超级军网[转自龙腾网]英国经济学人：如何纪念郑成功
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/27 23:27:32
翻译加工厂，等你来认领！三个W 点 ltaaa 点 com / translation
翻译文简介:
本月初中国的第一艘航母要从港口城市大连出发开始她最长的航海试验，其中包括歼15的起飞和降落练习。尽管中国的国家媒体仍然在官方上以这艘船的前苏联名字——瓦良格号来称呼她，但据谣传 当这艘航母正式服役后将改名为——施琅号
原创翻译：龙腾网 三个W 点 ltaaa 点 com 翻译：翻译加工厂 转载请注明出处
-------------译者：bigsnail-------------
EARLIER this month China’s first aircraft-carrier set out from the port city of Dalian to begin her longest sea trial to date, one that is likely to include J-15 fighters performing take-off and landing exercises. While China’s state media still officially refer to the ship by its original Russian name, Varyag, it has long been rumoured that when the new carrier is finally commissioned she will acquire a new name: the Shi Lang.
It is an interesting choice, if not especially subtle. In 1683 Admiral Shi Lang led an invasion force across the Taiwan Straits to dislodge an independent kingdom that had been established by rebels who fled the mainland. They had chosen autonomy in favour of submission to a new regime.
Should the carrier be commissioned this year, it would be an equally significant choice of dates. In the contemporary calendar, 2012 marks the 350th anniversary since that breakaway kingdom was founded, by Zheng Chenggong, who is better known outside China as Koxinga.
本月初中国的第一艘航母要从港口城市大连出发开始她最长的航海试验，其中包括歼15的起飞和降落练习。尽管中国的国家媒体仍然在官方上以这艘船的前苏联名字——瓦良格号来称呼她，但据谣传当这艘航母正式服役后将改名为——施琅号。
这是个有意思的选择，如果不是特别微妙的话。1683年海军将领施琅带领一支军队跨越台湾海峡灭掉了由一群逃离大陆的造反者建立的独立王国。他们选择自治，而不屈服于一个新政权。
今年航母要是服役的话，选择在哪个日子服役也是很重要的。在当代的日历上，2012年是由郑成功建立的这个已覆灭的王朝诞辰350周年纪念。郑成功以国姓爷的名字闻名海外。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
He came from a storied family. Part merchant, part pirate, Koxinga’s father was the head of a sprawling maritime empire which stretched from Fujian to Japan. Koxinga was born into a world of busy commerce and conflict, where goods flowed among the ports of the western Pacific in a trade so lucrative it created its own economic centre of gravity. It pulled in silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru and investment and ships from as a far away as Lisbon, Madrid, Amsterdam and London.
他的家族充满着传奇经历。郑成功的父亲既是商人又是海盗，他的海上帝国统治着从福建到日本的广袤海域。郑成功出生在一个贸易繁忙，冲突不断的世界里。货物在西太平洋沿岸港口之间流动，这个利润极其丰厚的贸易行业创造了新的经济重心。来自墨西哥和秘鲁的白银，远自里斯本、马德里、阿姆斯特丹和伦敦的商船和投资都源源不断的涌入这里。
Koxinga’s life changed when the Ming dynasty fell in 1644. His father at first supported the Ming cause against the Manchu invasion but soon turned coats, betraying his imperial patron to the new dynasty. Koxinga took his loyalties more seriously, and continued to resist the new rulers. (The name Koxinga actually comes from a southern Chinese pronunciation of a title, Lord of the Imperial Surname, given to him by a grateful Ming prince.) Forced off of the mainland in 1661, Koxinga and his fleet fled to Taiwan, which was then nominally under the control of the Dutch. His forces lay siege to their garrison for nearly a year, finally forcing the Dutch commander to surrender in February 1662.
随着1644年明朝灭亡，郑成功的人生发生了转折。他的父亲一开始支持明朝反抗满族侵略，但又很快改变立场背叛皇室赞助人，投降了新朝代。郑成功却忠贞不渝，继续抵抗新的统治者。（Koxinga一名来自汉语南方方言对“国姓爷”的拼写，这是因为一位明代亲王因为感激而赐姓郑成功国姓朱）。1661年郑成功放弃大陆，率船队撤往当时名义上由荷兰控制的台湾。1662年2月，经过对荷卫戍部队近一年的包围，他的军队最终迫使荷兰指挥官投降。
At the time, Taiwan was an inhospitable place. It had never been under the administrative control of any mainland government, and its position at the heart of the Pacific trade routes made it a natural haven for smugglers, pirates, outlaws, foreign adventurers and a few hardy settlers from China’s coastal provinces. First the Portuguese and later the Dutch claimed the island for themselves, but only the bravest souls ventured inland. The island’s aboriginal inhabitants had already developed a fearsome reputation for hostility to outsiders. And even after Shi Lang’s eventual conquest, when Taiwan for the first time came under direct rule from the mainland, it remained a wild and lawless place and a difficult—often dangerous—posting for Chinese officials.
当时台湾还很荒凉，大陆政权的统治从未涉足过这里。位于太平洋贸易路线的中心位置，台湾是走私者、海盗、不法之徒以及一些来自中国沿海省份的勤劳移民的天然庇护所。葡萄牙人和荷兰人先后宣布对该岛的所有权。但是只有最无畏的勇士才敢冒险进入其腹地。岛上土著向来民风彪悍，对外来者充满敌意。甚至到施琅最后的征服，这座岛屿首次直接受到大陆管理之后，它依旧是一片无法无天的蛮荒之地，对于派遣到台湾的官员来说，他们的工作既举步维艰，又危机重重。
Koxinga remains a controversial figure not least because he is claimed as a “national hero” in three places: China, Taiwan and Japan.
郑成功是一位争议性的人物。尤其因为他同时被中国大陆、台湾、日本称为“民族英雄”。
Japan has always treated him as a native son. He was born in Nagasaki and his mother was the daughter of a Japanese lord. Just decades after Koxinga’s death, Chikamatsu Monzaemon, a master of the bunraku form of puppet theatre, made him the subject of one his most famous works. In Chikamatsu’s play, Koxinga is a great warrior who used the martial spirit and courage endowed to him by his Japanese blood to fight battles on exotic Chinese shores. During the period when Japan occupied Taiwan, from 1895 to 1945, Koxinga’s mixed heritage was used in propaganda that sought to prove a deep connection between the people of Japan and Taiwan.
日本人一直把他当做“日本民族的儿子”。他出生于长崎，母亲是日本领主之女。仅仅当他去世几十年后，木偶净琉璃戏大师近松门左卫门就把郑成功作为自己最富盛名的一部作品的主角。在近松门的戏中，
日本血统赋予郑成功尚武精神和勇气，这使得他成为了在异国他乡的中国海岸上奋勇战斗的伟大武士。日据台湾时期（1895-1945年），郑成功的各种遗产被用作宣传工具，试图证明日本人和台湾人间的深刻联系。
After the Chinese nationalists took their refuge in Taiwan, at the end of the civil war, Chiang Kai-shek’s Republic of China drew inspiration from stories of Koxinga’s resistance against hostile forces on the mainland—and his desire to reclaim lost territory across the straits. The Generalissimo Chiang himself was sometimes spoken of as a latter-day Koxinga, though clearly Taiwan would like to avoid the fate of the Zheng family.
继中国的民族主义者逃亡台湾避难之后，解放战争末期，蒋介石的中华民国从郑成功抵抗大陆敌军的故事和他跨过海峡光复失地的渴望中吸取了灵感。作为三军统帅，蒋介石自己有时候也被称为现代郑成功，但是台湾显然想要避免郑氏家族的命运。
Back in the People’s Republic of China, textbooks remember Koxinga as a patriotic Chinese hero who boldly “recovered Taiwan” from imperialist Dutch interlopers. His exploits are a key part of the “Patriotic History” narrative, which bolsters Koxinga’s anti-imperialist credentials while glossing over the condition of Taiwan before the Dutch arrived. To say nothing of his mixed parentage, or the fact that this Chinese hero was raised, in the words of Tonio Andrade, an historian, “with a samurai sword in his hand.”
中华人民共和国的教科书把郑成功称作中华民族的英雄，这是为了纪念他英勇地从荷兰帝国主义侵略者的魔爪中“收复台湾”。他的丰功伟绩是“爱国主义历史”叙述中的关键部分，这种叙述给郑成功反帝国主义者的身份提供了证明，却对荷兰人到达前台湾的状况大加掩饰，更不必说对郑成功的异国血统只字不提了——如历史学家 Tonio Andrade所说，这是一位“手持武士刀”的中国英雄。
In a recent article, Mr Andrade, who has written extensively on Taiwan and its colonial past, described the frustration he faced in trying to get his book, Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China’s First Great Victory over the West, translated and published on the mainland:
Andrade先生对台湾及其殖民史颇有研究。在最新的一篇文章中他讲述了《无人知晓的故事——中国对西方的第一次伟大胜利》一书在大陆翻译出版的过程中所遇到的阻碍。
My erstwhile publisher asked whether I would acquiesce to omitting some “sensitive material” and changing some wording. It sounded like an innocuous request until I got to the details. Since Koxinga is considered a “positive figure in China,” my publisher informed me that the text would have to omit any discussion of torture by him and his soldiers. (Descriptions of Dutch atrocities were acceptable, though.) The book couldn’t refer to Koxinga as a “conqueror” or a “warlord,” and his “restoration of Taiwan” couldn’t be referred to as an invasion or an attack. Similarly, any mention of resistance by Taiwan’s aboriginal peoples (who, historical sources make clear, rose up and killed thousands of his soldiers), would also have to be excised, on the grounds that such episodes hint at “some sort of consciousness of Taiwanese independence”. The Chinese publisher said that if I refused to make such changes, the translation wouldn’t proceed. “Abridgement,” I was told, “is unavoidable.”
Given this legacy, it is little wonder that Chinese military officials should consider naming their new carrier the Shi Lang and not the Zheng Chenggong. Koxinga may have claimed or reclaimed Taiwan, but there is too much disagreement still over who can lay claim to his complicated legacy.
我以前的出版商问我是否能默许删除一些“敏感材料”和改变某些措辞。这请求听上去无伤大雅，直至我得知详情。由于郑成功“在中国被视为一位正面人物”，我的出版商通知我正文部分不得不删除任何有关他和他手下对俘虏刑讯拷打的论述。（但荷兰人暴行的描写可以接受）这本书不能把郑成功讲成一个“征服者”或者“军阀”，“收复台湾”不能讲成侵略或者袭击。同样的，所有提到台湾原住民（历史资料明确指出他们起来反抗并杀死了数以千计的士兵）的地方都被删去了，因为这样的事件暗示了“某种台湾人的独立意识”。中国出版商表示如果我拒绝以上种种改动，那么翻译工作就无法继续。我被告知“删节无法避免。”难怪中国军方官员会考虑将新航母命名为“施琅号”而非“郑成功号”。郑成功也许成功占领或者收复了台湾，但是在那些声称继承了他复杂遗产的人们之中，仍旧充斥着太多的争论与分歧。
评论翻译:
-------------译者：anyan7654-------------
Leon HAHAJul 28th, 07:56
If invading Taiwan is the aim of the new aircraft carrier, the Shi Lang, I would advise Taiwanese government to stock pile some anti-carrier missiles and bet that China will need quite a few more Shi Langs to finish the job.
