超级军网中国即将进行DN-2(动能-2)反卫星武器试验
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/29 17:23:10
译文简介:
美国情报：美国大选之后，中国将进行威力强大的可以摧毁GPS和间谍卫星的反卫星武器试验
译文来源:
原创翻译：龙腾网 翻译：壤东之子 转载请注明出处
原题：China toShoot at High Frontier
副标：U.S.Intelligence: China to conduct test of more powerful anti-satellite weaponcapable of hitting GPS, spy satellites, but after U.S. election
原作者：BillGertz
中文：中国向“高边疆”进发
副标：美国情报：美国大选之后，中国将进行威力强大的可以摧毁GPS和间谍卫星的反卫星武器试验
发表时间：October16, 2012 5:00 am
说明：作者BillGertz，华盛顿邮报记者，本文发布在博客网站-“华盛顿自由灯塔”上，前段时间，该作者还在该网站发表过有关“东风4连射”的博文。译者对文中内容与观点不持立场，仅如实翻译。如有错误，烦请指出。本文龙腾首发，转载时请保持文章完整性，谢谢！
以下正文
China’s military is set to conduct a testof a new and more capable anti-satellite missile that United Statesintelligence agencies say can knock out strategic satellites in high-earthorbit, according to U.S. officials.
美国官员称，中国军方将进行一项具有更强能力的新型反卫星导弹的试验，据美国情报机构称，这型导弹可以摧毁位于高地球轨道的战略卫星。
However, a recent intelligence assessmentsaid the test of the Dong Ning-2 direct ascentanti-satellite (ASAT) weapon is being delayed in an apparent effort to avoidupsetting President Barack Obama’s reelection bid, said officials who spoke oncondition of anonymity.
然而，要求匿名的官员称，据最近一项情报评估称，DN-2(动能-2)直升式反卫星武器试验已被推迟，这一举动很显然是为了避免给正在竞选连任的美国总统奥巴马造成不安。
Intelligence reports from September andthis month revealed China will test fire the new DN-2 missile from a groundbase sometime in early to mid-November.
9月和10月的情报报告显示，中国将在11月中旬的某一天，从陆上基地试射这一新型的DN-2导弹。
The missile is described by intelligenceagencies as a high-earth orbit interceptor designed to destroy satellites byramming them at high speeds. The intelligence reports called the new missile astrategically significant counterspace weapon, said the officials familiar withthe reports.
这型导弹被情报机构描述为“高地球轨道拦截者”，设计用高速撞击的方式来摧毁卫星。据熟悉这些情报报告的官员说，报告认为这一新型导弹堪称具有重大战略意义的太空反制武器。
Testing a high-earth orbit anti-satellitemissile would represent a major advance in China’s satellite-killingcapability, which has been underway for more than a decade.High-earth orbit, also known as geosynchronous orbit, is the location of majorcommunications and navigation satellites, which orbit at a distance of between12,000 miles and 22,236 miles from earth.
测试“高地球轨道的反卫星导弹”反映了中国“猎杀卫星”的能力在经过十年的努力之后，取得很大进展。“高地球轨道”，又称为“地球同步轨道”，距地球的高度在12，000英里至22，236英里之间，大部分的通信卫星和导航卫星都位于该轨道上。
China’s last ASAT test in 2007 destroyed alow-earth orbit weather satellite about 558 miles in space, causing an orbitingdebris field of tens of thousands of pieces of metal that U.S. officials saywill threaten orbiting satellites and human space travelers for100 years.
中国最近一次进行的反卫星武器试验是在2007年，摧毁了距离地球高度558英里的近地轨道上的一颗气象卫星，并产生了数以万计的轨道碎片，美国官员称，这些碎片将会对在轨运行的卫星和人类太空旅行者造成持续百年的威胁。
U.S. officials said it is unlikely Chinawill conduct an impact test of a kinetic kill vehicle against an aging weathersatellite as occurred in 2007, although the possibility of a second,major debris-causing test cannot be ruled out.
美国官员说，中国不太可能以2007年的方式，进行动能拦截器撞击老化气象卫星的冲击试验，然而以主要测试“碎片制造能力”为目的，再次进行此类试验的可能性不能被排除。
Instead, officials said the test mostlikely will be a demonstration of a precision-guided direct ascent missileflying out tens of thousands of miles.
相反地，美国官员称，此次试验最有可能会是用来展示一种可以飞到数万英里之外，精确制导的直升式导弹的能力。
“If the United States loses the strategic high ground of high-earthorbit [from a Chinese high-altitude ASAT missile], we are in real trouble,”said one U.S. official.
一位美国官员说，“如果美国失去了高地球轨道上的战略有利地位（由于中国的高空反卫星导弹），那我们就真的有麻烦了。”
U.S. Global Positioning System satellites,used for both navigation and precision missile guidance, are located inmedium-earth orbit, or about 12,000 miles, and thus would be vulnerable to thenew DN-2.
美国同时用于导航和导弹精确引导的全球卫星定位系统（GPS）的卫星，位于距离地球高度12，000英里的中地球轨道上，因此很容易受到DN-2导弹的攻击。
Whether or not the test is successful,development of the new high-altitude DN-2 ASAT reveals that China’s military isplanning for future high-orbit space warfare despite seeking internationalagreements banning weapons in space.
无论此次试验成功与否，新型DN-2高空反卫星武器的发展表明了尽管中国军方在谋求禁止太空武器的国际协议，但已经在为未来的高轨道太空战制定计划。
China’s January 2007 ASAT test drewprotests from the United States and other spacefaring nations, who saw it as amajor threat to satellites used for both military and civilian purposes. Thattest also produced tens of thousands of pieces of space debris which threatensatellites.
中国2007年一月进行的反卫星武器试验，引起了美国和其他航天国家的抗议，这些国家认为试验是对其军民两用卫星的重大威胁。那次试验也产生了数以万计的空间碎片，会对卫星造成威胁。
A second possibility is the DN-2 missiletest will be fired against a target missile, as occurred in 2010 as part of ajoint Chinese ASAT-missile defense test.
第二种可能性是，DN-2导弹测试将会针对目标导弹进行发射，此种方式作为中国联合反卫星导弹防御测试的一部分，在2010年进行过测试。
Pentagon spokesmen declined to comment onthe DN-2 ASAT program.
五角大楼发言人拒绝对DN-2反卫星武器项目发表评论。
Michael Pillsbury, a former Reaganadministration defense policymaker, stated in a 2007 report to Congress that Chinesemilitary writers advocated covert deployment of sophisticatedanti-satellite weapons system like the kind now being developed by the People’sLiberation Army for use against the United States “in a surprise manner withoutwarning.”
前里根政府防务政策制定者MichaelPillsbury在2007年的一份国会报告中声称，中国军方作家主张隐秘部署高精度的反卫星武器系统，诸如当前解放军正在发展的用于对美国发动"无预兆奇袭"的系统。
“Even a small scale anti-satellite attack in a crisis against 50 U.S.satellites—assuming a mix of targeted military reconnaissance, navigationsatellites, and communication satellites—could have a catastrophic effect notonly on U.S. military forces, but on the U.S. civilian economy,” saidPillsbury, currently with the Hudson Institute. Chinese military writings alsohave discussed attacks on GPS satellites that are located in high-earth orbit,he stated.
当前供职于英国哈德森研究所的Pillsbury 称，“危机期间，即使仅对美国50颗卫星发动的小规模反卫星袭击（假设军事侦察卫星，导航卫星和通信卫星混杂其中），也会对美国的军力和国内经济产生灾难性的打击。”他补充道，中国军事刊物也讨论过对位于高地球轨道上的美国GPS卫星的攻击。
ASAT a top-secret program
反卫星武器：高度机密的项目
China’s anti-satellite missile system is akey element of the communist state’s growing arsenal of asymmetric warfareweapons, and remains one of Beijing’s most closelyguarded military secrets.
反卫星导弹系统是共产主义中国发展中的“非对称战争武器”的一个重要部分，同时也是北京保守最为森严的军事机密。
Defense officials have said that with asfew as 24 ASAT missiles, China could severely weaken U.S. military operationsby disrupting global communications and military logistics, as well as bylimiting celestial navigation systems used by high-technology weapons. Such anattack also would severely degrade U.S. intelligence gathering efforts againstglobal targets, a key strategic military advantage.
国防官员称，只需要24枚反卫星导弹，中国就可破坏美军的全球通信与军事后勤，限制需要天文导航系统的高科技武器，从而严重削弱美国的军事行动。此种攻击也会大幅降低美国对全球目标的情报收集能力，而这是美国关键战略优势的一部分。
A U.S. official familiar with reports ofthe ASAT test said China’s delay in conducting the test until after the Nov. 6election is a sign Beijing wants to help President Obama’s reelection campaign.“It implies they’d rather have him reelected,” said the official.
一名熟悉反卫星武器试验报告的美国官员称，中国将进行此次试验的时间推迟到11月6号的大选之后，表明了中国希望帮助奥巴马总统竞选连任。这位官员说，“这表明中国宁愿他（奥巴马）再次当选。”
The Obama administration has adoptedconciliatory policies toward China’s military buildup and its large-scale humanrights abuses. Critics say the administration also failed to hold Beijingaccountable for its unfair trade practices and currencymanipulation.
奥巴马政府对中国增强军力和大范围的人权迫害，采取了调和政策。批评家说，（奥巴马）政府同样也未能成功追究中国采用不公平的贸易规则和操纵货币的责任。
The administration’squestionable policies were revealed by a2009 State Department cable that quoted Secretary of State Hillary Clinton assaying, “How do you deal toughly with your banker?”—a reference to China’spotentially coercive leverageover the United States through its large holdings of U.S.debt securities.
（美国）国务院2009年的一份电报表明政府（对中国）的政策是有问题的，这则电报引用了国务卿希拉里-克林顿的话---“如何用强硬手段对待你的庄家？”，揭示了中国凭借手中持有的大量美国债券，对美国进行了具有胁迫性的制衡。
Richard Fisher, a Chinese military affairsspecialist, said little is known publicly of the DN-2 missile. However, theDN-2 may be China’s designation for an ASAT missile and kill vehicle combinationmounted on launchers dubbed KT-2, or KT-2A. This ASAT weapon is based on DF-31or DF-31A road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles, respectively.
中国军事事务专家RichardFisher表示，外界对DN-导弹的信息所知甚少。然而，DN-2导弹可能已被选定，将会安装在名为KT-2或者KT-2A的“反卫星导弹与拦截器组合”的发射装置上，这两种反卫星武器发射装置分别基于公路机动的洲际弹道导弹DF31（KT-2）和DF31A（KT-2A）.
“ASATs derived from the KT-2 and KT-2A space launch vehicles have thepotential to reach high earth orbits used by many strategic U.S. surveillance,communication, and navigation satellites,” said Fisher, with theInternational Assessment and Strategy Center.
（美国）国际评估和战略中心专家Fisher 说，“反卫星武器系统源自KT-2和KT-2A型太空运载火箭，具有抵达高地球轨道的潜力，而这也是美国许多的战略侦察卫星，通信卫星和导航卫星所使用的轨道。”
Fisher said in 2002, during a military showin China, the KT-2A was touted by Chinese officials as having a 2,000-kilogrampayload that could reach high-earth orbits.
Fisher称，中国在2002年进行的一次军力展示中，官员们对可以携带2000KG有效载荷到达高地球轨道的KT-2A，进行了吹捧。
“Since its appearance a decade ago, the KT series of space launchvehicles presaged what we now know, that a key Chinese strategic goal has beento deny outer space as a sanctuary to support American military operations,”Fisher said.
