纽约时报批日本核＂安全神话＂之二（全文翻译好了，欢迎 ...

昨天发布本文第一部分，现已被移到讨论区，为方便本区朋友，第二部分仍发于畅谈，请版主保留半天再删，谢谢。

第一部分链接：http://lt.cjdby.net/thread-1172598-1-1.html

纽约时报链：http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/2 ... &pagewanted=all

Entering a New Age
走进新时代

The deliberate effort to rally Japanese behind nuclear power can be traced to the beginning of the atomic age, scholars and experts say.
据专家们讲，将小日紧密团结在核能周围的努力可追溯到原子时代的初期。

In August 1945, Yasuhiro Nakasone, a young naval officer who would become one of postwar Japan’s most powerful prime ministers, was stationed in western Japan.
1945年8月，年轻的海军军官YN驻扎于日本西部，该青年日后将成为战后日本最具权威的首相之一。
（他的中文名是啥?懂的补充）

“I saw the nuclear mushroom cloud over Hiroshima,” Mr. Nakasone wrote in an essay in the 1960s. “At that moment, I sensed that the next age was the nuclear age.”
YN在60年代著文称：目睹蘑菇云在广岛冉冉升起，那一刻，我意识到原子时代即将开启。

For many Japanese like Mr. Nakasone, nuclear power became a holy grail — a way for Japan, whose lack of oil and other natural resources had led to World War II and defeat, to become more energy independent. The mastery of nuclear power would also open the possibility of eventually developing nuclear weapons, a subject that Japan secretly studied when Mr. Nakasone was defense minister in 1970.
在众多如同YN的小日心目中，核电已俨然成为圣杯（传说中长生不老的神器）——这可是小日的出路啊！正是因为资源短缺，小日才走向二战，走向战败。
当然，核电也有最终开启核武器之门的可能，YN在1970年担任国防部长一职时，小日曾偷练神功。

It was precisely because of nuclear power’s possible link to nuclear arms and its close ties to the United States that left-leaning politicians, academics and intellectuals became fierce opponents. As a countermeasure, proponents of nuclear power stressed its absolute safety, so that each side struck extreme positions, a standoff that lasts to this day.
由于核能与核武器的关联以及核电项目强大的美国背景，日本左翼人士成为死硬的反核派。与此针锋相对的挺核派则高举核能绝对安全的伟大旗帜。两派水火不容，僵持至今。

The nuclear establishment — led by Tepco among the utilities and the Ministry of Economy — spent hundreds of millions of dollars on advertising and educational programs emphasizing the safety of nuclear plants. The ministry’s division responsible for nuclear power has budgeted $12 million this year for those programs, said Takanobu Sugimoto, a division spokesman. Mr. Sugimoto said he “regretted” that the ministry might have “stressed only” the plants’ safety.
由东电和产经省领衔的核产业花费银两无数，用于核电站安全性的文宣。据产经省核电部门的发言人介绍，今年该部用于此类文宣的预算高达一千二百万美刀，他对该省只唱安全赞歌的作法表示遗憾。

The government and the utilities encouraged the creation of many organizations that propagated the message of safety. One of the oldest, the Japan Atomic Energy Relations Organization, receives 40 percent of its financing from two ministries that oversee nuclear power and 60 percent from Japan’s plant operators. In addition to producing information promoting nuclear power, the organization sends nuclear power experts to speak at secondary schools and colleges, at no cost.
小日ZF与电力公司催生了许多专门用于宣传核电安全的组织。其中历史最悠久的日本原子能关系组，从两大核电监管部门获取40%的预算，各大电力公司则承担余下的60%。

Mitsuhiro Yokote, 67, the executive managing director of the organization and a former nuclear engineer at the Kansai Electric Power Company, acknowledged that the experts conveyed the message that nuclear plants were absolutely safe. Mr. Yokote said he “regretted” that his organization had contributed to the safety myth.
关系组执行董事、前K电力公司核电工程师MY，67岁，坦承专家们传递了核电绝对安全的信息，他对其组织为安全神话推波助澜表示遗憾。

