超级军网中国红鸟-3型巡航导弹,那位翻一下
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/28 15:02:17
China's new cruise missile programme 'racing ahead'
DUNCAN LENNOX Editor Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems
London
Recent developments within China's new cruise missile programmes, although not confirmed officially, indicate that rates of progress have been faster than anticipated.
China's development of a nuclear-armed cruise missile was reported in a 1995 Russian document, which also suggested that the complete production facility was transferred to Shanghai. Although originally thought to refer to the Kh-15 (NATO codename: AS-16 'Kickback') missile, more recent reports suggest that the project was probably associated with the Kh-55 (AS-15 'Kent'). Another 1995 report focused on the flight tests of a supersonic unmanned air vehicle, which may have been either a cruise missile or a target drone.
Earlier cruise missile programmes in China were believed to have been designed by the Hai Ying Electro-Mechanical Technology Academy, based on the Hai Ying -1 and Hai Ying-2 (Silkworm) family of anti-ship missiles, and later with the Hai Ying-3 ramjet powered and Hai Ying-4 turbojet powered missiles.
In the mid-1980s, the 8359 Research Institute was established for cruise missile development, and also the Cruise Missile Institute of China. It is believed that the Cruise Missile Institute was probably a new name for the Hai Ying EMT Academy.
The use of Western RGM/UGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles since 1991 against six countries has allowed China opportunities in reverse engineering. More than 600 Tomahawk missiles were launched in attacks against targets in Iraq between 1991-98, in Bosnia in 1995, in Afghanistan and Sudan in 1998, and in Serbia and Kosovo in 1999. As there are at least six reported cases when these missiles landed more or less intact without the warhead exploding, some were believed to have been recovered and transported to China. A wide range of advanced technologies associated with cruise missile design may therefore have been made available to China. These include: INS/GPS guidance; computer hardware and software; electronics; power supplies; airframe; wings; fuel system; and small turbofan engines.
A cruise missile development programme, known as X-600 in China, is believed to have started in 1977. A small turbofan engine was tested in 1985 with the first missile with a range of 600km entering service in 1992. This missile may be designated Hong Niao-1 (HN-1). It is similar in appearance to the Russian Kh-55, with two straight folding wings at the mid-body, and a folding aircraft tail and tailplane assembly at the rear.
The engine is mounted in the rear body of the missile, with an under-body air inlet. The missile has a length of 6.4m, a diameter of 520mm, a wing span of 3.0m, and a launch weight believed to be around 1,400kg. A warhead weight of 300 to 400kg is expected with this design, which could be nuclear with a yield of 90kT or high explosive submunitions. Guidance in mid-course is inertial, with terrain comparison and possibly GPS updates. Terminal guidance is believed to be by terrain comparison, using a TV camera to view the target area and refine the aim point.
One report suggests that an accuracy of 5m circular error of probability (CEP) has been achieved, although this may well be optimistic. A radio altimeter is used to control the cruise altitude, which is reported to be 20m. Reports suggest that an improved engine became available in 1992, and that an HN-2 version entered service in 1996 with a range increased to between 1,500 and 2,000km.
A further upgrade, HN-3, is now being developed with its range further increased to 2,500km. The first versions of the HN-1/-2/-3 missiles are believed to be ground-launched from wheeled vehicles, and later versions are expected to be developed for ship-, submarine- and aircraft-launch.
The ground-launched missiles are fitted with tandem mounted solid propellant boost motor assemblies, which are jettisoned after use. There have been reports that a long-range land attack cruise missile will be fitted to the new Chinese Type 093 attack submarines, and will be launched in a capsule from the 533mm diameter torpedo tubes. For air-launching, the cruise missiles could be carried by Shenyang JH-7, J-8IIM or J-11 (Su-27 'Flanker') aircraft.
The Chinese X-600 cruise missile during a test flight
China's new cruise missile programme 'racing ahead'
DUNCAN LENNOX Editor Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems
London
Recent developments within China's new cruise missile programmes, although not confirmed officially, indicate that rates of progress have been faster than anticipated.
China's development of a nuclear-armed cruise missile was reported in a 1995 Russian document, which also suggested that the complete production facility was transferred to Shanghai. Although originally thought to refer to the Kh-15 (NATO codename: AS-16 'Kickback') missile, more recent reports suggest that the project was probably associated with the Kh-55 (AS-15 'Kent'). Another 1995 report focused on the flight tests of a supersonic unmanned air vehicle, which may have been either a cruise missile or a target drone.