Fisher说，“十年前出现的KT系列太空运载火箭表明我们现在知道的情况是正确的，那就是中国一项关键的战略目标一直以来就是拒绝让外太空成为支持美军军事行动的庇护所。”
A KT-1 microsatellite launcher wasdisplayed at the Zhuhai air show in 2000, and “it was fairly obvious that thiscould become the basis for an ASAT, and it was used as the basis for the SC-19 ASATdemonstrated successfully in January 2007,” Fisher said.
2000年的珠海航展上，展示过一款KT-1微型卫星的发射装置。Fisher说，“相当明显的，这款发射装置可以成为反卫星武器的基础，随后在2007年1月成功进行的SC-19反卫星武器展示中，也是以这款发射装置作为基础的。”
Because China will not join a verifiablespace control agreement, “Washington has little choice, if it is to continue todeter China militarily, but to build far greater redundancy, passive and activedefenses for outer space,” he said.
由于中国将不会加入可核实的太空控制协议，Fisher说，“如果要阻止中国继续发展军力，华盛顿方面就得建设具有很高冗余度、被动或主动的防御系统来保护外太空，除此之外，几乎别无选择。”
China ASAT caused space debris
中国反卫星武器试验制造空间碎片
U.S. officials estimate that China’s 2007ASAT test that destroyed an aging weather satellite in low-earth orbit nowaccounts for 45 percent of all space debris in low-earth orbit.
美国官员估计，中国2007年进行的摧毁低轨道的老化气象卫星的反卫星试验，所产生的碎片现今占到低轨道上空间碎片总数的45%.
After a year of stonewalling by China onthe test, an official U.S. demarche, or protest note, was sent to Beijing inJanuary 2008. According to a copy of the note made public by Wikileaks, theprotest warned the Chinese government, “Any purposeful interference with U.S.space systems will be interpreted by the United States as an infringement ofits rights and considered an escalation in a crisis or conflict.”
在中国的试验对美国造成妨碍的一年之后，美国于2008年1月向北京方面送达了外交照会或者抗议信。根据维基泄密公布的一份抗议信副本显示，抗议信对中国政府进行了警告，“任何有意妨害美国太空系统的行为都将被美国解读为对其权利的侵犯，在危机或冲突期间会被认为是使局势扩大化的行为。”
“The United States reserves the right, consistent with the [UnitedNations] Charter and international law, to defend and protect its space systemswith a wide range of options, from diplomatic to military,” stated the protest,made by then-U.S. Ambassador to China Clark Randt.
时任美国驻华大使兰特，在给中国政府的抗议信中称，“美国保留依据联合国宪章和国际法律，采取从外交到军事范围内的各种手段，来保护和捍卫自己太空系统的权利。”
A joint State Department-Pentagon report toCongress on export controls made public in April states that China is“developing space-based methods to counter ballistic missile defenses of theUnited States and our allies, including anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons.”
4月份公布的一份由美国国务院和五角大楼联合提交给国会的报告中说到，中国“正在发展天基手段来对抗美国和我们盟友们的弹道导弹防御系统，其中包括反卫星武器。”
“As China advances in operational space capabilities, it is activelyfocusing on how to destroy, disrupt, or deny U.S. access to our own spaceassets,” the report said.
报告还写道，“由于操控太空能力的提升，使得中国更加积极地将注意力集中在如何破坏，干扰或者使美国无法利用自己的太空优势上。”
China is developing and refining its ASATweapons as part of a “multi-dimensional program to limit or prevent the use ofspace-based assets by potential adversaries during times of conflict,” thereport said.
报告写道，中国正在发展与完善自己的反卫星武器，使其作为“在冲突时，限制或阻止潜在对手利用其天基优势的“多维项目””的一部。
“In addition to the direct-ascent [missile] ASAT program, China isdeveloping other technologies and concepts for kinetic and directed energy forASAT missions,” including electronic jamming of satellite communications andlasers that disrupt satellites, the report said.
报告中称，“除直升式反卫星武器项目之外，中国也在为动能与定向能反卫星的任务，发展其他技术与设想，包括对卫星通信进行电子干扰，和用激光对卫星进行破坏。”。
ASAT weapons “have significant implicationsfor anti-access/area-denial efforts against the United States in Taiwan Straitcontingencies,” the report said. Those weapons and capabilities are beingdeveloped by China as a means to force the U.S. military out of Asian watersand territory and make it more difficult for U.S. forces to get into the regionduring a conflict, such as a defense of Taiwan. Other anti-access area denialweapons include anti-ship ballistic missiles, cyber warfare capabilities, andsubmarines.
报告中称，反卫星武器具有“在台湾海峡发生意外时，对美国实施反介入与区域封锁的重大意义。”中国正在发展的这些武器与能力，可以作为一种手段，迫使美军退出亚洲水域与领土，也会使美军更加难以介入该地区的冲突，比如说对台湾的防卫。其他的区域反介入武器包括弹道反舰导弹（如DF-21D），网络攻击能力和潜艇。
Defense Intelligence Agency director Lt.Gen. Ronald L. Burgess told Congress in February that “China successfullytested a direct ascent anti-satellite weapon (ASAT) missile and is developingjammers and directed-energy weapons for ASAT missions.”
国防情报局主任RonaldL. Burgess中将，在2月份时告诉国会说，“中国成功测试了一种直升式反卫星导弹，并正在为反卫星任务开发干扰机和定向能武器。”
Burgess said that as “a prerequisite forASAT attacks, China’s ability to track and identify satellites is enhanced bytechnologies from China’s manned and lunar programs as well as technologies andmethods developed to detect and track space debris.”
Burgess中将说，“作为反卫星武器攻击的先决条件之一，中国对卫星进行追踪和确认能力的提升，得益于来自载人航天和登月项目中的技术，也得益于在探测与追踪太空碎片中所积累的技术与方法。”
Another ASAT test by China will likelyundermine the Obama administration’s controversial space arms control proposal,introduced in January. Many in the Pentagon oppose the International Code ofConduct for Outer Space Activities over concerns it would place limits on U.S.space capabilities.
中国再次进行反卫星武器试验，很可能将会破坏奥巴马政府在2月份出台的有争议的太空军备控制方案。五角大楼很多人反对“外太空活动国际行为准则”，认为它会限制美国的太空能力。
U.S. lagging in counterspace
美国在太空反制中落后
Despite China’s continuing development ofspace weapons, the administration has done no research or development intoso-called counterspace weapons and other capabilities that could deter Chinafrom its ASAT and anti-satellite laser and jammer arms, according to militaryofficials. The opposition is based on the administration’s preference for armscontrol negotiations and agreements as a major element of its U.S. nationalsecurity policies, the officials said.
据美军官员称，尽管中国持续发展太空武器，但美国政府却尚未对所谓的“太空反制”武器和其他能力进行任何研究，这些可以阻止中国使反卫星武器，反卫星激光和卫星干扰装置。
Frank Rose, deputy assistant secretary ofstate for arms control, said in a speech in April that the space code ofconduct would include legally nonbinding “transparency and confidence-buildingmeasures.”
负责军备控制的副国务卿FrankRose在4月的一次演讲中称，太空行为准则可能包括不具法律约束力的“透明和建立信任机制。”
However, a Pentagon Joint Staff assessmentof the space code of conduct concluded that U.S. adherence to the code’sprovisions would hurt U.S. space operations in several areas.
然而，五角大楼联合参谋部在一份对“太空行为准则”的评估中得出结论称，遵守该准则的条款不会损害美国在一些领域中的太空行动。
The Pentagon’s National Security SpaceStrategy from 2011 makes little mention of counterspace weapons. It states thatU.S. policy is “to dissuade and deter” others from developing space weapons,without providing specifics.
美国五角大楼于2011年发布的《国家安全太空战略》中，很少提及太空反制武器。该战略报告中称，美国的政策是“劝阻并制止”其他国家发展太空武器，但报告中并未提供实施细节。
The Pentagon indirectly demonstrated anASAT capability in 2008 when it used a modified ship-based SM-3 anti-missileinterceptor to shoot down a falling, low-earth orbit spy satellite that wasconsidered a danger because its fuel tank might have passed through theatmosphere and landed on earth.
2008年，五角大楼通过使用改进后的海基SM-3反导弹拦截器击落一个坠落中的低地球轨道间谍卫星，从而间接证实了自己具有反卫星能力。这枚卫星被认为是十分危险的，因为其燃料箱在下降的过程中，可能会穿过大气层，降落到地面上。
Cables detail PRC’s first ASAT test
电报揭示中国首次反卫星武器试验详情
According to a classified Jan. 12, 2010,State Department cable made public by Wikileaks, China conducted its mostrecent ASAT test on Jan. 11 of that year.
维基解密公布的一份美国国务院2010年1月12日的机密电报称，中国与同年1月11日进行了最近一次的反卫星武器测试。
According to the cable, an ASAT missile designatedSC-19 was fired from China’s Korla Missile Test Complex and successfullyintercepted a CSS-X-11 medium-range ballistic missile launched from theShuangchengzi Space and Missile Center.
根据这则电报，一种名为SC-19的反卫星导弹从中国库尔勒导弹综合试验场发射，成功拦截一枚从双城子空间和导弹中心发射的CSS-X-11型中程弹道导弹。
The two missiles were tracked by U.S.missile warning satellites to an intercept point at an altitude of about 155miles in space.
美国导弹预警卫星对这两枚导弹进行了追踪，拦截交汇点位于大约155英里高的太空中。
Until then, the SC-19 had been usedpreviously to boost China’s first successful direct-ascent anti-satelliteintercept on Jan. 11, 2007, when a missile rammed into China’s FY-1C weathersatellite.
在那以前的2007年1月11日，SC-19已被成功用于中国首次直升式反卫星拦截试验中，当时导弹撞击了中国风云1号C气象卫星。
“Previous SC-19 DA-ASAT flight-tests were conducted in 2005 and2006,” the 2010 cable said. “This test is assessed to have furthered bothChinese ASAT and ballistic missile defense [BMD] technologies.”
2010年的电报称，“早先的SC-19直升式反卫星武器飞行测试分别进行于2005和2006年，据评估，这次试验同时提高了中国在反卫星武器和弹道导弹防御方面的技术。”
The cable contained a U.S. protest note toChina on the 2010 test seeking an explanation for Chinese officials about thepurpose of the test and “what steps were taken to minimize the creation oforbital debris.”
这则电报包含了美国给中国的一封关于此次试验的抗议信，信中要求中国对此次试验的目的进行解释并询问中国“采取什么步骤来将产生的轨道碎片降到最低。”
The cable said that since the 2007 ASATtest, the United States had urged China not to conduct further space weaponstests.
电报称，自中国2007年进行反卫星武器试验后，美国政府一直敦促中国不要进行更深层次的太空武器测试。
An earlier cable revealed that U.S.intelligence agencies had advance word of the 2010 space weapons test, andnoted that China was not expected to provide notification in advance of thetest, which proved accurate.
一封更早的电报透露，美国情报局在2010年的太空武器测试前就已经得到消息，并预期中国不会对此次试验进行预先通知，这在事后也被证明是准确的。
Other State Department cables revealedconflicting statements from Chinese officials on whether China planned toconduct future ASAT tests. Chinese Foreign Ministry official He Yafeiunequivocally stated to U.S. officials in June 2008 that China would notconduct future ASAT tests. In July, China Lt. Gen. Zhang Qinshengsaid there were no plans for an ASAT test in the near future.