In a country where people tend to reflexively trust the government, assurances about the safety of Japan’s plants were enough to reassure even those at greatest risk. In Oma, a fishing town in northern Japan where a plant is currently under construction, Chernobyl made no impression on local residents considering the plant back in the 1980s.
在这个倾向于盲从政府的国家，ZF对核电站安全的保证足以安抚既便是那些最受威胁的P民。在北部渔村Oma，一个核电站正在建设中，该村P民在上个世纪八十年代审议该项目时竟对切尔诺贝利无动于衷。

“What could we do but believe what the government told us?” said Masaru Takahashi, 67, a member of a fishing union in Oma. “We were told that they were absolutely safe.”
当地一67岁的渔民说：＂除了相信ZF，我们还能怎么样?ZF讲核电站绝对安全。＂

A Public Relations Drive
用淫民群众喜闻乐见的形式开展宣传活动

After Chernobyl, the nuclear establishment made sure that Japanese kept believing in safety.
切尔诺贝利事件之后，核电产业努力确保核安全神话不灭。

The plant operators built or renovated the public relations buildings — called “P.R. buildings” — attached to their plants. Before Chernobyl, the buildings were simple facilities intended to appeal to “adult men interested in technical matters,” said Noriya Sumihara, an anthropologist at Tenri University who has researched the facilities. Male guides wearing industrial uniforms took visitors around exhibits consisting mostly of wall panels.
运营商在电站旁修建附属建筑，称之为公关建筑。在老切之前，这些文化馆仅用来吸引对科技感兴趣的成年人，身着工作制服的男子带领着游客参观以板报为主的展览。

But after Chernobyl, the facilities were transformed into elaborate theme parks geared toward young mothers, the group that research showed was most worried about nuclear plants and radiation, Mr. Sumihara said. Women of childbearing age, whose presence alone was meant to reassure the visitors, were hired as guides.
老切事发之后，这些文化馆摇身变成面向年轻妈妈的主题公园，研究显示这一人群最为担心核电站及其辐射。育龄阶段的妇女被聘为导游，因为她们的身影最能安抚人心。

下面举例讲如何推动文化下乡，一堆俺不知南北的地名，挑重点翻。
In Higashidori, a town in northern Japan, one of the country’s newest P.R. buildings is built on the theme of Tonttu, a forest with resident dwarfs. The buildings also holds events with anime characters to attract children and young parents, said Yoshiki Oikawa, a spokesman for the Tohoku Electric Power Company, which manages the site with Tepco.
某馆用卡通人物吸引儿童及年轻父母。

Here in Shika, more than 100,000 guests last year visited the P.R. building where Alice discovers the wonders of nuclear power. The Caterpillar reassures Alice about radiation and the Cheshire Cat helps her learn about the energy source. Instead of going down a rabbit hole, Alice shrinks after eating a candy and enters a 1:25 scale model of the Shika nuclear plant nearby.
文章开头提到的有Alice、毛毛虫、小白兔的某馆，去年的参观者达十万之众，馆内还有1：25的电站模型。

Since the Fukushima disaster, visitors have started questioning the safety of nuclear power, said Asuka Honda, 27, a guide here. Many were pregnant women worried about the effects of radiation on their unborn children. But the presence of Ms. Honda and other guides, mostly women in their late 20s, seemed to reassure them.
27岁的导游AH讲，福娃大发后，参观者开者质疑核电安全问题，很多都是怀孕妇女，她们担忧辐射对胎儿的影响。但现场多位奔三女导游的出现似乎令人颇为安心。

The nuclear establishment also made sure that government-mandated school textbooks underemphasized information that could cast doubt on the safety of nuclear power. In Parliament, the campaign was led by Tokio Kano, a Tepco vice president who became a lawmaker in 1998. Mr. Kano, who declined to be interviewed for this article, returned to Tepco as an adviser after retiring from Parliament last year.
核产业同时还确保指定教材不对核电隐患着笔太多，在国会，这场运动由98年当选议员的东电二老板老K担纲。老K同志谢绝本报采访要求。

