从印度妇女的一次集体反抗斗争看印度社会实质(精彩评析 ...

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把我们全抓起来吧--正义的印度妇女们的呼声

羽然  / 发布于  2012年 12月31日(星期一) 13时16分

来源:http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/sep/16/india.gender

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'Arrest us all'

把我们全抓起来

When hundreds of women descended on Nagpur district court armed with knives, stones and chilli powder, within minutes the man who raped them lay dead. Raekha Prasad reports

当数百名用刀,石头和辣椒粉武装起来的妇女蜂拥至那格浦尔地区法院,几分钟之内强奸她们的家伙就一命呜呼了。Raekha Prasad报道。

The Guardian, Friday 16 September 2005
A year ago Usha Narayane was about to embark on a new life. A call-centre worker with a diploma in hotel management, she was 25 and about to travel north from her home in the centre of India to begin a managerial job in a hotel in Punjab. The job would transport her not only geographically but also socially.

一年前,Usha Narayane 即将开始一个新的生涯。Usha Narayane25岁,有酒店管理的文凭,过去在一个呼叫中心的工作。她正要从她印度中部的家向北到Punjab的一家旅馆从事管理工作。这份工作给她带来的不仅是地理的变化更是社会阶级的提升。

Like her neighbours, Narayane is a dalit, an "untouchable", at the bottom of the caste ladder. Schooling and literacy are rare among the women of Kasturba Nagar, the slum neighbourhood in the city of Nagpur where she grew up. She was unmarried, preferring to work and study. Yet nobody resented her success. Instead, they had high hopes for the girl. But Narayane went nowhere. Today, she is in her family's one-room, windowless home, awaiting trial for murder.

像她的邻居们一样,Narayane 是个达利特(贱民),一个不可接触者,处于种姓阶级的底层。在她长大的那格浦尔贫民窟Kasturba Nagar,贱民中读过书识字的很少。因为工作和学习,她未婚。然而没有人怨恨她的成功。相反,她们对于这个女孩子有很高的期待。但是Narayane 哪里也没去。今天,她在她家里的一间没有窗户的房间里等待因谋杀罪而受审。

At 3pm on August 13 2004, Akku Yadav was lynched by a mob of around 200 women from Kasturba Nagar. It took them 15 minutes to hack to death the man they say raped them with impunity for more than a decade. Chilli powder was thrown in his face and stones hurled. As he flailed and fought, one of his alleged victims hacked off his penis with a vegetable knife. A further 70 stab wounds were left on his body. The incident was made all the more extraordinary by its setting. Yadav was murdered not in the dark alleys of the slum, but on the shiny white marble floor of Nagpur district court.

在2004年8月13日下年3点,Akku Yadav被200名来自Kasturba Nagar的妇女用私刑处死。这个她们花了15分钟砍死的家伙据说强奸她们却逍遥法外超过10年。辣椒粉被撒在他脸上同时石头扔在他身上。当他挣扎反抗时,一个指控他的受害者用菜刀砍掉他的阴茎。他身上留下超过70处的刀伤。这事情比预想的更意外。Yadav不是在贫民窟的黑暗小巷里被杀的,而是在那格浦尔地区法院光亮照人的白色大理石地板上。

Laughed at and abused by the police when they reported being raped by Yadav, the women took the law into their own hands. A local thug, Yadav and his gang had terrorised the 300 families of Kasturba Nagar for more than a decade, barging into homes demanding money, shouting threats and abuse.

当她们报警被Yadav强奸时,得到的是警察的嘲笑和虐待。现在妇女们用双手维护了法律。Yadav和他的团伙是一伙地头蛇。他们在过去超过10年里,恐吓300户Kasturba Nagar的家庭,闯入他们的家里勒索钱财。

Residents say he murdered at least three neighbours and dumped their bodies on railway tracks. They had reported his crimes to the police dozens of times. Each time he was arrested, he was granted bail.

居民们说他杀了至少3个邻居并把他们的尸体放在铁道上。他们数十次向警方报案。每次他被捕后,他都能获准保释。

But it was rape that Yadav used to break and humiliate the community. A rape victim lives in every other house in the slum, say the residents of Kasturba Nagar. He violated women to control men, ordering his henchmen to drag even girls as young as 12 to a nearby derelict building to be gang-raped.

但是 Yadav 用强奸来打破和羞辱这个社区。Kasturba Nagar的居民说,在贫民窟里家家户户都有人被强奸。他用侵犯妇女来控制人,命令他的党羽把女孩拖到附近的一个废弃的建筑物里轮奸,基至有的受害女孩年仅12岁。

In India, even to admit to being raped is taboo, yet dozens of Yadav's victims reported the crime. But the 32-year-old was never charged with rape. Instead, the women say, the police would tell him who had made the reports and he would come after them. According to residents, the police were hand-in-glove with Yadav: he fed the local officers bribes and drink, and they protected him.

在印度,承认自己被强奸甚至被认为是禁忌,然而几十个受Yadav侵害的人报了案。但是这个32岁的家伙从来没有被控强奸。与之相反,妇女们说,警察会告诉他谁受理他的案件,然后警察会跟进此案。据居民们讲,警察和 Yadav是一伙的。Yadav给警察官员们行贿,警察是Yadav的保护伞。

When one 22-year-old reported being raped by Yadav, the police accused her of having an affair with him and sent her away. Several others were sent away after being told: "You're a loose woman. That's why he raped you."

当一个22岁受害者报案被Yadav强奸时,警察却指控她和Yadav是暧昧关系就打发她走了。其他人被打发走时被告知:“你是个破鞋,所以Yadav强奸你”。

Nagpur is counted among India's fastest-growing cities. Yet the experience of the women of Kasturba Nagar is a parallel tale of how everyday life in India's back streets is stuck in the past. Splashed across the country's news- papers, the gory image of Yadav's blood on the courtroom floor was a lesson in the consequences of a state unable to protect the weak and the vulnerable.

那格浦尔被认为是印度成长最快的城市之一。然而Kasturba Nagar的妇女们觉得活在旧社会。全国各地新闻报纸认为,Yadav血溅法院是教训,是一个国家无法保护弱者的结果。

After Yadav's murder, powerful voices were raised supporting the lynch mob. Prominent lawyers issued a statement saying the women should not be treated as the accused, but as the victims. One retired high court judge even congratulated the women. "In the circumstances they underwent, they were left with no alternative but to finish Akku. The women repeatedly pleaded with the police for their security. But the police failed to protect them," said Justice Bhau Vahane.