其他美国国务院的电报表明，在中国会不会计划进行更进一步的反卫星武器测试的问题上，来自中国官员的声明是相互矛盾的。2008年6月，中国外交不官员何亚飞明确告知美国官员说，中国未来不会进行反卫星武器试验。同年7月，章钦生中将表示最近没有进行反卫星武器试验的计划。译文简介:
美国情报：美国大选之后，中国将进行威力强大的可以摧毁GPS和间谍卫星的反卫星武器试验
译文来源:
原创翻译：龙腾网 翻译：壤东之子 转载请注明出处
原题：China toShoot at High Frontier
副标：U.S.Intelligence: China to conduct test of more powerful anti-satellite weaponcapable of hitting GPS, spy satellites, but after U.S. election
原作者：BillGertz
中文：中国向“高边疆”进发
副标：美国情报：美国大选之后，中国将进行威力强大的可以摧毁GPS和间谍卫星的反卫星武器试验
发表时间：October16, 2012 5:00 am
说明：作者BillGertz，华盛顿邮报记者，本文发布在博客网站-“华盛顿自由灯塔”上，前段时间，该作者还在该网站发表过有关“东风4连射”的博文。译者对文中内容与观点不持立场，仅如实翻译。如有错误，烦请指出。本文龙腾首发，转载时请保持文章完整性，谢谢！
以下正文
China’s military is set to conduct a testof a new and more capable anti-satellite missile that United Statesintelligence agencies say can knock out strategic satellites in high-earthorbit, according to U.S. officials.
美国官员称，中国军方将进行一项具有更强能力的新型反卫星导弹的试验，据美国情报机构称，这型导弹可以摧毁位于高地球轨道的战略卫星。
However, a recent intelligence assessmentsaid the test of the Dong Ning-2 direct ascentanti-satellite (ASAT) weapon is being delayed in an apparent effort to avoidupsetting President Barack Obama’s reelection bid, said officials who spoke oncondition of anonymity.
然而，要求匿名的官员称，据最近一项情报评估称，DN-2(动能-2)直升式反卫星武器试验已被推迟，这一举动很显然是为了避免给正在竞选连任的美国总统奥巴马造成不安。
Intelligence reports from September andthis month revealed China will test fire the new DN-2 missile from a groundbase sometime in early to mid-November.
9月和10月的情报报告显示，中国将在11月中旬的某一天，从陆上基地试射这一新型的DN-2导弹。
The missile is described by intelligenceagencies as a high-earth orbit interceptor designed to destroy satellites byramming them at high speeds. The intelligence reports called the new missile astrategically significant counterspace weapon, said the officials familiar withthe reports.
这型导弹被情报机构描述为“高地球轨道拦截者”，设计用高速撞击的方式来摧毁卫星。据熟悉这些情报报告的官员说，报告认为这一新型导弹堪称具有重大战略意义的太空反制武器。
Testing a high-earth orbit anti-satellitemissile would represent a major advance in China’s satellite-killingcapability, which has been underway for more than a decade.High-earth orbit, also known as geosynchronous orbit, is the location of majorcommunications and navigation satellites, which orbit at a distance of between12,000 miles and 22,236 miles from earth.
测试“高地球轨道的反卫星导弹”反映了中国“猎杀卫星”的能力在经过十年的努力之后，取得很大进展。“高地球轨道”，又称为“地球同步轨道”，距地球的高度在12，000英里至22，236英里之间，大部分的通信卫星和导航卫星都位于该轨道上。
China’s last ASAT test in 2007 destroyed alow-earth orbit weather satellite about 558 miles in space, causing an orbitingdebris field of tens of thousands of pieces of metal that U.S. officials saywill threaten orbiting satellites and human space travelers for100 years.
中国最近一次进行的反卫星武器试验是在2007年，摧毁了距离地球高度558英里的近地轨道上的一颗气象卫星，并产生了数以万计的轨道碎片，美国官员称，这些碎片将会对在轨运行的卫星和人类太空旅行者造成持续百年的威胁。
U.S. officials said it is unlikely Chinawill conduct an impact test of a kinetic kill vehicle against an aging weathersatellite as occurred in 2007, although the possibility of a second,major debris-causing test cannot be ruled out.
美国官员说，中国不太可能以2007年的方式，进行动能拦截器撞击老化气象卫星的冲击试验，然而以主要测试“碎片制造能力”为目的，再次进行此类试验的可能性不能被排除。
Instead, officials said the test mostlikely will be a demonstration of a precision-guided direct ascent missileflying out tens of thousands of miles.
相反地，美国官员称，此次试验最有可能会是用来展示一种可以飞到数万英里之外，精确制导的直升式导弹的能力。
“If the United States loses the strategic high ground of high-earthorbit [from a Chinese high-altitude ASAT missile], we are in real trouble,”said one U.S. official.
一位美国官员说，“如果美国失去了高地球轨道上的战略有利地位（由于中国的高空反卫星导弹），那我们就真的有麻烦了。”
U.S. Global Positioning System satellites,used for both navigation and precision missile guidance, are located inmedium-earth orbit, or about 12,000 miles, and thus would be vulnerable to thenew DN-2.
美国同时用于导航和导弹精确引导的全球卫星定位系统（GPS）的卫星，位于距离地球高度12，000英里的中地球轨道上，因此很容易受到DN-2导弹的攻击。
Whether or not the test is successful,development of the new high-altitude DN-2 ASAT reveals that China’s military isplanning for future high-orbit space warfare despite seeking internationalagreements banning weapons in space.
无论此次试验成功与否，新型DN-2高空反卫星武器的发展表明了尽管中国军方在谋求禁止太空武器的国际协议，但已经在为未来的高轨道太空战制定计划。
China’s January 2007 ASAT test drewprotests from the United States and other spacefaring nations, who saw it as amajor threat to satellites used for both military and civilian purposes. Thattest also produced tens of thousands of pieces of space debris which threatensatellites.
中国2007年一月进行的反卫星武器试验，引起了美国和其他航天国家的抗议，这些国家认为试验是对其军民两用卫星的重大威胁。那次试验也产生了数以万计的空间碎片，会对卫星造成威胁。
A second possibility is the DN-2 missiletest will be fired against a target missile, as occurred in 2010 as part of ajoint Chinese ASAT-missile defense test.
第二种可能性是，DN-2导弹测试将会针对目标导弹进行发射，此种方式作为中国联合反卫星导弹防御测试的一部分，在2010年进行过测试。
Pentagon spokesmen declined to comment onthe DN-2 ASAT program.
五角大楼发言人拒绝对DN-2反卫星武器项目发表评论。
Michael Pillsbury, a former Reaganadministration defense policymaker, stated in a 2007 report to Congress that Chinesemilitary writers advocated covert deployment of sophisticatedanti-satellite weapons system like the kind now being developed by the People’sLiberation Army for use against the United States “in a surprise manner withoutwarning.”
前里根政府防务政策制定者MichaelPillsbury在2007年的一份国会报告中声称，中国军方作家主张隐秘部署高精度的反卫星武器系统，诸如当前解放军正在发展的用于对美国发动"无预兆奇袭"的系统。
“Even a small scale anti-satellite attack in a crisis against 50 U.S.satellites—assuming a mix of targeted military reconnaissance, navigationsatellites, and communication satellites—could have a catastrophic effect notonly on U.S. military forces, but on the U.S. civilian economy,” saidPillsbury, currently with the Hudson Institute. Chinese military writings alsohave discussed attacks on GPS satellites that are located in high-earth orbit,he stated.
当前供职于英国哈德森研究所的Pillsbury 称，“危机期间，即使仅对美国50颗卫星发动的小规模反卫星袭击（假设军事侦察卫星，导航卫星和通信卫星混杂其中），也会对美国的军力和国内经济产生灾难性的打击。”他补充道，中国军事刊物也讨论过对位于高地球轨道上的美国GPS卫星的攻击。
ASAT a top-secret program
反卫星武器：高度机密的项目
China’s anti-satellite missile system is akey element of the communist state’s growing arsenal of asymmetric warfareweapons, and remains one of Beijing’s most closelyguarded military secrets.
反卫星导弹系统是共产主义中国发展中的“非对称战争武器”的一个重要部分，同时也是北京保守最为森严的军事机密。
Defense officials have said that with asfew as 24 ASAT missiles, China could severely weaken U.S. military operationsby disrupting global communications and military logistics, as well as bylimiting celestial navigation systems used by high-technology weapons. Such anattack also would severely degrade U.S. intelligence gathering efforts againstglobal targets, a key strategic military advantage.
国防官员称，只需要24枚反卫星导弹，中国就可破坏美军的全球通信与军事后勤，限制需要天文导航系统的高科技武器，从而严重削弱美国的军事行动。此种攻击也会大幅降低美国对全球目标的情报收集能力，而这是美国关键战略优势的一部分。
A U.S. official familiar with reports ofthe ASAT test said China’s delay in conducting the test until after the Nov. 6election is a sign Beijing wants to help President Obama’s reelection campaign.“It implies they’d rather have him reelected,” said the official.
一名熟悉反卫星武器试验报告的美国官员称，中国将进行此次试验的时间推迟到11月6号的大选之后，表明了中国希望帮助奥巴马总统竞选连任。这位官员说，“这表明中国宁愿他（奥巴马）再次当选。”
The Obama administration has adoptedconciliatory policies toward China’s military buildup and its large-scale humanrights abuses. Critics say the administration also failed to hold Beijingaccountable for its unfair trade practices and currencymanipulation.
奥巴马政府对中国增强军力和大范围的人权迫害，采取了调和政策。批评家说，（奥巴马）政府同样也未能成功追究中国采用不公平的贸易规则和操纵货币的责任。
The administration’squestionable policies were revealed by a2009 State Department cable that quoted Secretary of State Hillary Clinton assaying, “How do you deal toughly with your banker?”—a reference to China’spotentially coercive leverageover the United States through its large holdings of U.S.debt securities.
（美国）国务院2009年的一份电报表明政府（对中国）的政策是有问题的，这则电报引用了国务卿希拉里-克林顿的话---“如何用强硬手段对待你的庄家？”，揭示了中国凭借手中持有的大量美国债券，对美国进行了具有胁迫性的制衡。
Richard Fisher, a Chinese military affairsspecialist, said little is known publicly of the DN-2 missile. However, theDN-2 may be China’s designation for an ASAT missile and kill vehicle combinationmounted on launchers dubbed KT-2, or KT-2A. This ASAT weapon is based on DF-31or DF-31A road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles, respectively.
中国军事事务专家RichardFisher表示，外界对DN-导弹的信息所知甚少。然而，DN-2导弹可能已被选定，将会安装在名为KT-2或者KT-2A的“反卫星导弹与拦截器组合”的发射装置上，这两种反卫星武器发射装置分别基于公路机动的洲际弹道导弹DF31（KT-2）和DF31A（KT-2A）.
“ASATs derived from the KT-2 and KT-2A space launch vehicles have thepotential to reach high earth orbits used by many strategic U.S. surveillance,communication, and navigation satellites,” said Fisher, with theInternational Assessment and Strategy Center.
（美国）国际评估和战略中心专家Fisher 说，“反卫星武器系统源自KT-2和KT-2A型太空运载火箭，具有抵达高地球轨道的潜力，而这也是美国许多的战略侦察卫星，通信卫星和导航卫星所使用的轨道。”
Fisher said in 2002, during a military showin China, the KT-2A was touted by Chinese officials as having a 2,000-kilogrampayload that could reach high-earth orbits.
Fisher称，中国在2002年进行的一次军力展示中，官员们对可以携带2000KG有效载荷到达高地球轨道的KT-2A，进行了吹捧。
“Since its appearance a decade ago, the KT series of space launchvehicles presaged what we now know, that a key Chinese strategic goal has beento deny outer space as a sanctuary to support American military operations,”Fisher said.
