美媒：中国庆祝另一个伟大的山寨

中国庆祝另一个伟大的山寨
China Celebrates Another Grand Theft
作者:roc
译文简介:
2013年1月3日：中国官方公布了其俄罗斯苏30-MK2的仿制品，命名为J-16，声称是中国自主设计。去年歼-16的未授权图片大量曝光，证实了J16就是苏30-mk2的仿制品。至少24架J-16已经制造完成，正在移交中国海军。
译文来源:
原文链接：h ttp://w ww.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/articles/20130103.aspx
原创翻译：龙腾网 w ww.ltaaa.com 翻译：roc 转载请注明出处
正文翻译:
原创翻译：龙腾网 ww w.ltaaa.com 翻译：roc 转载请注明出处
本帖论坛地址：h ttp://w ww.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-127963-1-1.html


                           龙腾网配图：J-16

January 3, 2013: China has officially revealed its copy of the Russian Su-30MK2 and is calling it the J-16, claiming that the aircraft is of Chinese design. Many unauthorized pictures of the J-16 have shown up in the past year. These made it clear that the J-16 was a copy of the Russian Su-30MK2. At least 24 J-16s have been built and are being delivered to the Chinese Navy.

2013年1月3日：中国官方公布了其俄罗斯苏30-MK2的仿制品，命名为J-16，声称是中国自主设计。去年歼-16的未授权图片大量曝光，证实了J16就是苏30-mk2的仿制品。至少24架J-16已经制造完成，正在移交中国海军。

Russia and China jointly developed the two seat version of the Su-30, as the Su-30MKK in the late 1990s, and, a decade ago, an upgraded version (the Su-30MK2). China has received about a hundred legal Su-30MK2s but now nearly identical J-16s are showing up. Russia is not amused or fooled.

俄罗斯和中国曾经联合研制了双座型苏-30，90年代末的苏-30MKK，还有十年前的升级版(su-30MK2)。中国从合法渠道得到了大约一百架苏30-MK2，但是最近一模一样的J-16却出现了。俄罗斯不是好愚弄的。

This kind of blatant technology theft is nothing new. The Chinese J-11 jet fighter is an illegal Chinese copy of the Russian Su-27. This plagiarism has been a source of friction between Russia and China for nearly a decade. It all began, legally, in 1995, when China paid $2.5 billion for the right to build 200 Su-27s. Russia would supply engines and electronics, with China building the other components according to Russian plans and specifications. But after 95 of the Chinese built aircraft were built Russia cancelled the agreement. They claimed that China was using the knowledge acquired with this Su-27 program to build their own copy of the Su-27, the J-11. Russia kept the piracy issue quiet for as long as it could and warned the Chinese that simply copying Russian technology would produce an inferior aircraft. Apparently the Chinese did not agree and are continuing their work on the J-11, using only, what they claim, is Chinese technology.

这种明目张胆技术偷窃并非没有先例。中国的J-11就是俄罗斯苏-27的非法仿制品。这种剽窃引发的中俄矛盾长达十年。这一切开始于1995年，中国花费25亿美元用于合法制造200架苏-27，俄罗斯的计划和要求是俄方提供发动机和电子设备，中方制造其他部件。但是在中国制造95架之后，俄方终止了协议。俄方声称中方正在利用掌握的苏-27的技术制造其仿制品，J-11。俄罗斯对这种侵权保持沉默，以此警告中国仿制只会生产出劣质的飞机。显然中国并不赞同，继续制造J-11，使用他们声称的所谓的中国技术。

The J-11 is believed to now include better electronics and some other Chinese design modifications. China can manufacture most of the components of the J-11, the one major element it must import are the engines. China believes it will be free from dependence on Russia for military jet engines within the next 5-10 years. Currently, China imports two Russian engines, the $3.5 million AL-31 (for the Su-27/30, J-11, J-10) and the $2.5 million RD-93 (a version of the MiG-29s RD-33) for the JF-17 (an F-16 type aircraft developed in cooperation with Pakistan). Despite the ongoing technology theft dispute, Russia still sells jet engines to China for its illegal copies of Russian aircraft. China agreed, in 2008, to stop stealing Russian military tech but went on to ignore that agreement and deny that it had reneged on its promise to stop the tech theft.