假如施琅号航母的目标之一是解放台湾的话，我建议台湾政府积存一些反航母飞弹，这样可以确保中国需要更多的施琅号航母才能解放台湾。
east windJul 28th, 08:02
"Overthrow the Qing, --- Restore the Ming"
General KOXINGA --- a great Ming Loyalist, a true Son of China --- who wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and to restore the Ming Dynasty
The second Chinese PLA aircraft -carrier will be named after this upright and pious man
“反清复明”
郑成功将军是一位明朝的忠臣，是一位真正的中国人，他一直想反清复明。
第二艘中国航母将会以这位 正直与尽责的人命名。
Leon HAHAin reply to east windJul 28th, 08:06
Don't you know the CCP is the Qing in this new parody? The old KMT government in Taiwan saw itself as the Ming...you both are quite delusional.
（回复楼上）你不知道在这次新的拙劣模仿中（指对反清复明的历史模仿）中国共产党相当于清朝么？在台湾的老国民党政府把自己看做明朝····你的这些想法都是妄想。
east windin reply to Leon HAHAJul 28th, 15:36
All said and done--- the truth remains that Taiwan is a province of China
The whole world recognizes that China have the sovereignty over Taiwan
The UN recognizes that Taiwan is a province of China
Historically--- both the Ming and the Qing Dynasties were legitimate owners of the "MANDATE of HEAVEN"
Qing Dynasty did everything it could to prove that it possessed the "MANDATE of HEAVEN"
（回复楼上）总而言之---真相就是台湾只是中国的一个省
全世界都承认中国对于台湾拥有无可争议的主权
联合国也承认台湾只是中国的一个省。
历史上来说，不论是明朝还是清朝都认为他们是顺应天命，继承了中华正统。
清朝做了一切他们能做的去证明他们顺应天命
-------------译者：husama-------------
Expand 6 more replies
Leon HAHAJul 28th, 08:03
"In 1683 Admiral Shi Lang led an invasion force across the Taiwan Straits to dislodge an independent kingdom that had been established by rebels who fled the mainland. They had chosen autonomy in favour of submission to a new regime."
Where Zheng Chenggong's son had failed, Taiwan has succeeded for the last 50 years or so. Chinese hero or not, Zheng Chenggong's legacy and what followed after his death is indeed something about which China may not want to think too deeply.
引用“ 1683年海军将领施琅带领一支军队跨越台湾海峡灭掉了由一群逃离大陆的造反者建立的独立王国。他们选择自治，而不屈服于一个新政权。” 郑成功的儿子失败的地方，台湾已经成功屹立了五十年。无论是不是中国英雄，郑成功死后的留下来的和随之而来的，确实是中国不愿继续深思的
YFUEqzjhDAJul 28th, 08:29
I find it humorous at how Koxinga is once again a victim of historical reinterpretation. During the Japanese colonial period he was trumpeted as a bridge between Taiwan and Japan as he had a Japanese mother and resisted the Qing dynasty which still existed at the time of the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
我发现非常滑稽的是，郑成功在历史重新解读下，一次又一次成为受害者。在日本殖民时期，他被看做是台湾和日本的桥梁因为他有一个日本老妈，而且在马关条约时期反抗当时仍然存在的清王朝。
Joseph LemienJul 28th, 09:31
A fascinating story of a historical figure. Thank you so much for illuminating his complicated legacy and the struggle to use his story as political power.
历史中一个引人入胜的故事。感谢你解释了他的复杂的遗赠和政权利用他的故事所作的斗争。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
Jean MichelJul 28th, 14:22
It would be a bad choice if China named its first aircraft carrier after Koxinga. China will not make this mistake. There are plenty of names to choose from.
This article is designed to scare the Taiwanese and the Japanese.
如果中国的第一艘航母以郑成功命名的话，那将会是个糟糕的选择。中国不会犯这样的错误。他们有很多名字可供选择。
这篇文章就是用来吓唬台湾人和日本人的。
east windin reply to Jean MichelJul 29th, 00:57
KOXINGA and SHI LANG = Great CHINESE General/Admiral
KOXINGA deserves recognition for his fierce loyalty to the dying MING Dynasty
While the Qing Dynasty offered huge bribes to 3 former Ming Generals to help Qing takes over the whole of China--- KOXINGA refused to accept Qing's offer of rewards for abandoning the defeated Ming EEmperor
When KOXINGA's father went over to join the new Qing Dynasty--- Koxinga burnt his own official robes and denounced his own father as a "traitor" to his beloved Ming Emperor
In truth Koxinga is the epitome of integrity
(1) Both Koxinga and Shi Lang were true Chinese patriots because;
(a) Koxinga raised an army, went to Taiwan , fought the Dutch , drove out the Dutch and recovered Taiwan for China's Ming Dynasty
(3) Shi Lang, the great Qing Dynasty Admiral led a military expedition to recover Taiwan for the Qing Dynasty
ACCORDINGLY ---
Both Koxinga and Shi Lang deserves to have Chinese aircraft-carriers named after them
（回楼上）郑成功和施琅=中华民族伟大的将军/海军将领
郑成功名不虚传——因为他对垂死的明王朝的极度忠诚
三个前明将领接受了清朝的巨额贿赂，帮助清朝接管整个中国的同时——郑成功拒绝接受清朝嘉奖，不放弃战败的明朝皇帝
郑成功的父亲投降新的清朝时——郑成功烧掉了父亲的官袍，向敬爱的明朝皇帝告发自己的父亲是“叛徒”
郑成功确实是诚实和正直的典范。
（1）因为郑成功和施琅都是真正的爱国者
（2）郑成功招兵买马前往台湾，他赶跑了荷兰人，为中国的明政权收复了台湾岛。
因此，用郑成功或者施琅来命名中国航母都是应该的。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
YFUEqzjhDAin reply to east windJul 29th, 04:01
Considering his perseverance and unswerving loyalty to his cause against all odds, Liu Xiaobo is far more deserving to have an aircraft carrier named after him. Wouldn't you say so?
（回楼上）考虑到面对重重困难所表现出的坚韧不拔与忠贞不渝，更应该用LXB（注：人权积极份子）的名字来命名一艘航母，难道不是吗？
Expand 4 more replies
ewakornJul 29th, 01:18
Neither Koxinga nor Shi Lang is a black or white figure in Chinese history.
Koxinga is known for his harsh discipline towards his followers and even his family. In fact, after Shi Lang fled to Qing (Shi Lang used to be a retainer of Koxinga), Koxinga ordered Shi's entire family executed.
But understandably Koxinga needed to be tough. Before he captured Taiwan, for many years his only bases were the dual islands of Kinmen and Xiamen. And many followers were actually pirates before they turned Ming soldiers.
Shi Lang sought personal vendetta against the Zheng family. But after he captured Taiwan, Qing Court had ordered to relocate all Chinese immigrants back to Mainland. It is only upon the petition of Shi Lang that the Qing Court rescinded the edict.
中国历史上，郑成功和施琅都不是大善或者大恶之人。
郑成功因严酷惩罚他的追随者乃至其家人而闻名。事实上，在施琅逃往清朝之后（施琅曾经是郑成功的手下），郑成功下令诛杀了施琅全家。
但是郑成功的强硬立场也可以理解，多年以来他只有金门和厦门两个据点，直到占领台湾。他的许多追随者在成为明朝士兵前也确实是海盗。
施琅和郑氏家族有宿仇。但是在施琅夺取台湾之后，他没有按清廷要求将所有中国移民回迁大陆，而是上书请求朝廷废除了这项命令。
guest-iomjnisin reply to ewakornJul 29th, 03:08
The China section is a troll section. Please do not post any serious posts in this section. KTHX
中国专栏就是专门用来钓鱼的。请别在这个栏目下认真留言。好吧，谢谢
-------------译者：五味沁心雨-------------
9ZgVzhW5WDJul 29th, 03:22
In Google search I found this excerpts from Coyett’s “Neglected Formosa”. Coyett was the last Dutch governor of Taiwan who fought and surrendered to Koxinga. Please read what he had to say in the book he wrote for what happened. I will try to get a copy of the book, it has gotten me interested and fired up.
我在谷歌搜索发现Coyett摘录的“被忽视的福尔摩沙”。Coyett 是荷兰在台湾的末代总督，他败在了郑成功手下。请读一下他在书中是怎么写这个事的。我会试着找找这本书，他激起了我的兴趣。
Jasiek w japoniiJul 29th, 03:29
If Koxinga was a Chinese, Chopin could not be a Pole but a French or Russian ;-)
如果郑成功是中国人，肖邦就不是波兰人而是个法国或俄罗斯人
TracyDin reply to Jasiek w japoniiAug 11th, 21:28
False analogy. Chopin, although half-French by blood, was thoroughly Polish in his upbringing and identity. The same cannot be said of Koxinga with regard to his ties to Japan.
You are not defined solely by your place of birth.
（回复楼上） 错误的类比。肖邦虽然有一半法国血统，在他的成长环境和身份上是个彻底的波兰人。同样，也不能说郑成功和日本有什么关系。
你不能局限于你的出生地
9ZgVzhW5WDJul 29th, 03:33
The following is what Coyett says in his book about what Koxinga thinks of the so called Dutch friendship. From that, I have to say Koxinga has a very good in depth understanding of the Dutch and he must have conducted a good intelligence work before making his move.
Koxinga’s Response to Dutch protestations of friendship: “[Holland’s friendship] held towards him was of the same nature as that held towards other Indian Potentates and Princes: namely, that from their side, it lasted just so long as there was any advantage to be gained by it; for if they saw it to be to their advantage, no such friendship was observed, but they would not scruple in the least to throw a net over any one’s head when it suited them to do so.”
以下是Coyett在他的书中关于所谓的郑成功认为荷兰的友谊。我必须说郑成功非常了解荷兰，他在战前做到了知己知彼。
郑成功对荷兰示好的反应：“（荷兰的友谊）对他和对印度其它统治者和王子们一样，即：以他们的角度，对他们有利就维持友谊，因为如果他们觉得对他们有利，不需要观察就可以建立友谊，但是如果需要的话他们也会毫无顾忌的牺牲掉他们”
-------------译者：寰宇龙腾-------------
sharkroroAug 3rd, 08:08
“The miracle of the discovery, that had never been seen, of the deserted aboriginal - which left for these grandiose mountain and river - shifts to the lost loyalist’s world belonging to former dynasty. The detailed adversity of the circumstances, that got him stretched less, of all-life surroundings - that were returned from personal sorrow to those sky and earth - turns to an all-advanced spiritualist.” - by Shen Bao-jen (1820-1879) of Qing dynasty’s Southern-Ocean Commercial Minister.
