top position even in beer production. In 2000, the U.S. beer industry was the greatest in the world, producing 232 million hectoliters, compared with China’s 220 million. One decade later, and China is in first place, generating 443.8 million hectoliters of beer, versus the U.S.’s 227.8 million. Not only does China have a population that is more than four times that of the U.S., but beer consumption in the country has increased dramatically in recent years. According to the World Health Organization, the average Chinese citizen drank about half a bottle of beer in 1961. By 2007, that amount had increased to 103 beers per year.
美国甚至在啤酒生产领域也失去了它的头把交椅。在2000年，美国的啤酒工业世界最大，生产了2.32亿公斤的啤酒，与此同时中国的产量是2.2亿公斤。十年之后，中国取而代之，产量为4.438亿公斤，而美国则是2.278亿公斤。在最近几年，不仅中国的人口是美国的四倍，该国的消费市场也在戏剧性地增加。根据世界卫生组织的统计，1967年，中国人年均饮用量为半瓶啤酒。到了2007年，这个数字变成了103.
7. High-Technology Exports
7.高科技出口
> China production: $348 billion in 2009
中国产值：2009年3480亿美元
> U.S. production: $142 billion in 2009
美国产值：2009年1420亿美元
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
High-technology exports are defined as “products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery,” according to the World Bank. The U.S. remains home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world, and the rest of industries mentioned are also huge domestically. According to the World Bank, China began earning more from high-technology exports than the U.S. as recently as 2005. In 2009, Chinese high-technology exports were worth $348 billion. High-technology exports from the U.S. were worth a more modest $142 billion.
根据世界银行的定义，高科技出口是“研发强度高的领域，比如航天、电脑、制药、科学仪器、电器机械领域”。美国仍然保持着世界上最大的制药工业，而上述工业在美国仍然形成了庞大家族。根据世界银行发布的数据，中国在高科技出口方面超过美国是从2005年开始的。到了2009年，中国的高科技出口价值3480亿美元，美国的高科技出口略微超过1420亿美元。
8. Coal Production
8.煤炭生产
> China production: 3.24 billion short tons produced in 2010
中国产量：2010年32.4亿吨
> U.S. production: 985 million tons produced in 2010
美国产量：2010年 9.85亿吨
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
America led the world in coal production up until 1984, and it is now a distant second to China. According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, the U.S. produced just under 1 billion tons of coal in 2010. China produced more than three times that amount, generating 3.2 billion short tons. There has been exponential growth in the Chinese energy infrastructure in the past decade. Since 2005, American coal production has decreased slightly, while Chinese production has increased by nearly 38%. Despite the U.S.’s decline in coal production, it is still the world’s second-largest producer, and combined, the two countries account for more than half of the world’s total coal production.
直到1984年，美国在煤炭生产领域仍然引领世界。现在次于中国。根据英国石油公司发布的世界能源统计报告，美国在2010年的煤炭产量低于10亿吨。中国的产量是美国的三点几倍，产量为三十二点几。在过去十年，中国的能源基础设施呈指数级增长。自2005年以来，美国的煤炭产量略微下滑，而中国的煤炭产量增长了将近38%.虽然美国在该领域有所下滑，该国仍然是世界第二大煤炭生产商，中美两国占据了世界煤炭生产的半壁江山。
====================================================================
评论翻译；
Raiderthree
267 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:36 PM)
"In 1973, the U.S. was the largest producer of steel, making more than 136 million metric tons of crude steel, according to the Internatio-nal Iron and Steel Institute. Up to that point, the U.S. had enjoyed many decades of industry dominance, centered around the city of Pittsburgh."
“据国际钢铁协会统计，在1973年，美国是钢铁的最大生产商，制造了超过1.36亿吨的粗钢。在那之前，围绕着美国城市匹兹堡，美国已享受了几十年的工业优势。”
Thanks you environmen-talist for this. You people are destroying this country.
感谢环保主义者们。你们这些人正在摧毁这个国家。
（回复楼上）
lightningbolt
1469 Fans
16 hours ago ( 5:57 PM)
This has nothing to do with environmentalism. It has more to do with outsourcing and corruption
这和环保无关。事关外包和腐败。
56 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:44 PM)
Out of nine, coal, beer, tobacco and big cars are all industries we don't want.
剔除这些工业：煤炭、啤酒、烟草和大汽车是我们所不需要的。
stmonica
69 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:56 PM)
Somebody needs to study Cuba! Remember what happened to "American" companies when Castro got tired of their greed? It has already started with the Chinese workers at Apple. Who do you really believe the Chinese will protect? Remember, they don't have to "lose" Apple, they can just take it!
一些人需要研究一下古巴！还记得在卡斯特罗对一些“美国人”的公司的贪婪产生厌倦以后，这些公司是怎么做的么？他们开始让中国工人为苹果工作。你们真以为中国人会保障谁的利益？记着，他们不会让自己“失去”苹果，他们只会带走它！
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
David Fiderer
201 Fans
17 hours ago ( 4:40 PM)
Two of those industries---coal and tobacco--c-reate toxic products. To save planet earth, we need to scale down global coal combustion. To save lives, we need to reduce tobacco consumption. Our volume of IPOs has been curtailed by private equity players, like Bain Capital.
