超级军网请贵宾 rice 翻译
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General Dynamics Land Systems and United Defense Limited Partnership were selected by Boeing/SAIC, the Future Combat Systems Lead System Integrator, to form an integrated design team for the manned ground vehicle portion of the FCS program. The formation of the integrated design team will reduce risk, and support the Army’s aggressive timeline through design efforts in preparation for a System Development and Demonstration decision in May 2003.
Future Combat Systems, the Army’s flagship transformation program, is a networked "system of systems" that uses advanced communications and technologies to integrate the soldier with "families" of manned and unmanned platforms and sensors. This highly agile and lethal combat force will provide the tactical formations required to fulfill the Army’s vision for an Objective Force.
The Lead Systems Integrator, working in partnership with the Army and DARPA, has total systems integration responsibility for the FCS program. They are responsible for the identification, selection and procurement of major systems and subsystems.
The integrated design team of General Dynamics and United Defense has responsibility for manned ground vehicles before the Systems Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase, during SDD and in the Low Rate Initial Production phase. General Dynamics is leading the manned ground vehicle common design development with United Defense, Lead Systems Integrator and U.S. government participation. General Dynamics also has leadership of the Mounted Combat System [formerly the Line-of-Sight/Beyond-Line-of-Sight System], the Reconnaissance & Surveillance Vehicle, and the Command and Control Vehicle designs. Our teammate, United Defense, has leadership responsibility for the Infantry Carrier Vehicle, the FCS Recovery & Maintenance Vehicle, the Medical Vehicle, the Non-Line-of-Sight-Cannon, and the Non-Line-of-Sight-Mortar designs.
The integrated design team is chartered to create opportunities for the best of industry to participate in the Future Combat Systems’ manned ground vehicle program through competition at the subsystem and component level. It will leverage the government technology base to develop FCS manned vehicle systems with a high degree of commonality and modularity. An open architecture approach for the FCS vehicle systems will facilitate technology insertion and spiral development.
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency currently manages the FCS concept and technology development phase of the program. Following entry into the Systems Design and Development phase, the U.S. Army Program Executive Officer for Ground Combat Systems will take responsibility for systems integration, production, fielding and sustainment. The Army plans for FCS first unit equipped in 2008 and initial operational capability in 2010.[em02]General Dynamics Land Systems and United Defense Limited Partnership were selected by Boeing/SAIC, the Future Combat Systems Lead System Integrator, to form an integrated design team for the manned ground vehicle portion of the FCS program. The formation of the integrated design team will reduce risk, and support the Army’s aggressive timeline through design efforts in preparation for a System Development and Demonstration decision in May 2003.
Future Combat Systems, the Army’s flagship transformation program, is a networked "system of systems" that uses advanced communications and technologies to integrate the soldier with "families" of manned and unmanned platforms and sensors. This highly agile and lethal combat force will provide the tactical formations required to fulfill the Army’s vision for an Objective Force.
The Lead Systems Integrator, working in partnership with the Army and DARPA, has total systems integration responsibility for the FCS program. They are responsible for the identification, selection and procurement of major systems and subsystems.
The integrated design team of General Dynamics and United Defense has responsibility for manned ground vehicles before the Systems Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase, during SDD and in the Low Rate Initial Production phase. General Dynamics is leading the manned ground vehicle common design development with United Defense, Lead Systems Integrator and U.S. government participation. General Dynamics also has leadership of the Mounted Combat System [formerly the Line-of-Sight/Beyond-Line-of-Sight System], the Reconnaissance & Surveillance Vehicle, and the Command and Control Vehicle designs. Our teammate, United Defense, has leadership responsibility for the Infantry Carrier Vehicle, the FCS Recovery & Maintenance Vehicle, the Medical Vehicle, the Non-Line-of-Sight-Cannon, and the Non-Line-of-Sight-Mortar designs.
The integrated design team is chartered to create opportunities for the best of industry to participate in the Future Combat Systems’ manned ground vehicle program through competition at the subsystem and component level. It will leverage the government technology base to develop FCS manned vehicle systems with a high degree of commonality and modularity. An open architecture approach for the FCS vehicle systems will facilitate technology insertion and spiral development.
