超级军网最近写的一篇小报告。。。畅谈版关于核聚变的问题我觉得 ...
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/28 19:41:01
There is a prediction that the oil supply of the world will drop from 30 GB/a to 15Gb/a by the end of 2050.(MacKay, 2009) Thus, there seems an enormous shortage of energy that we should fulfill all this shortage by other kinds of energy resources. Also, there is a warning line that human beings must avoid the temperature to be raised up to 2 Celsius which will cause the melt of Greenland ice cap and it will result the sea level rise by 7 meters that will destroy most of today’s major coastland. Baer (2006) set up a model that we properly should decrease the consumption of carbon to the level of pre-industrial level and human beings can get a probability of 9-26% to avoid 2 Celsius rise of the average temperature which determined any kinds of traditional fossil fuels or so-called alternative biofuel cannot be a solution of the major future energy supply.
“The answer to the question “Why fusion?” is that fusion has the potential to be economically affordable , environmentally sustainable, and politically acceptable”(Schultz, 2006).
A basic principle of nuclear fusion is the Mass-energy equation thatE=mc^2. There is a simplified example. Firstly, we get two atoms (_^2)H(deuterium) which is composed of one proton and one neutron and (_^3)H(tritium) which is composed of one proton and two neutron. The mass of two atoms is known that deuterium is m_pro+ m_neu and tritium’s mass ism_pro+ 2m_neu.
The reaction is also known as (_^2)H+ (_^3)H □(→┬ ) (_^4)He . (Shultis & Faw, 2002)However, interesting things happens in this process that the mass of (_^4)He equals to 〖2m〗_pro+ 〖2m〗_neu and the mass should be 〖2m〗_pro+ 3m_neu according to The law of conservation of mass . The answer of why this process lose one neutron’s mass is the one transfer its mass to energy. Then, this equation gives the energy that per tritium and deuterium atom leased is giving by E=mc^2= 938.56533 Mev/c^2 *c^2=938.56533 Mev =1.50374277x〖10〗^(-10) J . If there is 1 kilogram tritium and deuterium the total energy leased by this process will be approximately 9.3x〖10〗^13 J = 2583333kw*h which can supply 7590 people’s consumption for one year if we ignore electricity’s transfer efficiency and the energy that make this reaction begin.
The security of nuclear fusion. Firstly, thermonuclear fusion reaction needs an extremely high react temperature to contribute thermo energy to the motivation of atoms to overcome the Coulomb force between different atoms to realize this equation. Secondly, the temperature is given by the reaction itself which is a self-contained system that the reaction use part of the energy that leased by mass to heat the other atoms to continue this reaction. However, if there is some disaster like earthquake happens, the reactor can be shut down immediately by stop supply raw materials. What’s more, if the reactor was broken or out of control, the loss of temperature can cause the reaction stop automatically. Also, unlike traditional nuclear plant, the production of nuclear reaction is totally different. There are mainly three kinds of thermonuclear fusion reaction equation. The first generation of nuclear fusion use deuterium and tritium as reactants which may lease neutron flux that is well known as Alpha rays that harmful to human beings , however, modern technology can prevent neutron flux from the outside of the reactor and the only problem is the reaction product. Fortunately, the only reaction product of all this three thermonuclear fusion reaction is Helium which is environment friendly and do not have any particular influence on the environment. The second generation only has little neutron flux and the third generation does not have any neutron flux by the development of the reactants.
Raw material. The raw materials of the first generation of nuclear fusion are deuterium or tritium, the second generation use deuterium and deuterium and the third generation just use (_^3)He as reactants. The reserve of deuterium and tritium are enormous on the earth which existed in the sea and can be easily purified to work as the reactants. The reserve of deuterium and tritium can be used to supply all of the energy for a world with 10 billion people for 700years. The raw material of the second generation can be gain from sea and supply human’s needs for millennia (Schultz, 2006). The third generation need gain material from the moon which existed on the moon’s shallow surface and the reserve can supply human for millions of years.