“开万古得未曾有之奇，洪荒留此山川，作遗民世界；极一生无可如何之遇，缺憾还诸天地，是创格完人。”——沈葆桢（1820－1879）清代南洋大臣。（注：沈葆桢（1820－1879），字幼丹，又字翰宇，汉族，福建侯官（今福州）人。清代抵抗侵略的著名封疆大吏林则徐之婿。咸丰十一年（1861），曾国藩请他赴安庆大营，委以重用。同治十三年（1874），日本以琉球船民漂流到台湾，被高山族人民误杀为借口，发动侵台战争。清廷派沈葆桢为钦差大臣，赴台办理海防，兼理各国事务大臣，筹划海防事宜，办理日本撤兵交涉。由此，沈葆桢开始了他在台湾的近代化倡导之路。）
The above was written after Emperor Guanghsu’s permission in 1875 when Shen supervised the defense affair in Tainan, then capital of “Taiwan County” belonging to Fujian Province. Before then, Qing tended to hate Zheng’s separatism. Shen groaned the contemporary sufferings from European power’s insults at China, expressing thoughts of the ambition to have Han and Manchurian hug together.
上面对联写于1875年，光绪皇帝允许他监督台湾防务之后。当时台湾县属于福建省。此前，清朝试图打击郑的分离势力。沈葆桢痛心于时人受到欧洲势力压迫，发出汉满团结的志向。
For me, reciting this poem is the best way to remember Koxinga, the founder of first Chinese regime in Taiwan. In cross-strait China, Koxinga is a hero whose legacy must be taught to descendants owing to his maintaining Chinese dignity. In politics, there is no absolute question or answer. Therefore, making good use of the alteration of truth and explanation about this period, the present Beijing centre shows the political means of kind and smooth way to settle down Taiwan issue while holding attitude toward one-China policy.
对我而言，引述这幅对联是对郑成功最好的纪念。郑是在台湾建立中国政体的第一人。在海峡两岸的中国，郑是一位英雄，他的精神遗产必须教于后人，因为他保存了中国的尊严。政治方面没有完全绝对的问题或答案。因此，利用好真实的变更和解释这一段时期，北京方面释放了政治善意和柔软手段来安抚台湾事务，同时坚定一个中国政策。
For territorial integrity first, no other regime is legally allowed to be called China in any form. But, he brings Chinese civilization for Taiwan, full of Chinese nationalist awareness - although an isolated loneliness. Therefore, there is positive more than negative. In Taiwan’s history, all the recorded rulers comes from outside Taiwan except for Lee Tung-huee and Chen Shui-buan. The similar idea of critique from this to that is for Chen, who established the first real Chinese democracy. As dealing with the political affairs, too many paranoid or just peeping at the tiny - the halo effect - appears only to lose the original stand. Sometimes audiences feel the politics strange, but win-loss or say wax-wane cycle is ordinary phenomenon that politics is.
因为领土完整为第一要务 ，没有其他政体被允许称为中国，无论以何种方式。但是，郑给台湾带来了中华文明，充满了中华民族主义意识——虽然是隔绝的孤独。因此，积极方面大于消极方面。在台湾的历史里，所有的统治者都是台湾岛外的，除了李登辉和陈水扁。相同看法的文章，认为陈水扁建立了第一个真正意义上的民主。处理政治事物时，太多的偏执狂和狭隘者，丧失了最初的立场。有时观察者觉得政治奇怪，但是输赢，或者说盈亏循环本是政治中的平常现象。
Zheng Cheng-gong (Aug. 1624-Jun.1662) was born in Japan. His father Zheng Zhi-long and Yen Hs-chi did piratical business in many East Asian nation. At age of 6, he studied in Fujian and Nanjing under Ming’s scholars after his father and the followings surrender to Ming. In 1644, Qing started in Beijing. After Shi Ke-fa failed to resist Qing’s military, in 1645, he accepted “Zhu”, Ming’s royalty name, as his afterward family name in Ming Emperor Longwu’s gift - the origin of Koxinga. Later, he rejected his father’s suggestion of surrender to Qing, organizing the rest of Ming’s affiliation and successfully forming the biggest navy in Asia. In 1649, the last Ming Emperor Yongli awarded him “King of Yengpin” - Taiwanese respectful request.
郑成功（1624.8—1662.6）生于日本。他父亲郑芝龙在东亚许多国家干海盗生意。6岁时在福建和南京求学于明朝学者，因为他父亲和追随者已经接受明朝廷招安了。1644年，清兵进入北京。1645年史可法兵败，郑成功接受明朝赐姓“朱”，作为后代的姓，这就是他被称为国姓爷的开始。此后，他反对父亲向清投降的建议 ，整顿明朝余部，并成功建立东亚最大的海军。1649年，明朝最后一个皇帝永利封他为延平王。
——台湾人恭敬的请求
In 1658, he and Zhang Huang-yen had regained the territory near downstream Yangtze river but it lasted very shortly. After he failed to recover Nanjing, he depended on the strong navy army, figuring out another source of army for the sustainable base of resistance to Qing. In 1661 while ensuring the safety of Xiamen by annihilating almost of Qing’s navy, he listened to Ho Bing’s advice on the gain in Taiwan island. He took Fort Provintia easily. Although Holland’s chief executive, Frederik Coyett, resisted his military for several months with afterward reinforce from Jakarta’s East India Company, he forced Holland to relinquish Fort Zeelandia in Feb, 1662. He developed Taiwan’s territory from present Changhua to Pintung but, just after few months, he died owing to heat of the fever as hearing of Qing’s seriously sea-trade ban.
1658年，郑成功和张皇言恢复了长江下游的版图，但是持续的时间很短。恢复南京失败之后，他依靠海军，想出了解决兵源基地以抗清的办法。1661年消灭了泉州的清兵，他听从建议夺取台湾岛。很容易就拿下赤嵌城。虽然荷兰总督 督揆一抵抗了几个月求援与雅加达的东印度公司。1662年2月，郑成功使荷兰人放弃了安平古堡。他把地盘从彰化扩展的屏东。因他听到清朝严厉的海禁令，外加水土不服几个月后患热病而死。
Zheng’s regime had a large group of trade ship and warship. He and his son, Zheng Zing who was supported by Chen Yung-hua, used the name “King of Yengpin” (interior China) or were called “Formosa King” (overseas) to keep their surviving regime. Since he began to war against Qing, his issuing visa for Chinese and foreigner was universally valid in Asia. For Qing, his regime threatened Beijing, finally ended by Shi Lang who left his military for Qing. In 1683, China returned to the unity state.
郑的政权有大量的商船和战船。他和他儿子郑经，用延平王（中国内部）或者台湾王（国外）的称呼来延续统治。自从他与清作战以来，他给中国人和外观人发行的visa在东亚都是有效地。对清而言，他的政权对北京是个威胁。后来施琅投降清。1683年中国重回一统。
This article in Analect is excellent when Taipei’s leader, Ma Ying-jeou, and Taiwanese gradually forgot the real truth of Taiwanese spirit. In my youth, the local prevailed spreading Zheng’s anything from head to toe. Twenty years on, continuing to do this is nonsense in Taiwan with poor economic growth (1.94% by Taiwan’s Academic Sinica) - just leave his relic in Tainan “Fuchun” (town in Chinese) alone. With global situation in consideration of China’s Communist Party’s resolution in 2008 - recovering Taiwan by 2016 - the new carrier should be named Shi-lang, for the reason that China coexists with the rest of the world with promotion to the advanced vision of majesty. And another reason is my advice to Beijing.
这篇文章很好，特别是当台湾地区领导人马英九和台湾人逐渐遗忘真实的台湾精神时。我年轻时，台湾当地关于郑成功的故事将我包围。二十几年来，由于台湾经济低迷（1.94%by台湾中科院），再提这些已经没有意义，郑在台南留下的只是“富春（钱塘江）”。考虑到全球局势，以及北京的决心——2016年解决台湾问题——新航母应命名为施琅，因为中国与世和平共处的先进的视野的威严。另一个原因则是我本人给北京的建议。
还有一部分就不贴了，大家可以自己来龙腾网查看。翻译加工厂，等你来认领！三个W 点 ltaaa 点 com / translation
翻译文简介:
本月初中国的第一艘航母要从港口城市大连出发开始她最长的航海试验，其中包括歼15的起飞和降落练习。尽管中国的国家媒体仍然在官方上以这艘船的前苏联名字——瓦良格号来称呼她，但据谣传 当这艘航母正式服役后将改名为——施琅号
原创翻译：龙腾网 三个W 点 ltaaa 点 com 翻译：翻译加工厂 转载请注明出处
-------------译者：bigsnail-------------
EARLIER this month China’s first aircraft-carrier set out from the port city of Dalian to begin her longest sea trial to date, one that is likely to include J-15 fighters performing take-off and landing exercises. While China’s state media still officially refer to the ship by its original Russian name, Varyag, it has long been rumoured that when the new carrier is finally commissioned she will acquire a new name: the Shi Lang.
It is an interesting choice, if not especially subtle. In 1683 Admiral Shi Lang led an invasion force across the Taiwan Straits to dislodge an independent kingdom that had been established by rebels who fled the mainland. They had chosen autonomy in favour of submission to a new regime.
Should the carrier be commissioned this year, it would be an equally significant choice of dates. In the contemporary calendar, 2012 marks the 350th anniversary since that breakaway kingdom was founded, by Zheng Chenggong, who is better known outside China as Koxinga.
本月初中国的第一艘航母要从港口城市大连出发开始她最长的航海试验，其中包括歼15的起飞和降落练习。尽管中国的国家媒体仍然在官方上以这艘船的前苏联名字——瓦良格号来称呼她，但据谣传当这艘航母正式服役后将改名为——施琅号。
这是个有意思的选择，如果不是特别微妙的话。1683年海军将领施琅带领一支军队跨越台湾海峡灭掉了由一群逃离大陆的造反者建立的独立王国。他们选择自治，而不屈服于一个新政权。
今年航母要是服役的话，选择在哪个日子服役也是很重要的。在当代的日历上，2012年是由郑成功建立的这个已覆灭的王朝诞辰350周年纪念。郑成功以国姓爷的名字闻名海外。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
He came from a storied family. Part merchant, part pirate, Koxinga’s father was the head of a sprawling maritime empire which stretched from Fujian to Japan. Koxinga was born into a world of busy commerce and conflict, where goods flowed among the ports of the western Pacific in a trade so lucrative it created its own economic centre of gravity. It pulled in silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru and investment and ships from as a far away as Lisbon, Madrid, Amsterdam and London.
