[原创翻译]《经济学人》:美军未来战士

来源:百度文库 编辑:超级军网 时间:2024/04/29 08:07:18
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The march of technology<p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #9a9a9a; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Jun 8th 2006<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #9a9a9a; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">From The Economist print edition<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Military equipment: Researchers are devising new ways to turn soldiers into cyborg-like, high-tech fighting machines<p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">技术的推动</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.55pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">武器装备:研究人员正在开拓新的途径,把士兵变成电子人(译注</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)般的高技术作战机器。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">STEALTH bombers, giant aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines are the modern<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">symbols of military might, but they are of limited use in today's “asymmetric” conflicts. The old certainties of the cold war have given way to messy urban-guerrilla operations in Iraq, Somalia and Liberia, search-and-destroy missions in Afghanistan and the Sudan, and peacekeeping operations in many parts of the world. This has shifted the emphasis away from expensive weapons systems and back towards individual soldiers. As a result, programmes to develop new “solder-centric” technologies have been launched in America, Britain, Germany, Italy and other countries.<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">隐形轰炸机、巨大的航空母舰和核动力潜艇是军事力量的现代象征,但是在今天的“非对称战争”(译注</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">2</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)中很少用到它们。冷战时代的旧规则已经让位于伊拉克、索马里和利比里亚的混乱的城市游击战;阿富汗和苏丹的搜索并摧毁任务;以及在世界许多地方进行的维持和平行动。这就把战争的中心从昂贵的武器系统转回到士兵本身。因此,美国、英国、德国、意大利和其他国家都已经开始开发“士兵为中心”的新军事技术。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“Right now, we aren't losing any submarines or aircraft carriers,” says Edwin Thomas, the head of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies. “So, spending money on protecting soldiers is really the right thing to be doing.” <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“现在我们损失的不是潜艇或者航空母舰,”麻省理工大学士兵纳米技术研究所(译注</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">3</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">),材料科学与工程部门的主管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Edwin Thomas</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">说,“所以,把钱花在保护士兵上面才是真正应该做的。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Modern soldiers are hardly short of technological gizmos. Over the years they have been weighed down with all kinds of gadgets, in addition to their usual weapons, equipment and provisions. A survey of American soldiers—the first conducted in 40 years—found that an infantryman typically carries around 120 pounds, or 55kg, on his back. “If I were to put 120 pounds of kit on you with a weapons system, and then tell you, ‘Okay, now I am going to shoot at you, and you're going to shoot these targets,' you would understand how truly difficult it is not only to accomplish your mission, but to just stay alive,” says Jean-Louis “Dutch” DeGay of the American army's Future Force Warrior (FFW) programme, a $250m effort to devise military technologies for deployment starting in 2010.<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">现代士兵很少成为技术发明的一部分。长期以来他们通常被各种器械以及武器、装备和供给等所累。