Earlier cruise missile programmes in China were believed to have been designed by the Hai Ying Electro-Mechanical Technology Academy, based on the Hai Ying -1 and Hai Ying-2 (Silkworm) family of anti-ship missiles, and later with the Hai Ying-3 ramjet powered and Hai Ying-4 turbojet powered missiles.
In the mid-1980s, the 8359 Research Institute was established for cruise missile development, and also the Cruise Missile Institute of China. It is believed that the Cruise Missile Institute was probably a new name for the Hai Ying EMT Academy.
The use of Western RGM/UGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles since 1991 against six countries has allowed China opportunities in reverse engineering. More than 600 Tomahawk missiles were launched in attacks against targets in Iraq between 1991-98, in Bosnia in 1995, in Afghanistan and Sudan in 1998, and in Serbia and Kosovo in 1999. As there are at least six reported cases when these missiles landed more or less intact without the warhead exploding, some were believed to have been recovered and transported to China. A wide range of advanced technologies associated with cruise missile design may therefore have been made available to China. These include: INS/GPS guidance; computer hardware and software; electronics; power supplies; airframe; wings; fuel system; and small turbofan engines.
A cruise missile development programme, known as X-600 in China, is believed to have started in 1977. A small turbofan engine was tested in 1985 with the first missile with a range of 600km entering service in 1992. This missile may be designated Hong Niao-1 (HN-1). It is similar in appearance to the Russian Kh-55, with two straight folding wings at the mid-body, and a folding aircraft tail and tailplane assembly at the rear.
The engine is mounted in the rear body of the missile, with an under-body air inlet. The missile has a length of 6.4m, a diameter of 520mm, a wing span of 3.0m, and a launch weight believed to be around 1,400kg. A warhead weight of 300 to 400kg is expected with this design, which could be nuclear with a yield of 90kT or high explosive submunitions. Guidance in mid-course is inertial, with terrain comparison and possibly GPS updates. Terminal guidance is believed to be by terrain comparison, using a TV camera to view the target area and refine the aim point.
One report suggests that an accuracy of 5m circular error of probability (CEP) has been achieved, although this may well be optimistic. A radio altimeter is used to control the cruise altitude, which is reported to be 20m. Reports suggest that an improved engine became available in 1992, and that an HN-2 version entered service in 1996 with a range increased to between 1,500 and 2,000km.
A further upgrade, HN-3, is now being developed with its range further increased to 2,500km. The first versions of the HN-1/-2/-3 missiles are believed to be ground-launched from wheeled vehicles, and later versions are expected to be developed for ship-, submarine- and aircraft-launch.
The ground-launched missiles are fitted with tandem mounted solid propellant boost motor assemblies, which are jettisoned after use. There have been reports that a long-range land attack cruise missile will be fitted to the new Chinese Type 093 attack submarines, and will be launched in a capsule from the 533mm diameter torpedo tubes. For air-launching, the cruise missiles could be carried by Shenyang JH-7, J-8IIM or J-11 (Su-27 'Flanker') aircraft.
The Chinese X-600 cruise missile during a test flight
DUNCAN LENNOX Editor Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems
London
Recent developments within China's new cruise missile programmes, although not confirmed officially, indicate that rates of progress have been faster than anticipated.
China's development of a nuclear-armed cruise missile was reported in a 1995 Russian document, which also suggested that the complete production facility was transferred to Shanghai. Although originally thought to refer to the Kh-15 (NATO codename: AS-16 'Kickback') missile, more recent reports suggest that the project was probably associated with the Kh-55 (AS-15 'Kent'). Another 1995 report focused on the flight tests of a supersonic unmanned air vehicle, which may have been either a cruise missile or a target drone.
Earlier cruise missile programmes in China were believed to have been designed by the Hai Ying Electro-Mechanical Technology Academy, based on the Hai Ying -1 and Hai Ying-2 (Silkworm) family of anti-ship missiles, and later with the Hai Ying-3 ramjet powered and Hai Ying-4 turbojet powered missiles.
In the mid-1980s, the 8359 Research Institute was established for cruise missile development, and also the Cruise Missile Institute of China. It is believed that the Cruise Missile Institute was probably a new name for the Hai Ying EMT Academy.