他的家族充满着传奇经历。郑成功的父亲既是商人又是海盗，他的海上帝国统治着从福建到日本的广袤海域。郑成功出生在一个贸易繁忙，冲突不断的世界里。货物在西太平洋沿岸港口之间流动，这个利润极其丰厚的贸易行业创造了新的经济重心。来自墨西哥和秘鲁的白银，远自里斯本、马德里、阿姆斯特丹和伦敦的商船和投资都源源不断的涌入这里。
Koxinga’s life changed when the Ming dynasty fell in 1644. His father at first supported the Ming cause against the Manchu invasion but soon turned coats, betraying his imperial patron to the new dynasty. Koxinga took his loyalties more seriously, and continued to resist the new rulers. (The name Koxinga actually comes from a southern Chinese pronunciation of a title, Lord of the Imperial Surname, given to him by a grateful Ming prince.) Forced off of the mainland in 1661, Koxinga and his fleet fled to Taiwan, which was then nominally under the control of the Dutch. His forces lay siege to their garrison for nearly a year, finally forcing the Dutch commander to surrender in February 1662.
随着1644年明朝灭亡，郑成功的人生发生了转折。他的父亲一开始支持明朝反抗满族侵略，但又很快改变立场背叛皇室赞助人，投降了新朝代。郑成功却忠贞不渝，继续抵抗新的统治者。（Koxinga一名来自汉语南方方言对“国姓爷”的拼写，这是因为一位明代亲王因为感激而赐姓郑成功国姓朱）。1661年郑成功放弃大陆，率船队撤往当时名义上由荷兰控制的台湾。1662年2月，经过对荷卫戍部队近一年的包围，他的军队最终迫使荷兰指挥官投降。
At the time, Taiwan was an inhospitable place. It had never been under the administrative control of any mainland government, and its position at the heart of the Pacific trade routes made it a natural haven for smugglers, pirates, outlaws, foreign adventurers and a few hardy settlers from China’s coastal provinces. First the Portuguese and later the Dutch claimed the island for themselves, but only the bravest souls ventured inland. The island’s aboriginal inhabitants had already developed a fearsome reputation for hostility to outsiders. And even after Shi Lang’s eventual conquest, when Taiwan for the first time came under direct rule from the mainland, it remained a wild and lawless place and a difficult—often dangerous—posting for Chinese officials.
当时台湾还很荒凉，大陆政权的统治从未涉足过这里。位于太平洋贸易路线的中心位置，台湾是走私者、海盗、不法之徒以及一些来自中国沿海省份的勤劳移民的天然庇护所。葡萄牙人和荷兰人先后宣布对该岛的所有权。但是只有最无畏的勇士才敢冒险进入其腹地。岛上土著向来民风彪悍，对外来者充满敌意。甚至到施琅最后的征服，这座岛屿首次直接受到大陆管理之后，它依旧是一片无法无天的蛮荒之地，对于派遣到台湾的官员来说，他们的工作既举步维艰，又危机重重。
Koxinga remains a controversial figure not least because he is claimed as a “national hero” in three places: China, Taiwan and Japan.
郑成功是一位争议性的人物。尤其因为他同时被中国大陆、台湾、日本称为“民族英雄”。
Japan has always treated him as a native son. He was born in Nagasaki and his mother was the daughter of a Japanese lord. Just decades after Koxinga’s death, Chikamatsu Monzaemon, a master of the bunraku form of puppet theatre, made him the subject of one his most famous works. In Chikamatsu’s play, Koxinga is a great warrior who used the martial spirit and courage endowed to him by his Japanese blood to fight battles on exotic Chinese shores. During the period when Japan occupied Taiwan, from 1895 to 1945, Koxinga’s mixed heritage was used in propaganda that sought to prove a deep connection between the people of Japan and Taiwan.
日本人一直把他当做“日本民族的儿子”。他出生于长崎，母亲是日本领主之女。仅仅当他去世几十年后，木偶净琉璃戏大师近松门左卫门就把郑成功作为自己最富盛名的一部作品的主角。在近松门的戏中，
日本血统赋予郑成功尚武精神和勇气，这使得他成为了在异国他乡的中国海岸上奋勇战斗的伟大武士。日据台湾时期（1895-1945年），郑成功的各种遗产被用作宣传工具，试图证明日本人和台湾人间的深刻联系。
After the Chinese nationalists took their refuge in Taiwan, at the end of the civil war, Chiang Kai-shek’s Republic of China drew inspiration from stories of Koxinga’s resistance against hostile forces on the mainland—and his desire to reclaim lost territory across the straits. The Generalissimo Chiang himself was sometimes spoken of as a latter-day Koxinga, though clearly Taiwan would like to avoid the fate of the Zheng family.
继中国的民族主义者逃亡台湾避难之后，解放战争末期，蒋介石的中华民国从郑成功抵抗大陆敌军的故事和他跨过海峡光复失地的渴望中吸取了灵感。作为三军统帅，蒋介石自己有时候也被称为现代郑成功，但是台湾显然想要避免郑氏家族的命运。
Back in the People’s Republic of China, textbooks remember Koxinga as a patriotic Chinese hero who boldly “recovered Taiwan” from imperialist Dutch interlopers. His exploits are a key part of the “Patriotic History” narrative, which bolsters Koxinga’s anti-imperialist credentials while glossing over the condition of Taiwan before the Dutch arrived. To say nothing of his mixed parentage, or the fact that this Chinese hero was raised, in the words of Tonio Andrade, an historian, “with a samurai sword in his hand.”
中华人民共和国的教科书把郑成功称作中华民族的英雄，这是为了纪念他英勇地从荷兰帝国主义侵略者的魔爪中“收复台湾”。他的丰功伟绩是“爱国主义历史”叙述中的关键部分，这种叙述给郑成功反帝国主义者的身份提供了证明，却对荷兰人到达前台湾的状况大加掩饰，更不必说对郑成功的异国血统只字不提了——如历史学家 Tonio Andrade所说，这是一位“手持武士刀”的中国英雄。
In a recent article, Mr Andrade, who has written extensively on Taiwan and its colonial past, described the frustration he faced in trying to get his book, Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China’s First Great Victory over the West, translated and published on the mainland:
Andrade先生对台湾及其殖民史颇有研究。在最新的一篇文章中他讲述了《无人知晓的故事——中国对西方的第一次伟大胜利》一书在大陆翻译出版的过程中所遇到的阻碍。
My erstwhile publisher asked whether I would acquiesce to omitting some “sensitive material” and changing some wording. It sounded like an innocuous request until I got to the details. Since Koxinga is considered a “positive figure in China,” my publisher informed me that the text would have to omit any discussion of torture by him and his soldiers. (Descriptions of Dutch atrocities were acceptable, though.) The book couldn’t refer to Koxinga as a “conqueror” or a “warlord,” and his “restoration of Taiwan” couldn’t be referred to as an invasion or an attack. Similarly, any mention of resistance by Taiwan’s aboriginal peoples (who, historical sources make clear, rose up and killed thousands of his soldiers), would also have to be excised, on the grounds that such episodes hint at “some sort of consciousness of Taiwanese independence”. The Chinese publisher said that if I refused to make such changes, the translation wouldn’t proceed. “Abridgement,” I was told, “is unavoidable.”
Given this legacy, it is little wonder that Chinese military officials should consider naming their new carrier the Shi Lang and not the Zheng Chenggong. Koxinga may have claimed or reclaimed Taiwan, but there is too much disagreement still over who can lay claim to his complicated legacy.
我以前的出版商问我是否能默许删除一些“敏感材料”和改变某些措辞。这请求听上去无伤大雅，直至我得知详情。由于郑成功“在中国被视为一位正面人物”，我的出版商通知我正文部分不得不删除任何有关他和他手下对俘虏刑讯拷打的论述。（但荷兰人暴行的描写可以接受）这本书不能把郑成功讲成一个“征服者”或者“军阀”，“收复台湾”不能讲成侵略或者袭击。同样的，所有提到台湾原住民（历史资料明确指出他们起来反抗并杀死了数以千计的士兵）的地方都被删去了，因为这样的事件暗示了“某种台湾人的独立意识”。中国出版商表示如果我拒绝以上种种改动，那么翻译工作就无法继续。我被告知“删节无法避免。”难怪中国军方官员会考虑将新航母命名为“施琅号”而非“郑成功号”。郑成功也许成功占领或者收复了台湾，但是在那些声称继承了他复杂遗产的人们之中，仍旧充斥着太多的争论与分歧。
评论翻译:
-------------译者：anyan7654-------------
Leon HAHAJul 28th, 07:56
If invading Taiwan is the aim of the new aircraft carrier, the Shi Lang, I would advise Taiwanese government to stock pile some anti-carrier missiles and bet that China will need quite a few more Shi Langs to finish the job.
假如施琅号航母的目标之一是解放台湾的话，我建议台湾政府积存一些反航母飞弹，这样可以确保中国需要更多的施琅号航母才能解放台湾。
east windJul 28th, 08:02
"Overthrow the Qing, --- Restore the Ming"
General KOXINGA --- a great Ming Loyalist, a true Son of China --- who wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and to restore the Ming Dynasty
The second Chinese PLA aircraft -carrier will be named after this upright and pious man
“反清复明”
郑成功将军是一位明朝的忠臣，是一位真正的中国人，他一直想反清复明。
第二艘中国航母将会以这位 正直与尽责的人命名。
Leon HAHAin reply to east windJul 28th, 08:06
Don't you know the CCP is the Qing in this new parody? The old KMT government in Taiwan saw itself as the Ming...you both are quite delusional.
（回复楼上）你不知道在这次新的拙劣模仿中（指对反清复明的历史模仿）中国共产党相当于清朝么？在台湾的老国民党政府把自己看做明朝····你的这些想法都是妄想。
east windin reply to Leon HAHAJul 28th, 15:36
All said and done--- the truth remains that Taiwan is a province of China
The whole world recognizes that China have the sovereignty over Taiwan
The UN recognizes that Taiwan is a province of China
Historically--- both the Ming and the Qing Dynasties were legitimate owners of the "MANDATE of HEAVEN"
Qing Dynasty did everything it could to prove that it possessed the "MANDATE of HEAVEN"
（回复楼上）总而言之---真相就是台湾只是中国的一个省
全世界都承认中国对于台湾拥有无可争议的主权
联合国也承认台湾只是中国的一个省。
历史上来说，不论是明朝还是清朝都认为他们是顺应天命，继承了中华正统。
清朝做了一切他们能做的去证明他们顺应天命
-------------译者：husama-------------
Expand 6 more replies
Leon HAHAJul 28th, 08:03
"In 1683 Admiral Shi Lang led an invasion force across the Taiwan Straits to dislodge an independent kingdom that had been established by rebels who fled the mainland. They had chosen autonomy in favour of submission to a new regime."
Where Zheng Chenggong's son had failed, Taiwan has succeeded for the last 50 years or so. Chinese hero or not, Zheng Chenggong's legacy and what followed after his death is indeed something about which China may not want to think too deeply.
引用“ 1683年海军将领施琅带领一支军队跨越台湾海峡灭掉了由一群逃离大陆的造反者建立的独立王国。他们选择自治，而不屈服于一个新政权。” 郑成功的儿子失败的地方，台湾已经成功屹立了五十年。无论是不是中国英雄，郑成功死后的留下来的和随之而来的，确实是中国不愿继续深思的
YFUEqzjhDAJul 28th, 08:29
I find it humorous at how Koxinga is once again a victim of historical reinterpretation. During the Japanese colonial period he was trumpeted as a bridge between Taiwan and Japan as he had a Japanese mother and resisted the Qing dynasty which still existed at the time of the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
我发现非常滑稽的是，郑成功在历史重新解读下，一次又一次成为受害者。在日本殖民时期，他被看做是台湾和日本的桥梁因为他有一个日本老妈，而且在马关条约时期反抗当时仍然存在的清王朝。
Joseph LemienJul 28th, 09:31
A fascinating story of a historical figure. Thank you so much for illuminating his complicated legacy and the struggle to use his story as political power.
