谈谈187项目

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Experimental main battle tank "project 187" ----------这才是第一次使用焊接炮塔的坦克


  

"Object 187" is among the least known to the public - because of the high degree of secrecy - products of the Soviet tankoproma. Designed as a military unit "transitional generation", designed to completely eliminate the backlog of TTX line produced on UVZ MBT instead of a cutting-edge systems and structural solutions, and having lost many of the traditional shortcomings of Soviet tanks, and at the same time intended to be only a temporary solution until the development of new combat platforms, "Object 187" appeared in the hardest for the domestic armed forces of the period and eventually fell victim to circumstances - cuts in funding and a systemic crisis in the army, accompanied the collapse of the Soviet Union.

In the mid 80's. become apparent serious problems in the domestic tankoprome. Although accepted for service in 1985, T-80U has left him far behind modern foreign tanks on many performance characteristics, capacities of the Kirov Leningrad, Kharkov and connects to the Omsk manufacturing plants are not sufficient to ensure the needs of the army in the new tanks, staffed by them, even the elite military units, located on the territory of the Warsaw Pact, was essentially ruined. And in the largest business sector - Uralvagonzavod - in these years produced a much less advanced T-72B. Require the development of the new tank, equal or superior to the T-80U on a set of characteristics and appropriate for the production of UVZ.


Work on the new tank started in the 2 nd half of 1980. the program "Improvement of-88 and different scale: to create machines, has received tentative designation T-90, participated UKBTM (from which the leading role played in the ROC B. Potkin and Y. Kondratiev), SKB-2, NIIStali, EDB "Trucks," Instrument Design Bureau, GSKBD together with several other key organizations in the tank industry. Especially for it was a number of new components and subsystems, redesigned circuit protection, designed the new production technology.
The first prototype tank was built approximately in 1989 was followed by another release up to 10 prototypes that have passed factory testing and aiming for a comprehensive testing ground NIIBTT in Kubinka. The tests continued until the mid 90's. When the program was first suspended and then completely collapsed.
  


The construction of "Object 187" in general terms based on the MBT T-72B development in 1985, but the total amount of change was so significant that the result is a machine with radically higher performance. In fact, with the T-72B its united only classical layout, design of the chassis and automatic loader.
The frontal piece body has completely changed compared with the previous Soviet tanks: the hull lengthened by about 400 mm, resulting draft armor increased to 900 mm or more, and the angle of declination VLD slightly decreased - from 68 to 60-65 degrees. Thus, booking body markedly intensified (in addition to increasing the thickness of the reduced significantly upgraded the composition of the composite armor) and, last but not least, eliminating preserved since the T-64 flaw - unless he first passes directly through the shaft VLD driver's hatch is greatly reduced resistance (up to that individual zone in the viewing devices the way even 30-mm BPS), then on "Object 187" managed to move the hatch to the roof of department management. Lower frontal part also had better protection, including through the DMZ.

For the first time in the Soviet MBT mounted welded tower, the prototype of which, together with the prototypes of the tower T-90A and T-84, was prepared in NIISTali in the late 80's. and finalized in Nizhniy Tagil KB. According to the patent, it has a large physical thickness of armor - from 650 to 950 mm, high specific content spetsbronirovaniya - up to 60%, good ballistic profile (in particular, its board within the angles of safe maneuvering was, in principle, inaccessible to fire) and a larger internal volume but at the same time very much weakened area in the center. Structure spetsbronirovaniya completely changed compared with the T-72B, although the details remain undisclosed (not excluded that the lists were used reflecting the improved type, ceramic insert, or even alloys of high density based on uranium). From the tower modern version of the T-90, the tower differed more spacious combat compartment.

"Object 187" was packaged with a modular explosive reactive armor. According to available information, it could present himself from an earlier version UDZ 3rd generation "Relic" and far surpass the old WHD "Kontakt-5" on protivosnaryadnoy protection. However, it should be noted and a rather unfortunate overlap DZ projection of the tank, leave plenty of ballistic windows, although the serial specification, probably would have looked better in this sense. Instead of a standard rubber-side hull sections were covered latticed screens and containers of the DMZ. How and adopted two years earlier, commander of the T-80UK, the tank is equipped with complex optical-electronic counter / system setting aerosol screens, blind-1.



As a result of the implementation of "Object 187" listed a series of measures fighting machine weight increased to 50 tons. At the time of creation (and, potentially, up to now) 187 th was the most protected tanks 3rd generation in the world.
  