The use of Western RGM/UGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles since 1991 against six countries has allowed China opportunities in reverse engineering. More than 600 Tomahawk missiles were launched in attacks against targets in Iraq between 1991-98, in Bosnia in 1995, in Afghanistan and Sudan in 1998, and in Serbia and Kosovo in 1999. As there are at least six reported cases when these missiles landed more or less intact without the warhead exploding, some were believed to have been recovered and transported to China. A wide range of advanced technologies associated with cruise missile design may therefore have been made available to China. These include: INS/GPS guidance; computer hardware and software; electronics; power supplies; airframe; wings; fuel system; and small turbofan engines.
A cruise missile development programme, known as X-600 in China, is believed to have started in 1977. A small turbofan engine was tested in 1985 with the first missile with a range of 600km entering service in 1992. This missile may be designated Hong Niao-1 (HN-1). It is similar in appearance to the Russian Kh-55, with two straight folding wings at the mid-body, and a folding aircraft tail and tailplane assembly at the rear.
The engine is mounted in the rear body of the missile, with an under-body air inlet. The missile has a length of 6.4m, a diameter of 520mm, a wing span of 3.0m, and a launch weight believed to be around 1,400kg. A warhead weight of 300 to 400kg is expected with this design, which could be nuclear with a yield of 90kT or high explosive submunitions. Guidance in mid-course is inertial, with terrain comparison and possibly GPS updates. Terminal guidance is believed to be by terrain comparison, using a TV camera to view the target area and refine the aim point.
One report suggests that an accuracy of 5m circular error of probability (CEP) has been achieved, although this may well be optimistic. A radio altimeter is used to control the cruise altitude, which is reported to be 20m. Reports suggest that an improved engine became available in 1992, and that an HN-2 version entered service in 1996 with a range increased to between 1,500 and 2,000km.
A further upgrade, HN-3, is now being developed with its range further increased to 2,500km. The first versions of the HN-1/-2/-3 missiles are believed to be ground-launched from wheeled vehicles, and later versions are expected to be developed for ship-, submarine- and aircraft-launch.
The ground-launched missiles are fitted with tandem mounted solid propellant boost motor assemblies, which are jettisoned after use. There have been reports that a long-range land attack cruise missile will be fitted to the new Chinese Type 093 attack submarines, and will be launched in a capsule from the 533mm diameter torpedo tubes. For air-launching, the cruise missiles could be carried by Shenyang JH-7, J-8IIM or J-11 (Su-27 'Flanker') aircraft.
The Chinese X-600 cruise missile during a test flight
China's new cruise missile programme 'racing ahead' DUNCAN LENNOX Editor Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems
London
Recent developments within China's new cruise missile programmes, although not confirmed officially, indicate that rates of progress have been faster than anticipated.
China's development of a nuclear-armed cruise missile was reported in a 1995 Russian document, which also suggested that the complete production facility was transferred to Shanghai. Although originally thought to refer to the Kh-15 (NATO codename: AS-16 'Kickback') missile, more recent reports suggest that the project was probably associated with the Kh-55 (AS-15 'Kent'). Another 1995 report focused on the flight tests of a supersonic unmanned air vehicle, which may have been either a cruise missile or a target drone.
Earlier cruise missile programmes in China were believed to have been designed by the Hai Ying Electro-Mechanical Technology Academy, based on the Hai Ying -1 and Hai Ying-2 (Silkworm) family of anti-ship missiles, and later with the Hai Ying-3 ramjet powered and Hai Ying-4 turbojet powered missiles.
In the mid-1980s, the 8359 Research Institute was established for cruise missile development, and also the Cruise Missile Institute of China. It is believed that the Cruise Missile Institute was probably a new name for the Hai Ying EMT Academy.
The use of Western RGM/UGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles since 1991 against six countries has allowed China opportunities in reverse engineering. More than 600 Tomahawk missiles were launched in attacks against targets in Iraq between 1991-98, in Bosnia in 1995, in Afghanistan and Sudan in 1998, and in Serbia and Kosovo in 1999. As there are at least six reported cases when these missiles landed more or less intact without the warhead exploding, some were believed to have been recovered and transported to China. A wide range of advanced technologies associated with cruise missile design may therefore have been made available to China. These include: INS/GPS guidance; computer hardware and software; electronics; power supplies; airframe; wings; fuel system; and small turbofan engines.