历史中一个引人入胜的故事。感谢你解释了他的复杂的遗赠和政权利用他的故事所作的斗争。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
Jean MichelJul 28th, 14:22
It would be a bad choice if China named its first aircraft carrier after Koxinga. China will not make this mistake. There are plenty of names to choose from.
This article is designed to scare the Taiwanese and the Japanese.
如果中国的第一艘航母以郑成功命名的话，那将会是个糟糕的选择。中国不会犯这样的错误。他们有很多名字可供选择。
这篇文章就是用来吓唬台湾人和日本人的。
east windin reply to Jean MichelJul 29th, 00:57
KOXINGA and SHI LANG = Great CHINESE General/Admiral
KOXINGA deserves recognition for his fierce loyalty to the dying MING Dynasty
While the Qing Dynasty offered huge bribes to 3 former Ming Generals to help Qing takes over the whole of China--- KOXINGA refused to accept Qing's offer of rewards for abandoning the defeated Ming EEmperor
When KOXINGA's father went over to join the new Qing Dynasty--- Koxinga burnt his own official robes and denounced his own father as a "traitor" to his beloved Ming Emperor
In truth Koxinga is the epitome of integrity
(1) Both Koxinga and Shi Lang were true Chinese patriots because;
(a) Koxinga raised an army, went to Taiwan , fought the Dutch , drove out the Dutch and recovered Taiwan for China's Ming Dynasty
(3) Shi Lang, the great Qing Dynasty Admiral led a military expedition to recover Taiwan for the Qing Dynasty
ACCORDINGLY ---
Both Koxinga and Shi Lang deserves to have Chinese aircraft-carriers named after them
（回楼上）郑成功和施琅=中华民族伟大的将军/海军将领
郑成功名不虚传——因为他对垂死的明王朝的极度忠诚
三个前明将领接受了清朝的巨额贿赂，帮助清朝接管整个中国的同时——郑成功拒绝接受清朝嘉奖，不放弃战败的明朝皇帝
郑成功的父亲投降新的清朝时——郑成功烧掉了父亲的官袍，向敬爱的明朝皇帝告发自己的父亲是“叛徒”
郑成功确实是诚实和正直的典范。
（1）因为郑成功和施琅都是真正的爱国者
（2）郑成功招兵买马前往台湾，他赶跑了荷兰人，为中国的明政权收复了台湾岛。
因此，用郑成功或者施琅来命名中国航母都是应该的。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
YFUEqzjhDAin reply to east windJul 29th, 04:01
Considering his perseverance and unswerving loyalty to his cause against all odds, Liu Xiaobo is far more deserving to have an aircraft carrier named after him. Wouldn't you say so?
（回楼上）考虑到面对重重困难所表现出的坚韧不拔与忠贞不渝，更应该用LXB（注：人权积极份子）的名字来命名一艘航母，难道不是吗？
Expand 4 more replies
ewakornJul 29th, 01:18
Neither Koxinga nor Shi Lang is a black or white figure in Chinese history.
Koxinga is known for his harsh discipline towards his followers and even his family. In fact, after Shi Lang fled to Qing (Shi Lang used to be a retainer of Koxinga), Koxinga ordered Shi's entire family executed.
But understandably Koxinga needed to be tough. Before he captured Taiwan, for many years his only bases were the dual islands of Kinmen and Xiamen. And many followers were actually pirates before they turned Ming soldiers.
Shi Lang sought personal vendetta against the Zheng family. But after he captured Taiwan, Qing Court had ordered to relocate all Chinese immigrants back to Mainland. It is only upon the petition of Shi Lang that the Qing Court rescinded the edict.
中国历史上，郑成功和施琅都不是大善或者大恶之人。
郑成功因严酷惩罚他的追随者乃至其家人而闻名。事实上，在施琅逃往清朝之后（施琅曾经是郑成功的手下），郑成功下令诛杀了施琅全家。
但是郑成功的强硬立场也可以理解，多年以来他只有金门和厦门两个据点，直到占领台湾。他的许多追随者在成为明朝士兵前也确实是海盗。
施琅和郑氏家族有宿仇。但是在施琅夺取台湾之后，他没有按清廷要求将所有中国移民回迁大陆，而是上书请求朝廷废除了这项命令。
guest-iomjnisin reply to ewakornJul 29th, 03:08
The China section is a troll section. Please do not post any serious posts in this section. KTHX
中国专栏就是专门用来钓鱼的。请别在这个栏目下认真留言。好吧，谢谢
-------------译者：五味沁心雨-------------
9ZgVzhW5WDJul 29th, 03:22
In Google search I found this excerpts from Coyett’s “Neglected Formosa”. Coyett was the last Dutch governor of Taiwan who fought and surrendered to Koxinga. Please read what he had to say in the book he wrote for what happened. I will try to get a copy of the book, it has gotten me interested and fired up.
我在谷歌搜索发现Coyett摘录的“被忽视的福尔摩沙”。Coyett 是荷兰在台湾的末代总督，他败在了郑成功手下。请读一下他在书中是怎么写这个事的。我会试着找找这本书，他激起了我的兴趣。
Jasiek w japoniiJul 29th, 03:29
If Koxinga was a Chinese, Chopin could not be a Pole but a French or Russian ;-)
如果郑成功是中国人，肖邦就不是波兰人而是个法国或俄罗斯人
TracyDin reply to Jasiek w japoniiAug 11th, 21:28
False analogy. Chopin, although half-French by blood, was thoroughly Polish in his upbringing and identity. The same cannot be said of Koxinga with regard to his ties to Japan.
You are not defined solely by your place of birth.
（回复楼上） 错误的类比。肖邦虽然有一半法国血统，在他的成长环境和身份上是个彻底的波兰人。同样，也不能说郑成功和日本有什么关系。
你不能局限于你的出生地
9ZgVzhW5WDJul 29th, 03:33
The following is what Coyett says in his book about what Koxinga thinks of the so called Dutch friendship. From that, I have to say Koxinga has a very good in depth understanding of the Dutch and he must have conducted a good intelligence work before making his move.
Koxinga’s Response to Dutch protestations of friendship: “[Holland’s friendship] held towards him was of the same nature as that held towards other Indian Potentates and Princes: namely, that from their side, it lasted just so long as there was any advantage to be gained by it; for if they saw it to be to their advantage, no such friendship was observed, but they would not scruple in the least to throw a net over any one’s head when it suited them to do so.”
以下是Coyett在他的书中关于所谓的郑成功认为荷兰的友谊。我必须说郑成功非常了解荷兰，他在战前做到了知己知彼。
郑成功对荷兰示好的反应：“（荷兰的友谊）对他和对印度其它统治者和王子们一样，即：以他们的角度，对他们有利就维持友谊，因为如果他们觉得对他们有利，不需要观察就可以建立友谊，但是如果需要的话他们也会毫无顾忌的牺牲掉他们”
-------------译者：寰宇龙腾-------------
sharkroroAug 3rd, 08:08
“The miracle of the discovery, that had never been seen, of the deserted aboriginal - which left for these grandiose mountain and river - shifts to the lost loyalist’s world belonging to former dynasty. The detailed adversity of the circumstances, that got him stretched less, of all-life surroundings - that were returned from personal sorrow to those sky and earth - turns to an all-advanced spiritualist.” - by Shen Bao-jen (1820-1879) of Qing dynasty’s Southern-Ocean Commercial Minister.
“开万古得未曾有之奇，洪荒留此山川，作遗民世界；极一生无可如何之遇，缺憾还诸天地，是创格完人。”——沈葆桢（1820－1879）清代南洋大臣。（注：沈葆桢（1820－1879），字幼丹，又字翰宇，汉族，福建侯官（今福州）人。清代抵抗侵略的著名封疆大吏林则徐之婿。咸丰十一年（1861），曾国藩请他赴安庆大营，委以重用。同治十三年（1874），日本以琉球船民漂流到台湾，被高山族人民误杀为借口，发动侵台战争。清廷派沈葆桢为钦差大臣，赴台办理海防，兼理各国事务大臣，筹划海防事宜，办理日本撤兵交涉。由此，沈葆桢开始了他在台湾的近代化倡导之路。）
The above was written after Emperor Guanghsu’s permission in 1875 when Shen supervised the defense affair in Tainan, then capital of “Taiwan County” belonging to Fujian Province. Before then, Qing tended to hate Zheng’s separatism. Shen groaned the contemporary sufferings from European power’s insults at China, expressing thoughts of the ambition to have Han and Manchurian hug together.
上面对联写于1875年，光绪皇帝允许他监督台湾防务之后。当时台湾县属于福建省。此前，清朝试图打击郑的分离势力。沈葆桢痛心于时人受到欧洲势力压迫，发出汉满团结的志向。
For me, reciting this poem is the best way to remember Koxinga, the founder of first Chinese regime in Taiwan. In cross-strait China, Koxinga is a hero whose legacy must be taught to descendants owing to his maintaining Chinese dignity. In politics, there is no absolute question or answer. Therefore, making good use of the alteration of truth and explanation about this period, the present Beijing centre shows the political means of kind and smooth way to settle down Taiwan issue while holding attitude toward one-China policy.
对我而言，引述这幅对联是对郑成功最好的纪念。郑是在台湾建立中国政体的第一人。在海峡两岸的中国，郑是一位英雄，他的精神遗产必须教于后人，因为他保存了中国的尊严。政治方面没有完全绝对的问题或答案。因此，利用好真实的变更和解释这一段时期，北京方面释放了政治善意和柔软手段来安抚台湾事务，同时坚定一个中国政策。
For territorial integrity first, no other regime is legally allowed to be called China in any form. But, he brings Chinese civilization for Taiwan, full of Chinese nationalist awareness - although an isolated loneliness. Therefore, there is positive more than negative. In Taiwan’s history, all the recorded rulers comes from outside Taiwan except for Lee Tung-huee and Chen Shui-buan. The similar idea of critique from this to that is for Chen, who established the first real Chinese democracy. As dealing with the political affairs, too many paranoid or just peeping at the tiny - the halo effect - appears only to lose the original stand. Sometimes audiences feel the politics strange, but win-loss or say wax-wane cycle is ordinary phenomenon that politics is.