In conclusion, low energy flux suggests green energy cannot widely used to avoid energy crisis. Unstable electric supply would not be the solution to the development of the world. Thus, a stable, technically feasible and environment friendly solution is needed to be the engine of this developing world to achieve a high expectation to the quality of life. The basic theories of nuclear fusion determine nuclear fusion has a nature of low cost, stable and environmental friendly which conform the requirements to be the best energy resources of the future.
There is a prediction that the oil supply of the world will drop from 30 GB/a to 15Gb/a by the end of 2050.(MacKay, 2009) Thus, there seems an enormous shortage of energy that we should fulfill all this shortage by other kinds of energy resources. Also, there is a warning line that human beings must avoid the temperature to be raised up to 2 Celsius which will cause the melt of Greenland ice cap and it will result the sea level rise by 7 meters that will destroy most of today’s major coastland. Baer (2006) set up a model that we properly should decrease the consumption of carbon to the level of pre-industrial level and human beings can get a probability of 9-26% to avoid 2 Celsius rise of the average temperature which determined any kinds of traditional fossil fuels or so-called alternative biofuel cannot be a solution of the major future energy supply.
“The answer to the question “Why fusion?” is that fusion has the potential to be economically affordable , environmentally sustainable, and politically acceptable”(Schultz, 2006).
A basic principle of nuclear fusion is the Mass-energy equation thatE=mc^2. There is a simplified example. Firstly, we get two atoms (_^2)H(deuterium) which is composed of one proton and one neutron and (_^3)H(tritium) which is composed of one proton and two neutron. The mass of two atoms is known that deuterium is m_pro+ m_neu and tritium’s mass ism_pro+ 2m_neu.
The reaction is also known as (_^2)H+ (_^3)H □(→┬ ) (_^4)He . (Shultis & Faw, 2002)However, interesting things happens in this process that the mass of (_^4)He equals to 〖2m〗_pro+ 〖2m〗_neu and the mass should be 〖2m〗_pro+ 3m_neu according to The law of conservation of mass . The answer of why this process lose one neutron’s mass is the one transfer its mass to energy. Then, this equation gives the energy that per tritium and deuterium atom leased is giving by E=mc^2= 938.56533 Mev/c^2 *c^2=938.56533 Mev =1.50374277x〖10〗^(-10) J . If there is 1 kilogram tritium and deuterium the total energy leased by this process will be approximately 9.3x〖10〗^13 J = 2583333kw*h which can supply 7590 people’s consumption for one year if we ignore electricity’s transfer efficiency and the energy that make this reaction begin.
The security of nuclear fusion. Firstly, thermonuclear fusion reaction needs an extremely high react temperature to contribute thermo energy to the motivation of atoms to overcome the Coulomb force between different atoms to realize this equation. Secondly, the temperature is given by the reaction itself which is a self-contained system that the reaction use part of the energy that leased by mass to heat the other atoms to continue this reaction. However, if there is some disaster like earthquake happens, the reactor can be shut down immediately by stop supply raw materials. What’s more, if the reactor was broken or out of control, the loss of temperature can cause the reaction stop automatically. Also, unlike traditional nuclear plant, the production of nuclear reaction is totally different. There are mainly three kinds of thermonuclear fusion reaction equation. The first generation of nuclear fusion use deuterium and tritium as reactants which may lease neutron flux that is well known as Alpha rays that harmful to human beings , however, modern technology can prevent neutron flux from the outside of the reactor and the only problem is the reaction product. Fortunately, the only reaction product of all this three thermonuclear fusion reaction is Helium which is environment friendly and do not have any particular influence on the environment. The second generation only has little neutron flux and the third generation does not have any neutron flux by the development of the reactants.
Raw material. The raw materials of the first generation of nuclear fusion are deuterium or tritium, the second generation use deuterium and deuterium and the third generation just use (_^3)He as reactants. The reserve of deuterium and tritium are enormous on the earth which existed in the sea and can be easily purified to work as the reactants. The reserve of deuterium and tritium can be used to supply all of the energy for a world with 10 billion people for 700years. The raw material of the second generation can be gain from sea and supply human’s needs for millennia (Schultz, 2006). The third generation need gain material from the moon which existed on the moon’s shallow surface and the reserve can supply human for millions of years.