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency currently manages the FCS concept and technology development phase of the program. Following entry into the Systems Design and Development phase, the U.S. Army Program Executive Officer for Ground Combat Systems will take responsibility for systems integration, production, fielding and sustainment. The Army plans for FCS first unit equipped in 2008 and initial operational capability in 2010.[em02]
Future Combat Systems, the Army’s flagship transformation program, is a networked "system of systems" that uses advanced communications and technologies to integrate the soldier with "families" of manned and unmanned platforms and sensors. This highly agile and lethal combat force will provide the tactical formations required to fulfill the Army’s vision for an Objective Force.
The Lead Systems Integrator, working in partnership with the Army and DARPA, has total systems integration responsibility for the FCS program. They are responsible for the identification, selection and procurement of major systems and subsystems.
The integrated design team of General Dynamics and United Defense has responsibility for manned ground vehicles before the Systems Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase, during SDD and in the Low Rate Initial Production phase. General Dynamics is leading the manned ground vehicle common design development with United Defense, Lead Systems Integrator and U.S. government participation. General Dynamics also has leadership of the Mounted Combat System [formerly the Line-of-Sight/Beyond-Line-of-Sight System], the Reconnaissance & Surveillance Vehicle, and the Command and Control Vehicle designs. Our teammate, United Defense, has leadership responsibility for the Infantry Carrier Vehicle, the FCS Recovery & Maintenance Vehicle, the Medical Vehicle, the Non-Line-of-Sight-Cannon, and the Non-Line-of-Sight-Mortar designs.
The integrated design team is chartered to create opportunities for the best of industry to participate in the Future Combat Systems’ manned ground vehicle program through competition at the subsystem and component level. It will leverage the government technology base to develop FCS manned vehicle systems with a high degree of commonality and modularity. An open architecture approach for the FCS vehicle systems will facilitate technology insertion and spiral development.
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency currently manages the FCS concept and technology development phase of the program. Following entry into the Systems Design and Development phase, the U.S. Army Program Executive Officer for Ground Combat Systems will take responsibility for systems integration, production, fielding and sustainment. The Army plans for FCS first unit equipped in 2008 and initial operational capability in 2010.[em02]General Dynamics Land Systems and United Defense Limited Partnership were selected by Boeing/SAIC, the Future Combat Systems Lead System Integrator, to form an integrated design team for the manned ground vehicle portion of the FCS program. The formation of the integrated design team will reduce risk, and support the Army’s aggressive timeline through design efforts in preparation for a System Development and Demonstration decision in May 2003.
Future Combat Systems, the Army’s flagship transformation program, is a networked "system of systems" that uses advanced communications and technologies to integrate the soldier with "families" of manned and unmanned platforms and sensors. This highly agile and lethal combat force will provide the tactical formations required to fulfill the Army’s vision for an Objective Force.
The Lead Systems Integrator, working in partnership with the Army and DARPA, has total systems integration responsibility for the FCS program. They are responsible for the identification, selection and procurement of major systems and subsystems.
The integrated design team of General Dynamics and United Defense has responsibility for manned ground vehicles before the Systems Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase, during SDD and in the Low Rate Initial Production phase. General Dynamics is leading the manned ground vehicle common design development with United Defense, Lead Systems Integrator and U.S. government participation. General Dynamics also has leadership of the Mounted Combat System [formerly the Line-of-Sight/Beyond-Line-of-Sight System], the Reconnaissance & Surveillance Vehicle, and the Command and Control Vehicle designs. Our teammate, United Defense, has leadership responsibility for the Infantry Carrier Vehicle, the FCS Recovery & Maintenance Vehicle, the Medical Vehicle, the Non-Line-of-Sight-Cannon, and the Non-Line-of-Sight-Mortar designs.
The integrated design team is chartered to create opportunities for the best of industry to participate in the Future Combat Systems’ manned ground vehicle program through competition at the subsystem and component level. It will leverage the government technology base to develop FCS manned vehicle systems with a high degree of commonality and modularity. An open architecture approach for the FCS vehicle systems will facilitate technology insertion and spiral development.