现在普遍认为J-11拥有更好的电子设备和其他中国改良设计。中国可以制造J-11的绝大大数部件，除了重要的部件发动机必须进口。中国坚信再过5~10年将会摆脱对俄军用喷气发动机的依赖。最近，中国进口了两种俄罗斯发动机，35亿美元的AL-31（用于苏-27/30,J-11,J-10）和24亿美元的RD-93（RD-33的一种）用于JF-17（类似F-16,于巴基斯坦合作开发）.尽管技术剽窃争议持续，俄罗斯还是将发动机卖给中国用于其非法制造的仿制品。中国在2008年同意停止剽窃俄罗斯军用技术，但是继续无视协议，并且否认违反了停止技术剽窃的承诺。

The Su-30MK2 is a 34 ton fighter-bomber similar to the American F-15E. The Su-30MK2 can carry 8 tons of smart bombs and missiles. It can be refueled in the air and is equipped to operate over land and open water. The Chinese Navy is operating 24 Su-30MK2s and some of the J-16s that have already been built.

苏-30MK2是一种34吨的战斗轰炸机，类似于F15E。苏30-MK2可以携带8吨的智能炸弹和导弹。可以进行空中授油，对地和对海打击。中国海军拥有24架苏-30MK2，还制造了一些J16。

China also has a stealthy version (J-17) of the Su-27. There is also an aircraft carrier version of the Su-30 (the Su-33, obtained from Ukraine) that is now being produced as the J-15. China insists these are all Chinese designs that just happen to bear some resemblance to Russian fighters. In response, Russia had halted (for nearly a decade) combat aircraft sales to China but still sold jet engines for these aircraft. So far China has been unsuccessful in building copies of these engines. The engine sales are too lucrative to pass up, as they enable the Russian engine manufacturers to continue developing new designs. The Chinese plan to steal these as soon as they figure out how to handle the exotic manufacturing methods and skills required to build these engines.

中国还有一种隐身版的苏-27。以及正在生产的苏-30的（苏-33，从乌克兰得到）舰载型，也就是正在生产的J-15.中国强调其完全自主设计，只是碰巧与俄罗斯战斗机有些类似。作为回应，俄罗斯停止了（已经十年了）销售作战飞机给中国，但是仍然为这些仿制品提供发动机。中国的发动机仿制工作至今不成功。发动机销售利润巨大，难以错过，因此他们允许俄罗斯发动机制造商继续研发新型号。一旦知道了制造发动机的特殊方法和技巧，中国会立刻开始窃取技术。

Recently, after years of negotiating, especially over how to prevent technology theft, Russia agreed to sell China 48 Su-35BM fighter-bombers. This aircraft is the latest version of the Su-27 design, with a more robust airframe (good for 6,000 flight hours) and better maneuverability and reliability. It’s unclear if the Chinese are also going to get all the improved electronics.

最近，经过几年的谈判，特别是关于如何阻止技术剽窃，俄罗斯同意销售48架苏-35BM给中国。苏-35BM是苏-27的最新改进型号，拥有更坚固的机身（超过6000小时飞行时间），更好的操作性和可靠性。中国是否能得到所有改良的电子设备仍然未知。

The long negotiations were the result of Russia seeking ways to halt unauthorized Chinese copying and production of the Su-35BM. This proved very difficult, especially since Russia and China are supposed to be allies these days. Earlier this year this deal was stalled because China refused to allow a "no unauthorized duplication" clause in the contract. The Chinese wanted to buy the Su-35s but were not willing to sign a binding agreement to not copy the Russian design. That appears to have changed, although just how enforceable this is remains to be seen.