一次针对美国士兵的调查——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">40</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年来第一次——显示一名步兵通常要背负</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">120</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">磅,合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">55</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">公斤的装备。“如果我把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">120</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">磅包括武器系统的装备安到你身上,然后告诉你,‘好,现在我向你射击,而你向这些目标射击,’你就会明白不只是完成你的任务,就算是活下来都是一件很难的事情,”美国军方未来部队勇士计划(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">FFW</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)的装备专家让</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">-</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">路易</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">·达奇·德盖(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Jean-Louis “Dutch” DeGay</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">说,这一耗资<span lang="EN-US">2亿5千万美元的计划致力于开发相关军用装备技术并在2010年开始部署。<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Individually, each radio, satellite-positioning unit or night-vision system works well; the problem is that these separate devices do not work smoothly together. So the aim of the FFW programme, and of similar efforts such as Britain's Future Infantry Soldier Technology project, Germany's Projekthaus System Soldat and Italy's Soldato Futuro initiative is to integrate all of these technologies to create a seamless partnership with the soldier. The result, if it works, will be to transform each soldier into a kind of part-human, part-machine cyborg—“an F-16 on legs”, as Mr DeGay puts it. The best way to think of the soldier of the future, he says, is “as an integrated, mobile weapons system, like a Bradley fighting vehicle or an Abrams tank.”<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">电台、卫星定位设备或者夜视设备单个的时候工作的都很正常;问题是这些分散的设备在一起就工作的就不那么好了。所以,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Verdana">FFW</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">计划的目的,同时也是英国的未来步兵士兵技术(译注</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Verdana">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">),德国的士兵系统项目(译注</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Verdana">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)以及意大利的未来士兵计划的目标,就是要整合所有这些技术以创造与士兵之间的无缝化配合关系。结果就是,如果它有效,将会把每个士兵变成一种半人半机器的电子人——如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Verdana">DeGay</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">所说,“一个长腿的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Verdana">F-16</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">”。他说,对于未来士兵最好的想法是“像一个整合的移动武器系统,像一辆布莱德利战车或者一辆埃博拉姆斯坦克。”</span></p></span>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-7-15 11:13:39编辑过]
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The march of technology<p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #9a9a9a; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Jun 8th 2006<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #9a9a9a; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">From The Economist print edition<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Military equipment: Researchers are devising new ways to turn soldiers into cyborg-like, high-tech fighting machines<p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">技术的推动</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.55pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">武器装备:研究人员正在开拓新的途径,把士兵变成电子人(译注</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)般的高技术作战机器。