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency currently manages the FCS concept and technology development phase of the program. Following entry into the Systems Design and Development phase, the U.S. Army Program Executive Officer for Ground Combat Systems will take responsibility for systems integration, production, fielding and sustainment. The Army plans for FCS first unit equipped in 2008 and initial operational capability in 2010.[em02]
路过，顶一下。
他可没空给你翻这个。我把手上的东西翻译完要是没有人翻译我在来翻译吧。
比较专业哈
看是看得懂但要翻出来就难鸟
还是高手来吧
看是看得懂但要翻出来就难鸟
还是高手来吧
够专业！
那个高手来翻一下？
那个高手来翻一下？
太专业了，我翻译不好！[em04]
General Dynamics Land Systems ---> 通用动力公司地面系统分部
United Defense Limited ---〉联合防务有限公司
Future Combat Systems（FCS） ---〉未来战斗系统
System Integrator ---〉系统集成商
Systems Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase ---〉系统开发与验证阶段
concept and technology development phase ---〉概念和技术开发阶段
Non-Line-of-Sight-Cannon/Mortar/System ---〉 非瞄准线加农炮/迫击炮/系统
Mounted Combat System（MCS） ---〉车载作战系统
Low Rate Initial Production phase（LRU） ---〉小批量试生产阶段
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency（DARPA） ---〉国防高级研究计划局
initial operational capability ---〉初始作战能力
U.S. Army Program Executive Officer ---〉美国陆军（此项目的）项目执行官
都TMD的是些“官话”，要常读美军那些官僚报告的人才能翻译得好。
United Defense Limited ---〉联合防务有限公司
Future Combat Systems（FCS） ---〉未来战斗系统
System Integrator ---〉系统集成商
Systems Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase ---〉系统开发与验证阶段
concept and technology development phase ---〉概念和技术开发阶段
Non-Line-of-Sight-Cannon/Mortar/System ---〉 非瞄准线加农炮/迫击炮/系统
Mounted Combat System（MCS） ---〉车载作战系统
Low Rate Initial Production phase（LRU） ---〉小批量试生产阶段
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency（DARPA） ---〉国防高级研究计划局
initial operational capability ---〉初始作战能力
U.S. Army Program Executive Officer ---〉美国陆军（此项目的）项目执行官
都TMD的是些“官话”，要常读美军那些官僚报告的人才能翻译得好。
支持一下
谁能告诉我attain document是什么意思啊．这个好像是美国1986年军事演习的一个代号，thanks!!!
Attain Document.其实更准确的说是一次军事行动。那是美国1986年对利比亚的空袭行动的总代号。Attain的意思是获取、抵达，Document的意思是文件。但是我没查到期准确的中文译名。以下是美国海军有关这次行动的资料。
Operation Attain Document
Tensions between the two countries mounted after the hijacking of a TWA airliner at Beirut in July 1985 and bombing attacks at American airline counters at Rome and Vienna in December of that year. Qadhafi was implicated in these actions through his patronage of the alleged perpetrator, the Palestinian terrorist Abu Nidal. The Libyans also began installing batteries of SA-5 missiles acquired from the Soviet Union in late 1985, along with associated radar, to augment their air defense capabilities. United States naval vessels continued to challenge Qadhafi's claim to the Gulf of Sidra, periodically crossing the line of Libyan territorial claim, which he came to refer to as the "line of death"
Following the terrorist attacks on 27 December 1985 in the Rome and Vienna airports, a series of Freedom of Navigation operations in the Gulf of Sidra (Operations in the Vicinity of Libya, OVL) were approved. Code-named `Attain Document,' the first two (26-30 January and 12-15 February) occurred without incident. Three carrier task forces of the Sixth Fleet with 225 aircraft assembled off the Libyan coast for maneuvers in March 1986.
During `Attain Document III (23-29 March 1986), two SA-5 missiles were shot at U.S. aircraft by a SAM Site on 24 March. Over the next 16 hours, two Libyan patrol boats were sunk by USN aircraft.
Shortly before 8:00 a.m. (EST) on March 24, two SA - 5 surface-to-air missiles were fired at U.S. aircraft flying over the high seas in the Gulf of Sidra from a Libyan missile installation in the vicinity of Sirte on the northern Libyan coast. During the course of the next few hours, several surface-to-air missiles were fired at U.S. aircraft operating over the high seas. A total of six SA-5s were launched from the new missile base at Surt against American aircraft. None was hit, however, because the SA-5, with a range of 240 kilometers, could threaten high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft over the Gulf of Sidra but was relatively ineffective against high-performance jet fighters.