A cruise missile development programme, known as X-600 in China, is believed to have started in 1977. A small turbofan engine was tested in 1985 with the first missile with a range of 600km entering service in 1992. This missile may be designated Hong Niao-1 (HN-1). It is similar in appearance to the Russian Kh-55, with two straight folding wings at the mid-body, and a folding aircraft tail and tailplane assembly at the rear.
The engine is mounted in the rear body of the missile, with an under-body air inlet. The missile has a length of 6.4m, a diameter of 520mm, a wing span of 3.0m, and a launch weight believed to be around 1,400kg. A warhead weight of 300 to 400kg is expected with this design, which could be nuclear with a yield of 90kT or high explosive submunitions. Guidance in mid-course is inertial, with terrain comparison and possibly GPS updates. Terminal guidance is believed to be by terrain comparison, using a TV camera to view the target area and refine the aim point.
One report suggests that an accuracy of 5m circular error of probability (CEP) has been achieved, although this may well be optimistic. A radio altimeter is used to control the cruise altitude, which is reported to be 20m. Reports suggest that an improved engine became available in 1992, and that an HN-2 version entered service in 1996 with a range increased to between 1,500 and 2,000km.
A further upgrade, HN-3, is now being developed with its range further increased to 2,500km. The first versions of the HN-1/-2/-3 missiles are believed to be ground-launched from wheeled vehicles, and later versions are expected to be developed for ship-, submarine- and aircraft-launch.
The ground-launched missiles are fitted with tandem mounted solid propellant boost motor assemblies, which are jettisoned after use. There have been reports that a long-range land attack cruise missile will be fitted to the new Chinese Type 093 attack submarines, and will be launched in a capsule from the 533mm diameter torpedo tubes. For air-launching, the cruise missiles could be carried by Shenyang JH-7, J-8IIM or J-11 (Su-27 'Flanker') aircraft.
The Chinese X-600 cruise missile during a test flight
转自航天二炮
中国x-600巡航导弹在飞行试验中
中国新型巡航导弹研究项目的最新进展，虽然未经官方确认，但已经显示该项目的进展要比预期更快。
1995年的一份俄罗斯文件报告了中国在发展巡航核导弹，该文件也显示了全套设备被运输到了上海。尽管原先认为该型号导弹是kh-15（北约代号是as-16）,但是最近的报告显示该项目可能与kh-55( 北约代号as-15)有关。另外一份1995年的报告关注一次超音速无人飞行器的飞行试验，它可能是一枚巡航导弹也可能是一架靶机。