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">STEALTH bombers, giant aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines are the modern<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">symbols of military might, but they are of limited use in today's “asymmetric” conflicts. The old certainties of the cold war have given way to messy urban-guerrilla operations in Iraq, Somalia and Liberia, search-and-destroy missions in Afghanistan and the Sudan, and peacekeeping operations in many parts of the world. This has shifted the emphasis away from expensive weapons systems and back towards individual soldiers. As a result, programmes to develop new “solder-centric” technologies have been launched in America, Britain, Germany, Italy and other countries.<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">隐形轰炸机、巨大的航空母舰和核动力潜艇是军事力量的现代象征,但是在今天的“非对称战争”(译注</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">2</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)中很少用到它们。冷战时代的旧规则已经让位于伊拉克、索马里和利比里亚的混乱的城市游击战;阿富汗和苏丹的搜索并摧毁任务;以及在世界许多地方进行的维持和平行动。这就把战争的中心从昂贵的武器系统转回到士兵本身。因此,美国、英国、德国、意大利和其他国家都已经开始开发“士兵为中心”的新军事技术。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“Right now, we aren't losing any submarines or aircraft carriers,” says Edwin Thomas, the head of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies. “So, spending money on protecting soldiers is really the right thing to be doing.” <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“现在我们损失的不是潜艇或者航空母舰,”麻省理工大学士兵纳米技术研究所(译注</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">3</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">),材料科学与工程部门的主管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Edwin Thomas</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">说,“所以,把钱花在保护士兵上面才是真正应该做的。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Modern soldiers are hardly short of technological gizmos. Over the years they have been weighed down with all kinds of gadgets, in addition to their usual weapons, equipment and provisions. A survey of American soldiers—the first conducted in 40 years—found that an infantryman typically carries around 120 pounds, or 55kg, on his back. “If I were to put 120 pounds of kit on you with a weapons system, and then tell you, ‘Okay, now I am going to shoot at you, and you're going to shoot these targets,' you would understand how truly difficult it is not only to accomplish your mission, but to just stay alive,” says Jean-Louis “Dutch” DeGay of the American army's Future Force Warrior (FFW) programme, a $250m effort to devise military technologies for deployment starting in 2010.<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">现代士兵很少成为技术发明的一部分。长期以来他们通常被各种器械以及武器、装备和供给等所累。一次针对美国士兵的调查——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">40</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年来第一次——显示一名步兵通常要背负</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">120</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">磅,合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">55</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">公斤的装备。“如果我把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">120</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">磅包括武器系统的装备安到你身上,然后告诉你,‘好,现在我向你射击,而你向这些目标射击,’你就会明白不只是完成你的任务,就算是活下来都是一件很难的事情,”美国军方未来部队勇士计划(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">FFW</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)的装备专家让</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">-</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">路易</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">·达奇·德盖(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Jean-Louis “Dutch” DeGay</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">说,这一耗资<span lang="EN-US">2亿5千万美元的计划致力于开发相关军用装备技术并在2010年开始部署。