Subsequently, the missile site was put out of action by carrier-based A-6 Intruders firing High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missiles (HARMs), that homed in on the Libyans' radar guidance signals. At approximately 3:00 p.m. (EST) these missile installations again activated their target-acquisition radars with the evident objective of firing upon U.S. aircraft. Two HARM air-to-surface missiles were thereupon fired by a US Navy A-7 aircraft, apparently resulting in the destruction of the radars controlling the missile battery. After a short outage, the radar returned to active status and still posed a threat to U.S. forces. At 6:47 p.m., A-7 aircraft again fired two HARM missiles at the SA-5 radar at Sirte. After another short outage, the radar returned to active status.
A second strike followed the next day to knock out a replacement radar unit. Although Soviet technicians were believed to be present to oversee the installation and operation of the SA-5 batteries, none was reported injured in the exchanges.
A total of five attacks was carried out on Libyan ships. The most serious loss for the Libyans was one of the eight Soviet-supplied Nanuchka-class missile corvettes in an attack by two A-6s shortly after midnight on March 26. The Libyan missile patrol boat equipped with surface-to-surface missiles came within missile range of US ships on the high seas well away from the Libyan coast. The U.S. commander determined, in light of the Libyan attacks on U.S. aircraft, that this vessel was hostile and therefore ordered U.S. aircraft to engage it. At approximately 2:00 p.m. (EST), U.S. Navy A-6 aircraft fired two Harpoon missiles, which struck and heavily damaged the Libyan vessel.
At approximately 4:30 p.m. (EST), a second Libyan patrol boat approached U.S. forces, and was driven off by U.S. Navy aircraft. Shortly after 6:00 p.m. (EST), a third Libyan patrol craft approached the USS YORKTOWN at a high rate of speed; the YORKTOWN fired two Harpoon missiles, which hit the Libyan craft.
At the same time, a French-built Combattante-class missile attack craft was destroyed when it approached United States Navy ships protecting the aircraft carriers. Shortly after 12:20 a.m. (EST) on March 25, U.S. Navy A-6 aircraft armed with Harpoon missiles attacked another Libyan craft, apparently resulting in the sinking of that vessel. All U.S. aircraft returned safely to their carriers, and no casualties or damage were suffered by U.S. forces. The extent of Libyan casualties is not known.[em27]
Operation Attain Document
Tensions between the two countries mounted after the hijacking of a TWA airliner at Beirut in July 1985 and bombing attacks at American airline counters at Rome and Vienna in December of that year. Qadhafi was implicated in these actions through his patronage of the alleged perpetrator, the Palestinian terrorist Abu Nidal. The Libyans also began installing batteries of SA-5 missiles acquired from the Soviet Union in late 1985, along with associated radar, to augment their air defense capabilities. United States naval vessels continued to challenge Qadhafi's claim to the Gulf of Sidra, periodically crossing the line of Libyan territorial claim, which he came to refer to as the "line of death"
Following the terrorist attacks on 27 December 1985 in the Rome and Vienna airports, a series of Freedom of Navigation operations in the Gulf of Sidra (Operations in the Vicinity of Libya, OVL) were approved. Code-named `Attain Document,' the first two (26-30 January and 12-15 February) occurred without incident. Three carrier task forces of the Sixth Fleet with 225 aircraft assembled off the Libyan coast for maneuvers in March 1986.
During `Attain Document III (23-29 March 1986), two SA-5 missiles were shot at U.S. aircraft by a SAM Site on 24 March. Over the next 16 hours, two Libyan patrol boats were sunk by USN aircraft.
Shortly before 8:00 a.m. (EST) on March 24, two SA - 5 surface-to-air missiles were fired at U.S. aircraft flying over the high seas in the Gulf of Sidra from a Libyan missile installation in the vicinity of Sirte on the northern Libyan coast. During the course of the next few hours, several surface-to-air missiles were fired at U.S. aircraft operating over the high seas. A total of six SA-5s were launched from the new missile base at Surt against American aircraft. None was hit, however, because the SA-5, with a range of 240 kilometers, could threaten high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft over the Gulf of Sidra but was relatively ineffective against high-performance jet fighters.