在这些工业中，有两个——煤炭和烟草——制造的是有毒的产品。为了保护地球，我们需要缩减全球煤炭的消耗。为了保护生命，我们需要减少全球烟草的消费。我们有关首次公开募股的呼吁被一些私人股本公司，比如Bain Capital封锁了。
baxtron
tek phlarpt
239 Fans
17 hours ago ( 4:52 PM)
Tobacco, beer, and coal. Who cares. There's enough American beer throughtout the world. Keep importing cheap Chinese products with no import tax and this will continue. High Tech exports is embarrassi-ng. it's .com not .usa. We invented all of the high tech industries and yet have few exports to show for it.
烟草、啤酒和煤炭？谁在乎。美国啤酒在世界上够多了。继续以零进口税进口廉价的中国商品，美国将更加落后。在高科技出口方面，领先的是共产主义国家而不是美国，这确实令人尴尬。我们发明了所有的高科技工业，却只用少量的出口来证明这点。
oilfield
small manufacturing business owner
455 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:19 PM)
we dont need to make anything....as the canadians say about us....we are going to make the entire country a national park. folks dont need to work, because the government can print almost as much as it takes in every year to feed our citizens.
what we need is more regulation, higher health care costs, and tougher environmental laws....
我们不必生产任何东西。。。这是加拿大人在谈到我们时说的。。。我们在让整个国家变成一个公园。人们不必工作，因为政府每年可以印制足够的钞票养活人民。我们需要的是更具规范同时也更高的卫生保健成本，和更严格的环境法规。。。
TimAnderson
0 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:27 PM)
When America began losing its manufacturing (and productive) sectors, economists said that it "didn't matter", as manufacturing jobs will simply be replaced by service jobs. We are now seeing the lessons of that folly. Service jobs don't create the same value or the level of production an industrialized country needs to survive. The first-world countries that are doing well: Germany and Japan, have kept their manufacturing. But look where the US, UK, Italy, (most of) France are headed.
在美国开始失去它的制造业（和生产）部门时，经济学家们表示“没问题”，因为制造业的工作会简单地被服务业的工作所取代。现在我们明白了这种愚昧想法的代价。服务业创造的价值与一个工业化国家赖以生存的价值并不等同。第一世界的国家（德国和日本）就做得很好，它们保留了自己的制造业。但是看看美国、英国、意大利的制造业，还有法国的大多数制造业，它们都在被别人领导。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
judi9694
25 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:30 PM)
Guess what people, the US can manufacture and produce raw goods too, we did it before and we can do it again. Let's face it, we are better off with manufacturing and lower wages, than no manufacturing and no jobs. We just have to accept we have taken a slide and rebuild this country. Keep the politicians out of business. They are trying to make you believe we lost, but we have not. It is in their interest to have China and other countries manufacture. They are not looking at jobs on a national level, they are looking at international gross product and it doesn't matter what country wins the prize.
大家想想为什么会这样。美国仍然能开展制造业、生产原材料。我们以前能这么做，以后也能。让我们面对事实吧：与其既没有制造业又没有工作、不如拥有制造业但拿着较低的工资。我们只需转变观念，然后重建国家。让政客们滚出商业领域。他们竭力让你们相信我们已经失去这些工业了，但其实我们没有。让中国和其他国家拥有制造业就是这些人的兴趣所在。他们不是从国家利益的角度考虑工作问题的，他们着眼于国际生产总值。但即便美国在该领域取得奖项，也没有意义。
KarmaPatrol
47 Fans
14 hours ago ( 8:20 PM)
So the Chinese are brewing more beer (iirc they got the brewing expertise from the German concession area) and making more tobacco? I do not see where the production itself is bad ... and TsingTao isn't a bad beer. Just not up to snuff with some fresher craft brew options. It is about 30 days across the Pacific afterall.
所以中国人酿造的啤酒更多（如果我记得没错，他们是从德国特区得到的酿酒技术），制造的烟草也更多？我看不出自行生产这些产品有何害处。。。当然青岛啤酒也不错。只要别进口那些不符合标准的用新鲜工艺酿造的啤酒就好。毕竟从太平洋运来得花上30天。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
olitenup
520 Fans
13 hours ago ( 8:53 PM)
Add general aviation, and commercial airline maintenance. The Wright Brothers would be mortified.
加上通用航空和民航维修。莱特兄弟肯定会觉得不爽。
We did not lose all these industries, we handed them to China, and in many instances, we sold this technology at fire-sale prices.
我们没有失去这些工业，我们把它们交给了中国。在很多时候，我们以特价出售了这些技术。
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Dosadi
Political agnostic
2393 Fans
12 hours ago (10:23 PM)
Incredible. China built 18.3 million autos and no one can name one brand name,not one.