In 2004, under the influence of Mr. Kano and other proponents of nuclear power, education officials ordered revisions to textbooks before endorsing them. In one junior high school social studies textbook, a reference to the growing antinuclear movement in Europe was deleted. In another, a reference to Chernobyl was relegated to a footnote.
04年，在老K及其他挺核人士的干预下，教育部官员下令修订指定教材。一本初中社会学课本中有关欧洲反核运动的内容被删除；而另一课本中关于切尔诺贝利的内容被贬成区区一个注释。

The effect could be seen in opinion polls that even after Fukushima have indicated that young Japanese are the strongest proponents of nuclear power.
这番功夫的效果在福娃事件之后的民调中可见端倪，调查显示，小日青年们是最最红裤衩的挺核派。

The nuclear establishment itself came to believe its own safety myth and “became entangled in its own net,” said Hitoshi Yoshioka, an author of a book on the history of Japan’s nuclear power and a member of a panel established by the prime minister to investigate the causes of the Fukushima disaster.
日本核产业自身被其精心打造的安全神话所迷倒，用福娃调查委员会成员、某核工业史作者HY的话讲就是：被自己编的网缠身。（用超大的话讲就是：钓鱼把自个儿给钓了。）

He said that helped explain why, at Fukushima, Tepco failed to carry out emergency measures in case of a complete loss of power, which is what happened when the tsunami hit in March. Others have said that the nuclear establishment’s embrace of the safety myth also makes it possible to understand what, in hindsight, was the most glaring hole in the safety measures at Japan’s nuclear plants. In the country that gave the world the word tsunami, few measures were taken at Fukushima Daiichi or elsewhere to protect plants against the giant waves. Neither the Dodo nor the Caterpillar makes any mention of tsunamis to Alice.
HY认为这解释了为什么东电在福娃发作后无药可救。
有评论认为日本核产业迷醉于安全神话中，这有可能就是最大的安全隐患。
在一个发明海啸一词的国家，福娃及其兄弟姐妹却缺乏防御海啸的措施。文章开头出现的DoDo机器人和毛毛虫也都没有跟Alice讲到海啸。

全文完。各位顶帖要给力啊！
昨天发布本文第一部分，现已被移到讨论区，为方便本区朋友，第二部分仍发于畅谈，请版主保留半天再删，谢谢。

第一部分链接：http://lt.cjdby.net/thread-1172598-1-1.html

纽约时报链：http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/2 ... &pagewanted=all

Entering a New Age
走进新时代

The deliberate effort to rally Japanese behind nuclear power can be traced to the beginning of the atomic age, scholars and experts say.
据专家们讲，将小日紧密团结在核能周围的努力可追溯到原子时代的初期。

In August 1945, Yasuhiro Nakasone, a young naval officer who would become one of postwar Japan’s most powerful prime ministers, was stationed in western Japan.
1945年8月，年轻的海军军官YN驻扎于日本西部，该青年日后将成为战后日本最具权威的首相之一。
（他的中文名是啥?懂的补充）

“I saw the nuclear mushroom cloud over Hiroshima,” Mr. Nakasone wrote in an essay in the 1960s. “At that moment, I sensed that the next age was the nuclear age.”
YN在60年代著文称：目睹蘑菇云在广岛冉冉升起，那一刻，我意识到原子时代即将开启。

For many Japanese like Mr. Nakasone, nuclear power became a holy grail — a way for Japan, whose lack of oil and other natural resources had led to World War II and defeat, to become more energy independent. The mastery of nuclear power would also open the possibility of eventually developing nuclear weapons, a subject that Japan secretly studied when Mr. Nakasone was defense minister in 1970.
在众多如同YN的小日心目中，核电已俨然成为圣杯（传说中长生不老的神器）——这可是小日的出路啊！正是因为资源短缺，小日才走向二战，走向战败。
当然，核电也有最终开启核武器之门的可能，YN在1970年担任国防部长一职时，小日曾偷练神功。