在 Yadav被杀后,各方强烈支持逼上梁山的受害者。著名律师表示:杀人的妇女们才是真正的受害者,不应该被当成罪犯。一个高等法院的退休法官甚至祝贺妇女们。Bhau Vahane法官说:“在那种环境下,她们除了解决掉他别无选择。妇女们不断请求来自警方的保护。但是警方没有保护她们。”

Two weeks before the lynching, Yadav came to Narayane's house on several successive days, threatening to throw acid on her and rape her. He targeted her, she says, because she was outspoken and her brother-in-law, a lawyer, had verbally stood up to Yadav. "He raped only poor people whom he thought wouldn't go and tell, or if they did, wouldn't be listened to. But he made a big mistake in threatening me. People felt that if I were attacked, no woman would ever be safe."

在事情发生前的两个星期, Yadav连续几天来到Narayane的家,威胁把她用硫酸毁容并强奸她。她说:Yadav把她当成目标是因为她的直言不讳同时她姐夫是个律师,在言语上和Yadav起了冲突。他只强奸他认为不会去报案的,或者就算报案,也没人理的穷人。但他威胁我是犯了一个大错。人们认为如果我都被攻击,没有女人会有安全。

Although Narayane has been charged with Yadav's murder, she claims she was not at the court when it took place but in the slum collecting signatures for a mass complaint against him. Among the charges levelled against her are some of India's most serious offences, including "anti- nationalist" crimes amounting to treason. "The cops say I planned the murder; that I started it. They have to make someone a scapegoat," she says. She believes she has been singled out because she has been the police's most vociferous critic. Her education gave her the confidence that inspired the community to act, she says.

尽管Narayane被控谋杀Yadav,她声称在事情发现时她在贫民窟里收集签名来举报Yadav并不在法院。在指控她的罪名里,有几项严重的罪行,包含反国民罪相当于叛国罪。她说:警察说我策划的谋杀,他们必须找到替罪羊。她认为她被挑选出来是因为她一直以来对警察在批评。她说她的教育给了激励社区行动的勇气。

In the week before the lynching, people started to talk about taking action against Yadav. He disappeared, sensing boiling anger. Narayane and her brother-in-law bypassed the local officers and went straight to the deputy commissioner. He gave the family a safe house for a night and promised to search for him.

在事情发生前的一周,人们开始讨论如何对付  Yadav。他感觉到人们沸腾的愤怒而躲了起来。 Narayane 和姐夫绕过当地官员和直奔副处长。副处长给了这个家庭住一晚的安全住处并答应找到 Yadav。

On August 6, hundreds of residents smashed his empty house to rubble. By evening they heard Yadav had "surrendered" and was in custody. "The police had said he would be in danger if he came back. They suggested he surrender into their care for his own safety."

在8月6日,数百名居民把他的空房夷为平地。到了晚上,她们听说 Yadav已经自首并被关起来了。警察告诉他回来会有威胁。警察建议为了 他自己的安全而自首,这样会受警方保护。

The next day he was due to appear at the city's district court and 500 slum residents gathered. As Yadav arrived, one of his henchmen tried to pass him knives wrapped in a blanket under the noses of the police. After the women protested, the accomplice was arrested and Yadav taken back into custody, but not before he threatened to return and teach every woman in the slum a lesson.

第二天他应该出现在地区法院,500个贫民窟居民聚集法院前。当Yadav 到法院时,他的一个党羽在警察鼻子底下试图递给Yadav 包着毯子的刀。在妇女们抗议后,党羽也被逮捕,Yadav被带回关押。但在事情发生前,Yadav扬言出来后要教训贫民窟的每个妇女。

Hearing that Yadav was likely to get bail yet again, when he returned to court, the women decided to act. "It was not calculated," Narayane says. "It was not a case that we all sat down and calmly planned what would happen. It was an emotional outburst. The women decided that, if necessary, they'd go to prison, but that this man would never come back and terrorise them."

听到了Yadav有可能再次保释,妇女们决定在他回到法院时下手。Narayane说:这并没有算计过,这并不是一件我们全体坐下来冷静地计划会发生什么的事。这是感情的爆发。妇女们决定,如果必要,她们会坐牢。但是她们会让这个家伙永远不会回来恐吓她们。

On the day of Yadav's hearing, 200 women came to the court armed with vegetable knives and chilli powder. As he walked in, Yadav spotted one of the women he had raped. He called her a prostitute and threatened to repeat the crime against her. The police laughed. She took off her sandal and began to hit him, shouting, "We can't both live on this Earth together. It's you or me."

在Yadav听证会当天,200位用菜刀和辣椒粉武装起来的妇女来到法院。当Yadav进去法院,Yadav看到一个他强奸的的妇女。Yadav骂她妓女并威胁再次强奸她。警察笑了。她脱下凉鞋,并开始叫喊着用鞋打他。我们不能一同活在这个世上。不是你死就是我亡。

It was a rallying cry to an incensed mob. Soon, he was being attacked on all sides. Knives were drawn and the two terrified officers guarding him ran away. Within 15 minutes, Yadav was dead on the courthouse floor. But his death has not brought the women peace. Five were immediately arrested, then released following a demonstration across the city. Now every woman living in the slum has claimed responsibility for the murder. They say no one person can take the blame: they have told the police to arrest them all.

她振臂一呼,应者云集。不一会,Yadav被各个方向攻击。刀拔出来了,两个保护他的警卫吓傻了,跑了。在15分钟内,Yadav 就死在法院地板上。但是他的死并没有给妇女带来平静。5个妇女马上被逮捕,在全城的示威后又释放。现在每个住在贫民窟的妇女都声称对谋杀负责。她们说没有一个人能承担责任,她们告诉警察把她们全部逮捕。

But it is Narayane who is in limbo as she waits for her case to be heard. "After the murder, society's eyes opened: the police's failings came to light. That has irritated them. The police see me as a catalyst for the exposure and want to nip it in the bud."

但是身陷囹圄的Narayane 在等待传说中的审判。在事情发生后,老天开眼了:警察的失职曝光了。这激怒了警察。警察视我为失职事件曝光的催化剂并要一切扼杀在萌芽状态。

They face a fight. Narayane is loudly unrepentant. "I'm not scared. I'm not ashamed," she says. "We've done a good thing for society. We will see whether society repays us".

