超级军网这是最简单的了：荷兰潜艇所用鱼雷（上）
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Torpedoes and Mines of the Dutch Submarine Service
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In the year 2005 the Dutch Torpedo Arm will celebrate is 130th birthday. Among other things a reunion will be organized. For additional photos and information please check the 'related pages list' at the bottom of this page.
The Unknown mine
Type -----------------?
Diameter -----------------?
Warhead -----------------?
Exploder -----------------?
Type -----------------?
Notes -----------------?
This mine was used aboard the O 19 class submarine mine layers. It is possibly a Vickers. of which there where 199 on stock in the NEI in Feb. 1942). Please contact us if you have any information on this type of torpedo.
A set of mystery mines being transferred to the submarine O 19. The mines are just about to be lowered in their external shafts. Year, place and type of mine unknown (Photo: Collection IMH / Siem Spruijt ).
Additional info on this image at the Mystery Pictures page.
The Visch Ar torpedo
Diameter 18"
Length 5.04 m
Warhead 60 Kg wet gun-cotton
Exploder Contact
Range/Speed 1000 m at 26 kts
1500 m at 22 kts
Power plant Radial piston engine,
compressed air.
Propulsion Two counter rotating propellers
First torpedo of the Dutch submarine service. Improved many times, air pressure increased from 150 to 200 atm, a combustion chamber and a sweet water injection system was installed. The torpedo was also improved by installing a faster gyro, air was used to keep the speed of the gyro constant.
The XA torpedo
Service 1896(MTB's)-
Diameter 18"
Warhead wet gun-cotton
Possibly the XA and the XIIA refer to the same torpedo. This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB).
The XIIA torpedo
Service 1903(MTB's)-
Diameter 18"
Warhead 60 Kg wet gun-cotton
Engine 3 cylinder,
compressed air
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). The O 1 was armed with 3 of these 18" torpedo's. Possibly the XA and the XIIA refer to the same torpedo. In the 1920's and maybe earlier/later the XII type a, b, and c was mainly used as exercise torpedo for surface vessels and as a spare wartime torpedo for submarines.
This torpedo was used on the O 1 class.
The I 45 torpedo
Service 1906(MTB's)-
Origin Fiume
Diameter 18"
Weight 624 Kg
Length 5.04 m
Warhead 85 Kg wet gun-cotton
Range 1000 m at 30 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). In the late 1930s when the Dutch submarine service was equipped more modern and better torpedoes, these torpedoes were used for exercises only. The Dutch even constructed adapters which made it possible to fire these 18" torpedoes from a 21" torpedo tube.
This torpedo was used on the O 2 class, K I class, O 6 class, O 7 class and the O 8 class.
The II 45 torpedo
Origin Fiume
Diameter 18"
Length >5 m
Warhead 85 Kg wet gun-cotton
Engine 4 cylinder radial engine,
heated compressed air
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). In the late 1930s when the Dutch submarine service was equipped more modern and better torpedoes, these torpedoes were used for exercises only. The Dutch even constructed adapters which made it possible to fire these 18" torpedoes from a 21" torpedo tube.
This torpedo was used on the K I class, O 7 class, O 8 class and the K II class.
K I loading a torpedo (type unknown). Surabaya 1919-1922 (Photo: Collection G.D. Horneman)
The III 45 torpedo
Service 1922 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
and Saint Tropez.
Diameter 18"
Weight 785 Kg
Length 5.43 m
Warhead 165 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 2000 m at 40 kts
6000 m at 26 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo entered the submarine service after World War I and was used until the beginning of World War II.
This torpedo was used on the K III class, K V class, K VIII class, K XI class and aboard O 9 and O 10. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 129 (incl. surface fleet) III 45 torpedoes
The IV 45 torpedo
Service 1928 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Horten.
Diameter 18"
Weight 820 Kg
Length ?
Warhead 180 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 2500 m at 40 kts
6000 m at 28.5 kts
7500 m at 26.5 kts
Power plant ?
This torpedo was used for boats the K XI class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 64 (incl. surface fleet) IV45 torpedoes. Also used aboard the K XIV class during WWII.
The V 45 torpedo
Service 1930 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Fiume.
Diameter 18"
Weight 843 Kg
Length ?
Warhead 170 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 3000 m at 40 kts
8000 m at 28 kts
Power plant ?
This torpedo was used for boats that served in the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 20 (incl. surface fleet) V45 torpedoes
The I 53 torpedo
Service 1923 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Saint Tropez
Diameter 21"
Weight 1437 Kg
Length 6.84 m
Warhead 250 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 4000 m at 39 kts
10000 m at 26 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo (the first 21"torpedo for the Dutch) entered the
This torpedo (the first 21"torpedo for the Dutch) entered the submarine service after World War I and was used until the beginning of World War II. The first of these 21" torpedoes arrived in the Netherlands in 1923.
This torpedo was used on the K XI class and the O 9 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 27 (incl. surface fleet) I 53 torpedoes
The II 53 torpedo
Service 1928 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1525 Kg
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 3000 m (effective)
4000 m at 42 kts
10000 m at 28 kts
This torpedo was used on the K XI class, O 12 class and the K XIV class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 200 (incl. surface fleet) II 53 torpedoes. First unit ordered around 1924 and last unit delivered in 1932.
The III 53 torpedo
Service 1929 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Fiume
Diameter 21"
Weight 1534
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 4000 m at 41 kts
10000 m at 28 kts
This torpedo was used on the O 12 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 60 (incl. surface fleet) III 53 torpedoes.