难以置信。中国人制造了1830万量汽车，但没人能说出一个中国汽车品牌的名字。一个也没有。
groland
440 Fans
10 hours ago (12:05 AM)
Most of China's technology was handed over willingly by US and other foreign companies. Back in the 90s there was a race to get into China. Read the story of McDonnellDouglas and their attempt to get into the Chinese aviation market. It ended up bankrupting the company. Meanwhile, the Germans fear the Chinese are stealing their industrial secrets. They do not respect trademarks or intellectual property.
大多数的中国科技是被美国的和他国的公司自愿移交的。在90年代，许多公司争相进入中国。读读麦道公司的故事和他们为了进入中国市场所做的努力。这最终导致该公司破产。与此同时，德国人也在担忧中国人窃取他们的工业机密。中国人不尊重商标和知识产权。
I wonder how all the conservative trolls here feel about the US buying most of its consumer goods from a communist country? You can thank our Corporate titans and their Wall st. financiers
我好奇这儿的保守派们会怎样看待美国从一个共产主义国家进口大多数消费品。你们可以感谢大公司和华尔街的金融家。
mashtoe
667 Fans
6 hours ago ( 3:38 AM)
End trade with communist slave labor dictatorships like China. Problem solved. Before Bill Clinton opened up the US to imports from communist China we were doing fine. Blame the Democrats for this. NAFTA and H-1b work visas are also the fault of the Democrats.
终止同使用奴隶劳工的共产主义独裁政权（比如中国）的贸易，问题解决。在比尔克林顿开放美国向中国的进口之前，一切顺利。在这一点上谴责民主党吧。北美自由贸易协定和H-1B工作签证也是民主党的错。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Joseph DeLacy
36 Fans
2 hours ago ( 8:09 AM)
While this may be a scary slideshow, we should put things into perspective. Such as the fact they have a billion cheap laborers, and have tons of natural resources.
虽然文中所提可能令人担忧，我们还是应当透过现象看本质。出现这种情况是因为他们有着十亿的廉价劳动力，还有成吨的自然资源。
CenaW
790 Fans
10 hours ago (11:52 PM)
We didn't lose them
我们没有失去它们
These industries were handed over to Communist China by the
Conservative billionaires.
这些工业是由隶属保守派的亿万富翁们转交给共产主义中国的。
They got richer and now our nation is in grave danger.
他们变得更加富有，而我们国家的处境则变得非常危险。
512 Fans
6 hours ago ( 4:19 AM)
Thanks obama.
感谢奥巴马。
lightningbolt
1469 Fans
16 hours ago ( 5:55 PM)
The industries mentioned above are the backbone of the US economy. We can thank Bush for this disaster.
上面所提的这些工业是美国经济的支柱。多谢小布什带来了这场灾难。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Warren Yuill
Jesus Built My Hot-Rod
45 Fans
1 hour ago ( 8:54 AM)
China's model for economic success.
中国是经济成功的典范。
Subsidize steel to the point where nobody can compete.
通过补助钢铁工业，使该行业无人能敌。
Dominate world steel production.
他们支配着世界钢铁生产。
Use profits to subsidize other industries to the point nobody can compete.
他们用取得的利润补助其他工业，让它们也无人能敌。
Dominate said industries (ex. solar panels)
取得优势地位。（比如太阳能电池板。）
Repeat repeat repeat.
以此类推。
Central control, central planning
中央控制，中央规划。
Buy, coerce, extort, steal,reverse engineer.
购买、强迫、勒索、窃取、逆向工程。
Long view?
深谋远虑？
Business is war.
商场如战场。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
becky bradshaw
344 Fans
12 hours ago ( 9:41 PM)
There is a difference between losing an industry by being replaced (like computer chips, cellphones, and computers) and being supplemented (coal, cotton).
由于被替代（比如电脑芯片，手机和电脑）而导致工业落后与由于被填补（煤炭，棉花）而导致工业落后是有区别的。
http://www.ltaaa.com/wtfy/3980.html正文翻译:
Americans are used to the U.S. being the leader, or a top-ranked nation, in many areas. But in a number of industries and businesses, the U.S. has lost that first place, usually to China. While some, such as coal production, may not come as a surprise, other industries the U.S. has lost the market leadership might. 24/7 Wall St. looked at a large number of manufacturing, agricultural and financial businesses to find those in which China has surpassed the U.S.
美国人民已经习惯了美国在许多领域当领导者或是最佳国家的日子。不过，在一些工商业领域，美国已经失去了第一名的宝座，而替代者往往是中国。当然，在有的领域，比如煤炭生产，美国被人替代并不出人意料。在其他一些工业领域，美国则失去了市场领导地位。24/7 Wall St.在考察了大量的工业、农业和商业领域后，发现了一些中国超过美国的领域。
For several years, economists have said that China’s GDP growth indicates that its economy will pass that of the U.S. in the next two or three decades. China’s GDP is measured at about $6.5 trillion, now second in the world. America’s GDP is over $15.2 trillion, according to the International Monetary Fund. While China certainly has much catching up to do, the two countries’ rate of GDP growth is also very different. Last year, China’s economy expanded at more than 9%. America’s GDP grew at a little better than 2%.