Fisher说，“十年前出现的KT系列太空运载火箭表明我们现在知道的情况是正确的，那就是中国一项关键的战略目标一直以来就是拒绝让外太空成为支持美军军事行动的庇护所。”
A KT-1 microsatellite launcher wasdisplayed at the Zhuhai air show in 2000, and “it was fairly obvious that thiscould become the basis for an ASAT, and it was used as the basis for the SC-19 ASATdemonstrated successfully in January 2007,” Fisher said.
2000年的珠海航展上，展示过一款KT-1微型卫星的发射装置。Fisher说，“相当明显的，这款发射装置可以成为反卫星武器的基础，随后在2007年1月成功进行的SC-19反卫星武器展示中，也是以这款发射装置作为基础的。”
Because China will not join a verifiablespace control agreement, “Washington has little choice, if it is to continue todeter China militarily, but to build far greater redundancy, passive and activedefenses for outer space,” he said.
由于中国将不会加入可核实的太空控制协议，Fisher说，“如果要阻止中国继续发展军力，华盛顿方面就得建设具有很高冗余度、被动或主动的防御系统来保护外太空，除此之外，几乎别无选择。”
China ASAT caused space debris
中国反卫星武器试验制造空间碎片
U.S. officials estimate that China’s 2007ASAT test that destroyed an aging weather satellite in low-earth orbit nowaccounts for 45 percent of all space debris in low-earth orbit.
美国官员估计，中国2007年进行的摧毁低轨道的老化气象卫星的反卫星试验，所产生的碎片现今占到低轨道上空间碎片总数的45%.
After a year of stonewalling by China onthe test, an official U.S. demarche, or protest note, was sent to Beijing inJanuary 2008. According to a copy of the note made public by Wikileaks, theprotest warned the Chinese government, “Any purposeful interference with U.S.space systems will be interpreted by the United States as an infringement ofits rights and considered an escalation in a crisis or conflict.”
在中国的试验对美国造成妨碍的一年之后，美国于2008年1月向北京方面送达了外交照会或者抗议信。根据维基泄密公布的一份抗议信副本显示，抗议信对中国政府进行了警告，“任何有意妨害美国太空系统的行为都将被美国解读为对其权利的侵犯，在危机或冲突期间会被认为是使局势扩大化的行为。”
“The United States reserves the right, consistent with the [UnitedNations] Charter and international law, to defend and protect its space systemswith a wide range of options, from diplomatic to military,” stated the protest,made by then-U.S. Ambassador to China Clark Randt.
时任美国驻华大使兰特，在给中国政府的抗议信中称，“美国保留依据联合国宪章和国际法律，采取从外交到军事范围内的各种手段，来保护和捍卫自己太空系统的权利。”
A joint State Department-Pentagon report toCongress on export controls made public in April states that China is“developing space-based methods to counter ballistic missile defenses of theUnited States and our allies, including anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons.”
4月份公布的一份由美国国务院和五角大楼联合提交给国会的报告中说到，中国“正在发展天基手段来对抗美国和我们盟友们的弹道导弹防御系统，其中包括反卫星武器。”
“As China advances in operational space capabilities, it is activelyfocusing on how to destroy, disrupt, or deny U.S. access to our own spaceassets,” the report said.
报告还写道，“由于操控太空能力的提升，使得中国更加积极地将注意力集中在如何破坏，干扰或者使美国无法利用自己的太空优势上。”
China is developing and refining its ASATweapons as part of a “multi-dimensional program to limit or prevent the use ofspace-based assets by potential adversaries during times of conflict,” thereport said.
报告写道，中国正在发展与完善自己的反卫星武器，使其作为“在冲突时，限制或阻止潜在对手利用其天基优势的“多维项目””的一部。
“In addition to the direct-ascent [missile] ASAT program, China isdeveloping other technologies and concepts for kinetic and directed energy forASAT missions,” including electronic jamming of satellite communications andlasers that disrupt satellites, the report said.
报告中称，“除直升式反卫星武器项目之外，中国也在为动能与定向能反卫星的任务，发展其他技术与设想，包括对卫星通信进行电子干扰，和用激光对卫星进行破坏。”。
ASAT weapons “have significant implicationsfor anti-access/area-denial efforts against the United States in Taiwan Straitcontingencies,” the report said. Those weapons and capabilities are beingdeveloped by China as a means to force the U.S. military out of Asian watersand territory and make it more difficult for U.S. forces to get into the regionduring a conflict, such as a defense of Taiwan. Other anti-access area denialweapons include anti-ship ballistic missiles, cyber warfare capabilities, andsubmarines.
报告中称，反卫星武器具有“在台湾海峡发生意外时，对美国实施反介入与区域封锁的重大意义。”中国正在发展的这些武器与能力，可以作为一种手段，迫使美军退出亚洲水域与领土，也会使美军更加难以介入该地区的冲突，比如说对台湾的防卫。其他的区域反介入武器包括弹道反舰导弹（如DF-21D），网络攻击能力和潜艇。
Defense Intelligence Agency director Lt.Gen. Ronald L. Burgess told Congress in February that “China successfullytested a direct ascent anti-satellite weapon (ASAT) missile and is developingjammers and directed-energy weapons for ASAT missions.”
国防情报局主任RonaldL. Burgess中将，在2月份时告诉国会说，“中国成功测试了一种直升式反卫星导弹，并正在为反卫星任务开发干扰机和定向能武器。”
Burgess said that as “a prerequisite forASAT attacks, China’s ability to track and identify satellites is enhanced bytechnologies from China’s manned and lunar programs as well as technologies andmethods developed to detect and track space debris.”
Burgess中将说，“作为反卫星武器攻击的先决条件之一，中国对卫星进行追踪和确认能力的提升，得益于来自载人航天和登月项目中的技术，也得益于在探测与追踪太空碎片中所积累的技术与方法。”
Another ASAT test by China will likelyundermine the Obama administration’s controversial space arms control proposal,introduced in January. Many in the Pentagon oppose the International Code ofConduct for Outer Space Activities over concerns it would place limits on U.S.space capabilities.
中国再次进行反卫星武器试验，很可能将会破坏奥巴马政府在2月份出台的有争议的太空军备控制方案。五角大楼很多人反对“外太空活动国际行为准则”，认为它会限制美国的太空能力。
U.S. lagging in counterspace
美国在太空反制中落后
Despite China’s continuing development ofspace weapons, the administration has done no research or development intoso-called counterspace weapons and other capabilities that could deter Chinafrom its ASAT and anti-satellite laser and jammer arms, according to militaryofficials. The opposition is based on the administration’s preference for armscontrol negotiations and agreements as a major element of its U.S. nationalsecurity policies, the officials said.
据美军官员称，尽管中国持续发展太空武器，但美国政府却尚未对所谓的“太空反制”武器和其他能力进行任何研究，这些可以阻止中国使反卫星武器，反卫星激光和卫星干扰装置。
Frank Rose, deputy assistant secretary ofstate for arms control, said in a speech in April that the space code ofconduct would include legally nonbinding “transparency and confidence-buildingmeasures.”
负责军备控制的副国务卿FrankRose在4月的一次演讲中称，太空行为准则可能包括不具法律约束力的“透明和建立信任机制。”
However, a Pentagon Joint Staff assessmentof the space code of conduct concluded that U.S. adherence to the code’sprovisions would hurt U.S. space operations in several areas.
然而，五角大楼联合参谋部在一份对“太空行为准则”的评估中得出结论称，遵守该准则的条款不会损害美国在一些领域中的太空行动。
The Pentagon’s National Security SpaceStrategy from 2011 makes little mention of counterspace weapons. It states thatU.S. policy is “to dissuade and deter” others from developing space weapons,without providing specifics.
美国五角大楼于2011年发布的《国家安全太空战略》中，很少提及太空反制武器。该战略报告中称，美国的政策是“劝阻并制止”其他国家发展太空武器，但报告中并未提供实施细节。
The Pentagon indirectly demonstrated anASAT capability in 2008 when it used a modified ship-based SM-3 anti-missileinterceptor to shoot down a falling, low-earth orbit spy satellite that wasconsidered a danger because its fuel tank might have passed through theatmosphere and landed on earth.
2008年，五角大楼通过使用改进后的海基SM-3反导弹拦截器击落一个坠落中的低地球轨道间谍卫星，从而间接证实了自己具有反卫星能力。这枚卫星被认为是十分危险的，因为其燃料箱在下降的过程中，可能会穿过大气层，降落到地面上。
Cables detail PRC’s first ASAT test
电报揭示中国首次反卫星武器试验详情
According to a classified Jan. 12, 2010,State Department cable made public by Wikileaks, China conducted its mostrecent ASAT test on Jan. 11 of that year.
维基解密公布的一份美国国务院2010年1月12日的机密电报称，中国与同年1月11日进行了最近一次的反卫星武器测试。
According to the cable, an ASAT missile designatedSC-19 was fired from China’s Korla Missile Test Complex and successfullyintercepted a CSS-X-11 medium-range ballistic missile launched from theShuangchengzi Space and Missile Center.
根据这则电报，一种名为SC-19的反卫星导弹从中国库尔勒导弹综合试验场发射，成功拦截一枚从双城子空间和导弹中心发射的CSS-X-11型中程弹道导弹。
The two missiles were tracked by U.S.missile warning satellites to an intercept point at an altitude of about 155miles in space.
美国导弹预警卫星对这两枚导弹进行了追踪，拦截交汇点位于大约155英里高的太空中。
Until then, the SC-19 had been usedpreviously to boost China’s first successful direct-ascent anti-satelliteintercept on Jan. 11, 2007, when a missile rammed into China’s FY-1C weathersatellite.
在那以前的2007年1月11日，SC-19已被成功用于中国首次直升式反卫星拦截试验中，当时导弹撞击了中国风云1号C气象卫星。
“Previous SC-19 DA-ASAT flight-tests were conducted in 2005 and2006,” the 2010 cable said. “This test is assessed to have furthered bothChinese ASAT and ballistic missile defense [BMD] technologies.”
2010年的电报称，“早先的SC-19直升式反卫星武器飞行测试分别进行于2005和2006年，据评估，这次试验同时提高了中国在反卫星武器和弹道导弹防御方面的技术。”
The cable contained a U.S. protest note toChina on the 2010 test seeking an explanation for Chinese officials about thepurpose of the test and “what steps were taken to minimize the creation oforbital debris.”
这则电报包含了美国给中国的一封关于此次试验的抗议信，信中要求中国对此次试验的目的进行解释并询问中国“采取什么步骤来将产生的轨道碎片降到最低。”
The cable said that since the 2007 ASATtest, the United States had urged China not to conduct further space weaponstests.
电报称，自中国2007年进行反卫星武器试验后，美国政府一直敦促中国不要进行更深层次的太空武器测试。
An earlier cable revealed that U.S.intelligence agencies had advance word of the 2010 space weapons test, andnoted that China was not expected to provide notification in advance of thetest, which proved accurate.
一封更早的电报透露，美国情报局在2010年的太空武器测试前就已经得到消息，并预期中国不会对此次试验进行预先通知，这在事后也被证明是准确的。
Other State Department cables revealedconflicting statements from Chinese officials on whether China planned toconduct future ASAT tests. Chinese Foreign Ministry official He Yafeiunequivocally stated to U.S. officials in June 2008 that China would notconduct future ASAT tests. In July, China Lt. Gen. Zhang Qinshengsaid there were no plans for an ASAT test in the near future.