The IV 53 torpedo
Service 1935 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1560 Kg
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 3000 m at 46 kts
10000 m at 29 kts
The O 16 (O 16 class) was the first Dutch submarine equipped with these torpedoes. 22 of these weapons were ordered for the O 16.
This torpedo was used on the O 16 class and the O 21 class.
The V 53 torpedo
Service 1937 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1650 Kg
Length 7.2 m
Warhead 300/350 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 4000 m at 45 kts
12000 m at 28 kts
Power plant 2 cylinder (double) engine?
This torpedo entered the Dutch submarine service shortly before World War II and was used until the beginning of the war.
This torpedo was used on the O 19 and the O 21 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 252 (incl. surface fleet) V 53 torpedoes.
The Mk II torpedo
Service Beginning WW II -
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Design 1914
Diameter 21"
Weight 2794 lbs. TNT?
Warhead 225 lbs.
Range/Speed 10000 yds at 29 kts
Power plant Air-driven piston engine converted to
run on preheated oil-air mixture.
In the beginning of World War II the Dutch used their own 21" torpedoes. After the Dutch ran out of these, the British Mk II and Mk IV were used.
This torpedo was used on the O 12 class and the K XIV class.
The Mk IV torpedo
Service Beginning WW II -
Origin RN Torpedo Factory, Greenock (Scotland)
Design 1917
Diameter 21"
Length 22 ft 7.5 inch
Weight 3190 or 3206 lbs.
Buoyancy -445 lbs
Warhead 515 lbs TNT
Range/Speed 5000 or 6000 yds at 40 kts
9500 yds at 30 kts
Power plant Four cylinder wet-heater engine
In the beginning of World War II the Dutch used their own 21" torpedoes. After the Dutch ran out of these, the British Mk II and Mk IV were used. These torpedoes (Mark IV**) were first tested by the O 21 in Dec 1940.
This torpedo was used on the O 21 class.
The Mk 8** or Mk VIII** torpedo
Service 1940 - ?
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Design About to enter production at the outbreak of war.
Diameter 21"
Length 21'7"
Weight 5452 lbs max., air 253 lbs, shale oil 30lbs
Negative buoyancy 804 lbs max
Warhead 805 lbs Torpex, orig, 722 lbs TNT
Air vessel 15.64 ft3, 3000 psi
Range/Speed 5000 yds at 45,5 kts
7000 yds at 41 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine, semi-diesel.
Brotherhood burner cycle.
Power 322 HP at 45 kts
Consumption 9.7 lbs / HP / Hr
Note This improved version had higher air pressure, larger propellers.
Modifications could run at 23 m (normally 13.4 m) and were strengthened for launching at 91 m
* = Mk VIII* details, ** = Mk VIII* details
During World War II the Dutch first used their own and the British Mk II and Mk IV torpedoes. But as soon as the British produced enough Mk VIII** these torpedoes also became available for to the Dutch submarine service. After some small modifications these torpedoes could be fired by the Dutch submarines also. The torpedo was called the Mk VIII SD, SD stands for Submarine Dutch. During the war some British submarines were transferred to the Dutch navy (S, U and Zwaardvis (1) class), this definitely made the Mk VIII** part of the Dutch submarine service.
After World War II the last few torpedoes from Dutch origin were discarded and the Mk VIII** became the standard torpedo for the Dutch submarine service. The Mk VIII** was in service until 1978, the last version used was the Mk 8 mod 4. The MK VIII was also called 8/53.
This torpedo was used on the O 19 class, S class, U class, O 21 class, Zwaardvis (1) class and the Dolfijn & Potvis class
The Dutch Navy bought a total of 84 (incl. surface fleet) Mk 8 torpedoes.
O 21 and the torpedo work ship Mercuur (2), 1950. Note the torpedo (probably a MK VIII) being loaded.
The Mk 8 mod4 torpedo
Service ? - 1978
Origin Royal Navy
Diameter 21"
Warhead 300 Kg
This improved version of the Mk VIII** was in service until 1978.
The Mk 9 torpedo
Service 1943 - 1962
Diameter 21"
Length 7.2 m
Weight 1725 Kg
Warhead 365 Kg Torpex
Range/Speed 15000 m at 40 kts
17000 m at 35 kts
It is not clear whether these torpedoes where ever used aboard Dutch submarines. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 68 (incl. surface fleet) Mk 9 torpedoes.
The Mk X or Mk X*** torpedo
Service .......................?
Origin .......................?
Year .......................?
Exploder .......................?
Range/Speed .......................?
Power plant .......................?
This torpedo was used on the O 21 class and . . . .
British designation of the Mk X for the Dutch submarines was Mk X***. Some sources report that the Mk X*** is actually the G 7AD torpedo.
Please contact us if you have any information on this type of torpedo.
The Mk XIV or Mk 14 torpedo
Service 1943 (exact period unknown)
Origin US Navy
Year 1931
Exploder Magnetic
Diameter 21"
Weight 3280 lbs, air 256 lbs, alcohol 28 lbs, fresh water 83 lbs
Warhead 643 lbs Torpex
Length 20'6"
Range/Speed 4500 yds at 46 kts
9000 yds at 31,5 kts
Power plant Steam engine
Consumption 19,5 lbs / HP / Hr
Notes The 31 kts setting was rarely used during the war.
This little used low-speed was abandoned in 1943. It is reported that the K XV loaded this type of torpedo at the New London (US) base in 1943.