因为领土完整为第一要务 ，没有其他政体被允许称为中国，无论以何种方式。但是，郑给台湾带来了中华文明，充满了中华民族主义意识——虽然是隔绝的孤独。因此，积极方面大于消极方面。在台湾的历史里，所有的统治者都是台湾岛外的，除了李登辉和陈水扁。相同看法的文章，认为陈水扁建立了第一个真正意义上的民主。处理政治事物时，太多的偏执狂和狭隘者，丧失了最初的立场。有时观察者觉得政治奇怪，但是输赢，或者说盈亏循环本是政治中的平常现象。
Zheng Cheng-gong (Aug. 1624-Jun.1662) was born in Japan. His father Zheng Zhi-long and Yen Hs-chi did piratical business in many East Asian nation. At age of 6, he studied in Fujian and Nanjing under Ming’s scholars after his father and the followings surrender to Ming. In 1644, Qing started in Beijing. After Shi Ke-fa failed to resist Qing’s military, in 1645, he accepted “Zhu”, Ming’s royalty name, as his afterward family name in Ming Emperor Longwu’s gift - the origin of Koxinga. Later, he rejected his father’s suggestion of surrender to Qing, organizing the rest of Ming’s affiliation and successfully forming the biggest navy in Asia. In 1649, the last Ming Emperor Yongli awarded him “King of Yengpin” - Taiwanese respectful request.
郑成功（1624.8—1662.6）生于日本。他父亲郑芝龙在东亚许多国家干海盗生意。6岁时在福建和南京求学于明朝学者，因为他父亲和追随者已经接受明朝廷招安了。1644年，清兵进入北京。1645年史可法兵败，郑成功接受明朝赐姓“朱”，作为后代的姓，这就是他被称为国姓爷的开始。此后，他反对父亲向清投降的建议 ，整顿明朝余部，并成功建立东亚最大的海军。1649年，明朝最后一个皇帝永利封他为延平王。
——台湾人恭敬的请求
In 1658, he and Zhang Huang-yen had regained the territory near downstream Yangtze river but it lasted very shortly. After he failed to recover Nanjing, he depended on the strong navy army, figuring out another source of army for the sustainable base of resistance to Qing. In 1661 while ensuring the safety of Xiamen by annihilating almost of Qing’s navy, he listened to Ho Bing’s advice on the gain in Taiwan island. He took Fort Provintia easily. Although Holland’s chief executive, Frederik Coyett, resisted his military for several months with afterward reinforce from Jakarta’s East India Company, he forced Holland to relinquish Fort Zeelandia in Feb, 1662. He developed Taiwan’s territory from present Changhua to Pintung but, just after few months, he died owing to heat of the fever as hearing of Qing’s seriously sea-trade ban.
1658年，郑成功和张皇言恢复了长江下游的版图，但是持续的时间很短。恢复南京失败之后，他依靠海军，想出了解决兵源基地以抗清的办法。1661年消灭了泉州的清兵，他听从建议夺取台湾岛。很容易就拿下赤嵌城。虽然荷兰总督 督揆一抵抗了几个月求援与雅加达的东印度公司。1662年2月，郑成功使荷兰人放弃了安平古堡。他把地盘从彰化扩展的屏东。因他听到清朝严厉的海禁令，外加水土不服几个月后患热病而死。
Zheng’s regime had a large group of trade ship and warship. He and his son, Zheng Zing who was supported by Chen Yung-hua, used the name “King of Yengpin” (interior China) or were called “Formosa King” (overseas) to keep their surviving regime. Since he began to war against Qing, his issuing visa for Chinese and foreigner was universally valid in Asia. For Qing, his regime threatened Beijing, finally ended by Shi Lang who left his military for Qing. In 1683, China returned to the unity state.
郑的政权有大量的商船和战船。他和他儿子郑经，用延平王（中国内部）或者台湾王（国外）的称呼来延续统治。自从他与清作战以来，他给中国人和外观人发行的visa在东亚都是有效地。对清而言，他的政权对北京是个威胁。后来施琅投降清。1683年中国重回一统。
This article in Analect is excellent when Taipei’s leader, Ma Ying-jeou, and Taiwanese gradually forgot the real truth of Taiwanese spirit. In my youth, the local prevailed spreading Zheng’s anything from head to toe. Twenty years on, continuing to do this is nonsense in Taiwan with poor economic growth (1.94% by Taiwan’s Academic Sinica) - just leave his relic in Tainan “Fuchun” (town in Chinese) alone. With global situation in consideration of China’s Communist Party’s resolution in 2008 - recovering Taiwan by 2016 - the new carrier should be named Shi-lang, for the reason that China coexists with the rest of the world with promotion to the advanced vision of majesty. And another reason is my advice to Beijing.
这篇文章很好，特别是当台湾地区领导人马英九和台湾人逐渐遗忘真实的台湾精神时。我年轻时，台湾当地关于郑成功的故事将我包围。二十几年来，由于台湾经济低迷（1.94%by台湾中科院），再提这些已经没有意义，郑在台南留下的只是“富春（钱塘江）”。考虑到全球局势，以及北京的决心——2016年解决台湾问题——新航母应命名为施琅，因为中国与世和平共处的先进的视野的威严。另一个原因则是我本人给北京的建议。
还有一部分就不贴了，大家可以自己来龙腾网查看。
翻译文简介:
本月初中国的第一艘航母要从港口城市大连出发开始她最长的航海试验，其中包括歼15的起飞和降落练习。尽管中国的国家媒体仍然在官方上以这艘船的前苏联名字——瓦良格号来称呼她，但据谣传 当这艘航母正式服役后将改名为——施琅号
原创翻译：龙腾网 三个W 点 ltaaa 点 com 翻译：翻译加工厂 转载请注明出处
-------------译者：bigsnail-------------
EARLIER this month China’s first aircraft-carrier set out from the port city of Dalian to begin her longest sea trial to date, one that is likely to include J-15 fighters performing take-off and landing exercises. While China’s state media still officially refer to the ship by its original Russian name, Varyag, it has long been rumoured that when the new carrier is finally commissioned she will acquire a new name: the Shi Lang.
It is an interesting choice, if not especially subtle. In 1683 Admiral Shi Lang led an invasion force across the Taiwan Straits to dislodge an independent kingdom that had been established by rebels who fled the mainland. They had chosen autonomy in favour of submission to a new regime.
Should the carrier be commissioned this year, it would be an equally significant choice of dates. In the contemporary calendar, 2012 marks the 350th anniversary since that breakaway kingdom was founded, by Zheng Chenggong, who is better known outside China as Koxinga.
本月初中国的第一艘航母要从港口城市大连出发开始她最长的航海试验，其中包括歼15的起飞和降落练习。尽管中国的国家媒体仍然在官方上以这艘船的前苏联名字——瓦良格号来称呼她，但据谣传当这艘航母正式服役后将改名为——施琅号。
这是个有意思的选择，如果不是特别微妙的话。1683年海军将领施琅带领一支军队跨越台湾海峡灭掉了由一群逃离大陆的造反者建立的独立王国。他们选择自治，而不屈服于一个新政权。
今年航母要是服役的话，选择在哪个日子服役也是很重要的。在当代的日历上，2012年是由郑成功建立的这个已覆灭的王朝诞辰350周年纪念。郑成功以国姓爷的名字闻名海外。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
He came from a storied family. Part merchant, part pirate, Koxinga’s father was the head of a sprawling maritime empire which stretched from Fujian to Japan. Koxinga was born into a world of busy commerce and conflict, where goods flowed among the ports of the western Pacific in a trade so lucrative it created its own economic centre of gravity. It pulled in silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru and investment and ships from as a far away as Lisbon, Madrid, Amsterdam and London.
他的家族充满着传奇经历。郑成功的父亲既是商人又是海盗，他的海上帝国统治着从福建到日本的广袤海域。郑成功出生在一个贸易繁忙，冲突不断的世界里。货物在西太平洋沿岸港口之间流动，这个利润极其丰厚的贸易行业创造了新的经济重心。来自墨西哥和秘鲁的白银，远自里斯本、马德里、阿姆斯特丹和伦敦的商船和投资都源源不断的涌入这里。
Koxinga’s life changed when the Ming dynasty fell in 1644. His father at first supported the Ming cause against the Manchu invasion but soon turned coats, betraying his imperial patron to the new dynasty. Koxinga took his loyalties more seriously, and continued to resist the new rulers. (The name Koxinga actually comes from a southern Chinese pronunciation of a title, Lord of the Imperial Surname, given to him by a grateful Ming prince.) Forced off of the mainland in 1661, Koxinga and his fleet fled to Taiwan, which was then nominally under the control of the Dutch. His forces lay siege to their garrison for nearly a year, finally forcing the Dutch commander to surrender in February 1662.
随着1644年明朝灭亡，郑成功的人生发生了转折。他的父亲一开始支持明朝反抗满族侵略，但又很快改变立场背叛皇室赞助人，投降了新朝代。郑成功却忠贞不渝，继续抵抗新的统治者。（Koxinga一名来自汉语南方方言对“国姓爷”的拼写，这是因为一位明代亲王因为感激而赐姓郑成功国姓朱）。1661年郑成功放弃大陆，率船队撤往当时名义上由荷兰控制的台湾。1662年2月，经过对荷卫戍部队近一年的包围，他的军队最终迫使荷兰指挥官投降。
At the time, Taiwan was an inhospitable place. It had never been under the administrative control of any mainland government, and its position at the heart of the Pacific trade routes made it a natural haven for smugglers, pirates, outlaws, foreign adventurers and a few hardy settlers from China’s coastal provinces. First the Portuguese and later the Dutch claimed the island for themselves, but only the bravest souls ventured inland. The island’s aboriginal inhabitants had already developed a fearsome reputation for hostility to outsiders. And even after Shi Lang’s eventual conquest, when Taiwan for the first time came under direct rule from the mainland, it remained a wild and lawless place and a difficult—often dangerous—posting for Chinese officials.
当时台湾还很荒凉，大陆政权的统治从未涉足过这里。位于太平洋贸易路线的中心位置，台湾是走私者、海盗、不法之徒以及一些来自中国沿海省份的勤劳移民的天然庇护所。葡萄牙人和荷兰人先后宣布对该岛的所有权。但是只有最无畏的勇士才敢冒险进入其腹地。岛上土著向来民风彪悍，对外来者充满敌意。甚至到施琅最后的征服，这座岛屿首次直接受到大陆管理之后，它依旧是一片无法无天的蛮荒之地，对于派遣到台湾的官员来说，他们的工作既举步维艰，又危机重重。
Koxinga remains a controversial figure not least because he is claimed as a “national hero” in three places: China, Taiwan and Japan.
郑成功是一位争议性的人物。尤其因为他同时被中国大陆、台湾、日本称为“民族英雄”。
Japan has always treated him as a native son. He was born in Nagasaki and his mother was the daughter of a Japanese lord. Just decades after Koxinga’s death, Chikamatsu Monzaemon, a master of the bunraku form of puppet theatre, made him the subject of one his most famous works. In Chikamatsu’s play, Koxinga is a great warrior who used the martial spirit and courage endowed to him by his Japanese blood to fight battles on exotic Chinese shores. During the period when Japan occupied Taiwan, from 1895 to 1945, Koxinga’s mixed heritage was used in propaganda that sought to prove a deep connection between the people of Japan and Taiwan.