<p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Individually, each radio, satellite-positioning unit or night-vision system works well; the problem is that these separate devices do not work smoothly together. So the aim of the FFW programme, and of similar efforts such as Britain's Future Infantry Soldier Technology project, Germany's Projekthaus System Soldat and Italy's Soldato Futuro initiative is to integrate all of these technologies to create a seamless partnership with the soldier. The result, if it works, will be to transform each soldier into a kind of part-human, part-machine cyborg—“an F-16 on legs”, as Mr DeGay puts it. The best way to think of the soldier of the future, he says, is “as an integrated, mobile weapons system, like a Bradley fighting vehicle or an Abrams tank.”<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">电台、卫星定位设备或者夜视设备单个的时候工作的都很正常;问题是这些分散的设备在一起就工作的就不那么好了。所以,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Verdana">FFW</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">计划的目的,同时也是英国的未来步兵士兵技术(译注</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Verdana">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">),德国的士兵系统项目(译注</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Verdana">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)以及意大利的未来士兵计划的目标,就是要整合所有这些技术以创造与士兵之间的无缝化配合关系。结果就是,如果它有效,将会把每个士兵变成一种半人半机器的电子人——如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Verdana">DeGay</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">所说,“一个长腿的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Verdana">F-16</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">”。他说,对于未来士兵最好的想法是“像一个整合的移动武器系统,像一辆布莱德利战车或者一辆埃博拉姆斯坦克。”</span></p></span>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-7-15 11:13:39编辑过]
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[此贴子已经被作者于2006-7-15 11:04:52编辑过]
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-7-15 11:16:13编辑过]
<p style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体" size="3">1.</font><span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3">cyborg:</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">
                        </span><span class="resultbodyblack1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;MS Reference Sans Serif&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><strong>part-human, part-robot being:&nbsp;</strong></span></span><font color="#333333"><span class="resultbody1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;MS Reference Sans Serif&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">a fictional being that is part human, part robot</span></span><span class="resultbody1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">。我觉得这里翻成“电子人”比较合适。</span></span></font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #2d3741; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">电子人(<span lang="EN-US">cyborg),一个用cybernetics(控制论)和organism(生<a href="http://www.yesky.com/key/1738/191738.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font color="#000000">物体</font></span></a>)结合而成的单词,在1960年由Manfred Clynes创造,它用来描述人工提高人类的生物学<a href="http://www.yesky.com/key/3532/173532.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font color="#000000">能力</font></span></a>,以在恶劣的环境中存活。开始,电子人指的是靠机械<a href="http://www.yesky.com/key/1977/161977.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font color="#000000">装置</font></span></a>维持生命的人,比如依靠氧气罐,人工<a href="http://www.yesky.com/key/1898/196898.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font color="#000000">心脏</font></span></a>或胰岛素。随后几年,此术语产生了更多的意思,描述依靠技术的人类,在这种情况下,电子人用来<a href="http://www.yesky.com/key/597/75597.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font color="#000000">刻画</font></span></a>某个依靠电脑完成他们日常工作的人。 <p></p></span></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体" size="3">2.