This torpedo was used on the K XIV class.Torpedoes and Mines of the Dutch Submarine Service
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In the year 2005 the Dutch Torpedo Arm will celebrate is 130th birthday. Among other things a reunion will be organized. For additional photos and information please check the 'related pages list' at the bottom of this page.
The Unknown mine
Type -----------------?
Diameter -----------------?
Warhead -----------------?
Exploder -----------------?
Type -----------------?
Notes -----------------?
This mine was used aboard the O 19 class submarine mine layers. It is possibly a Vickers. of which there where 199 on stock in the NEI in Feb. 1942). Please contact us if you have any information on this type of torpedo.
A set of mystery mines being transferred to the submarine O 19. The mines are just about to be lowered in their external shafts. Year, place and type of mine unknown (Photo: Collection IMH / Siem Spruijt ).
Additional info on this image at the Mystery Pictures page.
The Visch Ar torpedo
Diameter 18"
Length 5.04 m
Warhead 60 Kg wet gun-cotton
Exploder Contact
Range/Speed 1000 m at 26 kts
1500 m at 22 kts
Power plant Radial piston engine,
compressed air.
Propulsion Two counter rotating propellers
First torpedo of the Dutch submarine service. Improved many times, air pressure increased from 150 to 200 atm, a combustion chamber and a sweet water injection system was installed. The torpedo was also improved by installing a faster gyro, air was used to keep the speed of the gyro constant.
The XA torpedo
Service 1896(MTB's)-
Diameter 18"
Warhead wet gun-cotton
Possibly the XA and the XIIA refer to the same torpedo. This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB).
The XIIA torpedo
Service 1903(MTB's)-
Diameter 18"
Warhead 60 Kg wet gun-cotton
Engine 3 cylinder,
compressed air
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). The O 1 was armed with 3 of these 18" torpedo's. Possibly the XA and the XIIA refer to the same torpedo. In the 1920's and maybe earlier/later the XII type a, b, and c was mainly used as exercise torpedo for surface vessels and as a spare wartime torpedo for submarines.
This torpedo was used on the O 1 class.
The I 45 torpedo
Service 1906(MTB's)-
Origin Fiume
Diameter 18"
Weight 624 Kg
Length 5.04 m
Warhead 85 Kg wet gun-cotton
Range 1000 m at 30 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). In the late 1930s when the Dutch submarine service was equipped more modern and better torpedoes, these torpedoes were used for exercises only. The Dutch even constructed adapters which made it possible to fire these 18" torpedoes from a 21" torpedo tube.
This torpedo was used on the O 2 class, K I class, O 6 class, O 7 class and the O 8 class.
The II 45 torpedo
Origin Fiume
Diameter 18"
Length >5 m
Warhead 85 Kg wet gun-cotton
Engine 4 cylinder radial engine,
heated compressed air
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). In the late 1930s when the Dutch submarine service was equipped more modern and better torpedoes, these torpedoes were used for exercises only. The Dutch even constructed adapters which made it possible to fire these 18" torpedoes from a 21" torpedo tube.
This torpedo was used on the K I class, O 7 class, O 8 class and the K II class.
K I loading a torpedo (type unknown). Surabaya 1919-1922 (Photo: Collection G.D. Horneman)
The III 45 torpedo
Service 1922 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
and Saint Tropez.
Diameter 18"
Weight 785 Kg
Length 5.43 m
Warhead 165 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 2000 m at 40 kts
6000 m at 26 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo entered the submarine service after World War I and was used until the beginning of World War II.
This torpedo was used on the K III class, K V class, K VIII class, K XI class and aboard O 9 and O 10. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 129 (incl. surface fleet) III 45 torpedoes
The IV 45 torpedo
Service 1928 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Horten.
Diameter 18"
Weight 820 Kg
Length ?
Warhead 180 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 2500 m at 40 kts
6000 m at 28.5 kts
7500 m at 26.5 kts
Power plant ?
This torpedo was used for boats the K XI class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 64 (incl. surface fleet) IV45 torpedoes. Also used aboard the K XIV class during WWII.
The V 45 torpedo
Service 1930 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Fiume.
Diameter 18"
Weight 843 Kg
Length ?
Warhead 170 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 3000 m at 40 kts
8000 m at 28 kts
Power plant ?
This torpedo was used for boats that served in the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 20 (incl. surface fleet) V45 torpedoes
The I 53 torpedo
Service 1923 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Saint Tropez
Diameter 21"
Weight 1437 Kg
Length 6.84 m
Warhead 250 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 4000 m at 39 kts
10000 m at 26 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo (the first 21"torpedo for the Dutch) entered the
This torpedo (the first 21"torpedo for the Dutch) entered the submarine service after World War I and was used until the beginning of World War II. The first of these 21" torpedoes arrived in the Netherlands in 1923.
This torpedo was used on the K XI class and the O 9 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 27 (incl. surface fleet) I 53 torpedoes
The II 53 torpedo
Service 1928 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1525 Kg
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 3000 m (effective)
4000 m at 42 kts
10000 m at 28 kts
This torpedo was used on the K XI class, O 12 class and the K XIV class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 200 (incl. surface fleet) II 53 torpedoes. First unit ordered around 1924 and last unit delivered in 1932.
The III 53 torpedo
Service 1929 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Fiume
Diameter 21"
Weight 1534
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 4000 m at 41 kts
10000 m at 28 kts
This torpedo was used on the O 12 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 60 (incl. surface fleet) III 53 torpedoes.