Strengthening reservations improvements were not limited. As the main armament tank received 125-mm smoothbore gun ballistics high 2A66 (D-91T), established on the basis 2A46M as a stopgap between the D-81T and 125-mm gun of a new generation of 2A82. Muzzle energy 2A66 increased so much that needed to set dvuhschelevogo muzzle brake. Since barrel length is not changed compared with 2A46, it is thought that the ballistics increased by modifying the breech - increasing the chambers under a more powerful shell, as well as increasing the rigidity of the barrel. Exact TTX guns are not disclosed. In the ammunition was to enter developed on "anchor" feathery armor-piercing projectile Subcaliber 3BM39 with a coefficient of elongation of more than 20 - the uranium OBPS-piece, with a new detachable tray: if the previous bombs were primitive master device in the form of a single contact coils (second center element is feathering caliber with scope, very unfortunate in terms of aerodynamics and wear out the barrel), "anchor" was BY, consisting of a caliber and light composite kinetic energy ammunition coils; latter had *- shaped cross section. This tail is made of light alloys and the scale many times smaller caliber. In addition, the gun could use the entire range of previously established 125-mm projectiles. There is also information about the design for the new 2A66 TOUR (possibly, the development theme of "Agon"), but they are not subject to verification.





The disadvantage of the T-72B, except for the recent series of models was manual fire control system - there was no integrated with atmospheric sensors and other ballistic computer, instead it was ballistic popravochnik, day sight has a very mediocre performance. In the "Object 187" to solve that problem by installing SRS 1A45T common with T-80U/UK. Thus, Tagil MBT surpassed daily opportunities MSA even some foreign designs - in particular, M1A1/M1A1NA.

In the prototype of "Object 187" was worked out several types of powerplant. Among them was the traditional V-twin diesel engine B-84 capacity 840 liters. pp. by that time quite out of date and gave 50-tonnomu tank insufficient specific power. Another option was developed at the Barnaul Plant of 1000-strong V-shaped CD-34 turbine supercharging, which, however, also did not meet the tactical requirements: Due to the increase in the height of the tower reverse logistics difficult. At one of the experimental tanks may have been mounted gas turbine GTE-1250. Finally, the last of proven power plant was 1200-strong X-shaped diesel 2B-12-2 or 2B-16-2. The first sketchy-design work on the X-shaped engines (ie, spark V-shaped working on a tree) were performed Chelyabinsk GSKBD at the turn of the 1960 - 70-ies. and in the late 80's led to a 16 - and 12-cylinder four-stroke power plants. This engine is more compact because of the small cylinder capacity - by 13-40% compared with a series of V-2/V-84, high power density, reliability and ease of removal and replacement (at the trials, she was a little over 1 h) due to association engine and transmission in a single MTU. Diesel 2B was considered the most promising for the new tank. Presumably, the transmission could be upgraded by installing a hydrostatic mechanism of rotation (at least, a similar transfer was tested in conjunction with X-shaped diesel engine on a test tank "Project 785" in the early 80's and was recommended for acceptance into service in the case of the turbine T -80).

Chassis "Object 187" little different from the T-72B and consisted of six pairs of gable aluminum road wheels with steel ribs and three support rollers. It is possible that this tank, introduced unified with the T-80 track chain with parallel RMSH and slanting cleats.
  



Now that the "Object 187" is no longer regarded as MBT for Russia army, it is unfortunate about the untimeliness of a car. Contrary to popular opinion among fans BTVT the minimum amount of cost to UVZ the transition from the T-72B at the "Object 187", we must recognize that putting on a conveyor machine with a completely modified design of the scheme and reservations, demanding release of related enterprises of new engines, transmissions, guns and even a line of ammunition in the toughest conditions early 90's. It would have cost quite a lot of cost.

Thus, the results of tests of "Object 187" GABTU tank decided to take no weapons, but to concentrate on bringing other Tagil tank - "Object 188". This machine, designed in parallel with the "object 187", are the only upgrade the T-72B, includes the installation of OMS 1A45T and several other less significant changes. Originally designated as the T-72BU, she soon received a designated 187-th index of the T-90 and in 1992 produced for NE Russia. With a lower probability of armed conflict with NATO and the inability to maintain armored combat-ready troops in its former condition, the T-72BU, of course, is much better suited to support the production capacity at Uralvagonzavod, though undoubtedly inferior in performance characteristics to his "older brother". Nevertheless, it is gratifying to observe how slowly many design solutions from prepared for it, yet implemented on the T-90: for example, from 1999 Tagil MBT is equipped with a welded turret and engine capacity of 1000 liters. pp. and now the editing of the second project to upgrade T-90 with a high probability includes the installation of a new version 2A46M, lattice screens, WHD "Relic" and some improvements beyond that. Finally, promising MBT, known as "Project 195" may have some similarities with the case at experimental tank design features (for example, the device housing).
  


According to the author of the article, all the prototypes of "Object 187" in the 90's. were removed from the landfill NIIBTT, their fate remains unknown.