多年以来，经济学家们总是说，按照中国GDP的增长速度，在二三十年内，该国GDP将超过美国。据国际货币基金组织统计，中国GDP约为6.5万亿美元，现居世界第二。美国的GDP超过15.2万亿美元。虽然现在的中国还有许多地方需要赶超，但是，两国的GDP年增长率有着天壤之别。去年，中国经济的增长超过9%.美国经济的增长低于2%
One reason that China continues to gain so rapidly on the U.S. is the high cost of American labor and manufacturing. In fact, U.S. manufacturing costs have risen so much that they are much higher than in any developed nation with factory capacity. This includes countries like China, Mexico and South Korea — places the U.S. and Japanese companies often contract to do their factory work. The labor price advantage has helped China become the largest steel producer in the world. China is also first place in car manufacturing.
中国能继续保持如此迅猛增长的原因之一，是美国劳工和美国工业的高成本。事实上，美国工业的成本已经提高得太多，在工业生产能力方面，其成本已经大大超过了其他发展中国家，比如中国，墨西哥和韩国——这些国家受雇于美国和日本的公司，替代了它们原先的工作。劳动力成本的优势帮助中国成为了世界上最大的钢铁生产商。中国在汽车工业领域也占有头把交椅。
Low labor costs are not the sole reason China has become the single largest provider of many goods. China’s 1.3 trillion citizens have become voracious consumers as workers in its manufacturing sector have grown the number of its middle class. China also has decided that it is often financially better to provide its own raw material for its factories — items like cotton — than it is to import such items from overseas.
在许多货物的供给方面，中国是最大且唯一的供给商。不过，低廉的劳动力成本并非是唯一原因。工业部门的工人们推高了中产阶级的数量，中国的13亿人民也成了拥有旺盛购买力的消费者。该国也利用资金实现自给自足，为本国工厂提供原料——比如棉花——而非从海外进口此类物品。
24/7 Wall St. examined the manufacturing, agricultural and financial businesses in which China has surpassed the U.S. China likely will become the world’s largest economy based on GDP. It certainly has shown that it has the capacity to advance on that position — one large industry at a time.
24/7 Wall St.考察了工业、农业和商业领域里中国超过美国的领域。中国有望凭借GDP成为世界最大的经济体。有迹象表明，该国有能力取得这一地位——与此同时，该国将形成庞大的工业体系。
1. Steel
1.钢铁>
China production: 627 million metric tons in 2010
中国产量：2010年6.27亿吨
> U.S. production: 80 million metric tons in 2010
美国产量：2010年8000万吨
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
In 1973, the U.S. was the largest producer of steel, making more than 136 million metric tons of crude steel, according to the International Iron and Steel Institute. Up to that point, the U.S. had enjoyed many decades of industry dominance, centered around the city of Pittsburgh. The following year, U.S. production was overtaken by the USSR, which produced 136.2 million metric tons, compared with the U.S.’s 132.2 million. Today, however, completely different players dominate the steel market. In 2010, the world’s top producer of crude steel was China, which produced approximately 627 million metric tons. Japan was a distant second-largest producer with nearly 110 million metric tons. The U.S. was third, producing approximately 80 million.
据国际钢铁协会统计，在1973年，美国是钢铁的最大生产商，制造了超过1.36亿吨的粗钢。在那之前，围绕着美国城市匹兹堡，美国已享受了几十年的工业优势。 在随后一年，美国的产量被苏联超过，后者生产了1.362亿吨，而美国则是1.322亿吨。然而在今天，一个完全不同的对手取得了钢铁市场的支配地位。2010年，世界最大的粗钢生产商是中国，该国生产了约6.27亿吨的粗钢。位居第二的日本则远低于中国，产量为1.1亿吨。美国处于第三位，产量大约为8000万吨。
2. Cotton
2.棉花
> China production: 7.3 million metric tons in 2011
中国产量：2011年730万吨
> U.S. production: 3.4 million metric tons in 2011
美国产量：2011年340万吨
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
In 2000, the U.S. produced 4.2 million metric tons of cotton — the largest amount in the world. China was not far behind, producing 3.81 million metric tons. By 2008, however, China had not only surpassed the U.S., but made nearly double the U.S.’s production amount. China produced approximately 8.1 million metric tons to the U.S.’s 4.2 million. A year earlier, the U.S. lost its second spot among top cotton producers to India, thanks in part to technological breakthroughs in seed and production practices. Between 2011 and 2012, China produced 7.3 million metric tons, India produced 6 million and the U.S. was third, producing 3.4 million.