</font><span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">asymmetric conflict</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;"><font face="宋体">:</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">非对称战争一词的学术性定义是:“与强敌对抗的一方,为掌握战略或战役主动权,从自己处于劣势的情况出发而采取的避开强敌高技术武器的强点、击其弱点的一种作战方式或作战指导思想。”</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;通俗地说,所谓“非对称战争”,就是指交战的双方大小、强弱悬殊,极不“对称”。在这种情况下,小方、弱方采用了非传统的战争手法,达到以小胜大、以弱制强。</font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><p></p></span></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 13.45pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.28; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">美国的军事专家指出,二十一世纪的第一场战争,完全脱离过去传统战争的历史轨道<span lang="EN-US">.这是一场新型的战争。他们用军事新术语来说明这场新型战争的特点,曰“非对称战争”。<p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3">3.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">
                        </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;">MIT’s Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies: 麻省理工大学士兵纳米技术研究所。</span><span class="style101"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">麻省理工学院(<span lang="EN-US">MIT)和美国陆军共同成立了纳米技术研究所"Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies(ISN)"并已经开始运转。这一消息是由MIT于美国时间5月22日公布的。该研究所位于马塞诸塞州(麻省)剑桥,占地面积为2万8000平方英尺(约2600平方米)。 </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="style101"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">ISN由美国陆军提供5000万美元补贴于2002年3月份成立的。其目的在于结合基础与应用研究,以便开发出能够飞速提高士兵生存率的纳米技术。目前的主要课题分为士兵防御、作战能力以及受伤时的处理与治疗等三个领域。具体来说,"正在研究防御子弹、火焰以及化学和生物武器;实现受伤者的症状监视及治疗的自动化;提高战斗能力以及装备轻量化等"(MIT)。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt;"><span class="style101"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">在仪式上展示的研究成果如下。 </font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span class="style101"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt;">·通过涂在布料及士兵的装备上从而具有防水性和灭菌性的纳米级涂层技术 </span></span><br/><span class="style101"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt;">·进入磁场以后便会变硬的液体。需要时使其硬化从而可以用做防护用具 </span></span><br/><span class="style101"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt;">·进入电场以后生成类似手风琴(Accordions)的可折叠高分子化合物。可以用做人工筋肉和止血带 </span></span><p></p></font></span></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt;"><span class="style101"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">ISN将分为7个小组进行研究。主要研究小组的研究课题概要如下。 </font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span class="style101"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt;">·吸收能量的材料:负责开发用做战斗服部分的能够吸收能量的纳米材料。通过提高对于子弹等的防御性,从而可以提高士兵的生存率 </span></span><br/><span class="style101"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt;">·可以进行机械动作的材料及设备:负责开发对动作提供帮助及动态硬化的纳米材料。有助于改善士兵的行动能力和在战场中进行治疗 </span></span><br/><span class="style101"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt;">·防御传感器以及化学生物武器:负责开发可以化学生物武器技术,如高精度传感器以及可以织入战斗服中的具有卓越防御性能的纤维和布等。 </span></span><br/><span class="style101"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt;">·医用材料及纳米设备:负责研究用来处置大量出血等致命创伤的纳米技术。确定受伤士兵的治疗优先度,实现急救处理自动化 </span></span><p></p></font></span></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="style101"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">另外支援<span lang="EN-US">ISN的企业与组织如下。美国Dow Corning、美国Triton Systems、美国Dendritic Nanotechnologies、美国Nomadics、美国Carbon Nanotechnologies、W.L. Gore and Associates公司、美国杜邦、美国Raytheon、Partners Healthcare公司、Army Natick Soldier Center以及Army Research Laboratory。 </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 8.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">.