==========================



Experimental main battle tank "project 187" ----------这才是第一次使用焊接炮塔的坦克


  

"Object 187" is among the least known to the public - because of the high degree of secrecy - products of the Soviet tankoproma. Designed as a military unit "transitional generation", designed to completely eliminate the backlog of TTX line produced on UVZ MBT instead of a cutting-edge systems and structural solutions, and having lost many of the traditional shortcomings of Soviet tanks, and at the same time intended to be only a temporary solution until the development of new combat platforms, "Object 187" appeared in the hardest for the domestic armed forces of the period and eventually fell victim to circumstances - cuts in funding and a systemic crisis in the army, accompanied the collapse of the Soviet Union.

In the mid 80's. become apparent serious problems in the domestic tankoprome. Although accepted for service in 1985, T-80U has left him far behind modern foreign tanks on many performance characteristics, capacities of the Kirov Leningrad, Kharkov and connects to the Omsk manufacturing plants are not sufficient to ensure the needs of the army in the new tanks, staffed by them, even the elite military units, located on the territory of the Warsaw Pact, was essentially ruined. And in the largest business sector - Uralvagonzavod - in these years produced a much less advanced T-72B. Require the development of the new tank, equal or superior to the T-80U on a set of characteristics and appropriate for the production of UVZ.


Work on the new tank started in the 2 nd half of 1980. the program "Improvement of-88 and different scale: to create machines, has received tentative designation T-90, participated UKBTM (from which the leading role played in the ROC B. Potkin and Y. Kondratiev), SKB-2, NIIStali, EDB "Trucks," Instrument Design Bureau, GSKBD together with several other key organizations in the tank industry. Especially for it was a number of new components and subsystems, redesigned circuit protection, designed the new production technology.
The first prototype tank was built approximately in 1989 was followed by another release up to 10 prototypes that have passed factory testing and aiming for a comprehensive testing ground NIIBTT in Kubinka. The tests continued until the mid 90's. When the program was first suspended and then completely collapsed.
  


The construction of "Object 187" in general terms based on the MBT T-72B development in 1985, but the total amount of change was so significant that the result is a machine with radically higher performance. In fact, with the T-72B its united only classical layout, design of the chassis and automatic loader.
The frontal piece body has completely changed compared with the previous Soviet tanks: the hull lengthened by about 400 mm, resulting draft armor increased to 900 mm or more, and the angle of declination VLD slightly decreased - from 68 to 60-65 degrees. Thus, booking body markedly intensified (in addition to increasing the thickness of the reduced significantly upgraded the composition of the composite armor) and, last but not least, eliminating preserved since the T-64 flaw - unless he first passes directly through the shaft VLD driver's hatch is greatly reduced resistance (up to that individual zone in the viewing devices the way even 30-mm BPS), then on "Object 187" managed to move the hatch to the roof of department management. Lower frontal part also had better protection, including through the DMZ.

For the first time in the Soviet MBT mounted welded tower, the prototype of which, together with the prototypes of the tower T-90A and T-84, was prepared in NIISTali in the late 80's. and finalized in Nizhniy Tagil KB. According to the patent, it has a large physical thickness of armor - from 650 to 950 mm, high specific content spetsbronirovaniya - up to 60%, good ballistic profile (in particular, its board within the angles of safe maneuvering was, in principle, inaccessible to fire) and a larger internal volume but at the same time very much weakened area in the center. Structure spetsbronirovaniya completely changed compared with the T-72B, although the details remain undisclosed (not excluded that the lists were used reflecting the improved type, ceramic insert, or even alloys of high density based on uranium). From the tower modern version of the T-90, the tower differed more spacious combat compartment.

"Object 187" was packaged with a modular explosive reactive armor. According to available information, it could present himself from an earlier version UDZ 3rd generation "Relic" and far surpass the old WHD "Kontakt-5" on protivosnaryadnoy protection. However, it should be noted and a rather unfortunate overlap DZ projection of the tank, leave plenty of ballistic windows, although the serial specification, probably would have looked better in this sense. Instead of a standard rubber-side hull sections were covered latticed screens and containers of the DMZ. How and adopted two years earlier, commander of the T-80UK, the tank is equipped with complex optical-electronic counter / system setting aerosol screens, blind-1.



As a result of the implementation of "Object 187" listed a series of measures fighting machine weight increased to 50 tons. At the time of creation (and, potentially, up to now) 187 th was the most protected tanks 3rd generation in the world.
  