Subsequently, the missile site was put out of action by carrier-based A-6 Intruders firing High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missiles (HARMs), that homed in on the Libyans' radar guidance signals. At approximately 3:00 p.m. (EST) these missile installations again activated their target-acquisition radars with the evident objective of firing upon U.S. aircraft. Two HARM air-to-surface missiles were thereupon fired by a US Navy A-7 aircraft, apparently resulting in the destruction of the radars controlling the missile battery. After a short outage, the radar returned to active status and still posed a threat to U.S. forces. At 6:47 p.m., A-7 aircraft again fired two HARM missiles at the SA-5 radar at Sirte. After another short outage, the radar returned to active status.
A second strike followed the next day to knock out a replacement radar unit. Although Soviet technicians were believed to be present to oversee the installation and operation of the SA-5 batteries, none was reported injured in the exchanges.
A total of five attacks was carried out on Libyan ships. The most serious loss for the Libyans was one of the eight Soviet-supplied Nanuchka-class missile corvettes in an attack by two A-6s shortly after midnight on March 26. The Libyan missile patrol boat equipped with surface-to-surface missiles came within missile range of US ships on the high seas well away from the Libyan coast. The U.S. commander determined, in light of the Libyan attacks on U.S. aircraft, that this vessel was hostile and therefore ordered U.S. aircraft to engage it. At approximately 2:00 p.m. (EST), U.S. Navy A-6 aircraft fired two Harpoon missiles, which struck and heavily damaged the Libyan vessel.
At approximately 4:30 p.m. (EST), a second Libyan patrol boat approached U.S. forces, and was driven off by U.S. Navy aircraft. Shortly after 6:00 p.m. (EST), a third Libyan patrol craft approached the USS YORKTOWN at a high rate of speed; the YORKTOWN fired two Harpoon missiles, which hit the Libyan craft.
At the same time, a French-built Combattante-class missile attack craft was destroyed when it approached United States Navy ships protecting the aircraft carriers. Shortly after 12:20 a.m. (EST) on March 25, U.S. Navy A-6 aircraft armed with Harpoon missiles attacked another Libyan craft, apparently resulting in the sinking of that vessel. All U.S. aircraft returned safely to their carriers, and no casualties or damage were suffered by U.S. forces. The extent of Libyan casualties is not known.[em27]