他们面临一场斗争。Narayane一点都不后悔。她说:“我不害怕。我没有什么好羞愧的” “我们对社会做了好事。我们将看社会是如何回报我们的”。

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网友zzevil评论

http://www.cctvdream.com.cn/bbs/ ... 11&fromuid=9780

这些造反的必须干掉——呵呵,当地警察肯定是想这么干啦,其实这件案子现在还没判呢,去年才进入审理环节,这可能都不是故意拖延,而算是印度法律系统的正常速度,Narayane在这近10年来一直作为谋杀嫌犯被警察监视居住,这还是这案子影响大,当时警察没敢关押她,要不然她就要在监狱里过这10年了(其实她现在过的还不错,这案子给她在当地妇女中很高声望,现在她在一家基金会帮助下为当地贫民窟的女性提供职业培训),不过她学的酒店管理估计这辈子用不上了,其实用上了又怎么样,印度那地方游客都不安全,一个贱民出身的酒店经理真能改变自己的命运么?这是整个社会体制在压制她。

与这案子相比,去年的公车轮奸案处理可算是闪电速度了,原因可能有,1被害人并没有任何过错,和男友晚上看电影在市中心搭公车就在印度也是在道德范围内被允许的,2凶手手段极其残酷,用铁棒捅进她体内用手把肠子拽出来等,这在印度也算是重口味了,3受害者和她的男友出身清白,职业高尚(他俩的种姓我没找出来,不过受害者父亲说过另一个受害者只是男性朋友不是男友,因为他们种姓不同不能结婚,证明他们的种姓差别较大,就算一个较低也肯定有一个远比贫民窟的凶手们高),而凶手们是一群出自贫民窟的黑车司机、小贩、无业者等,我认为,这三点都很重要,但最后一点才是激起这么大愤怒的原因,这倒不是把任何印度的事往种姓上套,而是因为凶手们的一个辩护律师的辩护策略,他说,他的当事人将否认所有指控,原因是受害者应该对袭击负责,因为作为两个未婚男女,他们不应该出现在夜晚的街道上,“Until today I have not seen a single incident or example of rape with a respected lady,Even an underworld don would not like to touch a girl with respect.(到目前为止,我还没有看到一个单一的事件或强奸的例子是针对一个受人尊敬的女士。即使是黑社会也不喜欢碰一个令人尊敬的女孩。)”,看,作为一个律师,应该受过高级的教育和熟悉法律,属于印度的精英阶层,但他居然认为可以这样辩护,即他的当事人做了被指控的一切,但是并没有过错,因为他针对的对象不是“一个受人尊敬的女士”,当然要用晚上上街来证明受害者不是“一个受人尊敬的女士”困难了点,所以他失败了,但是在他看来一个女性怎么证明自己“受人尊敬”?肤色?衣着?举止?众所周知印度的强奸很少有报案的、报了案也很少有立案的,立案的也很少有起诉的,但就这样强奸案也是层出不穷,可是这个人作为一个律师,居然说他没有见过一个例子是“受人尊敬的女士”被强奸的,可见他这个“受人尊敬的女士”范围肯定是很小的,而在这个范围之外的呢?至少这个印度的精英阶级的一员,吃法律饭的律师认为,强奸、虐待、杀害都是可以的,不值得大惊小怪的,而且他敢把这个观点当着记者大声说出来。

所以,印度人的思维方式和中国人是不一样的,前边有同学喜欢用中国的历史时期做比较,缺文化大革命啊缺毛主席啊缺陈胜吴广啊,实际上这是无从比较的,完全没有比较的意义,印度和中国,从来就是完全不同的社会,印度的特殊性在整个世界上都是独特的,中国在有些朝代也有过贱民,中国也有悠久的农业社会传统,所以有很多人认为中国和印度非常相似,实际不是,将人口的20%以上当成贱民,剥夺这些人的一切权利,阶级在他们之上的可以对他们做任何事,这样一个社会运行了3000年,恩格斯认为上升通道的通畅与否是社会稳定与否的关键,那么为什么印度教社会这个生下来就决定了社会位置的社会能运行这么久呢?就是因为贱民的存在,贱民在社会中无处不在,再偏远的村庄也有贱民的身影,我前边说过,贱民就是印度社会的减压阀,最贫困最低下的农民,他可以被他上边的一切人侮辱和损害,但是他也可以打骂贱民泄愤,同样,就算他穷的讨不了老婆,他也可以在贱民女人身上发泄,印度教就是这样划分了一层一层的阶级,每一层都要侍奉上层,同时又可以欺压下层,而对最底层的,把他们彻底隔离开来,禁止和他们的交流,因为繁琐细致的阶级划分,最底层的总数很多,但在任何地方都是少数(印度的现代城市化造成的贫民窟稍微改变了这一点),他们要反抗就要反抗在他们之上的所有人,而对他们许诺来世的回报,在他们之间又划分出更多的阶层区分等等,都是为了更方便的统治,所以,印度教社会不是老马按欧洲标准划分的封建社会,也不是中国古代的大一统中央集权社会,而是非常精巧的独特的奴隶社会,贱民就是所有人的公共奴隶,但是他们存在的主要功能都不是生产工具,而是泄压阀。

那么,几千年来生活在这样的社会里的印度人,会形成什么样的特点呢?他们社会的基础就是不平等,每个人生下来就被固定了位置,没有鱼跃龙门的可能,而欺压与被欺压在他们的生命过程中伴随始终,最后他们还有一个社会鼓励去欺辱的对象,一代代都是这样的生活,所以中国人切忌用中国的道德观代入到印度人身上,要知道我国的道德观,凡是流传到现在的,最陈腐的也是经过儒家几千年渗透的,比如说仁(仁者爱人)、恕(己所不欲勿施于人)、有教无类(不管什么人都可以受到教育)、天下大同(人不独亲其亲,不独子其子,使老有所终,壮有所用,幼有所长,鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养)、想一想,印度文化里会有这些东西么?那么没有这些文化的印度人会形成什么特质呢?最简单的一点,他们没有对生命的尊重,想一想,印度传统恶俗是什么?让英国人受不了的烧寡妇,嫌嫁妆不够的烧新娘,除了那些农业社会共有的私刑械斗人口压力造成的杀婴之类外,这都是为了经济利益的印度的独有风俗,再次提醒中国人不要用自己的道德观来套印度人,因为中国文化把人命看得很重,“人命关天”都是一句俗语了,而印度人对于弱者是毫不留情的(女性在同阶级中也是弱者),只要有利可图夺取他们的生命也不算什么。