早期的巡航导弹研究项目据信是由海鹰电子机械技术研究院在海鹰-1和海鹰-2（沙蚕）反舰导弹家族基础上设计的，后来是在海鹰-3（冲压式发动机）和海鹰-4(涡轮式发动机)基础上。 中国在80年代中期成立了国家巡航导弹研究机构8359研究所，据信这是原海鹰电子机械技术研究院的新名称，专门研发巡航导弹。
1991年以来，西方对六个国家使用了rgm/ugm-109 战斧巡航导弹，这使得中国有机会接触到反冲式发动机。西方在1991-1998年间对伊拉克目标、1995年对波斯尼亚目标、1998年对阿富汗和苏丹目标、1999年对塞尔维亚和科索沃目标总共发射了600多枚战斧导弹， 至少有6次战斧导弹落地后战斗部没有爆炸，据信其中部分被发现并运到了中国。中国因此得到了有关巡航导弹的广泛的先进技术，包括：ins/gps导航、计算机软硬件、电子器件、动力系统、机身、弹翼、燃料供应系统和小型涡扇发动机等方面的技术。
据信中国于1977年开始了一项代号为x-600的巡航导弹发展项目。1985年小型涡扇发动机通过了测试，第一种巡航导弹1992年服役，射程600公里。这一型号的巡航导弹被命名为鸿鸟-1（hn-1）。它在外形上类似于俄罗斯的kh-55，弹体中部有两个可折叠平直弹翼，尾部为可折叠垂直尾翼和水平尾翼，舵安装在水平尾翼上。发动机安装在导弹后部上方，进气口在弹体下方。导弹长6.4米，直径520厘米，发射重量约1400公斤。按此外形设计估计战斗部重量约300到400千克，可装核弹头或高爆炸药。中继制导为惯性导航方式，以及地形匹配制导和gps修正。终端制导方式据信是地形匹配制导，通过电视摄像机观察目标并修正弹着点。一份报告显示该导弹达到了弹着点圆概率公差5米的精度，但可能这一数字过于乐观。巡航高度大约20米，由无线电高度表控制。1992年发动机改进成功后，红鸟-2开始服役，射程达到了1500到2000公里。通过进一步的改进，正在研发中的红鸟-3射程增加到2500公里。红鸟导弹最初是由轮式车辆运载，陆基发射 ，后来的型号据推测发展了舰载、水下和空射多种方式。陆基巡航导弹装有一前一后安装的固体推进剂助推器，助推器在燃料耗尽后废弃。有报告称，中国新型的093攻击潜艇将配备远射程潜对地巡航导弹，装在发射荚舱中由533mm鱼雷发射管发射。空射方式下，导弹将由j-7、j-8iim 或 j-11 (su-27)运载发射。
中国x-600巡航导弹在飞行试验中
中国新型巡航导弹研究项目的最新进展，虽然未经官方确认，但已经显示该项目的进展要比预期更快。
1995年的一份俄罗斯文件报告了中国在发展巡航核导弹，该文件也显示了全套设备被运输到了上海。尽管原先认为该型号导弹是kh-15（北约代号是as-16）,但是最近的报告显示该项目可能与kh-55( 北约代号as-15)有关。另外一份1995年的报告关注一次超音速无人飞行器的飞行试验，它可能是一枚巡航导弹也可能是一架靶机。
早期的巡航导弹研究项目据信是由海鹰电子机械技术研究院在海鹰-1和海鹰-2（沙蚕）反舰导弹家族基础上设计的，后来是在海鹰-3（冲压式发动机）和海鹰-4(涡轮式发动机)基础上。 中国在80年代中期成立了国家巡航导弹研究机构8359研究所，据信这是原海鹰电子机械技术研究院的新名称，专门研发巡航导弹。
1991年以来，西方对六个国家使用了rgm/ugm-109 战斧巡航导弹，这使得中国有机会接触到反冲式发动机。西方在1991-1998年间对伊拉克目标、1995年对波斯尼亚目标、1998年对阿富汗和苏丹目标、1999年对塞尔维亚和科索沃目标总共发射了600多枚战斧导弹， 至少有6次战斧导弹落地后战斗部没有爆炸，据信其中部分被发现并运到了中国。中国因此得到了有关巡航导弹的广泛的先进技术，包括：ins/gps导航、计算机软硬件、电子器件、动力系统、机身、弹翼、燃料供应系统和小型涡扇发动机等方面的技术。
据信中国于1977年开始了一项代号为x-600的巡航导弹发展项目。1985年小型涡扇发动机通过了测试，第一种巡航导弹1992年服役，射程600公里。这一型号的巡航导弹被命名为鸿鸟-1（hn-1）。它在外形上类似于俄罗斯的kh-55，弹体中部有两个可折叠平直弹翼，尾部为可折叠垂直尾翼和水平尾翼，舵安装在水平尾翼上。发动机安装在导弹后部上方，进气口在弹体下方。导弹长6.4米，直径520厘米，发射重量约1400公斤。按此外形设计估计战斗部重量约300到400千克，可装核弹头或高爆炸药。中继制导为惯性导航方式，以及地形匹配制导和gps修正。终端制导方式据信是地形匹配制导，通过电视摄像机观察目标并修正弹着点。一份报告显示该导弹达到了弹着点圆概率公差5米的精度，但可能这一数字过于乐观。巡航高度大约20米，由无线电高度表控制。1992年发动机改进成功后，红鸟-2开始服役，射程达到了1500到2000公里。通过进一步的改进，正在研发中的红鸟-3射程增加到2500公里。红鸟导弹最初是由轮式车辆运载，陆基发射 ，后来的型号据推测发展了舰载、水下和空射多种方式。陆基巡航导弹装有一前一后安装的固体推进剂助推器，助推器在燃料耗尽后废弃。有报告称，中国新型的093攻击潜艇将配备远射程潜对地巡航导弹，装在发射荚舱中由533mm鱼雷发射管发射。空射方式下，导弹将由j-7、j-8iim 或 j-11 (su-27)运载发射。
补充：最后一行是：“飞行试验中的中国X-600巡航导弹”。
猛啊！
痛打美帝
我怎么看怎么像是长了翅膀的鱼雷啊？！！
飞翔式鱼雷。。。。。。