2000年，美国的棉花产量为420万吨——位居世界第一。而中国差的也并不多。该国的产量为381万吨。不过，到了2008年，中国的棉花产量不仅超过了美国，而且还是美国产量的两倍。中国生产了大约810万吨，而美国则生产了420万吨。而在一年前，美国失去了棉花产量世界第二的位置，印度取而代之。部分原因是后者在种子和生产实践上的技术突破。在2011到2012年间，中国生产了730万吨，印度生产了600万吨，而美国位居第三，生产了340万吨。
3. Initial Public Offerings
3. 首次公开募股
> China production: $73 billion raised in 2011
中国：2011年筹资730亿美元
> U.S. production: $30.7 billion raised in 2011
美国：2011年筹资307亿美元
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
Even in the world of finance the U.S. is losing its dominance to China. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, “the yearly average of U.S. IPOs has decreased from 27 percent [global share] in the 1990s to 12 percent in the 2000s.” And as the U.S.’s share of IPO proceeds decreased, China’s share increased. It is now the world leader in IPOs. In 2011, companies raised a total of $73 billion through IPOs in the Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock markets. This is nearly double the amount raised in New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, according to Dealogic. The last time the U.S. raised the most in IPO funds globally was 2008.
即使是在世界金融领域，美国也将它的优势地位输给了中国。国家统计局做出的经济研究表明，“美国年均首次公开募股从1990年的 27%（全球股份）降低到了2000年的12%”在美国首次公开募股 的股份降低的同时，中国的股份增加了。现在该国成了这个领域的新领导者。根据迪罗基提供的报告，在2011年，上海、深圳和香港的股票市场通过首次公开募股，共募集到730亿美元。这是纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克募集数额的两倍。美国最后一次募集到最多的资金是在2008年。
4. Tobacco
4.烟草
> China production: 3 million metric tons in 2010
中国产量：2010年300万吨
> U.S. production: 0.33 million metric tons in 2010
美国产量：2010年33万吨
> U.S. position: 4th
美国排名：世界第四
Until 1976, the U.S. produced the largest share of the world’s tobacco. Today, the U.S. only produces 6% of the global output, according to Stephan Richter, editor-in-chief of The Globalist, in an interview by Marketplace. The most recent data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations places the U.S. as the fourth-largest producer of tobacco in the world. China is the largest, producing more than 3 million metric tons of the crop in 2010. The U.S. produced slightly more than 326,000 metric tons that year. The other larger producers are Brazil and India, in that order.
直到1976年，美国的烟草产量在世界上最多。按 The Globalist 主编 Stephan Richter在一次业界采访的话说，今天，美国的产量仅在全球烟草出口中占据6%.在联合国粮食和农业组织发布的最近数据中，美国在烟草生产领域位居世界第四。中国则是第一，在2010年生产了300万吨。美国的产量比32.6万吨略高。产量位居前三的另外两个国家，则是巴西和印度。
5. Autos
5.汽车
> China production: 18.3 million autos in 2010
中国产量：2010年1830万量
> U.S. production: 7.8 million autos in 2010
美国产量：2010年780万量
> U.S. position: 3rd
美国排名：世界第三
Automotive manufacturing is considered one of the U.S.’s most critical industries. But in recent years, other countries have surpassed the U.S., which is now the third-largest producer of autos in the world, according to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers. The American auto industry nearly collapsed in 2008, requiring massive federal support for General Motors (NYSE: GM) and Chrysler. By 2010, the U.S. manufactured 7.8 million cars and commercial vehicles. Japan, which is headquarters to major brands such as Toyota (NYSE: TM), Honda (NYSE: HMC), Nissan, and Mazda, produced 9.6 million vehicles — the second most — although damage caused by the earthquake has hurt production in the country. China is the world’s largest carmaker, producing 18.3 million in 2010.
汽车制造被认为是美国最关键的工业之一。但是在最近几年，其他国家已经超过了美国。根据国际汽车制造商协会发布的数据，现在美国在该领域位居世界第三。美国的汽车工业最近一次收缩是在2008年，此时通用汽车和克莱斯勒寻求联邦政府的巨额支持。到了2010年，美国生产了780万辆民用商用汽车。日本总部的大品牌，比如丰田、本田、日产和马自达，总计生产了960万辆，位居世界第二——虽然地震损害了该国的生产。中国是世界上最大的汽车生产商，在2010年制造了1830万辆。
6. Beer Production
6.啤酒生产
> China production: 443.8 million hectoliters in 2010
中国产量：2010年4.438亿公斤
> U.S. production: 227.8 million hectoliters in 2010
美国产量：2010年2.278亿公斤
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
The U.S. lost its top position even in beer production. In 2000, the U.S. beer industry was the greatest in the world, producing 232 million hectoliters, compared with China’s 220 million. One decade later, and China is in first place, generating 443.8 million hectoliters of beer, versus the U.S.’s 227.8 million. Not only does China have a population that is more than four times that of the U.S., but beer consumption in the country has increased dramatically in recent years. According to the World Health Organization, the average Chinese citizen drank about half a bottle of beer in 1961. By 2007, that amount had increased to 103 beers per year.