再用这个案子和公车轮奸案举例说明一下印度人的精神特征,那个被贱民妇女私刑的Akku Yadav,曾经恐怖统治那个贫民窟15年,他的暴行到了什么地步呢?根据一本叫《Half the Sky》(印度人用这个名字有点讽刺啊)书里关于这一案件的记载,他曾经在一个女人的婚礼上强奸她,曾经把一个男人脱光用烟头烫着他命令他在自己的16岁女儿面前跳舞,曾经把一个怀孕七个月的女人从她家拖到街上轮奸,曾经当着一个女人女儿和邻居的面切下她的乳房然后在街上把她切成片,这些都是大摇大摆做的,可是他始终不过统治着一个300户居民的贫民窟,这么个小地方能有多少产出支撑他的权力呢?在世界其他地方肯定是不够的,但是在印度就可以,因为He was a higher-caste man(他是个高种姓男人),警察自动的维护他,“So if you were lighter-skinned, then they thought you were higher class and they might help.But they would swoop down on anyone darker-skinned or unshaven.Often, people went to the police to complain, and then the police arrested them,”(如果你有闪亮皮肤,当他们认为你是高种姓的他们可能会帮助你,但是他们猛扑向深色皮肤或胡子拉碴的人,通常情况下,人们向警察控告,然后警察会逮捕他们),印度的传统支持着他这样的统治,警察认为他做出这些暴行都是在允许范围内的(对贱民好像没有范围外),而公车轮奸案呢,凶手们并不是处心积虑的要犯罪,他们只是一群人喝酒喝闷了,开车出去逛逛,然后就搭上了两个受害人,6个凶手中间甚至有刚认识的,但他们几乎立刻集体实行了犯罪,反复凌虐女性被害人,用铁棒捅穿了她的阴道,用手伸进去把肠子拽出来,导致只有5%的肠子还留在体内,并最后试图压死她,这些萍水相逢的乌合之众为什么能毫不犹豫的做出这种可怕的事呢?这些人都出身低贱,几乎没受过教育,但是文盲也是生长在社会中的(而且更容易受传统文化影响),然后他们这样毫无对他人的怜悯和关爱说明了什么呢?倒是他们内部认为是同一个阶层的倒是立刻可以合伙犯下这样的罪行。

最后回到主题,楼主认为印度人嫖雏妓没廉耻,不明白他们为什么毫无心理压力,这就是用中国人道德观(还是现代化过的)来理解印度人的典型例子,说冷酷点,印度社会就是这样规定的,那些雏妓生下来就是注定被人嫖的,印度人至少是传统的印度人不在乎人的价值人的潜能之类的,每个人都有他的位置,如果位置不好他可以祈求来生,印度人几千年都是这么过的,如果说儒家文化渗入到了中国人的骨髓里,那么更久的印度教文化渗入到了印度人的哪?所以说印度没有平等啊人权啊之类的,那是西方带来的观念,印度是个用西方政治结构硬拼凑起来的国家,但是还保留着相当多的印度教残余(多的都不能叫残余了),所以印度频发的强奸丑闻不是因为印度人天性粗暴、好色,而是因为他们的文化就是这样,他们对弱者就是攻击性的,他们的男女交往就是侵略性的(……好像这样说也不对,领会意思吧……),所以印度西化越厉害的地方越安全,人也是,而作为外国人,公权力机关也算可以接受,绝对不要用中国的经验去考验印度乡下人的“淳朴善良”,印度社会就像一个养蛊场,你深入去拨弄肯定会遇见毒虫的,“绝大多数人都是善良的”,也许在中国这种被儒家调教了几千年的地方是正确的,可是在一个赤裸裸的弱肉强食、每个阶层都媚上欺下没有就欺同类同样几千年的地方,我真觉得每个人都不是省油的灯。

如果被这样的社会征服,那真是最惨的事,幸好印度的武力自古以来都很弱,不过这也可能同样是因为它的社会结构所致?所以我从来不担心印度又买了什么武器啊又试射了什么导弹啊,要说体制问题,印度才是有真正的体制问题,“一亿人的国家”一点都没错,而且印度现在赖以维系的很多是与现代社会需要的基本观念格格不入甚至背道而驰的,印度想要真正的富强就必须追求现代化,可是要追求现代化它的社会就会崩溃,崩溃的社会会带来混乱和分裂,混乱和分裂的国家当然不可能富强,这就是一个悖论,而印度就像现在这样吊着维持一个表面光鲜也不行,因为它的社会一样是在进步的,现代化的影响越来越普及,10亿牲口有以前没有的机会,有才能和毅力的人会脱颖而出,就如本案的Narayane和以前的土匪女王普兰·戴维,她们都是有勇气和意志的女人,但是在传统印度社会她们的出身性别就绝对没有生存空间,但是在现代,她们可以发挥她们的能力,或用来摧毁旧世界,或用来建立新世界,这些人和毛派一样,都是外面的世界输入印度的“毒素”,印度传统社会没有对付这种毒素的解药,或者说解药同样会杀死印度传统社会,现在的印度,就像一个挂在悬崖边上的人,如果他往上爬的动作会引起岩石崩塌,如果吊着不动体力又在枯竭,总之他最后是要掉下去的。

其实关于印度,以上都是泛泛之谈,只是今天看见坛友们在这个话题上表现出这样的热情和义愤,让我想分享下一直以来我对印度的观点,我没能力把这个国家剖析的更深刻,它是个笑话么?从它的表现看它就是个笑话制造机,但是它是十几亿人类组成的国度,这就注定了它不可能只是个笑话,印度其实也是一个伪装成国家的文明,论坛上的大多数人没有看到自己国家文明挣扎进现代社会的进程,但是我们现在正在目睹另一个文明挣扎进现代社会的进程,我们正在观看自然的历史规律碾压过去,这碾压除了血肉飞溅,还会有壮美的色彩,所以虽然我在上边好像在往死里黑印度,但是我认为在有条件的时候去印度旅游还是很有益处的,当然你要有目的的去看,还有最好在城市里……把我们全抓起来吧--正义的印度妇女们的呼声

羽然  / 发布于  2012年 12月31日(星期一) 13时16分

来源:http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/sep/16/india.gender

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'Arrest us all'

把我们全抓起来

When hundreds of women descended on Nagpur district court armed with knives, stones and chilli powder, within minutes the man who raped them lay dead. Raekha Prasad reports

当数百名用刀,石头和辣椒粉武装起来的妇女蜂拥至那格浦尔地区法院,几分钟之内强奸她们的家伙就一命呜呼了。Raekha Prasad报道。

The Guardian, Friday 16 September 2005
A year ago Usha Narayane was about to embark on a new life. A call-centre worker with a diploma in hotel management, she was 25 and about to travel north from her home in the centre of India to begin a managerial job in a hotel in Punjab. The job would transport her not only geographically but also socially.