日本人一直把他当做“日本民族的儿子”。他出生于长崎，母亲是日本领主之女。仅仅当他去世几十年后，木偶净琉璃戏大师近松门左卫门就把郑成功作为自己最富盛名的一部作品的主角。在近松门的戏中，
日本血统赋予郑成功尚武精神和勇气，这使得他成为了在异国他乡的中国海岸上奋勇战斗的伟大武士。日据台湾时期（1895-1945年），郑成功的各种遗产被用作宣传工具，试图证明日本人和台湾人间的深刻联系。
After the Chinese nationalists took their refuge in Taiwan, at the end of the civil war, Chiang Kai-shek’s Republic of China drew inspiration from stories of Koxinga’s resistance against hostile forces on the mainland—and his desire to reclaim lost territory across the straits. The Generalissimo Chiang himself was sometimes spoken of as a latter-day Koxinga, though clearly Taiwan would like to avoid the fate of the Zheng family.
继中国的民族主义者逃亡台湾避难之后，解放战争末期，蒋介石的中华民国从郑成功抵抗大陆敌军的故事和他跨过海峡光复失地的渴望中吸取了灵感。作为三军统帅，蒋介石自己有时候也被称为现代郑成功，但是台湾显然想要避免郑氏家族的命运。
Back in the People’s Republic of China, textbooks remember Koxinga as a patriotic Chinese hero who boldly “recovered Taiwan” from imperialist Dutch interlopers. His exploits are a key part of the “Patriotic History” narrative, which bolsters Koxinga’s anti-imperialist credentials while glossing over the condition of Taiwan before the Dutch arrived. To say nothing of his mixed parentage, or the fact that this Chinese hero was raised, in the words of Tonio Andrade, an historian, “with a samurai sword in his hand.”
中华人民共和国的教科书把郑成功称作中华民族的英雄，这是为了纪念他英勇地从荷兰帝国主义侵略者的魔爪中“收复台湾”。他的丰功伟绩是“爱国主义历史”叙述中的关键部分，这种叙述给郑成功反帝国主义者的身份提供了证明，却对荷兰人到达前台湾的状况大加掩饰，更不必说对郑成功的异国血统只字不提了——如历史学家 Tonio Andrade所说，这是一位“手持武士刀”的中国英雄。
In a recent article, Mr Andrade, who has written extensively on Taiwan and its colonial past, described the frustration he faced in trying to get his book, Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China’s First Great Victory over the West, translated and published on the mainland:
Andrade先生对台湾及其殖民史颇有研究。在最新的一篇文章中他讲述了《无人知晓的故事——中国对西方的第一次伟大胜利》一书在大陆翻译出版的过程中所遇到的阻碍。
My erstwhile publisher asked whether I would acquiesce to omitting some “sensitive material” and changing some wording. It sounded like an innocuous request until I got to the details. Since Koxinga is considered a “positive figure in China,” my publisher informed me that the text would have to omit any discussion of torture by him and his soldiers. (Descriptions of Dutch atrocities were acceptable, though.) The book couldn’t refer to Koxinga as a “conqueror” or a “warlord,” and his “restoration of Taiwan” couldn’t be referred to as an invasion or an attack. Similarly, any mention of resistance by Taiwan’s aboriginal peoples (who, historical sources make clear, rose up and killed thousands of his soldiers), would also have to be excised, on the grounds that such episodes hint at “some sort of consciousness of Taiwanese independence”. The Chinese publisher said that if I refused to make such changes, the translation wouldn’t proceed. “Abridgement,” I was told, “is unavoidable.”
Given this legacy, it is little wonder that Chinese military officials should consider naming their new carrier the Shi Lang and not the Zheng Chenggong. Koxinga may have claimed or reclaimed Taiwan, but there is too much disagreement still over who can lay claim to his complicated legacy.
我以前的出版商问我是否能默许删除一些“敏感材料”和改变某些措辞。这请求听上去无伤大雅，直至我得知详情。由于郑成功“在中国被视为一位正面人物”，我的出版商通知我正文部分不得不删除任何有关他和他手下对俘虏刑讯拷打的论述。（但荷兰人暴行的描写可以接受）这本书不能把郑成功讲成一个“征服者”或者“军阀”，“收复台湾”不能讲成侵略或者袭击。同样的，所有提到台湾原住民（历史资料明确指出他们起来反抗并杀死了数以千计的士兵）的地方都被删去了，因为这样的事件暗示了“某种台湾人的独立意识”。中国出版商表示如果我拒绝以上种种改动，那么翻译工作就无法继续。我被告知“删节无法避免。”难怪中国军方官员会考虑将新航母命名为“施琅号”而非“郑成功号”。郑成功也许成功占领或者收复了台湾，但是在那些声称继承了他复杂遗产的人们之中，仍旧充斥着太多的争论与分歧。
评论翻译:
-------------译者：anyan7654-------------
Leon HAHAJul 28th, 07:56
If invading Taiwan is the aim of the new aircraft carrier, the Shi Lang, I would advise Taiwanese government to stock pile some anti-carrier missiles and bet that China will need quite a few more Shi Langs to finish the job.
假如施琅号航母的目标之一是解放台湾的话，我建议台湾政府积存一些反航母飞弹，这样可以确保中国需要更多的施琅号航母才能解放台湾。
east windJul 28th, 08:02
"Overthrow the Qing, --- Restore the Ming"
General KOXINGA --- a great Ming Loyalist, a true Son of China --- who wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and to restore the Ming Dynasty
The second Chinese PLA aircraft -carrier will be named after this upright and pious man
“反清复明”
郑成功将军是一位明朝的忠臣，是一位真正的中国人，他一直想反清复明。
第二艘中国航母将会以这位 正直与尽责的人命名。
Leon HAHAin reply to east windJul 28th, 08:06
Don't you know the CCP is the Qing in this new parody? The old KMT government in Taiwan saw itself as the Ming...you both are quite delusional.
（回复楼上）你不知道在这次新的拙劣模仿中（指对反清复明的历史模仿）中国共产党相当于清朝么？在台湾的老国民党政府把自己看做明朝····你的这些想法都是妄想。
east windin reply to Leon HAHAJul 28th, 15:36
All said and done--- the truth remains that Taiwan is a province of China
The whole world recognizes that China have the sovereignty over Taiwan
The UN recognizes that Taiwan is a province of China
Historically--- both the Ming and the Qing Dynasties were legitimate owners of the "MANDATE of HEAVEN"
Qing Dynasty did everything it could to prove that it possessed the "MANDATE of HEAVEN"
（回复楼上）总而言之---真相就是台湾只是中国的一个省
全世界都承认中国对于台湾拥有无可争议的主权
联合国也承认台湾只是中国的一个省。
历史上来说，不论是明朝还是清朝都认为他们是顺应天命，继承了中华正统。
清朝做了一切他们能做的去证明他们顺应天命
-------------译者：husama-------------
Expand 6 more replies
Leon HAHAJul 28th, 08:03
"In 1683 Admiral Shi Lang led an invasion force across the Taiwan Straits to dislodge an independent kingdom that had been established by rebels who fled the mainland. They had chosen autonomy in favour of submission to a new regime."
Where Zheng Chenggong's son had failed, Taiwan has succeeded for the last 50 years or so. Chinese hero or not, Zheng Chenggong's legacy and what followed after his death is indeed something about which China may not want to think too deeply.
引用“ 1683年海军将领施琅带领一支军队跨越台湾海峡灭掉了由一群逃离大陆的造反者建立的独立王国。他们选择自治，而不屈服于一个新政权。” 郑成功的儿子失败的地方，台湾已经成功屹立了五十年。无论是不是中国英雄，郑成功死后的留下来的和随之而来的，确实是中国不愿继续深思的
YFUEqzjhDAJul 28th, 08:29
I find it humorous at how Koxinga is once again a victim of historical reinterpretation. During the Japanese colonial period he was trumpeted as a bridge between Taiwan and Japan as he had a Japanese mother and resisted the Qing dynasty which still existed at the time of the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
我发现非常滑稽的是，郑成功在历史重新解读下，一次又一次成为受害者。在日本殖民时期，他被看做是台湾和日本的桥梁因为他有一个日本老妈，而且在马关条约时期反抗当时仍然存在的清王朝。
Joseph LemienJul 28th, 09:31
A fascinating story of a historical figure. Thank you so much for illuminating his complicated legacy and the struggle to use his story as political power.
历史中一个引人入胜的故事。感谢你解释了他的复杂的遗赠和政权利用他的故事所作的斗争。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
Jean MichelJul 28th, 14:22
It would be a bad choice if China named its first aircraft carrier after Koxinga. China will not make this mistake. There are plenty of names to choose from.
This article is designed to scare the Taiwanese and the Japanese.
如果中国的第一艘航母以郑成功命名的话，那将会是个糟糕的选择。中国不会犯这样的错误。他们有很多名字可供选择。
这篇文章就是用来吓唬台湾人和日本人的。
east windin reply to Jean MichelJul 29th, 00:57
KOXINGA and SHI LANG = Great CHINESE General/Admiral
KOXINGA deserves recognition for his fierce loyalty to the dying MING Dynasty
While the Qing Dynasty offered huge bribes to 3 former Ming Generals to help Qing takes over the whole of China--- KOXINGA refused to accept Qing's offer of rewards for abandoning the defeated Ming EEmperor
When KOXINGA's father went over to join the new Qing Dynasty--- Koxinga burnt his own official robes and denounced his own father as a "traitor" to his beloved Ming Emperor
In truth Koxinga is the epitome of integrity
(1) Both Koxinga and Shi Lang were true Chinese patriots because;
(a) Koxinga raised an army, went to Taiwan , fought the Dutch , drove out the Dutch and recovered Taiwan for China's Ming Dynasty
(3) Shi Lang, the great Qing Dynasty Admiral led a military expedition to recover Taiwan for the Qing Dynasty
ACCORDINGLY ---
Both Koxinga and Shi Lang deserves to have Chinese aircraft-carriers named after them
（回楼上）郑成功和施琅=中华民族伟大的将军/海军将领
郑成功名不虚传——因为他对垂死的明王朝的极度忠诚
三个前明将领接受了清朝的巨额贿赂，帮助清朝接管整个中国的同时——郑成功拒绝接受清朝嘉奖，不放弃战败的明朝皇帝
郑成功的父亲投降新的清朝时——郑成功烧掉了父亲的官袍，向敬爱的明朝皇帝告发自己的父亲是“叛徒”
郑成功确实是诚实和正直的典范。
（1）因为郑成功和施琅都是真正的爱国者
（2）郑成功招兵买马前往台湾，他赶跑了荷兰人，为中国的明政权收复了台湾岛。
因此，用郑成功或者施琅来命名中国航母都是应该的。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
YFUEqzjhDAin reply to east windJul 29th, 04:01
Considering his perseverance and unswerving loyalty to his cause against all odds, Liu Xiaobo is far more deserving to have an aircraft carrier named after him. Wouldn't you say so?