It was precisely because of nuclear power’s possible link to nuclear arms and its close ties to the United States that left-leaning politicians, academics and intellectuals became fierce opponents. As a countermeasure, proponents of nuclear power stressed its absolute safety, so that each side struck extreme positions, a standoff that lasts to this day.
由于核能与核武器的关联以及核电项目强大的美国背景，日本左翼人士成为死硬的反核派。与此针锋相对的挺核派则高举核能绝对安全的伟大旗帜。两派水火不容，僵持至今。

The nuclear establishment — led by Tepco among the utilities and the Ministry of Economy — spent hundreds of millions of dollars on advertising and educational programs emphasizing the safety of nuclear plants. The ministry’s division responsible for nuclear power has budgeted $12 million this year for those programs, said Takanobu Sugimoto, a division spokesman. Mr. Sugimoto said he “regretted” that the ministry might have “stressed only” the plants’ safety.
由东电和产经省领衔的核产业花费银两无数，用于核电站安全性的文宣。据产经省核电部门的发言人介绍，今年该部用于此类文宣的预算高达一千二百万美刀，他对该省只唱安全赞歌的作法表示遗憾。

The government and the utilities encouraged the creation of many organizations that propagated the message of safety. One of the oldest, the Japan Atomic Energy Relations Organization, receives 40 percent of its financing from two ministries that oversee nuclear power and 60 percent from Japan’s plant operators. In addition to producing information promoting nuclear power, the organization sends nuclear power experts to speak at secondary schools and colleges, at no cost.
小日ZF与电力公司催生了许多专门用于宣传核电安全的组织。其中历史最悠久的日本原子能关系组，从两大核电监管部门获取40%的预算，各大电力公司则承担余下的60%。

Mitsuhiro Yokote, 67, the executive managing director of the organization and a former nuclear engineer at the Kansai Electric Power Company, acknowledged that the experts conveyed the message that nuclear plants were absolutely safe. Mr. Yokote said he “regretted” that his organization had contributed to the safety myth.
关系组执行董事、前K电力公司核电工程师MY，67岁，坦承专家们传递了核电绝对安全的信息，他对其组织为安全神话推波助澜表示遗憾。

In a country where people tend to reflexively trust the government, assurances about the safety of Japan’s plants were enough to reassure even those at greatest risk. In Oma, a fishing town in northern Japan where a plant is currently under construction, Chernobyl made no impression on local residents considering the plant back in the 1980s.
在这个倾向于盲从政府的国家，ZF对核电站安全的保证足以安抚既便是那些最受威胁的P民。在北部渔村Oma，一个核电站正在建设中，该村P民在上个世纪八十年代审议该项目时竟对切尔诺贝利无动于衷。

“What could we do but believe what the government told us?” said Masaru Takahashi, 67, a member of a fishing union in Oma. “We were told that they were absolutely safe.”
当地一67岁的渔民说：＂除了相信ZF，我们还能怎么样?ZF讲核电站绝对安全。＂

A Public Relations Drive
用淫民群众喜闻乐见的形式开展宣传活动

After Chernobyl, the nuclear establishment made sure that Japanese kept believing in safety.
切尔诺贝利事件之后，核电产业努力确保核安全神话不灭。

The plant operators built or renovated the public relations buildings — called “P.R. buildings” — attached to their plants. Before Chernobyl, the buildings were simple facilities intended to appeal to “adult men interested in technical matters,” said Noriya Sumihara, an anthropologist at Tenri University who has researched the facilities. Male guides wearing industrial uniforms took visitors around exhibits consisting mostly of wall panels.
运营商在电站旁修建附属建筑，称之为公关建筑。在老切之前，这些文化馆仅用来吸引对科技感兴趣的成年人，身着工作制服的男子带领着游客参观以板报为主的展览。

But after Chernobyl, the facilities were transformed into elaborate theme parks geared toward young mothers, the group that research showed was most worried about nuclear plants and radiation, Mr. Sumihara said. Women of childbearing age, whose presence alone was meant to reassure the visitors, were hired as guides.
老切事发之后，这些文化馆摇身变成面向年轻妈妈的主题公园，研究显示这一人群最为担心核电站及其辐射。育龄阶段的妇女被聘为导游，因为她们的身影最能安抚人心。