一年前,Usha Narayane 即将开始一个新的生涯。Usha Narayane25岁,有酒店管理的文凭,过去在一个呼叫中心的工作。她正要从她印度中部的家向北到Punjab的一家旅馆从事管理工作。这份工作给她带来的不仅是地理的变化更是社会阶级的提升。

Like her neighbours, Narayane is a dalit, an "untouchable", at the bottom of the caste ladder. Schooling and literacy are rare among the women of Kasturba Nagar, the slum neighbourhood in the city of Nagpur where she grew up. She was unmarried, preferring to work and study. Yet nobody resented her success. Instead, they had high hopes for the girl. But Narayane went nowhere. Today, she is in her family's one-room, windowless home, awaiting trial for murder.

像她的邻居们一样,Narayane 是个达利特(贱民),一个不可接触者,处于种姓阶级的底层。在她长大的那格浦尔贫民窟Kasturba Nagar,贱民中读过书识字的很少。因为工作和学习,她未婚。然而没有人怨恨她的成功。相反,她们对于这个女孩子有很高的期待。但是Narayane 哪里也没去。今天,她在她家里的一间没有窗户的房间里等待因谋杀罪而受审。

At 3pm on August 13 2004, Akku Yadav was lynched by a mob of around 200 women from Kasturba Nagar. It took them 15 minutes to hack to death the man they say raped them with impunity for more than a decade. Chilli powder was thrown in his face and stones hurled. As he flailed and fought, one of his alleged victims hacked off his penis with a vegetable knife. A further 70 stab wounds were left on his body. The incident was made all the more extraordinary by its setting. Yadav was murdered not in the dark alleys of the slum, but on the shiny white marble floor of Nagpur district court.

在2004年8月13日下年3点,Akku Yadav被200名来自Kasturba Nagar的妇女用私刑处死。这个她们花了15分钟砍死的家伙据说强奸她们却逍遥法外超过10年。辣椒粉被撒在他脸上同时石头扔在他身上。当他挣扎反抗时,一个指控他的受害者用菜刀砍掉他的阴茎。他身上留下超过70处的刀伤。这事情比预想的更意外。Yadav不是在贫民窟的黑暗小巷里被杀的,而是在那格浦尔地区法院光亮照人的白色大理石地板上。

Laughed at and abused by the police when they reported being raped by Yadav, the women took the law into their own hands. A local thug, Yadav and his gang had terrorised the 300 families of Kasturba Nagar for more than a decade, barging into homes demanding money, shouting threats and abuse.

当她们报警被Yadav强奸时,得到的是警察的嘲笑和虐待。现在妇女们用双手维护了法律。Yadav和他的团伙是一伙地头蛇。他们在过去超过10年里,恐吓300户Kasturba Nagar的家庭,闯入他们的家里勒索钱财。

Residents say he murdered at least three neighbours and dumped their bodies on railway tracks. They had reported his crimes to the police dozens of times. Each time he was arrested, he was granted bail.

居民们说他杀了至少3个邻居并把他们的尸体放在铁道上。他们数十次向警方报案。每次他被捕后,他都能获准保释。

But it was rape that Yadav used to break and humiliate the community. A rape victim lives in every other house in the slum, say the residents of Kasturba Nagar. He violated women to control men, ordering his henchmen to drag even girls as young as 12 to a nearby derelict building to be gang-raped.

但是 Yadav 用强奸来打破和羞辱这个社区。Kasturba Nagar的居民说,在贫民窟里家家户户都有人被强奸。他用侵犯妇女来控制人,命令他的党羽把女孩拖到附近的一个废弃的建筑物里轮奸,基至有的受害女孩年仅12岁。

In India, even to admit to being raped is taboo, yet dozens of Yadav's victims reported the crime. But the 32-year-old was never charged with rape. Instead, the women say, the police would tell him who had made the reports and he would come after them. According to residents, the police were hand-in-glove with Yadav: he fed the local officers bribes and drink, and they protected him.

在印度,承认自己被强奸甚至被认为是禁忌,然而几十个受Yadav侵害的人报了案。但是这个32岁的家伙从来没有被控强奸。与之相反,妇女们说,警察会告诉他谁受理他的案件,然后警察会跟进此案。据居民们讲,警察和 Yadav是一伙的。Yadav给警察官员们行贿,警察是Yadav的保护伞。

When one 22-year-old reported being raped by Yadav, the police accused her of having an affair with him and sent her away. Several others were sent away after being told: "You're a loose woman. That's why he raped you."

当一个22岁受害者报案被Yadav强奸时,警察却指控她和Yadav是暧昧关系就打发她走了。其他人被打发走时被告知:“你是个破鞋,所以Yadav强奸你”。

Nagpur is counted among India's fastest-growing cities. Yet the experience of the women of Kasturba Nagar is a parallel tale of how everyday life in India's back streets is stuck in the past. Splashed across the country's news- papers, the gory image of Yadav's blood on the courtroom floor was a lesson in the consequences of a state unable to protect the weak and the vulnerable.

那格浦尔被认为是印度成长最快的城市之一。然而Kasturba Nagar的妇女们觉得活在旧社会。全国各地新闻报纸认为,Yadav血溅法院是教训,是一个国家无法保护弱者的结果。

After Yadav's murder, powerful voices were raised supporting the lynch mob. Prominent lawyers issued a statement saying the women should not be treated as the accused, but as the victims. One retired high court judge even congratulated the women. "In the circumstances they underwent, they were left with no alternative but to finish Akku. The women repeatedly pleaded with the police for their security. But the police failed to protect them," said Justice Bhau Vahane.

在 Yadav被杀后,各方强烈支持逼上梁山的受害者。著名律师表示:杀人的妇女们才是真正的受害者,不应该被当成罪犯。一个高等法院的退休法官甚至祝贺妇女们。Bhau Vahane法官说:“在那种环境下,她们除了解决掉他别无选择。妇女们不断请求来自警方的保护。但是警方没有保护她们。”

Two weeks before the lynching, Yadav came to Narayane's house on several successive days, threatening to throw acid on her and rape her. He targeted her, she says, because she was outspoken and her brother-in-law, a lawyer, had verbally stood up to Yadav. "He raped only poor people whom he thought wouldn't go and tell, or if they did, wouldn't be listened to. But he made a big mistake in threatening me. People felt that if I were attacked, no woman would ever be safe."