Strengthening reservations improvements were not limited. As the main armament tank received 125-mm smoothbore gun ballistics high 2A66 (D-91T), established on the basis 2A46M as a stopgap between the D-81T and 125-mm gun of a new generation of 2A82. Muzzle energy 2A66 increased so much that needed to set dvuhschelevogo muzzle brake. Since barrel length is not changed compared with 2A46, it is thought that the ballistics increased by modifying the breech - increasing the chambers under a more powerful shell, as well as increasing the rigidity of the barrel. Exact TTX guns are not disclosed. In the ammunition was to enter developed on "anchor" feathery armor-piercing projectile Subcaliber 3BM39 with a coefficient of elongation of more than 20 - the uranium OBPS-piece, with a new detachable tray: if the previous bombs were primitive master device in the form of a single contact coils (second center element is feathering caliber with scope, very unfortunate in terms of aerodynamics and wear out the barrel), "anchor" was BY, consisting of a caliber and light composite kinetic energy ammunition coils; latter had *- shaped cross section. This tail is made of light alloys and the scale many times smaller caliber. In addition, the gun could use the entire range of previously established 125-mm projectiles. There is also information about the design for the new 2A66 TOUR (possibly, the development theme of "Agon"), but they are not subject to verification.





The disadvantage of the T-72B, except for the recent series of models was manual fire control system - there was no integrated with atmospheric sensors and other ballistic computer, instead it was ballistic popravochnik, day sight has a very mediocre performance. In the "Object 187" to solve that problem by installing SRS 1A45T common with T-80U/UK. Thus, Tagil MBT surpassed daily opportunities MSA even some foreign designs - in particular, M1A1/M1A1NA.

In the prototype of "Object 187" was worked out several types of powerplant. Among them was the traditional V-twin diesel engine B-84 capacity 840 liters. pp. by that time quite out of date and gave 50-tonnomu tank insufficient specific power. Another option was developed at the Barnaul Plant of 1000-strong V-shaped CD-34 turbine supercharging, which, however, also did not meet the tactical requirements: Due to the increase in the height of the tower reverse logistics difficult. At one of the experimental tanks may have been mounted gas turbine GTE-1250. Finally, the last of proven power plant was 1200-strong X-shaped diesel 2B-12-2 or 2B-16-2. The first sketchy-design work on the X-shaped engines (ie, spark V-shaped working on a tree) were performed Chelyabinsk GSKBD at the turn of the 1960 - 70-ies. and in the late 80's led to a 16 - and 12-cylinder four-stroke power plants. This engine is more compact because of the small cylinder capacity - by 13-40% compared with a series of V-2/V-84, high power density, reliability and ease of removal and replacement (at the trials, she was a little over 1 h) due to association engine and transmission in a single MTU. Diesel 2B was considered the most promising for the new tank. Presumably, the transmission could be upgraded by installing a hydrostatic mechanism of rotation (at least, a similar transfer was tested in conjunction with X-shaped diesel engine on a test tank "Project 785" in the early 80's and was recommended for acceptance into service in the case of the turbine T -80).

Chassis "Object 187" little different from the T-72B and consisted of six pairs of gable aluminum road wheels with steel ribs and three support rollers. It is possible that this tank, introduced unified with the T-80 track chain with parallel RMSH and slanting cleats.
  



Now that the "Object 187" is no longer regarded as MBT for Russia army, it is unfortunate about the untimeliness of a car. Contrary to popular opinion among fans BTVT the minimum amount of cost to UVZ the transition from the T-72B at the "Object 187", we must recognize that putting on a conveyor machine with a completely modified design of the scheme and reservations, demanding release of related enterprises of new engines, transmissions, guns and even a line of ammunition in the toughest conditions early 90's. It would have cost quite a lot of cost.

Thus, the results of tests of "Object 187" GABTU tank decided to take no weapons, but to concentrate on bringing other Tagil tank - "Object 188". This machine, designed in parallel with the "object 187", are the only upgrade the T-72B, includes the installation of OMS 1A45T and several other less significant changes. Originally designated as the T-72BU, she soon received a designated 187-th index of the T-90 and in 1992 produced for NE Russia. With a lower probability of armed conflict with NATO and the inability to maintain armored combat-ready troops in its former condition, the T-72BU, of course, is much better suited to support the production capacity at Uralvagonzavod, though undoubtedly inferior in performance characteristics to his "older brother". Nevertheless, it is gratifying to observe how slowly many design solutions from prepared for it, yet implemented on the T-90: for example, from 1999 Tagil MBT is equipped with a welded turret and engine capacity of 1000 liters. pp. and now the editing of the second project to upgrade T-90 with a high probability includes the installation of a new version 2A46M, lattice screens, WHD "Relic" and some improvements beyond that. Finally, promising MBT, known as "Project 195" may have some similarities with the case at experimental tank design features (for example, the device housing).
  


According to the author of the article, all the prototypes of "Object 187" in the 90's. were removed from the landfill NIIBTT, their fate remains unknown.