下面举例讲如何推动文化下乡，一堆俺不知南北的地名，挑重点翻。
In Higashidori, a town in northern Japan, one of the country’s newest P.R. buildings is built on the theme of Tonttu, a forest with resident dwarfs. The buildings also holds events with anime characters to attract children and young parents, said Yoshiki Oikawa, a spokesman for the Tohoku Electric Power Company, which manages the site with Tepco.
某馆用卡通人物吸引儿童及年轻父母。

Here in Shika, more than 100,000 guests last year visited the P.R. building where Alice discovers the wonders of nuclear power. The Caterpillar reassures Alice about radiation and the Cheshire Cat helps her learn about the energy source. Instead of going down a rabbit hole, Alice shrinks after eating a candy and enters a 1:25 scale model of the Shika nuclear plant nearby.
文章开头提到的有Alice、毛毛虫、小白兔的某馆，去年的参观者达十万之众，馆内还有1：25的电站模型。

Since the Fukushima disaster, visitors have started questioning the safety of nuclear power, said Asuka Honda, 27, a guide here. Many were pregnant women worried about the effects of radiation on their unborn children. But the presence of Ms. Honda and other guides, mostly women in their late 20s, seemed to reassure them.
27岁的导游AH讲，福娃大发后，参观者开者质疑核电安全问题，很多都是怀孕妇女，她们担忧辐射对胎儿的影响。但现场多位奔三女导游的出现似乎令人颇为安心。

The nuclear establishment also made sure that government-mandated school textbooks underemphasized information that could cast doubt on the safety of nuclear power. In Parliament, the campaign was led by Tokio Kano, a Tepco vice president who became a lawmaker in 1998. Mr. Kano, who declined to be interviewed for this article, returned to Tepco as an adviser after retiring from Parliament last year.
核产业同时还确保指定教材不对核电隐患着笔太多，在国会，这场运动由98年当选议员的东电二老板老K担纲。老K同志谢绝本报采访要求。

In 2004, under the influence of Mr. Kano and other proponents of nuclear power, education officials ordered revisions to textbooks before endorsing them. In one junior high school social studies textbook, a reference to the growing antinuclear movement in Europe was deleted. In another, a reference to Chernobyl was relegated to a footnote.
04年，在老K及其他挺核人士的干预下，教育部官员下令修订指定教材。一本初中社会学课本中有关欧洲反核运动的内容被删除；而另一课本中关于切尔诺贝利的内容被贬成区区一个注释。

The effect could be seen in opinion polls that even after Fukushima have indicated that young Japanese are the strongest proponents of nuclear power.
这番功夫的效果在福娃事件之后的民调中可见端倪，调查显示，小日青年们是最最红裤衩的挺核派。

The nuclear establishment itself came to believe its own safety myth and “became entangled in its own net,” said Hitoshi Yoshioka, an author of a book on the history of Japan’s nuclear power and a member of a panel established by the prime minister to investigate the causes of the Fukushima disaster.
日本核产业自身被其精心打造的安全神话所迷倒，用福娃调查委员会成员、某核工业史作者HY的话讲就是：被自己编的网缠身。（用超大的话讲就是：钓鱼把自个儿给钓了。）

He said that helped explain why, at Fukushima, Tepco failed to carry out emergency measures in case of a complete loss of power, which is what happened when the tsunami hit in March. Others have said that the nuclear establishment’s embrace of the safety myth also makes it possible to understand what, in hindsight, was the most glaring hole in the safety measures at Japan’s nuclear plants. In the country that gave the world the word tsunami, few measures were taken at Fukushima Daiichi or elsewhere to protect plants against the giant waves. Neither the Dodo nor the Caterpillar makes any mention of tsunamis to Alice.
HY认为这解释了为什么东电在福娃发作后无药可救。
有评论认为日本核产业迷醉于安全神话中，这有可能就是最大的安全隐患。
在一个发明海啸一词的国家，福娃及其兄弟姐妹却缺乏防御海啸的措施。文章开头出现的DoDo机器人和毛毛虫也都没有跟Alice讲到海啸。

全文完。各位顶帖要给力啊！