在事情发生前的两个星期, Yadav连续几天来到Narayane的家,威胁把她用硫酸毁容并强奸她。她说:Yadav把她当成目标是因为她的直言不讳同时她姐夫是个律师,在言语上和Yadav起了冲突。他只强奸他认为不会去报案的,或者就算报案,也没人理的穷人。但他威胁我是犯了一个大错。人们认为如果我都被攻击,没有女人会有安全。

Although Narayane has been charged with Yadav's murder, she claims she was not at the court when it took place but in the slum collecting signatures for a mass complaint against him. Among the charges levelled against her are some of India's most serious offences, including "anti- nationalist" crimes amounting to treason. "The cops say I planned the murder; that I started it. They have to make someone a scapegoat," she says. She believes she has been singled out because she has been the police's most vociferous critic. Her education gave her the confidence that inspired the community to act, she says.

尽管Narayane被控谋杀Yadav,她声称在事情发现时她在贫民窟里收集签名来举报Yadav并不在法院。在指控她的罪名里,有几项严重的罪行,包含反国民罪相当于叛国罪。她说:警察说我策划的谋杀,他们必须找到替罪羊。她认为她被挑选出来是因为她一直以来对警察在批评。她说她的教育给了激励社区行动的勇气。

In the week before the lynching, people started to talk about taking action against Yadav. He disappeared, sensing boiling anger. Narayane and her brother-in-law bypassed the local officers and went straight to the deputy commissioner. He gave the family a safe house for a night and promised to search for him.

在事情发生前的一周,人们开始讨论如何对付  Yadav。他感觉到人们沸腾的愤怒而躲了起来。 Narayane 和姐夫绕过当地官员和直奔副处长。副处长给了这个家庭住一晚的安全住处并答应找到 Yadav。

On August 6, hundreds of residents smashed his empty house to rubble. By evening they heard Yadav had "surrendered" and was in custody. "The police had said he would be in danger if he came back. They suggested he surrender into their care for his own safety."

在8月6日,数百名居民把他的空房夷为平地。到了晚上,她们听说 Yadav已经自首并被关起来了。警察告诉他回来会有威胁。警察建议为了 他自己的安全而自首,这样会受警方保护。

The next day he was due to appear at the city's district court and 500 slum residents gathered. As Yadav arrived, one of his henchmen tried to pass him knives wrapped in a blanket under the noses of the police. After the women protested, the accomplice was arrested and Yadav taken back into custody, but not before he threatened to return and teach every woman in the slum a lesson.

第二天他应该出现在地区法院,500个贫民窟居民聚集法院前。当Yadav 到法院时,他的一个党羽在警察鼻子底下试图递给Yadav 包着毯子的刀。在妇女们抗议后,党羽也被逮捕,Yadav被带回关押。但在事情发生前,Yadav扬言出来后要教训贫民窟的每个妇女。

Hearing that Yadav was likely to get bail yet again, when he returned to court, the women decided to act. "It was not calculated," Narayane says. "It was not a case that we all sat down and calmly planned what would happen. It was an emotional outburst. The women decided that, if necessary, they'd go to prison, but that this man would never come back and terrorise them."

听到了Yadav有可能再次保释,妇女们决定在他回到法院时下手。Narayane说:这并没有算计过,这并不是一件我们全体坐下来冷静地计划会发生什么的事。这是感情的爆发。妇女们决定,如果必要,她们会坐牢。但是她们会让这个家伙永远不会回来恐吓她们。

On the day of Yadav's hearing, 200 women came to the court armed with vegetable knives and chilli powder. As he walked in, Yadav spotted one of the women he had raped. He called her a prostitute and threatened to repeat the crime against her. The police laughed. She took off her sandal and began to hit him, shouting, "We can't both live on this Earth together. It's you or me."

在Yadav听证会当天,200位用菜刀和辣椒粉武装起来的妇女来到法院。当Yadav进去法院,Yadav看到一个他强奸的的妇女。Yadav骂她妓女并威胁再次强奸她。警察笑了。她脱下凉鞋,并开始叫喊着用鞋打他。我们不能一同活在这个世上。不是你死就是我亡。

It was a rallying cry to an incensed mob. Soon, he was being attacked on all sides. Knives were drawn and the two terrified officers guarding him ran away. Within 15 minutes, Yadav was dead on the courthouse floor. But his death has not brought the women peace. Five were immediately arrested, then released following a demonstration across the city. Now every woman living in the slum has claimed responsibility for the murder. They say no one person can take the blame: they have told the police to arrest them all.

她振臂一呼,应者云集。不一会,Yadav被各个方向攻击。刀拔出来了,两个保护他的警卫吓傻了,跑了。在15分钟内,Yadav 就死在法院地板上。但是他的死并没有给妇女带来平静。5个妇女马上被逮捕,在全城的示威后又释放。现在每个住在贫民窟的妇女都声称对谋杀负责。她们说没有一个人能承担责任,她们告诉警察把她们全部逮捕。

But it is Narayane who is in limbo as she waits for her case to be heard. "After the murder, society's eyes opened: the police's failings came to light. That has irritated them. The police see me as a catalyst for the exposure and want to nip it in the bud."

但是身陷囹圄的Narayane 在等待传说中的审判。在事情发生后,老天开眼了:警察的失职曝光了。这激怒了警察。警察视我为失职事件曝光的催化剂并要一切扼杀在萌芽状态。

They face a fight. Narayane is loudly unrepentant. "I'm not scared. I'm not ashamed," she says. "We've done a good thing for society. We will see whether society repays us".

他们面临一场斗争。Narayane一点都不后悔。她说:“我不害怕。我没有什么好羞愧的” “我们对社会做了好事。我们将看社会是如何回报我们的”。

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网友zzevil评论

http://www.cctvdream.com.cn/bbs/ ... 11&fromuid=9780

这些造反的必须干掉——呵呵,当地警察肯定是想这么干啦,其实这件案子现在还没判呢,去年才进入审理环节,这可能都不是故意拖延,而算是印度法律系统的正常速度,Narayane在这近10年来一直作为谋杀嫌犯被警察监视居住,这还是这案子影响大,当时警察没敢关押她,要不然她就要在监狱里过这10年了(其实她现在过的还不错,这案子给她在当地妇女中很高声望,现在她在一家基金会帮助下为当地贫民窟的女性提供职业培训),不过她学的酒店管理估计这辈子用不上了,其实用上了又怎么样,印度那地方游客都不安全,一个贱民出身的酒店经理真能改变自己的命运么?这是整个社会体制在压制她。