造成长久谈判的原因是俄方一直在寻求方法，如何禁止中国生产未授权的苏-35-BM及其仿制品。事实证明这很困难，特别最近中俄双方被看成是盟友。今年早些时候，这项交易曾被终止，因为中国了拒绝了合同中的“禁止生产未授权的仿制品”的条款。中方希望购买苏-35但是不愿签署禁止仿制这个约束性条约。这似乎已经改变了，但能否执行，还有待观察。中国庆祝另一个伟大的山寨
China Celebrates Another Grand Theft
作者:roc
译文简介:
2013年1月3日：中国官方公布了其俄罗斯苏30-MK2的仿制品，命名为J-16，声称是中国自主设计。去年歼-16的未授权图片大量曝光，证实了J16就是苏30-mk2的仿制品。至少24架J-16已经制造完成，正在移交中国海军。
译文来源:
原文链接：h ttp://w ww.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/articles/20130103.aspx
原创翻译：龙腾网 w ww.ltaaa.com 翻译：roc 转载请注明出处
正文翻译:
原创翻译：龙腾网 ww w.ltaaa.com 翻译：roc 转载请注明出处
本帖论坛地址：h ttp://w ww.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-127963-1-1.html


                           龙腾网配图：J-16

January 3, 2013: China has officially revealed its copy of the Russian Su-30MK2 and is calling it the J-16, claiming that the aircraft is of Chinese design. Many unauthorized pictures of the J-16 have shown up in the past year. These made it clear that the J-16 was a copy of the Russian Su-30MK2. At least 24 J-16s have been built and are being delivered to the Chinese Navy.

2013年1月3日：中国官方公布了其俄罗斯苏30-MK2的仿制品，命名为J-16，声称是中国自主设计。去年歼-16的未授权图片大量曝光，证实了J16就是苏30-mk2的仿制品。至少24架J-16已经制造完成，正在移交中国海军。

Russia and China jointly developed the two seat version of the Su-30, as the Su-30MKK in the late 1990s, and, a decade ago, an upgraded version (the Su-30MK2). China has received about a hundred legal Su-30MK2s but now nearly identical J-16s are showing up. Russia is not amused or fooled.

俄罗斯和中国曾经联合研制了双座型苏-30，90年代末的苏-30MKK，还有十年前的升级版(su-30MK2)。中国从合法渠道得到了大约一百架苏30-MK2，但是最近一模一样的J-16却出现了。俄罗斯不是好愚弄的。

This kind of blatant technology theft is nothing new. The Chinese J-11 jet fighter is an illegal Chinese copy of the Russian Su-27. This plagiarism has been a source of friction between Russia and China for nearly a decade. It all began, legally, in 1995, when China paid $2.5 billion for the right to build 200 Su-27s. Russia would supply engines and electronics, with China building the other components according to Russian plans and specifications. But after 95 of the Chinese built aircraft were built Russia cancelled the agreement. They claimed that China was using the knowledge acquired with this Su-27 program to build their own copy of the Su-27, the J-11. Russia kept the piracy issue quiet for as long as it could and warned the Chinese that simply copying Russian technology would produce an inferior aircraft. Apparently the Chinese did not agree and are continuing their work on the J-11, using only, what they claim, is Chinese technology.

这种明目张胆技术偷窃并非没有先例。中国的J-11就是俄罗斯苏-27的非法仿制品。这种剽窃引发的中俄矛盾长达十年。这一切开始于1995年，中国花费25亿美元用于合法制造200架苏-27，俄罗斯的计划和要求是俄方提供发动机和电子设备，中方制造其他部件。但是在中国制造95架之后，俄方终止了协议。俄方声称中方正在利用掌握的苏-27的技术制造其仿制品，J-11。俄罗斯对这种侵权保持沉默，以此警告中国仿制只会生产出劣质的飞机。显然中国并不赞同，继续制造J-11，使用他们声称的所谓的中国技术。

The J-11 is believed to now include better electronics and some other Chinese design modifications. China can manufacture most of the components of the J-11, the one major element it must import are the engines. China believes it will be free from dependence on Russia for military jet engines within the next 5-10 years. Currently, China imports two Russian engines, the $3.5 million AL-31 (for the Su-27/30, J-11, J-10) and the $2.5 million RD-93 (a version of the MiG-29s RD-33) for the JF-17 (an F-16 type aircraft developed in cooperation with Pakistan). Despite the ongoing technology theft dispute, Russia still sells jet engines to China for its illegal copies of Russian aircraft. China agreed, in 2008, to stop stealing Russian military tech but went on to ignore that agreement and deny that it had reneged on its promise to stop the tech theft.