其他美国国务院的电报表明，在中国会不会计划进行更进一步的反卫星武器测试的问题上，来自中国官员的声明是相互矛盾的。2008年6月，中国外交不官员何亚飞明确告知美国官员说，中国未来不会进行反卫星武器试验。同年7月，章钦生中将表示最近没有进行反卫星武器试验的计划。
美国情报：美国大选之后，中国将进行威力强大的可以摧毁GPS和间谍卫星的反卫星武器试验
译文来源:
原创翻译：龙腾网 翻译：壤东之子 转载请注明出处
原题：China toShoot at High Frontier
副标：U.S.Intelligence: China to conduct test of more powerful anti-satellite weaponcapable of hitting GPS, spy satellites, but after U.S. election
原作者：BillGertz
中文：中国向“高边疆”进发
副标：美国情报：美国大选之后，中国将进行威力强大的可以摧毁GPS和间谍卫星的反卫星武器试验
发表时间：October16, 2012 5:00 am
说明：作者BillGertz，华盛顿邮报记者，本文发布在博客网站-“华盛顿自由灯塔”上，前段时间，该作者还在该网站发表过有关“东风4连射”的博文。译者对文中内容与观点不持立场，仅如实翻译。如有错误，烦请指出。本文龙腾首发，转载时请保持文章完整性，谢谢！
以下正文
China’s military is set to conduct a testof a new and more capable anti-satellite missile that United Statesintelligence agencies say can knock out strategic satellites in high-earthorbit, according to U.S. officials.
美国官员称，中国军方将进行一项具有更强能力的新型反卫星导弹的试验，据美国情报机构称，这型导弹可以摧毁位于高地球轨道的战略卫星。
However, a recent intelligence assessmentsaid the test of the Dong Ning-2 direct ascentanti-satellite (ASAT) weapon is being delayed in an apparent effort to avoidupsetting President Barack Obama’s reelection bid, said officials who spoke oncondition of anonymity.
然而，要求匿名的官员称，据最近一项情报评估称，DN-2(动能-2)直升式反卫星武器试验已被推迟，这一举动很显然是为了避免给正在竞选连任的美国总统奥巴马造成不安。
Intelligence reports from September andthis month revealed China will test fire the new DN-2 missile from a groundbase sometime in early to mid-November.
9月和10月的情报报告显示，中国将在11月中旬的某一天，从陆上基地试射这一新型的DN-2导弹。
The missile is described by intelligenceagencies as a high-earth orbit interceptor designed to destroy satellites byramming them at high speeds. The intelligence reports called the new missile astrategically significant counterspace weapon, said the officials familiar withthe reports.
这型导弹被情报机构描述为“高地球轨道拦截者”，设计用高速撞击的方式来摧毁卫星。据熟悉这些情报报告的官员说，报告认为这一新型导弹堪称具有重大战略意义的太空反制武器。
Testing a high-earth orbit anti-satellitemissile would represent a major advance in China’s satellite-killingcapability, which has been underway for more than a decade.High-earth orbit, also known as geosynchronous orbit, is the location of majorcommunications and navigation satellites, which orbit at a distance of between12,000 miles and 22,236 miles from earth.
测试“高地球轨道的反卫星导弹”反映了中国“猎杀卫星”的能力在经过十年的努力之后，取得很大进展。“高地球轨道”，又称为“地球同步轨道”，距地球的高度在12，000英里至22，236英里之间，大部分的通信卫星和导航卫星都位于该轨道上。
China’s last ASAT test in 2007 destroyed alow-earth orbit weather satellite about 558 miles in space, causing an orbitingdebris field of tens of thousands of pieces of metal that U.S. officials saywill threaten orbiting satellites and human space travelers for100 years.
中国最近一次进行的反卫星武器试验是在2007年，摧毁了距离地球高度558英里的近地轨道上的一颗气象卫星，并产生了数以万计的轨道碎片，美国官员称，这些碎片将会对在轨运行的卫星和人类太空旅行者造成持续百年的威胁。
U.S. officials said it is unlikely Chinawill conduct an impact test of a kinetic kill vehicle against an aging weathersatellite as occurred in 2007, although the possibility of a second,major debris-causing test cannot be ruled out.
美国官员说，中国不太可能以2007年的方式，进行动能拦截器撞击老化气象卫星的冲击试验，然而以主要测试“碎片制造能力”为目的，再次进行此类试验的可能性不能被排除。
Instead, officials said the test mostlikely will be a demonstration of a precision-guided direct ascent missileflying out tens of thousands of miles.
相反地，美国官员称，此次试验最有可能会是用来展示一种可以飞到数万英里之外，精确制导的直升式导弹的能力。
“If the United States loses the strategic high ground of high-earthorbit [from a Chinese high-altitude ASAT missile], we are in real trouble,”said one U.S. official.
一位美国官员说，“如果美国失去了高地球轨道上的战略有利地位（由于中国的高空反卫星导弹），那我们就真的有麻烦了。”
U.S. Global Positioning System satellites,used for both navigation and precision missile guidance, are located inmedium-earth orbit, or about 12,000 miles, and thus would be vulnerable to thenew DN-2.
美国同时用于导航和导弹精确引导的全球卫星定位系统（GPS）的卫星，位于距离地球高度12，000英里的中地球轨道上，因此很容易受到DN-2导弹的攻击。
Whether or not the test is successful,development of the new high-altitude DN-2 ASAT reveals that China’s military isplanning for future high-orbit space warfare despite seeking internationalagreements banning weapons in space.
无论此次试验成功与否，新型DN-2高空反卫星武器的发展表明了尽管中国军方在谋求禁止太空武器的国际协议，但已经在为未来的高轨道太空战制定计划。
China’s January 2007 ASAT test drewprotests from the United States and other spacefaring nations, who saw it as amajor threat to satellites used for both military and civilian purposes. Thattest also produced tens of thousands of pieces of space debris which threatensatellites.
中国2007年一月进行的反卫星武器试验，引起了美国和其他航天国家的抗议，这些国家认为试验是对其军民两用卫星的重大威胁。那次试验也产生了数以万计的空间碎片，会对卫星造成威胁。
A second possibility is the DN-2 missiletest will be fired against a target missile, as occurred in 2010 as part of ajoint Chinese ASAT-missile defense test.
第二种可能性是，DN-2导弹测试将会针对目标导弹进行发射，此种方式作为中国联合反卫星导弹防御测试的一部分，在2010年进行过测试。
Pentagon spokesmen declined to comment onthe DN-2 ASAT program.
五角大楼发言人拒绝对DN-2反卫星武器项目发表评论。
Michael Pillsbury, a former Reaganadministration defense policymaker, stated in a 2007 report to Congress that Chinesemilitary writers advocated covert deployment of sophisticatedanti-satellite weapons system like the kind now being developed by the People’sLiberation Army for use against the United States “in a surprise manner withoutwarning.”
前里根政府防务政策制定者MichaelPillsbury在2007年的一份国会报告中声称，中国军方作家主张隐秘部署高精度的反卫星武器系统，诸如当前解放军正在发展的用于对美国发动"无预兆奇袭"的系统。
“Even a small scale anti-satellite attack in a crisis against 50 U.S.satellites—assuming a mix of targeted military reconnaissance, navigationsatellites, and communication satellites—could have a catastrophic effect notonly on U.S. military forces, but on the U.S. civilian economy,” saidPillsbury, currently with the Hudson Institute. Chinese military writings alsohave discussed attacks on GPS satellites that are located in high-earth orbit,he stated.
当前供职于英国哈德森研究所的Pillsbury 称，“危机期间，即使仅对美国50颗卫星发动的小规模反卫星袭击（假设军事侦察卫星，导航卫星和通信卫星混杂其中），也会对美国的军力和国内经济产生灾难性的打击。”他补充道，中国军事刊物也讨论过对位于高地球轨道上的美国GPS卫星的攻击。
ASAT a top-secret program
反卫星武器：高度机密的项目
China’s anti-satellite missile system is akey element of the communist state’s growing arsenal of asymmetric warfareweapons, and remains one of Beijing’s most closelyguarded military secrets.
反卫星导弹系统是共产主义中国发展中的“非对称战争武器”的一个重要部分，同时也是北京保守最为森严的军事机密。
Defense officials have said that with asfew as 24 ASAT missiles, China could severely weaken U.S. military operationsby disrupting global communications and military logistics, as well as bylimiting celestial navigation systems used by high-technology weapons. Such anattack also would severely degrade U.S. intelligence gathering efforts againstglobal targets, a key strategic military advantage.
国防官员称，只需要24枚反卫星导弹，中国就可破坏美军的全球通信与军事后勤，限制需要天文导航系统的高科技武器，从而严重削弱美国的军事行动。此种攻击也会大幅降低美国对全球目标的情报收集能力，而这是美国关键战略优势的一部分。
A U.S. official familiar with reports ofthe ASAT test said China’s delay in conducting the test until after the Nov. 6election is a sign Beijing wants to help President Obama’s reelection campaign.“It implies they’d rather have him reelected,” said the official.
一名熟悉反卫星武器试验报告的美国官员称，中国将进行此次试验的时间推迟到11月6号的大选之后，表明了中国希望帮助奥巴马总统竞选连任。这位官员说，“这表明中国宁愿他（奥巴马）再次当选。”
The Obama administration has adoptedconciliatory policies toward China’s military buildup and its large-scale humanrights abuses. Critics say the administration also failed to hold Beijingaccountable for its unfair trade practices and currencymanipulation.
奥巴马政府对中国增强军力和大范围的人权迫害，采取了调和政策。批评家说，（奥巴马）政府同样也未能成功追究中国采用不公平的贸易规则和操纵货币的责任。
The administration’squestionable policies were revealed by a2009 State Department cable that quoted Secretary of State Hillary Clinton assaying, “How do you deal toughly with your banker?”—a reference to China’spotentially coercive leverageover the United States through its large holdings of U.S.debt securities.
（美国）国务院2009年的一份电报表明政府（对中国）的政策是有问题的，这则电报引用了国务卿希拉里-克林顿的话---“如何用强硬手段对待你的庄家？”，揭示了中国凭借手中持有的大量美国债券，对美国进行了具有胁迫性的制衡。
Richard Fisher, a Chinese military affairsspecialist, said little is known publicly of the DN-2 missile. However, theDN-2 may be China’s designation for an ASAT missile and kill vehicle combinationmounted on launchers dubbed KT-2, or KT-2A. This ASAT weapon is based on DF-31or DF-31A road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles, respectively.
中国军事事务专家RichardFisher表示，外界对DN-导弹的信息所知甚少。然而，DN-2导弹可能已被选定，将会安装在名为KT-2或者KT-2A的“反卫星导弹与拦截器组合”的发射装置上，这两种反卫星武器发射装置分别基于公路机动的洲际弹道导弹DF31（KT-2）和DF31A（KT-2A）.
“ASATs derived from the KT-2 and KT-2A space launch vehicles have thepotential to reach high earth orbits used by many strategic U.S. surveillance,communication, and navigation satellites,” said Fisher, with theInternational Assessment and Strategy Center.
（美国）国际评估和战略中心专家Fisher 说，“反卫星武器系统源自KT-2和KT-2A型太空运载火箭，具有抵达高地球轨道的潜力，而这也是美国许多的战略侦察卫星，通信卫星和导航卫星所使用的轨道。”
Fisher said in 2002, during a military showin China, the KT-2A was touted by Chinese officials as having a 2,000-kilogrampayload that could reach high-earth orbits.
Fisher称，中国在2002年进行的一次军力展示中，官员们对可以携带2000KG有效载荷到达高地球轨道的KT-2A，进行了吹捧。
“Since its appearance a decade ago, the KT series of space launchvehicles presaged what we now know, that a key Chinese strategic goal has beento deny outer space as a sanctuary to support American military operations,”Fisher said.