The IV 53 torpedo
Service 1935 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1560 Kg
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 3000 m at 46 kts
10000 m at 29 kts
The O 16 (O 16 class) was the first Dutch submarine equipped with these torpedoes. 22 of these weapons were ordered for the O 16.
This torpedo was used on the O 16 class and the O 21 class.
The V 53 torpedo
Service 1937 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1650 Kg
Length 7.2 m
Warhead 300/350 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 4000 m at 45 kts
12000 m at 28 kts
Power plant 2 cylinder (double) engine?
This torpedo entered the Dutch submarine service shortly before World War II and was used until the beginning of the war.
This torpedo was used on the O 19 and the O 21 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 252 (incl. surface fleet) V 53 torpedoes.
The Mk II torpedo
Service Beginning WW II -
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Design 1914
Diameter 21"
Weight 2794 lbs. TNT?
Warhead 225 lbs.
Range/Speed 10000 yds at 29 kts
Power plant Air-driven piston engine converted to
run on preheated oil-air mixture.
In the beginning of World War II the Dutch used their own 21" torpedoes. After the Dutch ran out of these, the British Mk II and Mk IV were used.
This torpedo was used on the O 12 class and the K XIV class.
The Mk IV torpedo
Service Beginning WW II -
Origin RN Torpedo Factory, Greenock (Scotland)
Design 1917
Diameter 21"
Length 22 ft 7.5 inch
Weight 3190 or 3206 lbs.
Buoyancy -445 lbs
Warhead 515 lbs TNT
Range/Speed 5000 or 6000 yds at 40 kts
9500 yds at 30 kts
Power plant Four cylinder wet-heater engine
In the beginning of World War II the Dutch used their own 21" torpedoes. After the Dutch ran out of these, the British Mk II and Mk IV were used. These torpedoes (Mark IV**) were first tested by the O 21 in Dec 1940.
This torpedo was used on the O 21 class.
The Mk 8** or Mk VIII** torpedo
Service 1940 - ?
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Design About to enter production at the outbreak of war.
Diameter 21"
Length 21'7"
Weight 5452 lbs max., air 253 lbs, shale oil 30lbs
Negative buoyancy 804 lbs max
Warhead 805 lbs Torpex, orig, 722 lbs TNT
Air vessel 15.64 ft3, 3000 psi
Range/Speed 5000 yds at 45,5 kts
7000 yds at 41 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine, semi-diesel.
Brotherhood burner cycle.
Power 322 HP at 45 kts
Consumption 9.7 lbs / HP / Hr
Note This improved version had higher air pressure, larger propellers.
Modifications could run at 23 m (normally 13.4 m) and were strengthened for launching at 91 m
* = Mk VIII* details, ** = Mk VIII* details
During World War II the Dutch first used their own and the British Mk II and Mk IV torpedoes. But as soon as the British produced enough Mk VIII** these torpedoes also became available for to the Dutch submarine service. After some small modifications these torpedoes could be fired by the Dutch submarines also. The torpedo was called the Mk VIII SD, SD stands for Submarine Dutch. During the war some British submarines were transferred to the Dutch navy (S, U and Zwaardvis (1) class), this definitely made the Mk VIII** part of the Dutch submarine service.
After World War II the last few torpedoes from Dutch origin were discarded and the Mk VIII** became the standard torpedo for the Dutch submarine service. The Mk VIII** was in service until 1978, the last version used was the Mk 8 mod 4. The MK VIII was also called 8/53.
This torpedo was used on the O 19 class, S class, U class, O 21 class, Zwaardvis (1) class and the Dolfijn & Potvis class
The Dutch Navy bought a total of 84 (incl. surface fleet) Mk 8 torpedoes.
O 21 and the torpedo work ship Mercuur (2), 1950. Note the torpedo (probably a MK VIII) being loaded.
The Mk 8 mod4 torpedo
Service ? - 1978
Origin Royal Navy
Diameter 21"
Warhead 300 Kg
This improved version of the Mk VIII** was in service until 1978.
The Mk 9 torpedo
Service 1943 - 1962
Diameter 21"
Length 7.2 m
Weight 1725 Kg
Warhead 365 Kg Torpex
Range/Speed 15000 m at 40 kts
17000 m at 35 kts
It is not clear whether these torpedoes where ever used aboard Dutch submarines. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 68 (incl. surface fleet) Mk 9 torpedoes.
The Mk X or Mk X*** torpedo
Service .......................?
Origin .......................?
Year .......................?
Exploder .......................?
Range/Speed .......................?
Power plant .......................?
This torpedo was used on the O 21 class and . . . .
British designation of the Mk X for the Dutch submarines was Mk X***. Some sources report that the Mk X*** is actually the G 7AD torpedo.
Please contact us if you have any information on this type of torpedo.
The Mk XIV or Mk 14 torpedo
Service 1943 (exact period unknown)
Origin US Navy
Year 1931
Exploder Magnetic
Diameter 21"
Weight 3280 lbs, air 256 lbs, alcohol 28 lbs, fresh water 83 lbs
Warhead 643 lbs Torpex
Length 20'6"
Range/Speed 4500 yds at 46 kts
9000 yds at 31,5 kts
Power plant Steam engine
Consumption 19,5 lbs / HP / Hr
Notes The 31 kts setting was rarely used during the war.
This little used low-speed was abandoned in 1943. It is reported that the K XV loaded this type of torpedo at the New London (US) base in 1943.
This torpedo was used on the K XIV class.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the year 2005 the Dutch Torpedo Arm will celebrate is 130th birthday. Among other things a reunion will be organized. For additional photos and information please check the 'related pages list' at the bottom of this page.