与这案子相比,去年的公车轮奸案处理可算是闪电速度了,原因可能有,1被害人并没有任何过错,和男友晚上看电影在市中心搭公车就在印度也是在道德范围内被允许的,2凶手手段极其残酷,用铁棒捅进她体内用手把肠子拽出来等,这在印度也算是重口味了,3受害者和她的男友出身清白,职业高尚(他俩的种姓我没找出来,不过受害者父亲说过另一个受害者只是男性朋友不是男友,因为他们种姓不同不能结婚,证明他们的种姓差别较大,就算一个较低也肯定有一个远比贫民窟的凶手们高),而凶手们是一群出自贫民窟的黑车司机、小贩、无业者等,我认为,这三点都很重要,但最后一点才是激起这么大愤怒的原因,这倒不是把任何印度的事往种姓上套,而是因为凶手们的一个辩护律师的辩护策略,他说,他的当事人将否认所有指控,原因是受害者应该对袭击负责,因为作为两个未婚男女,他们不应该出现在夜晚的街道上,“Until today I have not seen a single incident or example of rape with a respected lady,Even an underworld don would not like to touch a girl with respect.(到目前为止,我还没有看到一个单一的事件或强奸的例子是针对一个受人尊敬的女士。即使是黑社会也不喜欢碰一个令人尊敬的女孩。)”,看,作为一个律师,应该受过高级的教育和熟悉法律,属于印度的精英阶层,但他居然认为可以这样辩护,即他的当事人做了被指控的一切,但是并没有过错,因为他针对的对象不是“一个受人尊敬的女士”,当然要用晚上上街来证明受害者不是“一个受人尊敬的女士”困难了点,所以他失败了,但是在他看来一个女性怎么证明自己“受人尊敬”?肤色?衣着?举止?众所周知印度的强奸很少有报案的、报了案也很少有立案的,立案的也很少有起诉的,但就这样强奸案也是层出不穷,可是这个人作为一个律师,居然说他没有见过一个例子是“受人尊敬的女士”被强奸的,可见他这个“受人尊敬的女士”范围肯定是很小的,而在这个范围之外的呢?至少这个印度的精英阶级的一员,吃法律饭的律师认为,强奸、虐待、杀害都是可以的,不值得大惊小怪的,而且他敢把这个观点当着记者大声说出来。

所以,印度人的思维方式和中国人是不一样的,前边有同学喜欢用中国的历史时期做比较,缺文化大革命啊缺毛主席啊缺陈胜吴广啊,实际上这是无从比较的,完全没有比较的意义,印度和中国,从来就是完全不同的社会,印度的特殊性在整个世界上都是独特的,中国在有些朝代也有过贱民,中国也有悠久的农业社会传统,所以有很多人认为中国和印度非常相似,实际不是,将人口的20%以上当成贱民,剥夺这些人的一切权利,阶级在他们之上的可以对他们做任何事,这样一个社会运行了3000年,恩格斯认为上升通道的通畅与否是社会稳定与否的关键,那么为什么印度教社会这个生下来就决定了社会位置的社会能运行这么久呢?就是因为贱民的存在,贱民在社会中无处不在,再偏远的村庄也有贱民的身影,我前边说过,贱民就是印度社会的减压阀,最贫困最低下的农民,他可以被他上边的一切人侮辱和损害,但是他也可以打骂贱民泄愤,同样,就算他穷的讨不了老婆,他也可以在贱民女人身上发泄,印度教就是这样划分了一层一层的阶级,每一层都要侍奉上层,同时又可以欺压下层,而对最底层的,把他们彻底隔离开来,禁止和他们的交流,因为繁琐细致的阶级划分,最底层的总数很多,但在任何地方都是少数(印度的现代城市化造成的贫民窟稍微改变了这一点),他们要反抗就要反抗在他们之上的所有人,而对他们许诺来世的回报,在他们之间又划分出更多的阶层区分等等,都是为了更方便的统治,所以,印度教社会不是老马按欧洲标准划分的封建社会,也不是中国古代的大一统中央集权社会,而是非常精巧的独特的奴隶社会,贱民就是所有人的公共奴隶,但是他们存在的主要功能都不是生产工具,而是泄压阀。

那么,几千年来生活在这样的社会里的印度人,会形成什么样的特点呢?他们社会的基础就是不平等,每个人生下来就被固定了位置,没有鱼跃龙门的可能,而欺压与被欺压在他们的生命过程中伴随始终,最后他们还有一个社会鼓励去欺辱的对象,一代代都是这样的生活,所以中国人切忌用中国的道德观代入到印度人身上,要知道我国的道德观,凡是流传到现在的,最陈腐的也是经过儒家几千年渗透的,比如说仁(仁者爱人)、恕(己所不欲勿施于人)、有教无类(不管什么人都可以受到教育)、天下大同(人不独亲其亲,不独子其子,使老有所终,壮有所用,幼有所长,鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养)、想一想,印度文化里会有这些东西么?那么没有这些文化的印度人会形成什么特质呢?最简单的一点,他们没有对生命的尊重,想一想,印度传统恶俗是什么?让英国人受不了的烧寡妇,嫌嫁妆不够的烧新娘,除了那些农业社会共有的私刑械斗人口压力造成的杀婴之类外,这都是为了经济利益的印度的独有风俗,再次提醒中国人不要用自己的道德观来套印度人,因为中国文化把人命看得很重,“人命关天”都是一句俗语了,而印度人对于弱者是毫不留情的(女性在同阶级中也是弱者),只要有利可图夺取他们的生命也不算什么。

再用这个案子和公车轮奸案举例说明一下印度人的精神特征,那个被贱民妇女私刑的Akku Yadav,曾经恐怖统治那个贫民窟15年,他的暴行到了什么地步呢?根据一本叫《Half the Sky》(印度人用这个名字有点讽刺啊)书里关于这一案件的记载,他曾经在一个女人的婚礼上强奸她,曾经把一个男人脱光用烟头烫着他命令他在自己的16岁女儿面前跳舞,曾经把一个怀孕七个月的女人从她家拖到街上轮奸,曾经当着一个女人女儿和邻居的面切下她的乳房然后在街上把她切成片,这些都是大摇大摆做的,可是他始终不过统治着一个300户居民的贫民窟,这么个小地方能有多少产出支撑他的权力呢?在世界其他地方肯定是不够的,但是在印度就可以,因为He was a higher-caste man(他是个高种姓男人),警察自动的维护他,“So if you were lighter-skinned, then they thought you were higher class and they might help.But they would swoop down on anyone darker-skinned or unshaven.Often, people went to the police to complain, and then the police arrested them,”(如果你有闪亮皮肤,当他们认为你是高种姓的他们可能会帮助你,但是他们猛扑向深色皮肤或胡子拉碴的人,通常情况下,人们向警察控告,然后警察会逮捕他们),印度的传统支持着他这样的统治,警察认为他做出这些暴行都是在允许范围内的(对贱民好像没有范围外),而公车轮奸案呢,凶手们并不是处心积虑的要犯罪,他们只是一群人喝酒喝闷了,开车出去逛逛,然后就搭上了两个受害人,6个凶手中间甚至有刚认识的,但他们几乎立刻集体实行了犯罪,反复凌虐女性被害人,用铁棒捅穿了她的阴道,用手伸进去把肠子拽出来,导致只有5%的肠子还留在体内,并最后试图压死她,这些萍水相逢的乌合之众为什么能毫不犹豫的做出这种可怕的事呢?这些人都出身低贱,几乎没受过教育,但是文盲也是生长在社会中的(而且更容易受传统文化影响),然后他们这样毫无对他人的怜悯和关爱说明了什么呢?倒是他们内部认为是同一个阶层的倒是立刻可以合伙犯下这样的罪行。