Fisher说，“十年前出现的KT系列太空运载火箭表明我们现在知道的情况是正确的，那就是中国一项关键的战略目标一直以来就是拒绝让外太空成为支持美军军事行动的庇护所。”
A KT-1 microsatellite launcher wasdisplayed at the Zhuhai air show in 2000, and “it was fairly obvious that thiscould become the basis for an ASAT, and it was used as the basis for the SC-19 ASATdemonstrated successfully in January 2007,” Fisher said.
2000年的珠海航展上，展示过一款KT-1微型卫星的发射装置。Fisher说，“相当明显的，这款发射装置可以成为反卫星武器的基础，随后在2007年1月成功进行的SC-19反卫星武器展示中，也是以这款发射装置作为基础的。”
Because China will not join a verifiablespace control agreement, “Washington has little choice, if it is to continue todeter China militarily, but to build far greater redundancy, passive and activedefenses for outer space,” he said.
由于中国将不会加入可核实的太空控制协议，Fisher说，“如果要阻止中国继续发展军力，华盛顿方面就得建设具有很高冗余度、被动或主动的防御系统来保护外太空，除此之外，几乎别无选择。”
China ASAT caused space debris
中国反卫星武器试验制造空间碎片
U.S. officials estimate that China’s 2007ASAT test that destroyed an aging weather satellite in low-earth orbit nowaccounts for 45 percent of all space debris in low-earth orbit.
美国官员估计，中国2007年进行的摧毁低轨道的老化气象卫星的反卫星试验，所产生的碎片现今占到低轨道上空间碎片总数的45%.
After a year of stonewalling by China onthe test, an official U.S. demarche, or protest note, was sent to Beijing inJanuary 2008. According to a copy of the note made public by Wikileaks, theprotest warned the Chinese government, “Any purposeful interference with U.S.space systems will be interpreted by the United States as an infringement ofits rights and considered an escalation in a crisis or conflict.”
在中国的试验对美国造成妨碍的一年之后，美国于2008年1月向北京方面送达了外交照会或者抗议信。根据维基泄密公布的一份抗议信副本显示，抗议信对中国政府进行了警告，“任何有意妨害美国太空系统的行为都将被美国解读为对其权利的侵犯，在危机或冲突期间会被认为是使局势扩大化的行为。”
“The United States reserves the right, consistent with the [UnitedNations] Charter and international law, to defend and protect its space systemswith a wide range of options, from diplomatic to military,” stated the protest,made by then-U.S. Ambassador to China Clark Randt.
时任美国驻华大使兰特，在给中国政府的抗议信中称，“美国保留依据联合国宪章和国际法律，采取从外交到军事范围内的各种手段，来保护和捍卫自己太空系统的权利。”
A joint State Department-Pentagon report toCongress on export controls made public in April states that China is“developing space-based methods to counter ballistic missile defenses of theUnited States and our allies, including anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons.”
4月份公布的一份由美国国务院和五角大楼联合提交给国会的报告中说到，中国“正在发展天基手段来对抗美国和我们盟友们的弹道导弹防御系统，其中包括反卫星武器。”
“As China advances in operational space capabilities, it is activelyfocusing on how to destroy, disrupt, or deny U.S. access to our own spaceassets,” the report said.
报告还写道，“由于操控太空能力的提升，使得中国更加积极地将注意力集中在如何破坏，干扰或者使美国无法利用自己的太空优势上。”
China is developing and refining its ASATweapons as part of a “multi-dimensional program to limit or prevent the use ofspace-based assets by potential adversaries during times of conflict,” thereport said.
报告写道，中国正在发展与完善自己的反卫星武器，使其作为“在冲突时，限制或阻止潜在对手利用其天基优势的“多维项目””的一部。
“In addition to the direct-ascent [missile] ASAT program, China isdeveloping other technologies and concepts for kinetic and directed energy forASAT missions,” including electronic jamming of satellite communications andlasers that disrupt satellites, the report said.
报告中称，“除直升式反卫星武器项目之外，中国也在为动能与定向能反卫星的任务，发展其他技术与设想，包括对卫星通信进行电子干扰，和用激光对卫星进行破坏。”。
ASAT weapons “have significant implicationsfor anti-access/area-denial efforts against the United States in Taiwan Straitcontingencies,” the report said. Those weapons and capabilities are beingdeveloped by China as a means to force the U.S. military out of Asian watersand territory and make it more difficult for U.S. forces to get into the regionduring a conflict, such as a defense of Taiwan. Other anti-access area denialweapons include anti-ship ballistic missiles, cyber warfare capabilities, andsubmarines.
报告中称，反卫星武器具有“在台湾海峡发生意外时，对美国实施反介入与区域封锁的重大意义。”中国正在发展的这些武器与能力，可以作为一种手段，迫使美军退出亚洲水域与领土，也会使美军更加难以介入该地区的冲突，比如说对台湾的防卫。其他的区域反介入武器包括弹道反舰导弹（如DF-21D），网络攻击能力和潜艇。
Defense Intelligence Agency director Lt.Gen. Ronald L. Burgess told Congress in February that “China successfullytested a direct ascent anti-satellite weapon (ASAT) missile and is developingjammers and directed-energy weapons for ASAT missions.”
国防情报局主任RonaldL. Burgess中将，在2月份时告诉国会说，“中国成功测试了一种直升式反卫星导弹，并正在为反卫星任务开发干扰机和定向能武器。”
Burgess said that as “a prerequisite forASAT attacks, China’s ability to track and identify satellites is enhanced bytechnologies from China’s manned and lunar programs as well as technologies andmethods developed to detect and track space debris.”
Burgess中将说，“作为反卫星武器攻击的先决条件之一，中国对卫星进行追踪和确认能力的提升，得益于来自载人航天和登月项目中的技术，也得益于在探测与追踪太空碎片中所积累的技术与方法。”
Another ASAT test by China will likelyundermine the Obama administration’s controversial space arms control proposal,introduced in January. Many in the Pentagon oppose the International Code ofConduct for Outer Space Activities over concerns it would place limits on U.S.space capabilities.
中国再次进行反卫星武器试验，很可能将会破坏奥巴马政府在2月份出台的有争议的太空军备控制方案。五角大楼很多人反对“外太空活动国际行为准则”，认为它会限制美国的太空能力。
U.S. lagging in counterspace
美国在太空反制中落后
Despite China’s continuing development ofspace weapons, the administration has done no research or development intoso-called counterspace weapons and other capabilities that could deter Chinafrom its ASAT and anti-satellite laser and jammer arms, according to militaryofficials. The opposition is based on the administration’s preference for armscontrol negotiations and agreements as a major element of its U.S. nationalsecurity policies, the officials said.
据美军官员称，尽管中国持续发展太空武器，但美国政府却尚未对所谓的“太空反制”武器和其他能力进行任何研究，这些可以阻止中国使反卫星武器，反卫星激光和卫星干扰装置。
Frank Rose, deputy assistant secretary ofstate for arms control, said in a speech in April that the space code ofconduct would include legally nonbinding “transparency and confidence-buildingmeasures.”
负责军备控制的副国务卿FrankRose在4月的一次演讲中称，太空行为准则可能包括不具法律约束力的“透明和建立信任机制。”
However, a Pentagon Joint Staff assessmentof the space code of conduct concluded that U.S. adherence to the code’sprovisions would hurt U.S. space operations in several areas.
然而，五角大楼联合参谋部在一份对“太空行为准则”的评估中得出结论称，遵守该准则的条款不会损害美国在一些领域中的太空行动。
The Pentagon’s National Security SpaceStrategy from 2011 makes little mention of counterspace weapons. It states thatU.S. policy is “to dissuade and deter” others from developing space weapons,without providing specifics.
美国五角大楼于2011年发布的《国家安全太空战略》中，很少提及太空反制武器。该战略报告中称，美国的政策是“劝阻并制止”其他国家发展太空武器，但报告中并未提供实施细节。
The Pentagon indirectly demonstrated anASAT capability in 2008 when it used a modified ship-based SM-3 anti-missileinterceptor to shoot down a falling, low-earth orbit spy satellite that wasconsidered a danger because its fuel tank might have passed through theatmosphere and landed on earth.
2008年，五角大楼通过使用改进后的海基SM-3反导弹拦截器击落一个坠落中的低地球轨道间谍卫星，从而间接证实了自己具有反卫星能力。这枚卫星被认为是十分危险的，因为其燃料箱在下降的过程中，可能会穿过大气层，降落到地面上。
Cables detail PRC’s first ASAT test
电报揭示中国首次反卫星武器试验详情
According to a classified Jan. 12, 2010,State Department cable made public by Wikileaks, China conducted its mostrecent ASAT test on Jan. 11 of that year.
维基解密公布的一份美国国务院2010年1月12日的机密电报称，中国与同年1月11日进行了最近一次的反卫星武器测试。
According to the cable, an ASAT missile designatedSC-19 was fired from China’s Korla Missile Test Complex and successfullyintercepted a CSS-X-11 medium-range ballistic missile launched from theShuangchengzi Space and Missile Center.
根据这则电报，一种名为SC-19的反卫星导弹从中国库尔勒导弹综合试验场发射，成功拦截一枚从双城子空间和导弹中心发射的CSS-X-11型中程弹道导弹。
The two missiles were tracked by U.S.missile warning satellites to an intercept point at an altitude of about 155miles in space.
美国导弹预警卫星对这两枚导弹进行了追踪，拦截交汇点位于大约155英里高的太空中。
Until then, the SC-19 had been usedpreviously to boost China’s first successful direct-ascent anti-satelliteintercept on Jan. 11, 2007, when a missile rammed into China’s FY-1C weathersatellite.
在那以前的2007年1月11日，SC-19已被成功用于中国首次直升式反卫星拦截试验中，当时导弹撞击了中国风云1号C气象卫星。
“Previous SC-19 DA-ASAT flight-tests were conducted in 2005 and2006,” the 2010 cable said. “This test is assessed to have furthered bothChinese ASAT and ballistic missile defense [BMD] technologies.”
2010年的电报称，“早先的SC-19直升式反卫星武器飞行测试分别进行于2005和2006年，据评估，这次试验同时提高了中国在反卫星武器和弹道导弹防御方面的技术。”
The cable contained a U.S. protest note toChina on the 2010 test seeking an explanation for Chinese officials about thepurpose of the test and “what steps were taken to minimize the creation oforbital debris.”
这则电报包含了美国给中国的一封关于此次试验的抗议信，信中要求中国对此次试验的目的进行解释并询问中国“采取什么步骤来将产生的轨道碎片降到最低。”
The cable said that since the 2007 ASATtest, the United States had urged China not to conduct further space weaponstests.
电报称，自中国2007年进行反卫星武器试验后，美国政府一直敦促中国不要进行更深层次的太空武器测试。
An earlier cable revealed that U.S.intelligence agencies had advance word of the 2010 space weapons test, andnoted that China was not expected to provide notification in advance of thetest, which proved accurate.
一封更早的电报透露，美国情报局在2010年的太空武器测试前就已经得到消息，并预期中国不会对此次试验进行预先通知，这在事后也被证明是准确的。
Other State Department cables revealedconflicting statements from Chinese officials on whether China planned toconduct future ASAT tests. Chinese Foreign Ministry official He Yafeiunequivocally stated to U.S. officials in June 2008 that China would notconduct future ASAT tests. In July, China Lt. Gen. Zhang Qinshengsaid there were no plans for an ASAT test in the near future.