The Unknown mine
Type -----------------?
Diameter -----------------?
Warhead -----------------?
Exploder -----------------?
Type -----------------?
Notes -----------------?
This mine was used aboard the O 19 class submarine mine layers. It is possibly a Vickers. of which there where 199 on stock in the NEI in Feb. 1942). Please contact us if you have any information on this type of torpedo.
A set of mystery mines being transferred to the submarine O 19. The mines are just about to be lowered in their external shafts. Year, place and type of mine unknown (Photo: Collection IMH / Siem Spruijt ).
Additional info on this image at the Mystery Pictures page.
The Visch Ar torpedo
Diameter 18"
Length 5.04 m
Warhead 60 Kg wet gun-cotton
Exploder Contact
Range/Speed 1000 m at 26 kts
1500 m at 22 kts
Power plant Radial piston engine,
compressed air.
Propulsion Two counter rotating propellers
First torpedo of the Dutch submarine service. Improved many times, air pressure increased from 150 to 200 atm, a combustion chamber and a sweet water injection system was installed. The torpedo was also improved by installing a faster gyro, air was used to keep the speed of the gyro constant.
The XA torpedo
Service 1896(MTB's)-
Diameter 18"
Warhead wet gun-cotton
Possibly the XA and the XIIA refer to the same torpedo. This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB).
The XIIA torpedo
Service 1903(MTB's)-
Diameter 18"
Warhead 60 Kg wet gun-cotton
Engine 3 cylinder,
compressed air
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). The O 1 was armed with 3 of these 18" torpedo's. Possibly the XA and the XIIA refer to the same torpedo. In the 1920's and maybe earlier/later the XII type a, b, and c was mainly used as exercise torpedo for surface vessels and as a spare wartime torpedo for submarines.
This torpedo was used on the O 1 class.
The I 45 torpedo
Service 1906(MTB's)-
Origin Fiume
Diameter 18"
Weight 624 Kg
Length 5.04 m
Warhead 85 Kg wet gun-cotton
Range 1000 m at 30 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). In the late 1930s when the Dutch submarine service was equipped more modern and better torpedoes, these torpedoes were used for exercises only. The Dutch even constructed adapters which made it possible to fire these 18" torpedoes from a 21" torpedo tube.
This torpedo was used on the O 2 class, K I class, O 6 class, O 7 class and the O 8 class.
The II 45 torpedo
Origin Fiume
Diameter 18"
Length >5 m
Warhead 85 Kg wet gun-cotton
Engine 4 cylinder radial engine,
heated compressed air
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). In the late 1930s when the Dutch submarine service was equipped more modern and better torpedoes, these torpedoes were used for exercises only. The Dutch even constructed adapters which made it possible to fire these 18" torpedoes from a 21" torpedo tube.
This torpedo was used on the K I class, O 7 class, O 8 class and the K II class.
K I loading a torpedo (type unknown). Surabaya 1919-1922 (Photo: Collection G.D. Horneman)
The III 45 torpedo
Service 1922 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
and Saint Tropez.
Diameter 18"
Weight 785 Kg
Length 5.43 m
Warhead 165 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 2000 m at 40 kts
6000 m at 26 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo entered the submarine service after World War I and was used until the beginning of World War II.
This torpedo was used on the K III class, K V class, K VIII class, K XI class and aboard O 9 and O 10. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 129 (incl. surface fleet) III 45 torpedoes
The IV 45 torpedo
Service 1928 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Horten.
Diameter 18"
Weight 820 Kg
Length ?
Warhead 180 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 2500 m at 40 kts
6000 m at 28.5 kts
7500 m at 26.5 kts
Power plant ?
This torpedo was used for boats the K XI class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 64 (incl. surface fleet) IV45 torpedoes. Also used aboard the K XIV class during WWII.
The V 45 torpedo
Service 1930 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Fiume.
Diameter 18"
Weight 843 Kg
Length ?
Warhead 170 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 3000 m at 40 kts
8000 m at 28 kts
Power plant ?
This torpedo was used for boats that served in the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 20 (incl. surface fleet) V45 torpedoes
The I 53 torpedo
Service 1923 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Saint Tropez
Diameter 21"
Weight 1437 Kg
Length 6.84 m
Warhead 250 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 4000 m at 39 kts
10000 m at 26 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo (the first 21"torpedo for the Dutch) entered the
This torpedo (the first 21"torpedo for the Dutch) entered the submarine service after World War I and was used until the beginning of World War II. The first of these 21" torpedoes arrived in the Netherlands in 1923.
This torpedo was used on the K XI class and the O 9 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 27 (incl. surface fleet) I 53 torpedoes
The II 53 torpedo
Service 1928 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1525 Kg
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 3000 m (effective)
4000 m at 42 kts
10000 m at 28 kts
This torpedo was used on the K XI class, O 12 class and the K XIV class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 200 (incl. surface fleet) II 53 torpedoes. First unit ordered around 1924 and last unit delivered in 1932.
The III 53 torpedo
Service 1929 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Fiume
Diameter 21"
Weight 1534
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 4000 m at 41 kts
10000 m at 28 kts
This torpedo was used on the O 12 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 60 (incl. surface fleet) III 53 torpedoes.
The IV 53 torpedo
Service 1935 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1560 Kg
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 3000 m at 46 kts
10000 m at 29 kts
The O 16 (O 16 class) was the first Dutch submarine equipped with these torpedoes. 22 of these weapons were ordered for the O 16.
