超级军网The Secret City 橡树岭
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/05/01 23:17:07
橡树岭得名于长16公里、宽3.2公里的黑橡树岭山谷。二战时期，德国一直试图抢先研制核武器。如今在美国科学与能源博物馆里，展出着爱因斯坦于1939年8月2日写给美国总统罗斯福的一封信。信中表明，已有数位美国科学家提出核裂变的发现可以导致制造原子弹的可能。为了赶在德国之前造出原子弹，美国于1942年启动“曼哈顿计划”，其计划实施的主要地点就在橡树岭。为了实施这一绝密的核武器制造计划，美国在橡树岭全力实施移民、搬迁、建设和科研工作，仅用了约一年半时间，这一荒谷便聚居了7.5万人，成为田纳西州第五大城市。根据“曼哈顿计划”，美国在橡树岭建有三座核设施：代号为“Y—12”的设施主要用于分离铀235；代号为“K—25”的设施则通过超大规模设备以更为经济的方法分离铀235；代号为“X—10”的设施为石墨原子反应堆。在很长时间内，这里的工作人员与外界完全隔离，绝大多数工作人员都不知道他们所从事工作的最终目的。在有关橡树岭的历史照片上，露脸的孩子都只被标出名，而不标出姓，以防止外人从姓名中判断出都有哪些科学家在这里工作。直至二战结束后，橡树岭所从事的工作才逐渐为人所知。到1949年，橡树岭这一地名才公诸于世。
早期的K-25铀浓缩设施（背景）
测谎试验管理作为安全检查的一部分（美国能源部）
物理学家奥本海默在橡树岭
44英亩的K-25工厂
参议员约翰·肯尼迪1959年2月24日访问美国橡树岭国家实验室。
橡树岭得名于长16公里、宽3.2公里的黑橡树岭山谷。二战时期，德国一直试图抢先研制核武器。如今在美国科学与能源博物馆里，展出着爱因斯坦于1939年8月2日写给美国总统罗斯福的一封信。信中表明，已有数位美国科学家提出核裂变的发现可以导致制造原子弹的可能。为了赶在德国之前造出原子弹，美国于1942年启动“曼哈顿计划”，其计划实施的主要地点就在橡树岭。为了实施这一绝密的核武器制造计划，美国在橡树岭全力实施移民、搬迁、建设和科研工作，仅用了约一年半时间，这一荒谷便聚居了7.5万人，成为田纳西州第五大城市。根据“曼哈顿计划”，美国在橡树岭建有三座核设施：代号为“Y—12”的设施主要用于分离铀235；代号为“K—25”的设施则通过超大规模设备以更为经济的方法分离铀235；代号为“X—10”的设施为石墨原子反应堆。在很长时间内，这里的工作人员与外界完全隔离，绝大多数工作人员都不知道他们所从事工作的最终目的。在有关橡树岭的历史照片上，露脸的孩子都只被标出名，而不标出姓，以防止外人从姓名中判断出都有哪些科学家在这里工作。直至二战结束后，橡树岭所从事的工作才逐渐为人所知。到1949年，橡树岭这一地名才公诸于世。
早期的K-25铀浓缩设施（背景）测谎试验管理作为安全检查的一部分（美国能源部）
物理学家奥本海默在橡树岭
44英亩的K-25工厂
参议员约翰·肯尼迪1959年2月24日访问美国橡树岭国家实验室。
附英文概述：
Starting in 1942, the U.S. government began quietly acquiring more than 60,000 acres in Eastern Tennessee for the Manhattan Project -- the secret World War II program that developed the atomic bomb. The government needed land to build massive facilities to refine and develop nuclear materials for these new weapons, without attracting the attention of enemy spies. The result was a secret town named Oak Ridge that housed tens of thousands of workers and their families. The entire town and facility were fenced in, with armed guards posted at all entries. Workers were sworn to secrecy and only informed of the specific tasks they needed to perform. Most were unaware of the exact nature of their final product until the nuclear bombs were dropped on Japan in 1945. Photographer Ed Westcott (the only authorized photographer on the facility) took many photos of Oak Ridge during the war years and afterwards, capturing construction, scientific experiments, military maneuvers, and everyday life in a 1940s company town (where the company happens to be the U.S. government).
Starting in 1942, the U.S. government began quietly acquiring more than 60,000 acres in Eastern Tennessee for the Manhattan Project -- the secret World War II program that developed the atomic bomb. The government needed land to build massive facilities to refine and develop nuclear materials for these new weapons, without attracting the attention of enemy spies. The result was a secret town named Oak Ridge that housed tens of thousands of workers and their families. The entire town and facility were fenced in, with armed guards posted at all entries. Workers were sworn to secrecy and only informed of the specific tasks they needed to perform. Most were unaware of the exact nature of their final product until the nuclear bombs were dropped on Japan in 1945. Photographer Ed Westcott (the only authorized photographer on the facility) took many photos of Oak Ridge during the war years and afterwards, capturing construction, scientific experiments, military maneuvers, and everyday life in a 1940s company town (where the company happens to be the U.S. government).
地广人稀还是好啊，像咱们的先辈就只能去大西北吃沙子