其他美国国务院的电报表明，在中国会不会计划进行更进一步的反卫星武器测试的问题上，来自中国官员的声明是相互矛盾的。2008年6月，中国外交不官员何亚飞明确告知美国官员说，中国未来不会进行反卫星武器试验。同年7月，章钦生中将表示最近没有进行反卫星武器试验的计划。译文简介:
美国情报：美国大选之后，中国将进行威力强大的可以摧毁GPS和间谍卫星的反卫星武器试验
译文来源:
原创翻译：龙腾网 翻译：壤东之子 转载请注明出处
原题：China toShoot at High Frontier
副标：U.S.Intelligence: China to conduct test of more powerful anti-satellite weaponcapable of hitting GPS, spy satellites, but after U.S. election
原作者：BillGertz
中文：中国向“高边疆”进发
副标：美国情报：美国大选之后，中国将进行威力强大的可以摧毁GPS和间谍卫星的反卫星武器试验
发表时间：October16, 2012 5:00 am
说明：作者BillGertz，华盛顿邮报记者，本文发布在博客网站-“华盛顿自由灯塔”上，前段时间，该作者还在该网站发表过有关“东风4连射”的博文。译者对文中内容与观点不持立场，仅如实翻译。如有错误，烦请指出。本文龙腾首发，转载时请保持文章完整性，谢谢！
以下正文
China’s military is set to conduct a testof a new and more capable anti-satellite missile that United Statesintelligence agencies say can knock out strategic satellites in high-earthorbit, according to U.S. officials.
美国官员称，中国军方将进行一项具有更强能力的新型反卫星导弹的试验，据美国情报机构称，这型导弹可以摧毁位于高地球轨道的战略卫星。
However, a recent intelligence assessmentsaid the test of the Dong Ning-2 direct ascentanti-satellite (ASAT) weapon is being delayed in an apparent effort to avoidupsetting President Barack Obama’s reelection bid, said officials who spoke oncondition of anonymity.
然而，要求匿名的官员称，据最近一项情报评估称，DN-2(动能-2)直升式反卫星武器试验已被推迟，这一举动很显然是为了避免给正在竞选连任的美国总统奥巴马造成不安。
Intelligence reports from September andthis month revealed China will test fire the new DN-2 missile from a groundbase sometime in early to mid-November.
9月和10月的情报报告显示，中国将在11月中旬的某一天，从陆上基地试射这一新型的DN-2导弹。
The missile is described by intelligenceagencies as a high-earth orbit interceptor designed to destroy satellites byramming them at high speeds. The intelligence reports called the new missile astrategically significant counterspace weapon, said the officials familiar withthe reports.
这型导弹被情报机构描述为“高地球轨道拦截者”，设计用高速撞击的方式来摧毁卫星。据熟悉这些情报报告的官员说，报告认为这一新型导弹堪称具有重大战略意义的太空反制武器。
Testing a high-earth orbit anti-satellitemissile would represent a major advance in China’s satellite-killingcapability, which has been underway for more than a decade.High-earth orbit, also known as geosynchronous orbit, is the location of majorcommunications and navigation satellites, which orbit at a distance of between12,000 miles and 22,236 miles from earth.
测试“高地球轨道的反卫星导弹”反映了中国“猎杀卫星”的能力在经过十年的努力之后，取得很大进展。“高地球轨道”，又称为“地球同步轨道”，距地球的高度在12，000英里至22，236英里之间，大部分的通信卫星和导航卫星都位于该轨道上。
China’s last ASAT test in 2007 destroyed alow-earth orbit weather satellite about 558 miles in space, causing an orbitingdebris field of tens of thousands of pieces of metal that U.S. officials saywill threaten orbiting satellites and human space travelers for100 years.
中国最近一次进行的反卫星武器试验是在2007年，摧毁了距离地球高度558英里的近地轨道上的一颗气象卫星，并产生了数以万计的轨道碎片，美国官员称，这些碎片将会对在轨运行的卫星和人类太空旅行者造成持续百年的威胁。
U.S. officials said it is unlikely Chinawill conduct an impact test of a kinetic kill vehicle against an aging weathersatellite as occurred in 2007, although the possibility of a second,major debris-causing test cannot be ruled out.
美国官员说，中国不太可能以2007年的方式，进行动能拦截器撞击老化气象卫星的冲击试验，然而以主要测试“碎片制造能力”为目的，再次进行此类试验的可能性不能被排除。
Instead, officials said the test mostlikely will be a demonstration of a precision-guided direct ascent missileflying out tens of thousands of miles.
相反地，美国官员称，此次试验最有可能会是用来展示一种可以飞到数万英里之外，精确制导的直升式导弹的能力。
“If the United States loses the strategic high ground of high-earthorbit [from a Chinese high-altitude ASAT missile], we are in real trouble,”said one U.S. official.
一位美国官员说，“如果美国失去了高地球轨道上的战略有利地位（由于中国的高空反卫星导弹），那我们就真的有麻烦了。”
U.S. Global Positioning System satellites,used for both navigation and precision missile guidance, are located inmedium-earth orbit, or about 12,000 miles, and thus would be vulnerable to thenew DN-2.
美国同时用于导航和导弹精确引导的全球卫星定位系统（GPS）的卫星，位于距离地球高度12，000英里的中地球轨道上，因此很容易受到DN-2导弹的攻击。
Whether or not the test is successful,development of the new high-altitude DN-2 ASAT reveals that China’s military isplanning for future high-orbit space warfare despite seeking internationalagreements banning weapons in space.
无论此次试验成功与否，新型DN-2高空反卫星武器的发展表明了尽管中国军方在谋求禁止太空武器的国际协议，但已经在为未来的高轨道太空战制定计划。
China’s January 2007 ASAT test drewprotests from the United States and other spacefaring nations, who saw it as amajor threat to satellites used for both military and civilian purposes. Thattest also produced tens of thousands of pieces of space debris which threatensatellites.
中国2007年一月进行的反卫星武器试验，引起了美国和其他航天国家的抗议，这些国家认为试验是对其军民两用卫星的重大威胁。那次试验也产生了数以万计的空间碎片，会对卫星造成威胁。
A second possibility is the DN-2 missiletest will be fired against a target missile, as occurred in 2010 as part of ajoint Chinese ASAT-missile defense test.
第二种可能性是，DN-2导弹测试将会针对目标导弹进行发射，此种方式作为中国联合反卫星导弹防御测试的一部分，在2010年进行过测试。
Pentagon spokesmen declined to comment onthe DN-2 ASAT program.
五角大楼发言人拒绝对DN-2反卫星武器项目发表评论。
Michael Pillsbury, a former Reaganadministration defense policymaker, stated in a 2007 report to Congress that Chinesemilitary writers advocated covert deployment of sophisticatedanti-satellite weapons system like the kind now being developed by the People’sLiberation Army for use against the United States “in a surprise manner withoutwarning.”
前里根政府防务政策制定者MichaelPillsbury在2007年的一份国会报告中声称，中国军方作家主张隐秘部署高精度的反卫星武器系统，诸如当前解放军正在发展的用于对美国发动"无预兆奇袭"的系统。
“Even a small scale anti-satellite attack in a crisis against 50 U.S.satellites—assuming a mix of targeted military reconnaissance, navigationsatellites, and communication satellites—could have a catastrophic effect notonly on U.S. military forces, but on the U.S. civilian economy,” saidPillsbury, currently with the Hudson Institute. Chinese military writings alsohave discussed attacks on GPS satellites that are located in high-earth orbit,he stated.
当前供职于英国哈德森研究所的Pillsbury 称，“危机期间，即使仅对美国50颗卫星发动的小规模反卫星袭击（假设军事侦察卫星，导航卫星和通信卫星混杂其中），也会对美国的军力和国内经济产生灾难性的打击。”他补充道，中国军事刊物也讨论过对位于高地球轨道上的美国GPS卫星的攻击。
ASAT a top-secret program
反卫星武器：高度机密的项目
China’s anti-satellite missile system is akey element of the communist state’s growing arsenal of asymmetric warfareweapons, and remains one of Beijing’s most closelyguarded military secrets.
反卫星导弹系统是共产主义中国发展中的“非对称战争武器”的一个重要部分，同时也是北京保守最为森严的军事机密。
Defense officials have said that with asfew as 24 ASAT missiles, China could severely weaken U.S. military operationsby disrupting global communications and military logistics, as well as bylimiting celestial navigation systems used by high-technology weapons. Such anattack also would severely degrade U.S. intelligence gathering efforts againstglobal targets, a key strategic military advantage.
国防官员称，只需要24枚反卫星导弹，中国就可破坏美军的全球通信与军事后勤，限制需要天文导航系统的高科技武器，从而严重削弱美国的军事行动。此种攻击也会大幅降低美国对全球目标的情报收集能力，而这是美国关键战略优势的一部分。
A U.S. official familiar with reports ofthe ASAT test said China’s delay in conducting the test until after the Nov. 6election is a sign Beijing wants to help President Obama’s reelection campaign.“It implies they’d rather have him reelected,” said the official.
一名熟悉反卫星武器试验报告的美国官员称，中国将进行此次试验的时间推迟到11月6号的大选之后，表明了中国希望帮助奥巴马总统竞选连任。这位官员说，“这表明中国宁愿他（奥巴马）再次当选。”
The Obama administration has adoptedconciliatory policies toward China’s military buildup and its large-scale humanrights abuses. Critics say the administration also failed to hold Beijingaccountable for its unfair trade practices and currencymanipulation.
奥巴马政府对中国增强军力和大范围的人权迫害，采取了调和政策。批评家说，（奥巴马）政府同样也未能成功追究中国采用不公平的贸易规则和操纵货币的责任。
The administration’squestionable policies were revealed by a2009 State Department cable that quoted Secretary of State Hillary Clinton assaying, “How do you deal toughly with your banker?”—a reference to China’spotentially coercive leverageover the United States through its large holdings of U.S.debt securities.
（美国）国务院2009年的一份电报表明政府（对中国）的政策是有问题的，这则电报引用了国务卿希拉里-克林顿的话---“如何用强硬手段对待你的庄家？”，揭示了中国凭借手中持有的大量美国债券，对美国进行了具有胁迫性的制衡。
Richard Fisher, a Chinese military affairsspecialist, said little is known publicly of the DN-2 missile. However, theDN-2 may be China’s designation for an ASAT missile and kill vehicle combinationmounted on launchers dubbed KT-2, or KT-2A. This ASAT weapon is based on DF-31or DF-31A road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles, respectively.
中国军事事务专家RichardFisher表示，外界对DN-导弹的信息所知甚少。然而，DN-2导弹可能已被选定，将会安装在名为KT-2或者KT-2A的“反卫星导弹与拦截器组合”的发射装置上，这两种反卫星武器发射装置分别基于公路机动的洲际弹道导弹DF31（KT-2）和DF31A（KT-2A）.
“ASATs derived from the KT-2 and KT-2A space launch vehicles have thepotential to reach high earth orbits used by many strategic U.S. surveillance,communication, and navigation satellites,” said Fisher, with theInternational Assessment and Strategy Center.
（美国）国际评估和战略中心专家Fisher 说，“反卫星武器系统源自KT-2和KT-2A型太空运载火箭，具有抵达高地球轨道的潜力，而这也是美国许多的战略侦察卫星，通信卫星和导航卫星所使用的轨道。”
Fisher said in 2002, during a military showin China, the KT-2A was touted by Chinese officials as having a 2,000-kilogrampayload that could reach high-earth orbits.
Fisher称，中国在2002年进行的一次军力展示中，官员们对可以携带2000KG有效载荷到达高地球轨道的KT-2A，进行了吹捧。
“Since its appearance a decade ago, the KT series of space launchvehicles presaged what we now know, that a key Chinese strategic goal has beento deny outer space as a sanctuary to support American military operations,”Fisher said.