现在普遍认为J-11拥有更好的电子设备和其他中国改良设计。中国可以制造J-11的绝大大数部件，除了重要的部件发动机必须进口。中国坚信再过5~10年将会摆脱对俄军用喷气发动机的依赖。最近，中国进口了两种俄罗斯发动机，35亿美元的AL-31（用于苏-27/30,J-11,J-10）和24亿美元的RD-93（RD-33的一种）用于JF-17（类似F-16,于巴基斯坦合作开发）.尽管技术剽窃争议持续，俄罗斯还是将发动机卖给中国用于其非法制造的仿制品。中国在2008年同意停止剽窃俄罗斯军用技术，但是继续无视协议，并且否认违反了停止技术剽窃的承诺。

The Su-30MK2 is a 34 ton fighter-bomber similar to the American F-15E. The Su-30MK2 can carry 8 tons of smart bombs and missiles. It can be refueled in the air and is equipped to operate over land and open water. The Chinese Navy is operating 24 Su-30MK2s and some of the J-16s that have already been built.

苏-30MK2是一种34吨的战斗轰炸机，类似于F15E。苏30-MK2可以携带8吨的智能炸弹和导弹。可以进行空中授油，对地和对海打击。中国海军拥有24架苏-30MK2，还制造了一些J16。

China also has a stealthy version (J-17) of the Su-27. There is also an aircraft carrier version of the Su-30 (the Su-33, obtained from Ukraine) that is now being produced as the J-15. China insists these are all Chinese designs that just happen to bear some resemblance to Russian fighters. In response, Russia had halted (for nearly a decade) combat aircraft sales to China but still sold jet engines for these aircraft. So far China has been unsuccessful in building copies of these engines. The engine sales are too lucrative to pass up, as they enable the Russian engine manufacturers to continue developing new designs. The Chinese plan to steal these as soon as they figure out how to handle the exotic manufacturing methods and skills required to build these engines.

中国还有一种隐身版的苏-27。以及正在生产的苏-30的（苏-33，从乌克兰得到）舰载型，也就是正在生产的J-15.中国强调其完全自主设计，只是碰巧与俄罗斯战斗机有些类似。作为回应，俄罗斯停止了（已经十年了）销售作战飞机给中国，但是仍然为这些仿制品提供发动机。中国的发动机仿制工作至今不成功。发动机销售利润巨大，难以错过，因此他们允许俄罗斯发动机制造商继续研发新型号。一旦知道了制造发动机的特殊方法和技巧，中国会立刻开始窃取技术。

Recently, after years of negotiating, especially over how to prevent technology theft, Russia agreed to sell China 48 Su-35BM fighter-bombers. This aircraft is the latest version of the Su-27 design, with a more robust airframe (good for 6,000 flight hours) and better maneuverability and reliability. It’s unclear if the Chinese are also going to get all the improved electronics.

最近，经过几年的谈判，特别是关于如何阻止技术剽窃，俄罗斯同意销售48架苏-35BM给中国。苏-35BM是苏-27的最新改进型号，拥有更坚固的机身（超过6000小时飞行时间），更好的操作性和可靠性。中国是否能得到所有改良的电子设备仍然未知。

The long negotiations were the result of Russia seeking ways to halt unauthorized Chinese copying and production of the Su-35BM. This proved very difficult, especially since Russia and China are supposed to be allies these days. Earlier this year this deal was stalled because China refused to allow a "no unauthorized duplication" clause in the contract. The Chinese wanted to buy the Su-35s but were not willing to sign a binding agreement to not copy the Russian design. That appears to have changed, although just how enforceable this is remains to be seen.

造成长久谈判的原因是俄方一直在寻求方法，如何禁止中国生产未授权的苏-35-BM及其仿制品。事实证明这很困难，特别最近中俄双方被看成是盟友。今年早些时候，这项交易曾被终止，因为中国了拒绝了合同中的“禁止生产未授权的仿制品”的条款。中方希望购买苏-35但是不愿签署禁止仿制这个约束性条约。这似乎已经改变了，但能否执行，还有待观察。