In conclusion, low energy flux suggests green energy cannot widely used to avoid energy crisis. Unstable electric supply would not be the solution to the development of the world. Thus, a stable, technically feasible and environment friendly solution is needed to be the engine of this developing world to achieve a high expectation to the quality of life. The basic theories of nuclear fusion determine nuclear fusion has a nature of low cost, stable and environmental friendly which conform the requirements to be the best energy resources of the future.
“The answer to the question “Why fusion?” is that fusion has the potential to be economically affordable , environmentally sustainable, and politically acceptable”(Schultz, 2006).
A basic principle of nuclear fusion is the Mass-energy equation thatE=mc^2. There is a simplified example. Firstly, we get two atoms (_^2)H(deuterium) which is composed of one proton and one neutron and (_^3)H(tritium) which is composed of one proton and two neutron. The mass of two atoms is known that deuterium is m_pro+ m_neu and tritium’s mass ism_pro+ 2m_neu.
The reaction is also known as (_^2)H+ (_^3)H □(→┬ ) (_^4)He . (Shultis & Faw, 2002)However, interesting things happens in this process that the mass of (_^4)He equals to 〖2m〗_pro+ 〖2m〗_neu and the mass should be 〖2m〗_pro+ 3m_neu according to The law of conservation of mass . The answer of why this process lose one neutron’s mass is the one transfer its mass to energy. Then, this equation gives the energy that per tritium and deuterium atom leased is giving by E=mc^2= 938.56533 Mev/c^2 *c^2=938.56533 Mev =1.50374277x〖10〗^(-10) J . If there is 1 kilogram tritium and deuterium the total energy leased by this process will be approximately 9.3x〖10〗^13 J = 2583333kw*h which can supply 7590 people’s consumption for one year if we ignore electricity’s transfer efficiency and the energy that make this reaction begin.
The security of nuclear fusion. Firstly, thermonuclear fusion reaction needs an extremely high react temperature to contribute thermo energy to the motivation of atoms to overcome the Coulomb force between different atoms to realize this equation. Secondly, the temperature is given by the reaction itself which is a self-contained system that the reaction use part of the energy that leased by mass to heat the other atoms to continue this reaction. However, if there is some disaster like earthquake happens, the reactor can be shut down immediately by stop supply raw materials. What’s more, if the reactor was broken or out of control, the loss of temperature can cause the reaction stop automatically. Also, unlike traditional nuclear plant, the production of nuclear reaction is totally different. There are mainly three kinds of thermonuclear fusion reaction equation. The first generation of nuclear fusion use deuterium and tritium as reactants which may lease neutron flux that is well known as Alpha rays that harmful to human beings , however, modern technology can prevent neutron flux from the outside of the reactor and the only problem is the reaction product. Fortunately, the only reaction product of all this three thermonuclear fusion reaction is Helium which is environment friendly and do not have any particular influence on the environment. The second generation only has little neutron flux and the third generation does not have any neutron flux by the development of the reactants.
Raw material. The raw materials of the first generation of nuclear fusion are deuterium or tritium, the second generation use deuterium and deuterium and the third generation just use (_^3)He as reactants. The reserve of deuterium and tritium are enormous on the earth which existed in the sea and can be easily purified to work as the reactants. The reserve of deuterium and tritium can be used to supply all of the energy for a world with 10 billion people for 700years. The raw material of the second generation can be gain from sea and supply human’s needs for millennia (Schultz, 2006). The third generation need gain material from the moon which existed on the moon’s shallow surface and the reserve can supply human for millions of years.
In conclusion, low energy flux suggests green energy cannot widely used to avoid energy crisis. Unstable electric supply would not be the solution to the development of the world. Thus, a stable, technically feasible and environment friendly solution is needed to be the engine of this developing world to achieve a high expectation to the quality of life. The basic theories of nuclear fusion determine nuclear fusion has a nature of low cost, stable and environmental friendly which conform the requirements to be the best energy resources of the future.