美国甚至在啤酒生产领域也失去了它的头把交椅。在2000年，美国的啤酒工业世界最大，生产了2.32亿公斤的啤酒，与此同时中国的产量是2.2亿公斤。十年之后，中国取而代之，产量为4.438亿公斤，而美国则是2.278亿公斤。在最近几年，不仅中国的人口是美国的四倍，该国的消费市场也在戏剧性地增加。根据世界卫生组织的统计，1967年，中国人年均饮用量为半瓶啤酒。到了2007年，这个数字变成了103.
7. High-Technology Exports
7.高科技出口
> China production: $348 billion in 2009
中国产值：2009年3480亿美元
> U.S. production: $142 billion in 2009
美国产值：2009年1420亿美元
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
High-technology exports are defined as “products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery,” according to the World Bank. The U.S. remains home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world, and the rest of industries mentioned are also huge domestically. According to the World Bank, China began earning more from high-technology exports than the U.S. as recently as 2005. In 2009, Chinese high-technology exports were worth $348 billion. High-technology exports from the U.S. were worth a more modest $142 billion.
根据世界银行的定义，高科技出口是“研发强度高的领域，比如航天、电脑、制药、科学仪器、电器机械领域”。美国仍然保持着世界上最大的制药工业，而上述工业在美国仍然形成了庞大家族。根据世界银行发布的数据，中国在高科技出口方面超过美国是从2005年开始的。到了2009年，中国的高科技出口价值3480亿美元，美国的高科技出口略微超过1420亿美元。
8. Coal Production
8.煤炭生产
> China production: 3.24 billion short tons produced in 2010
中国产量：2010年32.4亿吨
> U.S. production: 985 million tons produced in 2010
美国产量：2010年 9.85亿吨
> U.S. position: 2nd
美国排名：世界第二
America led the world in coal production up until 1984, and it is now a distant second to China. According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, the U.S. produced just under 1 billion tons of coal in 2010. China produced more than three times that amount, generating 3.2 billion short tons. There has been exponential growth in the Chinese energy infrastructure in the past decade. Since 2005, American coal production has decreased slightly, while Chinese production has increased by nearly 38%. Despite the U.S.’s decline in coal production, it is still the world’s second-largest producer, and combined, the two countries account for more than half of the world’s total coal production.
直到1984年，美国在煤炭生产领域仍然引领世界。现在次于中国。根据英国石油公司发布的世界能源统计报告，美国在2010年的煤炭产量低于10亿吨。中国的产量是美国的三点几倍，产量为三十二点几。在过去十年，中国的能源基础设施呈指数级增长。自2005年以来，美国的煤炭产量略微下滑，而中国的煤炭产量增长了将近38%.虽然美国在该领域有所下滑，该国仍然是世界第二大煤炭生产商，中美两国占据了世界煤炭生产的半壁江山。
====================================================================
评论翻译；
Raiderthree
267 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:36 PM)
"In 1973, the U.S. was the largest producer of steel, making more than 136 million metric tons of crude steel, according to the Internatio-nal Iron and Steel Institute. Up to that point, the U.S. had enjoyed many decades of industry dominance, centered around the city of Pittsburgh."
“据国际钢铁协会统计，在1973年，美国是钢铁的最大生产商，制造了超过1.36亿吨的粗钢。在那之前，围绕着美国城市匹兹堡，美国已享受了几十年的工业优势。”
Thanks you environmen-talist for this. You people are destroying this country.
感谢环保主义者们。你们这些人正在摧毁这个国家。
（回复楼上）
lightningbolt
1469 Fans
16 hours ago ( 5:57 PM)
This has nothing to do with environmentalism. It has more to do with outsourcing and corruption
这和环保无关。事关外包和腐败。
56 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:44 PM)
Out of nine, coal, beer, tobacco and big cars are all industries we don't want.
剔除这些工业：煤炭、啤酒、烟草和大汽车是我们所不需要的。
stmonica
69 Fans
18 hours ago ( 3:56 PM)
Somebody needs to study Cuba! Remember what happened to "American" companies when Castro got tired of their greed? It has already started with the Chinese workers at Apple. Who do you really believe the Chinese will protect? Remember, they don't have to "lose" Apple, they can just take it!
一些人需要研究一下古巴！还记得在卡斯特罗对一些“美国人”的公司的贪婪产生厌倦以后，这些公司是怎么做的么？他们开始让中国工人为苹果工作。你们真以为中国人会保障谁的利益？记着，他们不会让自己“失去”苹果，他们只会带走它！
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
David Fiderer
201 Fans
17 hours ago ( 4:40 PM)
Two of those industries---coal and tobacco--c-reate toxic products. To save planet earth, we need to scale down global coal combustion. To save lives, we need to reduce tobacco consumption. Our volume of IPOs has been curtailed by private equity players, like Bain Capital.