以下是一些有关此次行动的中文资料。
1986年3-4月，美国空袭利比亚的作战行动。1969 年，O.M.Al-卡扎菲发动政变并出任利比亚革命指挥委员会主席后，推行亲苏反美的外交政策，先后收回美在利的空军基地，废除同美签订的军事和经济技术协定。1981年，美、利断交。1985年6月，美环球航空公司飞机被劫。12月，罗马机场和维也纳机场遭袭击。美指责利比亚策划恐怖活动,决意对利实施打击。1986年3月14日,R.里根总统召集会议制订代号为"草原烈火"的行动计划。24日1时，美第6舰队3艘战舰和100多架飞机以演习为名，越过利宣布的位于北纬 32°30′的"死亡线"，进入苏尔特湾活动。利军发射6枚防空导弹无一命中，起飞2架战机遭拦截返回。21时26分，美机开始空袭，先后发射空舰导弹和反雷达导弹12枚,击沉利导弹艇5艘，摧毁苏尔特附近导弹基地。4月5日，西柏林一夜总会被炸，45名美军官兵伤亡。9日，里根再次召集会议，决定对利军事目标实施代号"黄金峡谷"的第二次空袭。14日19时13分开始，80余架美机先后从英国和地中海的2艘航母上起飞,于15日2时许分4个波次对的黎波里和班加西及附近的5个军事目标进行袭击，投弹约100吨，严重摧毁卡扎菲的指挥部、2个机场、1个港口和1个训练基地，炸毁飞机14架，炸死、炸伤700多人；美机1架被击落。美国空袭利比亚开创了高技术战争的先例。其特点是：仅对军事目标进行"外科手术"式打击；周密计划，统一指挥，集结大量舰只、飞机，形成对利作战绝对优势；使用先进的电子战飞机、反辐射导弹和激光制导炸弹等精确制导武器，掌握战区制海、制空和制电磁权；袭击时间短促,完成任务后迅速撤离。
不过Attain Document好像和此帖无关，感兴趣的朋友可以开个新帖讨论。[em27]
1986年3-4月，美国空袭利比亚的作战行动。1969 年，O.M.Al-卡扎菲发动政变并出任利比亚革命指挥委员会主席后，推行亲苏反美的外交政策，先后收回美在利的空军基地，废除同美签订的军事和经济技术协定。1981年，美、利断交。1985年6月，美环球航空公司飞机被劫。12月，罗马机场和维也纳机场遭袭击。美指责利比亚策划恐怖活动,决意对利实施打击。1986年3月14日,R.里根总统召集会议制订代号为"草原烈火"的行动计划。24日1时，美第6舰队3艘战舰和100多架飞机以演习为名，越过利宣布的位于北纬 32°30′的"死亡线"，进入苏尔特湾活动。利军发射6枚防空导弹无一命中，起飞2架战机遭拦截返回。21时26分，美机开始空袭，先后发射空舰导弹和反雷达导弹12枚,击沉利导弹艇5艘，摧毁苏尔特附近导弹基地。4月5日，西柏林一夜总会被炸，45名美军官兵伤亡。9日，里根再次召集会议，决定对利军事目标实施代号"黄金峡谷"的第二次空袭。14日19时13分开始，80余架美机先后从英国和地中海的2艘航母上起飞,于15日2时许分4个波次对的黎波里和班加西及附近的5个军事目标进行袭击，投弹约100吨，严重摧毁卡扎菲的指挥部、2个机场、1个港口和1个训练基地，炸毁飞机14架，炸死、炸伤700多人；美机1架被击落。美国空袭利比亚开创了高技术战争的先例。其特点是：仅对军事目标进行"外科手术"式打击；周密计划，统一指挥，集结大量舰只、飞机，形成对利作战绝对优势；使用先进的电子战飞机、反辐射导弹和激光制导炸弹等精确制导武器，掌握战区制海、制空和制电磁权；袭击时间短促,完成任务后迅速撤离。
不过Attain Document好像和此帖无关，感兴趣的朋友可以开个新帖讨论。[em27]
<P>牛人太多，我隐</P>
[B]以下是引用[I]最伟大的民间科学家[/I]在2005-9-21 4:53:00的发言：[/B][BR]General Dynamics Land Systems ---> 通用动力公司地面系统分部
United Defense Limited ---〉联合防务有限公司
Future Combat Systems（FCS） ---〉未来战斗系统
System Integrator ---〉系统集成商
Systems Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase ---〉系统开发与验证阶段
concept and technology development phase ---〉概念和技术开发阶段
Non-Line-of-Sight-Cannon/Mortar/System ---〉 非瞄准线加农炮/迫击炮/系统
Mounted Combat System（MCS） ---〉车载作战系统
Low Rate Initial Production phase（LRU） ---〉小批量试生产阶段
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency（DARPA） ---〉国防高级研究计划局
initial operational capability ---〉初始作战能力
U.S. Army Program Executive Officer ---〉美国陆军（此项目的）项目执行官
都TMD的是些“官话”，要常读美军那些官僚报告的人才能翻译得好。
[em10]辛苦了！
通用动力土地系统和团结的防御有限合伙由波音选择了SAIC, 未来作战系统主角系统集成商, 形成一个联合设计小组为FCS 节目的供以人员的地面车部份。 联合设计小组的形成将减少风险, 并且支持军队的进取的时间安排通过设计努力为准备一个系统开发和示范决定在2003 年5月。 <br/>未来作战系统, 军队的旗舰变革节目, 是系统一个网络的"系统" 那用途先进的通信和技术集成战士与"家庭" 人和怯弱的平台和传感器。 这高度敏捷和致死的作战力量将提供作战形成必需履行军队的视觉为客观力量。 <br/>主角系统集成商, 工作在与军队和DARPA 的合作, 有对FCS 节目的总系统综合化责任。 他们是负责任的fo
<p></p><p> 楼上精通俄语和英语啊。</p>