There is a prediction that the oil supply of the world will drop from 30 GB/a to 15Gb/a by the end of 2050.(MacKay, 2009) Thus, there seems an enormous shortage of energy that we should fulfill all this shortage by other kinds of energy resources. Also, there is a warning line that human beings must avoid the temperature to be raised up to 2 Celsius which will cause the melt of Greenland ice cap and it will result the sea level rise by 7 meters that will destroy most of today’s major coastland. Baer (2006) set up a model that we properly should decrease the consumption of carbon to the level of pre-industrial level and human beings can get a probability of 9-26% to avoid 2 Celsius rise of the average temperature which determined any kinds of traditional fossil fuels or so-called alternative biofuel cannot be a solution of the major future energy supply.
“The answer to the question “Why fusion?” is that fusion has the potential to be economically affordable , environmentally sustainable, and politically acceptable”(Schultz, 2006).
A basic principle of nuclear fusion is the Mass-energy equation thatE=mc^2. There is a simplified example. Firstly, we get two atoms (_^2)H(deuterium) which is composed of one proton and one neutron and (_^3)H(tritium) which is composed of one proton and two neutron. The mass of two atoms is known that deuterium is m_pro+ m_neu and tritium’s mass ism_pro+ 2m_neu.
The reaction is also known as (_^2)H+ (_^3)H □(→┬ ) (_^4)He . (Shultis & Faw, 2002)However, interesting things happens in this process that the mass of (_^4)He equals to 〖2m〗_pro+ 〖2m〗_neu and the mass should be 〖2m〗_pro+ 3m_neu according to The law of conservation of mass . The answer of why this process lose one neutron’s mass is the one transfer its mass to energy. Then, this equation gives the energy that per tritium and deuterium atom leased is giving by E=mc^2= 938.56533 Mev/c^2 *c^2=938.56533 Mev =1.50374277x〖10〗^(-10) J . If there is 1 kilogram tritium and deuterium the total energy leased by this process will be approximately 9.3x〖10〗^13 J = 2583333kw*h which can supply 7590 people’s consumption for one year if we ignore electricity’s transfer efficiency and the energy that make this reaction begin.
The security of nuclear fusion. Firstly, thermonuclear fusion reaction needs an extremely high react temperature to contribute thermo energy to the motivation of atoms to overcome the Coulomb force between different atoms to realize this equation. Secondly, the temperature is given by the reaction itself which is a self-contained system that the reaction use part of the energy that leased by mass to heat the other atoms to continue this reaction. However, if there is some disaster like earthquake happens, the reactor can be shut down immediately by stop supply raw materials. What’s more, if the reactor was broken or out of control, the loss of temperature can cause the reaction stop automatically. Also, unlike traditional nuclear plant, the production of nuclear reaction is totally different. There are mainly three kinds of thermonuclear fusion reaction equation. The first generation of nuclear fusion use deuterium and tritium as reactants which may lease neutron flux that is well known as Alpha rays that harmful to human beings , however, modern technology can prevent neutron flux from the outside of the reactor and the only problem is the reaction product. Fortunately, the only reaction product of all this three thermonuclear fusion reaction is Helium which is environment friendly and do not have any particular influence on the environment. The second generation only has little neutron flux and the third generation does not have any neutron flux by the development of the reactants.
Raw material. The raw materials of the first generation of nuclear fusion are deuterium or tritium, the second generation use deuterium and deuterium and the third generation just use (_^3)He as reactants. The reserve of deuterium and tritium are enormous on the earth which existed in the sea and can be easily purified to work as the reactants. The reserve of deuterium and tritium can be used to supply all of the energy for a world with 10 billion people for 700years. The raw material of the second generation can be gain from sea and supply human’s needs for millennia (Schultz, 2006). The third generation need gain material from the moon which existed on the moon’s shallow surface and the reserve can supply human for millions of years.
In conclusion, low energy flux suggests green energy cannot widely used to avoid energy crisis. Unstable electric supply would not be the solution to the development of the world. Thus, a stable, technically feasible and environment friendly solution is needed to be the engine of this developing world to achieve a high expectation to the quality of life. The basic theories of nuclear fusion determine nuclear fusion has a nature of low cost, stable and environmental friendly which conform the requirements to be the best energy resources of the future.
这个可以回答高中生的部分问题。畅谈的问题这里半点也没谈到，就开头说了是未来新能源。