</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Future&nbsp;Infantry&nbsp;Soldier&nbsp;Technology: </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在未来单兵装备发展热潮中,英国也展开了“未来</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">步兵士兵技术”(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Future&nbsp;Infantry&nbsp;Soldier&nbsp;Technology</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">FIST</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)计划。该计划被英国国防部采办局“徒步近战综合项目组”管理,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2003</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月选择泰利斯英国公司承担开发工作。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">英国“未来步兵士兵技术”计划的五个主要的能力区域被确认为<span lang="EN-US">C4I(指挥、控制、通信、计算机和情报);杀伤力(武器和视力);灵活性(导航、装备大小和重量);生存性(战斗服、隐形和防弹衣)和承受能力(后勤考虑)。“未来步兵士兵技术”计划是前瞻性的,在开发和设计的范围方面思考性的发展,在概念、性能方面满足连续性去发展。“未来步兵士兵技术”计划发展覆盖所有的技术范围,用于徒步的士兵和系统的综合。“未来步兵士兵技术”系统将会提供改良的环境察觉能力、杀伤力和生存力给士兵。系统轻易地将会实现改良士兵能力、与战友良好协作和舒适操作。<p></p></span></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>相关链接:<a href="http://military.people.com.cn/GB/42963/3393750.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font color="#000000">http://military.people.com.cn/GB/42963/3393750.html</font></span></a></span>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-7-15 11:18:30编辑过]
<p>这英文原文是这个月初的杂志上的,消息可能有点老。不过我觉得这里面能看出美军对未来战争的设想。有没有感兴趣的朋友来讨论一下相关的技术啊。</p>
霉菌那个FCS的广告片拍得很不错。
<p>Technological overkill</p><p>这个翻译得不对,overkill有翻译为“超杀”的,就是毫无必要地滥用,中国话叫做“高射炮打蚊子”。</p>
<p>These pick up the sound of the sniper's weapon being fired</p><p>这句话里面没有“武器设计师”,估计是弄混了。</p>
<p>expanded situational awareness 翻译为 “延伸情境意识”是不合适的,situational awareness 术语叫做“态势感知”,翻译为“扩展态势感知”更好一些。</p>
<p><font face="Verdana" size="2">无论如何 human-systems engineering 翻译为 “<font face="宋体">“人类系统工程”</font>”是不正确的,“human-systems engineering ”的解释如下,国内有翻译为“人力系统工程”或者“人力资源系统学”都还可以。</font></p><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">--------------------------------------------------</font></p><p>Human Systems Engineering<br/>Human Systems Engineering (HSE) uses engineering methods and knowledge from the physical, biological, information, social, and management sciences to develop, implement, operate, evaluate, and improve human-machine, human-human, and human-organization systems. Graduate studies in HSE cover Human Factors Engineering, Ergonomics, and Management Systems Engineering.</p><p>Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF&amp;E) apply scientific principles to develop systems in which people play significant roles as users, operators, and maintainers. To achieve high levels of system performance and human productivity, health, safety, and satisfaction, HF&amp;E explicitly consider human sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and physical characteristics in the design of tools, equipment, workstations, and tasks for manufacturing, aerospace, health care, and other complex systems. <br/>Management Systems Engineering (MgtSE) focuses on the design of organizational and group systems, structures, and processes, utilizing an engineering design perspective. Organizational and group systems are composed of people, decision tools, and work processes, and MSE emphasizes the interactions among these components. MSE is a multi-disciplinary field and draws on the following areas: management and organizational behavior, macro ergonomics, organizational development, quality management, engineering management and information systems. <br/></p><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">--------------------------------------------------</font></p>
<p>强烈鄙视挑人毛病的行为,翻译是非常累人的活(尤其是在论坛上发,没有报酬的情况下),楼上的连一句夸奖的话都没有,上来就挑毛病。。实在看不下去</p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-6-26 8:32:32编辑过]