Fisher说，“十年前出现的KT系列太空运载火箭表明我们现在知道的情况是正确的，那就是中国一项关键的战略目标一直以来就是拒绝让外太空成为支持美军军事行动的庇护所。”
A KT-1 microsatellite launcher wasdisplayed at the Zhuhai air show in 2000, and “it was fairly obvious that thiscould become the basis for an ASAT, and it was used as the basis for the SC-19 ASATdemonstrated successfully in January 2007,” Fisher said.
2000年的珠海航展上，展示过一款KT-1微型卫星的发射装置。Fisher说，“相当明显的，这款发射装置可以成为反卫星武器的基础，随后在2007年1月成功进行的SC-19反卫星武器展示中，也是以这款发射装置作为基础的。”
Because China will not join a verifiablespace control agreement, “Washington has little choice, if it is to continue todeter China militarily, but to build far greater redundancy, passive and activedefenses for outer space,” he said.
由于中国将不会加入可核实的太空控制协议，Fisher说，“如果要阻止中国继续发展军力，华盛顿方面就得建设具有很高冗余度、被动或主动的防御系统来保护外太空，除此之外，几乎别无选择。”
China ASAT caused space debris
中国反卫星武器试验制造空间碎片
U.S. officials estimate that China’s 2007ASAT test that destroyed an aging weather satellite in low-earth orbit nowaccounts for 45 percent of all space debris in low-earth orbit.
美国官员估计，中国2007年进行的摧毁低轨道的老化气象卫星的反卫星试验，所产生的碎片现今占到低轨道上空间碎片总数的45%.
After a year of stonewalling by China onthe test, an official U.S. demarche, or protest note, was sent to Beijing inJanuary 2008. According to a copy of the note made public by Wikileaks, theprotest warned the Chinese government, “Any purposeful interference with U.S.space systems will be interpreted by the United States as an infringement ofits rights and considered an escalation in a crisis or conflict.”
在中国的试验对美国造成妨碍的一年之后，美国于2008年1月向北京方面送达了外交照会或者抗议信。根据维基泄密公布的一份抗议信副本显示，抗议信对中国政府进行了警告，“任何有意妨害美国太空系统的行为都将被美国解读为对其权利的侵犯，在危机或冲突期间会被认为是使局势扩大化的行为。”
“The United States reserves the right, consistent with the [UnitedNations] Charter and international law, to defend and protect its space systemswith a wide range of options, from diplomatic to military,” stated the protest,made by then-U.S. Ambassador to China Clark Randt.
时任美国驻华大使兰特，在给中国政府的抗议信中称，“美国保留依据联合国宪章和国际法律，采取从外交到军事范围内的各种手段，来保护和捍卫自己太空系统的权利。”
A joint State Department-Pentagon report toCongress on export controls made public in April states that China is“developing space-based methods to counter ballistic missile defenses of theUnited States and our allies, including anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons.”
4月份公布的一份由美国国务院和五角大楼联合提交给国会的报告中说到，中国“正在发展天基手段来对抗美国和我们盟友们的弹道导弹防御系统，其中包括反卫星武器。”
“As China advances in operational space capabilities, it is activelyfocusing on how to destroy, disrupt, or deny U.S. access to our own spaceassets,” the report said.
报告还写道，“由于操控太空能力的提升，使得中国更加积极地将注意力集中在如何破坏，干扰或者使美国无法利用自己的太空优势上。”
China is developing and refining its ASATweapons as part of a “multi-dimensional program to limit or prevent the use ofspace-based assets by potential adversaries during times of conflict,” thereport said.
报告写道，中国正在发展与完善自己的反卫星武器，使其作为“在冲突时，限制或阻止潜在对手利用其天基优势的“多维项目””的一部。
“In addition to the direct-ascent [missile] ASAT program, China isdeveloping other technologies and concepts for kinetic and directed energy forASAT missions,” including electronic jamming of satellite communications andlasers that disrupt satellites, the report said.
报告中称，“除直升式反卫星武器项目之外，中国也在为动能与定向能反卫星的任务，发展其他技术与设想，包括对卫星通信进行电子干扰，和用激光对卫星进行破坏。”。
ASAT weapons “have significant implicationsfor anti-access/area-denial efforts against the United States in Taiwan Straitcontingencies,” the report said. Those weapons and capabilities are beingdeveloped by China as a means to force the U.S. military out of Asian watersand territory and make it more difficult for U.S. forces to get into the regionduring a conflict, such as a defense of Taiwan. Other anti-access area denialweapons include anti-ship ballistic missiles, cyber warfare capabilities, andsubmarines.
报告中称，反卫星武器具有“在台湾海峡发生意外时，对美国实施反介入与区域封锁的重大意义。”中国正在发展的这些武器与能力，可以作为一种手段，迫使美军退出亚洲水域与领土，也会使美军更加难以介入该地区的冲突，比如说对台湾的防卫。其他的区域反介入武器包括弹道反舰导弹（如DF-21D），网络攻击能力和潜艇。
Defense Intelligence Agency director Lt.Gen. Ronald L. Burgess told Congress in February that “China successfullytested a direct ascent anti-satellite weapon (ASAT) missile and is developingjammers and directed-energy weapons for ASAT missions.”
国防情报局主任RonaldL. Burgess中将，在2月份时告诉国会说，“中国成功测试了一种直升式反卫星导弹，并正在为反卫星任务开发干扰机和定向能武器。”
Burgess said that as “a prerequisite forASAT attacks, China’s ability to track and identify satellites is enhanced bytechnologies from China’s manned and lunar programs as well as technologies andmethods developed to detect and track space debris.”
Burgess中将说，“作为反卫星武器攻击的先决条件之一，中国对卫星进行追踪和确认能力的提升，得益于来自载人航天和登月项目中的技术，也得益于在探测与追踪太空碎片中所积累的技术与方法。”
Another ASAT test by China will likelyundermine the Obama administration’s controversial space arms control proposal,introduced in January. Many in the Pentagon oppose the International Code ofConduct for Outer Space Activities over concerns it would place limits on U.S.space capabilities.
中国再次进行反卫星武器试验，很可能将会破坏奥巴马政府在2月份出台的有争议的太空军备控制方案。五角大楼很多人反对“外太空活动国际行为准则”，认为它会限制美国的太空能力。
U.S. lagging in counterspace
美国在太空反制中落后
Despite China’s continuing development ofspace weapons, the administration has done no research or development intoso-called counterspace weapons and other capabilities that could deter Chinafrom its ASAT and anti-satellite laser and jammer arms, according to militaryofficials. The opposition is based on the administration’s preference for armscontrol negotiations and agreements as a major element of its U.S. nationalsecurity policies, the officials said.
据美军官员称，尽管中国持续发展太空武器，但美国政府却尚未对所谓的“太空反制”武器和其他能力进行任何研究，这些可以阻止中国使反卫星武器，反卫星激光和卫星干扰装置。
Frank Rose, deputy assistant secretary ofstate for arms control, said in a speech in April that the space code ofconduct would include legally nonbinding “transparency and confidence-buildingmeasures.”
负责军备控制的副国务卿FrankRose在4月的一次演讲中称，太空行为准则可能包括不具法律约束力的“透明和建立信任机制。”
However, a Pentagon Joint Staff assessmentof the space code of conduct concluded that U.S. adherence to the code’sprovisions would hurt U.S. space operations in several areas.
然而，五角大楼联合参谋部在一份对“太空行为准则”的评估中得出结论称，遵守该准则的条款不会损害美国在一些领域中的太空行动。
The Pentagon’s National Security SpaceStrategy from 2011 makes little mention of counterspace weapons. It states thatU.S. policy is “to dissuade and deter” others from developing space weapons,without providing specifics.
美国五角大楼于2011年发布的《国家安全太空战略》中，很少提及太空反制武器。该战略报告中称，美国的政策是“劝阻并制止”其他国家发展太空武器，但报告中并未提供实施细节。
The Pentagon indirectly demonstrated anASAT capability in 2008 when it used a modified ship-based SM-3 anti-missileinterceptor to shoot down a falling, low-earth orbit spy satellite that wasconsidered a danger because its fuel tank might have passed through theatmosphere and landed on earth.
2008年，五角大楼通过使用改进后的海基SM-3反导弹拦截器击落一个坠落中的低地球轨道间谍卫星，从而间接证实了自己具有反卫星能力。这枚卫星被认为是十分危险的，因为其燃料箱在下降的过程中，可能会穿过大气层，降落到地面上。
Cables detail PRC’s first ASAT test
电报揭示中国首次反卫星武器试验详情
According to a classified Jan. 12, 2010,State Department cable made public by Wikileaks, China conducted its mostrecent ASAT test on Jan. 11 of that year.
维基解密公布的一份美国国务院2010年1月12日的机密电报称，中国与同年1月11日进行了最近一次的反卫星武器测试。
According to the cable, an ASAT missile designatedSC-19 was fired from China’s Korla Missile Test Complex and successfullyintercepted a CSS-X-11 medium-range ballistic missile launched from theShuangchengzi Space and Missile Center.
根据这则电报，一种名为SC-19的反卫星导弹从中国库尔勒导弹综合试验场发射，成功拦截一枚从双城子空间和导弹中心发射的CSS-X-11型中程弹道导弹。
The two missiles were tracked by U.S.missile warning satellites to an intercept point at an altitude of about 155miles in space.
美国导弹预警卫星对这两枚导弹进行了追踪，拦截交汇点位于大约155英里高的太空中。
Until then, the SC-19 had been usedpreviously to boost China’s first successful direct-ascent anti-satelliteintercept on Jan. 11, 2007, when a missile rammed into China’s FY-1C weathersatellite.
在那以前的2007年1月11日，SC-19已被成功用于中国首次直升式反卫星拦截试验中，当时导弹撞击了中国风云1号C气象卫星。
“Previous SC-19 DA-ASAT flight-tests were conducted in 2005 and2006,” the 2010 cable said. “This test is assessed to have furthered bothChinese ASAT and ballistic missile defense [BMD] technologies.”
2010年的电报称，“早先的SC-19直升式反卫星武器飞行测试分别进行于2005和2006年，据评估，这次试验同时提高了中国在反卫星武器和弹道导弹防御方面的技术。”
The cable contained a U.S. protest note toChina on the 2010 test seeking an explanation for Chinese officials about thepurpose of the test and “what steps were taken to minimize the creation oforbital debris.”
这则电报包含了美国给中国的一封关于此次试验的抗议信，信中要求中国对此次试验的目的进行解释并询问中国“采取什么步骤来将产生的轨道碎片降到最低。”
The cable said that since the 2007 ASATtest, the United States had urged China not to conduct further space weaponstests.
电报称，自中国2007年进行反卫星武器试验后，美国政府一直敦促中国不要进行更深层次的太空武器测试。
An earlier cable revealed that U.S.intelligence agencies had advance word of the 2010 space weapons test, andnoted that China was not expected to provide notification in advance of thetest, which proved accurate.
一封更早的电报透露，美国情报局在2010年的太空武器测试前就已经得到消息，并预期中国不会对此次试验进行预先通知，这在事后也被证明是准确的。
Other State Department cables revealedconflicting statements from Chinese officials on whether China planned toconduct future ASAT tests. Chinese Foreign Ministry official He Yafeiunequivocally stated to U.S. officials in June 2008 that China would notconduct future ASAT tests. In July, China Lt. Gen. Zhang Qinshengsaid there were no plans for an ASAT test in the near future.
其他美国国务院的电报表明，在中国会不会计划进行更进一步的反卫星武器测试的问题上，来自中国官员的声明是相互矛盾的。2008年6月，中国外交不官员何亚飞明确告知美国官员说，中国未来不会进行反卫星武器试验。同年7月，章钦生中将表示最近没有进行反卫星武器试验的计划。
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