This torpedo was used on the O 16 class and the O 21 class.
The V 53 torpedo
Service 1937 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1650 Kg
Length 7.2 m
Warhead 300/350 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 4000 m at 45 kts
12000 m at 28 kts
Power plant 2 cylinder (double) engine?
This torpedo entered the Dutch submarine service shortly before World War II and was used until the beginning of the war.
This torpedo was used on the O 19 and the O 21 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 252 (incl. surface fleet) V 53 torpedoes.
The Mk II torpedo
Service Beginning WW II -
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Design 1914
Diameter 21"
Weight 2794 lbs. TNT?
Warhead 225 lbs.
Range/Speed 10000 yds at 29 kts
Power plant Air-driven piston engine converted to
run on preheated oil-air mixture.
In the beginning of World War II the Dutch used their own 21" torpedoes. After the Dutch ran out of these, the British Mk II and Mk IV were used.
This torpedo was used on the O 12 class and the K XIV class.
The Mk IV torpedo
Service Beginning WW II -
Origin RN Torpedo Factory, Greenock (Scotland)
Design 1917
Diameter 21"
Length 22 ft 7.5 inch
Weight 3190 or 3206 lbs.
Buoyancy -445 lbs
Warhead 515 lbs TNT
Range/Speed 5000 or 6000 yds at 40 kts
9500 yds at 30 kts
Power plant Four cylinder wet-heater engine
In the beginning of World War II the Dutch used their own 21" torpedoes. After the Dutch ran out of these, the British Mk II and Mk IV were used. These torpedoes (Mark IV**) were first tested by the O 21 in Dec 1940.
This torpedo was used on the O 21 class.
The Mk 8** or Mk VIII** torpedo
Service 1940 - ?
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Design About to enter production at the outbreak of war.
Diameter 21"
Length 21'7"
Weight 5452 lbs max., air 253 lbs, shale oil 30lbs
Negative buoyancy 804 lbs max
Warhead 805 lbs Torpex, orig, 722 lbs TNT
Air vessel 15.64 ft3, 3000 psi
Range/Speed 5000 yds at 45,5 kts
7000 yds at 41 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine, semi-diesel.
Brotherhood burner cycle.
Power 322 HP at 45 kts
Consumption 9.7 lbs / HP / Hr
Note This improved version had higher air pressure, larger propellers.
Modifications could run at 23 m (normally 13.4 m) and were strengthened for launching at 91 m
* = Mk VIII* details, ** = Mk VIII* details
During World War II the Dutch first used their own and the British Mk II and Mk IV torpedoes. But as soon as the British produced enough Mk VIII** these torpedoes also became available for to the Dutch submarine service. After some small modifications these torpedoes could be fired by the Dutch submarines also. The torpedo was called the Mk VIII SD, SD stands for Submarine Dutch. During the war some British submarines were transferred to the Dutch navy (S, U and Zwaardvis (1) class), this definitely made the Mk VIII** part of the Dutch submarine service.
After World War II the last few torpedoes from Dutch origin were discarded and the Mk VIII** became the standard torpedo for the Dutch submarine service. The Mk VIII** was in service until 1978, the last version used was the Mk 8 mod 4. The MK VIII was also called 8/53.
This torpedo was used on the O 19 class, S class, U class, O 21 class, Zwaardvis (1) class and the Dolfijn & Potvis class
The Dutch Navy bought a total of 84 (incl. surface fleet) Mk 8 torpedoes.
O 21 and the torpedo work ship Mercuur (2), 1950. Note the torpedo (probably a MK VIII) being loaded.
The Mk 8 mod4 torpedo
Service ? - 1978
Origin Royal Navy
Diameter 21"
Warhead 300 Kg
This improved version of the Mk VIII** was in service until 1978.
The Mk 9 torpedo
Service 1943 - 1962
Diameter 21"
Length 7.2 m
Weight 1725 Kg
Warhead 365 Kg Torpex
Range/Speed 15000 m at 40 kts
17000 m at 35 kts
It is not clear whether these torpedoes where ever used aboard Dutch submarines. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 68 (incl. surface fleet) Mk 9 torpedoes.
The Mk X or Mk X*** torpedo
Service .......................?
Origin .......................?
Year .......................?
Exploder .......................?
Range/Speed .......................?
Power plant .......................?
This torpedo was used on the O 21 class and . . . .
British designation of the Mk X for the Dutch submarines was Mk X***. Some sources report that the Mk X*** is actually the G 7AD torpedo.
Please contact us if you have any information on this type of torpedo.
The Mk XIV or Mk 14 torpedo
Service 1943 (exact period unknown)
Origin US Navy
Year 1931
Exploder Magnetic
Diameter 21"
Weight 3280 lbs, air 256 lbs, alcohol 28 lbs, fresh water 83 lbs
Warhead 643 lbs Torpex
Length 20'6"
Range/Speed 4500 yds at 46 kts
9000 yds at 31,5 kts
Power plant Steam engine
Consumption 19,5 lbs / HP / Hr
Notes The 31 kts setting was rarely used during the war.
This little used low-speed was abandoned in 1943. It is reported that the K XV loaded this type of torpedo at the New London (US) base in 1943.
This torpedo was used on the K XIV class.Torpedoes and Mines of the Dutch Submarine Service
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In the year 2005 the Dutch Torpedo Arm will celebrate is 130th birthday. Among other things a reunion will be organized. For additional photos and information please check the 'related pages list' at the bottom of this page.