<div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>ppkshock</i>在2006-6-25 18:42:00的发言:</b><br/>霉菌那个FCS的广告片拍得很不错。</div><p>那个广告我也看了,确实很强劲啊。那里面展示的应该还只是未来战士系统的初代版本。感觉更加接近于特种作战任务。如果,按照他们的设想全面装备部队的话,战斗力确实是可怕的。不过,估计几十年内即使是美国也没能力维持整师建制的高级版未来战士吧。</p>
<p>未来作战系统,估计用在特种作战上效能比较好,以后很长一段时间,常规部队恐怕还用不着!</p>
<div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>S-波段</i>在2006-6-25 23:15:00的发言:</b><br/><p>强烈鄙视挑人毛病的行为,翻译是非常累人的活(尤其是在论坛上发,没有报酬的情况下),楼上的连一句夸奖的话都没有,上来就挑毛病。。实在看不下去</p></div><p></p><p>你以为我对谁都这样挑毛病阿,对于某些错字连篇的译文,我连挑毛病的兴趣都没有。</p><p>翻译错误是难免的,比如张召忠的《猎杀红色十月号》翻译得非常漂亮,但是仍然会把“攻角”(其实就是“迎角”)翻译为“攻击角”。</p><p>楼主的这篇译文的质量是相当高的,比很多所谓的“名家”翻译得材料都好得多。</p>
  我个人觉得《猎杀红色十月号》不如《追击红十月》来得精彩,还有现在的一些书翻译W-SS成党卫军,翻译成武装党卫队更合适些,军事翻译就和其他专业翻译一样复杂,专用术语太多,不了解人来翻译,即使他水平很高,也不能了解这个意思,翻译出来的东西不那么传神,中文版的CS把FAMAS的点射BRUST搞成爆炸开火,就是牛头不对马嘴的做法。
<div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>ppkshock</i>在2006-6-26 17:09:00的发言:</b><br/>  我个人觉得《猎杀红色十月号》不如《追击红十月》来得精彩,还有现在的一些书翻译W-SS成党卫军,翻译成武装党卫队更合适些,军事翻译就和其他专业翻译一样复杂,专用术语太多,不了解人来翻译,即使他水平很高,也不能了解这个意思,翻译出来的东西不那么传神,中文版的CS把FAMAS的点射BRUST搞成爆炸开火,就是牛头不对马嘴的做法。</div><p>没看过《追击红十月》(另外一个翻译版本?还是电影?),电影感觉不好。就翻译而言,80年代的翻译质量总体上相当高,这几年的有些翻译简直就不能看。连《参考消息》都经常犯错,比如说会把美国不对澳洲开放F-35的“软件源代码”说成是“不愿意分享密码”(英文都是code)。</p><p>还有某次说道二战的时候某潜艇“攻击坦克后沉没”,我当时看得直瞪眼,后来想想,是“tank”的误译,tank还有油轮或者货船的意思。</p><p>想想都奇怪,这几年可是学英语的高潮时期哟,不知道都学到哪里去了。</p>
<div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>拧发条鸟</i>在2006-6-26 19:31:00的发言:</b><br/><p>没看过《追击红十月》(另外一个翻译版本?还是电影?),电影感觉不好。就翻译而言,80年代的翻译质量总体上相当高,这几年的有些翻译简直就不能看。连《参考消息》都经常犯错,比如说会把美国不对澳洲开放F-35的“软件源代码”说成是“不愿意分享密码”(英文都是code)。</p><p>还有某次说道二战的时候某潜艇“攻击坦克后沉没”,我当时看得直瞪眼,后来想想,是“tank”的误译,tank还有油轮或者货船的意思。</p><p>想想都奇怪,这几年可是学英语的高潮时期哟,不知道都学到哪里去了。</p></div><p>这种不是水平而是态度问题。大三的时候看人民文学出版社出的《哈里波特》,因为手里有英文原版书,就对照着看,结果发现一堆译错的地方。有一章居然整整一个自然段漏译。当年人民文学出版社出的书都是翻译大家的手笔。现在的译者至少专业技能不会比我这个理工科大学生差吧。还有看电视上播出的和网上网友们自己制作字幕的国外影视作品也常发现,央视号称堂堂大国的第一官方媒体,太词翻译照样漏洞百出,信达雅居然不及几个网友。一本《心理学与生活》号称北大心理学系11位正副教授呕心沥血翻译的两个美国心理学教授写的书,大量的内容被翻得比英语原文还难懂,用当年英语老师的话就是“说的不是人话”,一开始手边没英文版,害得我只能自己倒着把他们的翻译翻回英语,靠想象,发现反而容易理解。</p>
嘿嘿,就是这样了,原来在外面做培训,用的是国内的翻译版本,用“惨不忍睹”形容差不多,后来就换E文原版了。关于那个经济学家的翻译,就恕我不能从命了。我在Wiki上曼施坦因的词条都没有翻译完呢,干了半截子,有工夫老兄帮我翻译如何?[em07]
[B]以下是引用[I]tulipe[/I]在2006-6-26 20:40:00的发言:[/B][BR]<p>这种不是水平而是态度问题。大三的时候看人民文学出版社出的《哈里波特》,因为手里有英文原版书,就对照着看,结果发现一堆译错的地方。有一章居然整整一个自然段漏译。当年人民文学出版社出的书都是翻译大家的手笔。现在的译者至少专业技能不会比我这个理工科大学生差吧。还有看电视上播出的和网上网友们自己制作字幕的国外影视作品也常发现,央视号称堂堂大国的第一官方媒体,太词翻译照样漏洞百出,信达雅居然不及几个网友。一本《心理学与生活》号称北大心理学系11位正副教授呕心沥血翻译的两个美国心理学教授写的书,大量的内容被翻得比英语原文还难懂,用当年英语老师的话就是“说的不是人话”,一开始手边没英文版,害得我只能自己倒着把他们的翻译翻回英语,靠想象,发现反而容易理解。</p>
[B]以下是引用[I]拧发条鸟[/I]在2006-6-26 21:31:00的发言:[/B][BR]嘿嘿,就是这样了,原来在外面做培训,用的是国内的翻译版本,用“惨不忍睹”形容差不多,后来就换E文原版了。关于那个经济学家的翻译,就恕我不能从命了。我在Wiki上曼施坦因的词条都没有翻译完呢,干了半截子,有工夫老兄帮我翻译如何?[em07] <div class="quote">[B]以下是引用[I]tulipe[/I]在2006-6-26 20:40:00的发言:[/B][BR]<p>这种不是水平而是态度问题。大三的时候看人民文学出版社出的《哈里波特》,因为手里有英文原版书,就对照着看,结果发现一堆译错的地方。有一章居然整整一个自然段漏译。当年人民文学出版社出的书都是翻译大家的手笔。现在的译者至少专业技能不会比我这个理工科大学生差吧。还有看电视上播出的和网上网友们自己制作字幕的国外影视作品也常发现,央视号称堂堂大国的第一官方媒体,太词翻译照样漏洞百出,信达雅居然不及几个网友。一本《心理学与生活》号称北大心理学系11位正副教授呕心沥血翻译的两个美国心理学教授写的书,大量的内容被翻得比英语原文还难懂,用当年英语老师的话就是“说的不是人话”,一开始手边没英文版,害得我只能自己倒着把他们的翻译翻回英语,靠想象,发现反而容易理解。</p></div>
自从那次Wiki被封以后就很久没上过了。我还有个亚历山大在上面呢。也不知道有没有人把它翻完了。
<p>二位都是专业翻译人士还是翻译爱好者?</p><p></p>
[B]以下是引用[I]ppkshock[/I]在2006-6-27 11:36:00的发言:[/B][BR]<p>二位都是专业翻译人士还是翻译爱好者?</p><p></p>
我是纯粹爱好,翻译都在业余时间。
呵呵,翻译东西还是有点成就感的,我原来翻译简氏周刊自己娱乐,一方面长点知识,一方面也是锻炼一下英语。
[B]以下是引用[I]ppkshock[/I]在2006-6-27 12:11:00的发言:[/B][BR]呵呵,翻译东西还是有点成就感的,我原来翻译简氏周刊自己娱乐,一方面长点知识,一方面也是锻炼一下英语。
有同感
如果有兴趣翻《经济学人》的话可以和我联系。我们有个网站,准备出中文电子版。网址就不在这里帖了,要不成广告了。
<p>上大学以后就喜欢上原版了(骡子和古腾堡计划都是功德无量啊),国内翻的那些东西看的很少(楼主除外。。),经济学人的文章我以前翻过不少,楼主有兴趣的话可以拉我入伙啊!</p>[em05]
FCS是霉菌未来三大计划之一,战斗力实在是恐怖啊,当然还是一个远景的东西。国内对它的解读感觉都有些问题,不知道是没看懂还是看懂了不愿意承认。
美国人仗着自己科技发达,老是吹嘘自己的未来战争技术和装备把自己的士兵吹的跟铁血战士一样。我们还他妈的是孙悟空呢!
小弟是英语专业的~看了你们的帖子后受益菲浅啊,虽然文章都看得懂~不过以前在碰到过的很多词汇和短句不知道怎么用中文翻译的更准确~现在很多问题真的是茅塞顿开啊!!!