在这些工业中，有两个——煤炭和烟草——制造的是有毒的产品。为了保护地球，我们需要缩减全球煤炭的消耗。为了保护生命，我们需要减少全球烟草的消费。我们有关首次公开募股的呼吁被一些私人股本公司，比如Bain Capital封锁了。
baxtron
tek phlarpt
239 Fans
17 hours ago ( 4:52 PM)
Tobacco, beer, and coal. Who cares. There's enough American beer throughtout the world. Keep importing cheap Chinese products with no import tax and this will continue. High Tech exports is embarrassi-ng. it's .com not .usa. We invented all of the high tech industries and yet have few exports to show for it.
烟草、啤酒和煤炭？谁在乎。美国啤酒在世界上够多了。继续以零进口税进口廉价的中国商品，美国将更加落后。在高科技出口方面，领先的是共产主义国家而不是美国，这确实令人尴尬。我们发明了所有的高科技工业，却只用少量的出口来证明这点。
oilfield
small manufacturing business owner
455 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:19 PM)
we dont need to make anything....as the canadians say about us....we are going to make the entire country a national park. folks dont need to work, because the government can print almost as much as it takes in every year to feed our citizens.
what we need is more regulation, higher health care costs, and tougher environmental laws....
我们不必生产任何东西。。。这是加拿大人在谈到我们时说的。。。我们在让整个国家变成一个公园。人们不必工作，因为政府每年可以印制足够的钞票养活人民。我们需要的是更具规范同时也更高的卫生保健成本，和更严格的环境法规。。。
TimAnderson
0 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:27 PM)
When America began losing its manufacturing (and productive) sectors, economists said that it "didn't matter", as manufacturing jobs will simply be replaced by service jobs. We are now seeing the lessons of that folly. Service jobs don't create the same value or the level of production an industrialized country needs to survive. The first-world countries that are doing well: Germany and Japan, have kept their manufacturing. But look where the US, UK, Italy, (most of) France are headed.
在美国开始失去它的制造业（和生产）部门时，经济学家们表示“没问题”，因为制造业的工作会简单地被服务业的工作所取代。现在我们明白了这种愚昧想法的代价。服务业创造的价值与一个工业化国家赖以生存的价值并不等同。第一世界的国家（德国和日本）就做得很好，它们保留了自己的制造业。但是看看美国、英国、意大利的制造业，还有法国的大多数制造业，它们都在被别人领导。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
judi9694
25 Fans
15 hours ago ( 7:30 PM)
Guess what people, the US can manufacture and produce raw goods too, we did it before and we can do it again. Let's face it, we are better off with manufacturing and lower wages, than no manufacturing and no jobs. We just have to accept we have taken a slide and rebuild this country. Keep the politicians out of business. They are trying to make you believe we lost, but we have not. It is in their interest to have China and other countries manufacture. They are not looking at jobs on a national level, they are looking at international gross product and it doesn't matter what country wins the prize.
大家想想为什么会这样。美国仍然能开展制造业、生产原材料。我们以前能这么做，以后也能。让我们面对事实吧：与其既没有制造业又没有工作、不如拥有制造业但拿着较低的工资。我们只需转变观念，然后重建国家。让政客们滚出商业领域。他们竭力让你们相信我们已经失去这些工业了，但其实我们没有。让中国和其他国家拥有制造业就是这些人的兴趣所在。他们不是从国家利益的角度考虑工作问题的，他们着眼于国际生产总值。但即便美国在该领域取得奖项，也没有意义。
KarmaPatrol
47 Fans
14 hours ago ( 8:20 PM)
So the Chinese are brewing more beer (iirc they got the brewing expertise from the German concession area) and making more tobacco? I do not see where the production itself is bad ... and TsingTao isn't a bad beer. Just not up to snuff with some fresher craft brew options. It is about 30 days across the Pacific afterall.
所以中国人酿造的啤酒更多（如果我记得没错，他们是从德国特区得到的酿酒技术），制造的烟草也更多？我看不出自行生产这些产品有何害处。。。当然青岛啤酒也不错。只要别进口那些不符合标准的用新鲜工艺酿造的啤酒就好。毕竟从太平洋运来得花上30天。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
olitenup
520 Fans
13 hours ago ( 8:53 PM)
Add general aviation, and commercial airline maintenance. The Wright Brothers would be mortified.
加上通用航空和民航维修。莱特兄弟肯定会觉得不爽。
We did not lose all these industries, we handed them to China, and in many instances, we sold this technology at fire-sale prices.
我们没有失去这些工业，我们把它们交给了中国。在很多时候，我们以特价出售了这些技术。
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Dosadi
Political agnostic
2393 Fans
12 hours ago (10:23 PM)
Incredible. China built 18.3 million autos and no one can name one brand name,not one.