最后回到主题,楼主认为印度人嫖雏妓没廉耻,不明白他们为什么毫无心理压力,这就是用中国人道德观(还是现代化过的)来理解印度人的典型例子,说冷酷点,印度社会就是这样规定的,那些雏妓生下来就是注定被人嫖的,印度人至少是传统的印度人不在乎人的价值人的潜能之类的,每个人都有他的位置,如果位置不好他可以祈求来生,印度人几千年都是这么过的,如果说儒家文化渗入到了中国人的骨髓里,那么更久的印度教文化渗入到了印度人的哪?所以说印度没有平等啊人权啊之类的,那是西方带来的观念,印度是个用西方政治结构硬拼凑起来的国家,但是还保留着相当多的印度教残余(多的都不能叫残余了),所以印度频发的强奸丑闻不是因为印度人天性粗暴、好色,而是因为他们的文化就是这样,他们对弱者就是攻击性的,他们的男女交往就是侵略性的(……好像这样说也不对,领会意思吧……),所以印度西化越厉害的地方越安全,人也是,而作为外国人,公权力机关也算可以接受,绝对不要用中国的经验去考验印度乡下人的“淳朴善良”,印度社会就像一个养蛊场,你深入去拨弄肯定会遇见毒虫的,“绝大多数人都是善良的”,也许在中国这种被儒家调教了几千年的地方是正确的,可是在一个赤裸裸的弱肉强食、每个阶层都媚上欺下没有就欺同类同样几千年的地方,我真觉得每个人都不是省油的灯。

如果被这样的社会征服,那真是最惨的事,幸好印度的武力自古以来都很弱,不过这也可能同样是因为它的社会结构所致?所以我从来不担心印度又买了什么武器啊又试射了什么导弹啊,要说体制问题,印度才是有真正的体制问题,“一亿人的国家”一点都没错,而且印度现在赖以维系的很多是与现代社会需要的基本观念格格不入甚至背道而驰的,印度想要真正的富强就必须追求现代化,可是要追求现代化它的社会就会崩溃,崩溃的社会会带来混乱和分裂,混乱和分裂的国家当然不可能富强,这就是一个悖论,而印度就像现在这样吊着维持一个表面光鲜也不行,因为它的社会一样是在进步的,现代化的影响越来越普及,10亿牲口有以前没有的机会,有才能和毅力的人会脱颖而出,就如本案的Narayane和以前的土匪女王普兰·戴维,她们都是有勇气和意志的女人,但是在传统印度社会她们的出身性别就绝对没有生存空间,但是在现代,她们可以发挥她们的能力,或用来摧毁旧世界,或用来建立新世界,这些人和毛派一样,都是外面的世界输入印度的“毒素”,印度传统社会没有对付这种毒素的解药,或者说解药同样会杀死印度传统社会,现在的印度,就像一个挂在悬崖边上的人,如果他往上爬的动作会引起岩石崩塌,如果吊着不动体力又在枯竭,总之他最后是要掉下去的。

其实关于印度,以上都是泛泛之谈,只是今天看见坛友们在这个话题上表现出这样的热情和义愤,让我想分享下一直以来我对印度的观点,我没能力把这个国家剖析的更深刻,它是个笑话么?从它的表现看它就是个笑话制造机,但是它是十几亿人类组成的国度,这就注定了它不可能只是个笑话,印度其实也是一个伪装成国家的文明,论坛上的大多数人没有看到自己国家文明挣扎进现代社会的进程,但是我们现在正在目睹另一个文明挣扎进现代社会的进程,我们正在观看自然的历史规律碾压过去,这碾压除了血肉飞溅,还会有壮美的色彩,所以虽然我在上边好像在往死里黑印度,但是我认为在有条件的时候去印度旅游还是很有益处的,当然你要有目的的去看,还有最好在城市里……
印度有可能会毛派夺权。。
印度社会基本上就是中国满清洋务运动时期的形态,混囵吞枣的学了点西方皮毛,买了点所谓的坚船利炮就觉得是个大国,实际上下层国民愚昧无知,上层官僚腐败不堪,内部四分五裂毫无凝聚力,制度只为投机者提供肥沃土壤,印度所谓的崛起就是满清王朝的同治中兴,总有一天会被一个类似甲午战争时期日本的角色彻底颠覆
“类似甲午战争时期日本的角色”,你指TG吗?周边小巴孟加拉都不怎么行,只有TG喽
“现在的印度,就像一个挂在悬崖边上的人,如果他往上爬的动作会引起岩石崩塌,如果吊着不动体力又在枯竭,总之他最后是要掉下去的。”好形象的比喻。
印度不是以世界上最大的民主国家而自傲? 三权分立后,法律就公正了,这事怎么可能?
只能说某些三哥天真到了一定程度
一等毅勇侯 发表于 2013-10-13 00:37
印度社会基本上就是中国满清洋务运动时期的形态,混囵吞枣的学了点西方皮毛,买了点所谓的坚船利炮就觉得是 ...
你这样比较还是抬高了阿三的能力水平,中国洋务运动虽然不堪,但是当时的中国整个社会已经整合了2000年,中央集权组织动员高度发达,和工业文明可以很好的对接,一旦动员就很容易工业化,中日韩50年代后的表现就证明了这一点。而阿三2000年来从没整合过,2000年来都是一盘散沙愚昧无知,也就是阿三没有历史!这样的垃圾国家,世界主要是西方都公认阿三文明是频死的文明,没有任何竞争力的,这也是西方将中国视为主要对手,对阿三毫不在意拉拢放心的根本原因。