The Unknown mine
Type -----------------?
Diameter -----------------?
Warhead -----------------?
Exploder -----------------?
Type -----------------?
Notes -----------------?
This mine was used aboard the O 19 class submarine mine layers. It is possibly a Vickers. of which there where 199 on stock in the NEI in Feb. 1942). Please contact us if you have any information on this type of torpedo.
A set of mystery mines being transferred to the submarine O 19. The mines are just about to be lowered in their external shafts. Year, place and type of mine unknown (Photo: Collection IMH / Siem Spruijt ).
Additional info on this image at the Mystery Pictures page.
The Visch Ar torpedo
Diameter 18"
Length 5.04 m
Warhead 60 Kg wet gun-cotton
Exploder Contact
Range/Speed 1000 m at 26 kts
1500 m at 22 kts
Power plant Radial piston engine,
compressed air.
Propulsion Two counter rotating propellers
First torpedo of the Dutch submarine service. Improved many times, air pressure increased from 150 to 200 atm, a combustion chamber and a sweet water injection system was installed. The torpedo was also improved by installing a faster gyro, air was used to keep the speed of the gyro constant.
The XA torpedo
Service 1896(MTB's)-
Diameter 18"
Warhead wet gun-cotton
Possibly the XA and the XIIA refer to the same torpedo. This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB).
The XIIA torpedo
Service 1903(MTB's)-
Diameter 18"
Warhead 60 Kg wet gun-cotton
Engine 3 cylinder,
compressed air
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). The O 1 was armed with 3 of these 18" torpedo's. Possibly the XA and the XIIA refer to the same torpedo. In the 1920's and maybe earlier/later the XII type a, b, and c was mainly used as exercise torpedo for surface vessels and as a spare wartime torpedo for submarines.
This torpedo was used on the O 1 class.
The I 45 torpedo
Service 1906(MTB's)-
Origin Fiume
Diameter 18"
Weight 624 Kg
Length 5.04 m
Warhead 85 Kg wet gun-cotton
Range 1000 m at 30 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). In the late 1930s when the Dutch submarine service was equipped more modern and better torpedoes, these torpedoes were used for exercises only. The Dutch even constructed adapters which made it possible to fire these 18" torpedoes from a 21" torpedo tube.
This torpedo was used on the O 2 class, K I class, O 6 class, O 7 class and the O 8 class.
The II 45 torpedo
Origin Fiume
Diameter 18"
Length >5 m
Warhead 85 Kg wet gun-cotton
Engine 4 cylinder radial engine,
heated compressed air
This torpedo was first used on torpedo boats (MTB). In the late 1930s when the Dutch submarine service was equipped more modern and better torpedoes, these torpedoes were used for exercises only. The Dutch even constructed adapters which made it possible to fire these 18" torpedoes from a 21" torpedo tube.
This torpedo was used on the K I class, O 7 class, O 8 class and the K II class.
K I loading a torpedo (type unknown). Surabaya 1919-1922 (Photo: Collection G.D. Horneman)
The III 45 torpedo
Service 1922 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
and Saint Tropez.
Diameter 18"
Weight 785 Kg
Length 5.43 m
Warhead 165 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 2000 m at 40 kts
6000 m at 26 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo entered the submarine service after World War I and was used until the beginning of World War II.
This torpedo was used on the K III class, K V class, K VIII class, K XI class and aboard O 9 and O 10. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 129 (incl. surface fleet) III 45 torpedoes
The IV 45 torpedo
Service 1928 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Horten.
Diameter 18"
Weight 820 Kg
Length ?
Warhead 180 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 2500 m at 40 kts
6000 m at 28.5 kts
7500 m at 26.5 kts
Power plant ?
This torpedo was used for boats the K XI class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 64 (incl. surface fleet) IV45 torpedoes. Also used aboard the K XIV class during WWII.
The V 45 torpedo
Service 1930 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Fiume.
Diameter 18"
Weight 843 Kg
Length ?
Warhead 170 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 3000 m at 40 kts
8000 m at 28 kts
Power plant ?
This torpedo was used for boats that served in the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 20 (incl. surface fleet) V45 torpedoes
The I 53 torpedo
Service 1923 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Saint Tropez
Diameter 21"
Weight 1437 Kg
Length 6.84 m
Warhead 250 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 4000 m at 39 kts
10000 m at 26 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine,
compressed air.
This torpedo (the first 21"torpedo for the Dutch) entered the
This torpedo (the first 21"torpedo for the Dutch) entered the submarine service after World War I and was used until the beginning of World War II. The first of these 21" torpedoes arrived in the Netherlands in 1923.
This torpedo was used on the K XI class and the O 9 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 27 (incl. surface fleet) I 53 torpedoes
The II 53 torpedo
Service 1928 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1525 Kg
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 3000 m (effective)
4000 m at 42 kts
10000 m at 28 kts
This torpedo was used on the K XI class, O 12 class and the K XIV class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 200 (incl. surface fleet) II 53 torpedoes. First unit ordered around 1924 and last unit delivered in 1932.
The III 53 torpedo
Service 1929 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Fiume
Diameter 21"
Weight 1534
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 4000 m at 41 kts
10000 m at 28 kts
This torpedo was used on the O 12 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 60 (incl. surface fleet) III 53 torpedoes.
The IV 53 torpedo
Service 1935 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin British, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1560 Kg
Warhead 300 Kg TNT
Range 3000 m at 46 kts
10000 m at 29 kts
The O 16 (O 16 class) was the first Dutch submarine equipped with these torpedoes. 22 of these weapons were ordered for the O 16.