难以置信。中国人制造了1830万量汽车，但没人能说出一个中国汽车品牌的名字。一个也没有。
groland
440 Fans
10 hours ago (12:05 AM)
Most of China's technology was handed over willingly by US and other foreign companies. Back in the 90s there was a race to get into China. Read the story of McDonnellDouglas and their attempt to get into the Chinese aviation market. It ended up bankrupting the company. Meanwhile, the Germans fear the Chinese are stealing their industrial secrets. They do not respect trademarks or intellectual property.
大多数的中国科技是被美国的和他国的公司自愿移交的。在90年代，许多公司争相进入中国。读读麦道公司的故事和他们为了进入中国市场所做的努力。这最终导致该公司破产。与此同时，德国人也在担忧中国人窃取他们的工业机密。中国人不尊重商标和知识产权。
I wonder how all the conservative trolls here feel about the US buying most of its consumer goods from a communist country? You can thank our Corporate titans and their Wall st. financiers
我好奇这儿的保守派们会怎样看待美国从一个共产主义国家进口大多数消费品。你们可以感谢大公司和华尔街的金融家。
mashtoe
667 Fans
6 hours ago ( 3:38 AM)
End trade with communist slave labor dictatorships like China. Problem solved. Before Bill Clinton opened up the US to imports from communist China we were doing fine. Blame the Democrats for this. NAFTA and H-1b work visas are also the fault of the Democrats.
终止同使用奴隶劳工的共产主义独裁政权（比如中国）的贸易，问题解决。在比尔克林顿开放美国向中国的进口之前，一切顺利。在这一点上谴责民主党吧。北美自由贸易协定和H-1B工作签证也是民主党的错。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Joseph DeLacy
36 Fans
2 hours ago ( 8:09 AM)
While this may be a scary slideshow, we should put things into perspective. Such as the fact they have a billion cheap laborers, and have tons of natural resources.
虽然文中所提可能令人担忧，我们还是应当透过现象看本质。出现这种情况是因为他们有着十亿的廉价劳动力，还有成吨的自然资源。
CenaW
790 Fans
10 hours ago (11:52 PM)
We didn't lose them
我们没有失去它们
These industries were handed over to Communist China by the
Conservative billionaires.
这些工业是由隶属保守派的亿万富翁们转交给共产主义中国的。
They got richer and now our nation is in grave danger.
他们变得更加富有，而我们国家的处境则变得非常危险。
512 Fans
6 hours ago ( 4:19 AM)
Thanks obama.
感谢奥巴马。
lightningbolt
1469 Fans
16 hours ago ( 5:55 PM)
The industries mentioned above are the backbone of the US economy. We can thank Bush for this disaster.
上面所提的这些工业是美国经济的支柱。多谢小布什带来了这场灾难。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Warren Yuill
Jesus Built My Hot-Rod
45 Fans
1 hour ago ( 8:54 AM)
China's model for economic success.
中国是经济成功的典范。
Subsidize steel to the point where nobody can compete.
通过补助钢铁工业，使该行业无人能敌。
Dominate world steel production.
他们支配着世界钢铁生产。
Use profits to subsidize other industries to the point nobody can compete.
他们用取得的利润补助其他工业，让它们也无人能敌。
Dominate said industries (ex. solar panels)
取得优势地位。（比如太阳能电池板。）
Repeat repeat repeat.
以此类推。
Central control, central planning
中央控制，中央规划。
Buy, coerce, extort, steal,reverse engineer.
购买、强迫、勒索、窃取、逆向工程。
Long view?
深谋远虑？
Business is war.
商场如战场。
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
becky bradshaw
344 Fans
12 hours ago ( 9:41 PM)
There is a difference between losing an industry by being replaced (like computer chips, cellphones, and computers) and being supplemented (coal, cotton).
由于被替代（比如电脑芯片，手机和电脑）而导致工业落后与由于被填补（煤炭，棉花）而导致工业落后是有区别的。
http://www.ltaaa.com/wtfy/3980.html
从量变到质变！
会有一天中国会完全超过美国的
会有一天中国会完全超过美国的
美国汽车才7百多万辆？衰退的太厉害了。
都是給美帝的跨国集团在打工
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Dosadi
Political agnostic
2393 Fans
12 hours ago (10:23 PM)
Incredible. China built 18.3 million autos and no one can name one brand name,not one.
难以置信。中国人制造了1830万量汽车，但没人能说出一个中国汽车品牌的名字。一个也没有
Dosadi
Political agnostic
2393 Fans
12 hours ago (10:23 PM)
Incredible. China built 18.3 million autos and no one can name one brand name,not one.
难以置信。中国人制造了1830万量汽车，但没人能说出一个中国汽车品牌的名字。一个也没有
烟草…俺笑了………
我倒是觉得这文章其实在贬低兔子
这是ＢＫＣ的贴么？烟草，煤炭？这高科技是怎么算地？神马标准？
烟草、啤酒、棉花、煤炭… 我穿越到1959年了？
把IPO也放进来就算了吧，明显是反话