This torpedo was used on the O 16 class and the O 21 class.
The V 53 torpedo
Service 1937 - 1946 (incl. surface fleet)
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Diameter 21"
Weight 1650 Kg
Length 7.2 m
Warhead 300/350 Kg TNT
Range/Speed 4000 m at 45 kts
12000 m at 28 kts
Power plant 2 cylinder (double) engine?
This torpedo entered the Dutch submarine service shortly before World War II and was used until the beginning of the war.
This torpedo was used on the O 19 and the O 21 class. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 252 (incl. surface fleet) V 53 torpedoes.
The Mk II torpedo
Service Beginning WW II -
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Design 1914
Diameter 21"
Weight 2794 lbs. TNT?
Warhead 225 lbs.
Range/Speed 10000 yds at 29 kts
Power plant Air-driven piston engine converted to
run on preheated oil-air mixture.
In the beginning of World War II the Dutch used their own 21" torpedoes. After the Dutch ran out of these, the British Mk II and Mk IV were used.
This torpedo was used on the O 12 class and the K XIV class.
The Mk IV torpedo
Service Beginning WW II -
Origin RN Torpedo Factory, Greenock (Scotland)
Design 1917
Diameter 21"
Length 22 ft 7.5 inch
Weight 3190 or 3206 lbs.
Buoyancy -445 lbs
Warhead 515 lbs TNT
Range/Speed 5000 or 6000 yds at 40 kts
9500 yds at 30 kts
Power plant Four cylinder wet-heater engine
In the beginning of World War II the Dutch used their own 21" torpedoes. After the Dutch ran out of these, the British Mk II and Mk IV were used. These torpedoes (Mark IV**) were first tested by the O 21 in Dec 1940.
This torpedo was used on the O 21 class.
The Mk 8** or Mk VIII** torpedo
Service 1940 - ?
Origin Whitehead, Weymouth
Design About to enter production at the outbreak of war.
Diameter 21"
Length 21'7"
Weight 5452 lbs max., air 253 lbs, shale oil 30lbs
Negative buoyancy 804 lbs max
Warhead 805 lbs Torpex, orig, 722 lbs TNT
Air vessel 15.64 ft3, 3000 psi
Range/Speed 5000 yds at 45,5 kts
7000 yds at 41 kts
Power plant 4 cylinder radial engine, semi-diesel.
Brotherhood burner cycle.
Power 322 HP at 45 kts
Consumption 9.7 lbs / HP / Hr
Note This improved version had higher air pressure, larger propellers.
Modifications could run at 23 m (normally 13.4 m) and were strengthened for launching at 91 m
* = Mk VIII* details, ** = Mk VIII* details
During World War II the Dutch first used their own and the British Mk II and Mk IV torpedoes. But as soon as the British produced enough Mk VIII** these torpedoes also became available for to the Dutch submarine service. After some small modifications these torpedoes could be fired by the Dutch submarines also. The torpedo was called the Mk VIII SD, SD stands for Submarine Dutch. During the war some British submarines were transferred to the Dutch navy (S, U and Zwaardvis (1) class), this definitely made the Mk VIII** part of the Dutch submarine service.
After World War II the last few torpedoes from Dutch origin were discarded and the Mk VIII** became the standard torpedo for the Dutch submarine service. The Mk VIII** was in service until 1978, the last version used was the Mk 8 mod 4. The MK VIII was also called 8/53.
This torpedo was used on the O 19 class, S class, U class, O 21 class, Zwaardvis (1) class and the Dolfijn & Potvis class
The Dutch Navy bought a total of 84 (incl. surface fleet) Mk 8 torpedoes.
O 21 and the torpedo work ship Mercuur (2), 1950. Note the torpedo (probably a MK VIII) being loaded.
The Mk 8 mod4 torpedo
Service ? - 1978
Origin Royal Navy
Diameter 21"
Warhead 300 Kg
This improved version of the Mk VIII** was in service until 1978.
The Mk 9 torpedo
Service 1943 - 1962
Diameter 21"
Length 7.2 m
Weight 1725 Kg
Warhead 365 Kg Torpex
Range/Speed 15000 m at 40 kts
17000 m at 35 kts
It is not clear whether these torpedoes where ever used aboard Dutch submarines. The Dutch Navy bought a total of 68 (incl. surface fleet) Mk 9 torpedoes.
The Mk X or Mk X*** torpedo
Service .......................?
Origin .......................?
Year .......................?
Exploder .......................?
Range/Speed .......................?
Power plant .......................?
This torpedo was used on the O 21 class and . . . .
British designation of the Mk X for the Dutch submarines was Mk X***. Some sources report that the Mk X*** is actually the G 7AD torpedo.
Please contact us if you have any information on this type of torpedo.
The Mk XIV or Mk 14 torpedo
Service 1943 (exact period unknown)
Origin US Navy
Year 1931
Exploder Magnetic
Diameter 21"
Weight 3280 lbs, air 256 lbs, alcohol 28 lbs, fresh water 83 lbs
Warhead 643 lbs Torpex
Length 20'6"
Range/Speed 4500 yds at 46 kts
9000 yds at 31,5 kts
Power plant Steam engine
Consumption 19,5 lbs / HP / Hr
Notes The 31 kts setting was rarely used during the war.
This little used low-speed was abandoned in 1943. It is reported that the K XV loaded this type of torpedo at the New London (US) base in 1943.
This torpedo was used on the K XIV class.