（回楼上）考虑到面对重重困难所表现出的坚韧不拔与忠贞不渝，更应该用LXB（注：人权积极份子）的名字来命名一艘航母，难道不是吗？
Expand 4 more replies
ewakornJul 29th, 01:18
Neither Koxinga nor Shi Lang is a black or white figure in Chinese history.
Koxinga is known for his harsh discipline towards his followers and even his family. In fact, after Shi Lang fled to Qing (Shi Lang used to be a retainer of Koxinga), Koxinga ordered Shi's entire family executed.
But understandably Koxinga needed to be tough. Before he captured Taiwan, for many years his only bases were the dual islands of Kinmen and Xiamen. And many followers were actually pirates before they turned Ming soldiers.
Shi Lang sought personal vendetta against the Zheng family. But after he captured Taiwan, Qing Court had ordered to relocate all Chinese immigrants back to Mainland. It is only upon the petition of Shi Lang that the Qing Court rescinded the edict.
中国历史上，郑成功和施琅都不是大善或者大恶之人。
郑成功因严酷惩罚他的追随者乃至其家人而闻名。事实上，在施琅逃往清朝之后（施琅曾经是郑成功的手下），郑成功下令诛杀了施琅全家。
但是郑成功的强硬立场也可以理解，多年以来他只有金门和厦门两个据点，直到占领台湾。他的许多追随者在成为明朝士兵前也确实是海盗。
施琅和郑氏家族有宿仇。但是在施琅夺取台湾之后，他没有按清廷要求将所有中国移民回迁大陆，而是上书请求朝廷废除了这项命令。
guest-iomjnisin reply to ewakornJul 29th, 03:08
The China section is a troll section. Please do not post any serious posts in this section. KTHX
中国专栏就是专门用来钓鱼的。请别在这个栏目下认真留言。好吧，谢谢
-------------译者：五味沁心雨-------------
9ZgVzhW5WDJul 29th, 03:22
In Google search I found this excerpts from Coyett’s “Neglected Formosa”. Coyett was the last Dutch governor of Taiwan who fought and surrendered to Koxinga. Please read what he had to say in the book he wrote for what happened. I will try to get a copy of the book, it has gotten me interested and fired up.
我在谷歌搜索发现Coyett摘录的“被忽视的福尔摩沙”。Coyett 是荷兰在台湾的末代总督，他败在了郑成功手下。请读一下他在书中是怎么写这个事的。我会试着找找这本书，他激起了我的兴趣。
Jasiek w japoniiJul 29th, 03:29
If Koxinga was a Chinese, Chopin could not be a Pole but a French or Russian ;-)
如果郑成功是中国人，肖邦就不是波兰人而是个法国或俄罗斯人
TracyDin reply to Jasiek w japoniiAug 11th, 21:28
False analogy. Chopin, although half-French by blood, was thoroughly Polish in his upbringing and identity. The same cannot be said of Koxinga with regard to his ties to Japan.
You are not defined solely by your place of birth.
（回复楼上） 错误的类比。肖邦虽然有一半法国血统，在他的成长环境和身份上是个彻底的波兰人。同样，也不能说郑成功和日本有什么关系。
你不能局限于你的出生地
9ZgVzhW5WDJul 29th, 03:33
The following is what Coyett says in his book about what Koxinga thinks of the so called Dutch friendship. From that, I have to say Koxinga has a very good in depth understanding of the Dutch and he must have conducted a good intelligence work before making his move.
Koxinga’s Response to Dutch protestations of friendship: “[Holland’s friendship] held towards him was of the same nature as that held towards other Indian Potentates and Princes: namely, that from their side, it lasted just so long as there was any advantage to be gained by it; for if they saw it to be to their advantage, no such friendship was observed, but they would not scruple in the least to throw a net over any one’s head when it suited them to do so.”
以下是Coyett在他的书中关于所谓的郑成功认为荷兰的友谊。我必须说郑成功非常了解荷兰，他在战前做到了知己知彼。
郑成功对荷兰示好的反应：“（荷兰的友谊）对他和对印度其它统治者和王子们一样，即：以他们的角度，对他们有利就维持友谊，因为如果他们觉得对他们有利，不需要观察就可以建立友谊，但是如果需要的话他们也会毫无顾忌的牺牲掉他们”
-------------译者：寰宇龙腾-------------
sharkroroAug 3rd, 08:08
“The miracle of the discovery, that had never been seen, of the deserted aboriginal - which left for these grandiose mountain and river - shifts to the lost loyalist’s world belonging to former dynasty. The detailed adversity of the circumstances, that got him stretched less, of all-life surroundings - that were returned from personal sorrow to those sky and earth - turns to an all-advanced spiritualist.” - by Shen Bao-jen (1820-1879) of Qing dynasty’s Southern-Ocean Commercial Minister.
“开万古得未曾有之奇，洪荒留此山川，作遗民世界；极一生无可如何之遇，缺憾还诸天地，是创格完人。”——沈葆桢（1820－1879）清代南洋大臣。（注：沈葆桢（1820－1879），字幼丹，又字翰宇，汉族，福建侯官（今福州）人。清代抵抗侵略的著名封疆大吏林则徐之婿。咸丰十一年（1861），曾国藩请他赴安庆大营，委以重用。同治十三年（1874），日本以琉球船民漂流到台湾，被高山族人民误杀为借口，发动侵台战争。清廷派沈葆桢为钦差大臣，赴台办理海防，兼理各国事务大臣，筹划海防事宜，办理日本撤兵交涉。由此，沈葆桢开始了他在台湾的近代化倡导之路。）
The above was written after Emperor Guanghsu’s permission in 1875 when Shen supervised the defense affair in Tainan, then capital of “Taiwan County” belonging to Fujian Province. Before then, Qing tended to hate Zheng’s separatism. Shen groaned the contemporary sufferings from European power’s insults at China, expressing thoughts of the ambition to have Han and Manchurian hug together.
上面对联写于1875年，光绪皇帝允许他监督台湾防务之后。当时台湾县属于福建省。此前，清朝试图打击郑的分离势力。沈葆桢痛心于时人受到欧洲势力压迫，发出汉满团结的志向。
For me, reciting this poem is the best way to remember Koxinga, the founder of first Chinese regime in Taiwan. In cross-strait China, Koxinga is a hero whose legacy must be taught to descendants owing to his maintaining Chinese dignity. In politics, there is no absolute question or answer. Therefore, making good use of the alteration of truth and explanation about this period, the present Beijing centre shows the political means of kind and smooth way to settle down Taiwan issue while holding attitude toward one-China policy.
对我而言，引述这幅对联是对郑成功最好的纪念。郑是在台湾建立中国政体的第一人。在海峡两岸的中国，郑是一位英雄，他的精神遗产必须教于后人，因为他保存了中国的尊严。政治方面没有完全绝对的问题或答案。因此，利用好真实的变更和解释这一段时期，北京方面释放了政治善意和柔软手段来安抚台湾事务，同时坚定一个中国政策。
For territorial integrity first, no other regime is legally allowed to be called China in any form. But, he brings Chinese civilization for Taiwan, full of Chinese nationalist awareness - although an isolated loneliness. Therefore, there is positive more than negative. In Taiwan’s history, all the recorded rulers comes from outside Taiwan except for Lee Tung-huee and Chen Shui-buan. The similar idea of critique from this to that is for Chen, who established the first real Chinese democracy. As dealing with the political affairs, too many paranoid or just peeping at the tiny - the halo effect - appears only to lose the original stand. Sometimes audiences feel the politics strange, but win-loss or say wax-wane cycle is ordinary phenomenon that politics is.
因为领土完整为第一要务 ，没有其他政体被允许称为中国，无论以何种方式。但是，郑给台湾带来了中华文明，充满了中华民族主义意识——虽然是隔绝的孤独。因此，积极方面大于消极方面。在台湾的历史里，所有的统治者都是台湾岛外的，除了李登辉和陈水扁。相同看法的文章，认为陈水扁建立了第一个真正意义上的民主。处理政治事物时，太多的偏执狂和狭隘者，丧失了最初的立场。有时观察者觉得政治奇怪，但是输赢，或者说盈亏循环本是政治中的平常现象。
Zheng Cheng-gong (Aug. 1624-Jun.1662) was born in Japan. His father Zheng Zhi-long and Yen Hs-chi did piratical business in many East Asian nation. At age of 6, he studied in Fujian and Nanjing under Ming’s scholars after his father and the followings surrender to Ming. In 1644, Qing started in Beijing. After Shi Ke-fa failed to resist Qing’s military, in 1645, he accepted “Zhu”, Ming’s royalty name, as his afterward family name in Ming Emperor Longwu’s gift - the origin of Koxinga. Later, he rejected his father’s suggestion of surrender to Qing, organizing the rest of Ming’s affiliation and successfully forming the biggest navy in Asia. In 1649, the last Ming Emperor Yongli awarded him “King of Yengpin” - Taiwanese respectful request.
郑成功（1624.8—1662.6）生于日本。他父亲郑芝龙在东亚许多国家干海盗生意。6岁时在福建和南京求学于明朝学者，因为他父亲和追随者已经接受明朝廷招安了。1644年，清兵进入北京。1645年史可法兵败，郑成功接受明朝赐姓“朱”，作为后代的姓，这就是他被称为国姓爷的开始。此后，他反对父亲向清投降的建议 ，整顿明朝余部，并成功建立东亚最大的海军。1649年，明朝最后一个皇帝永利封他为延平王。
——台湾人恭敬的请求
In 1658, he and Zhang Huang-yen had regained the territory near downstream Yangtze river but it lasted very shortly. After he failed to recover Nanjing, he depended on the strong navy army, figuring out another source of army for the sustainable base of resistance to Qing. In 1661 while ensuring the safety of Xiamen by annihilating almost of Qing’s navy, he listened to Ho Bing’s advice on the gain in Taiwan island. He took Fort Provintia easily. Although Holland’s chief executive, Frederik Coyett, resisted his military for several months with afterward reinforce from Jakarta’s East India Company, he forced Holland to relinquish Fort Zeelandia in Feb, 1662. He developed Taiwan’s territory from present Changhua to Pintung but, just after few months, he died owing to heat of the fever as hearing of Qing’s seriously sea-trade ban.
1658年，郑成功和张皇言恢复了长江下游的版图，但是持续的时间很短。恢复南京失败之后，他依靠海军，想出了解决兵源基地以抗清的办法。1661年消灭了泉州的清兵，他听从建议夺取台湾岛。很容易就拿下赤嵌城。虽然荷兰总督 督揆一抵抗了几个月求援与雅加达的东印度公司。1662年2月，郑成功使荷兰人放弃了安平古堡。他把地盘从彰化扩展的屏东。因他听到清朝严厉的海禁令，外加水土不服几个月后患热病而死。
Zheng’s regime had a large group of trade ship and warship. He and his son, Zheng Zing who was supported by Chen Yung-hua, used the name “King of Yengpin” (interior China) or were called “Formosa King” (overseas) to keep their surviving regime. Since he began to war against Qing, his issuing visa for Chinese and foreigner was universally valid in Asia. For Qing, his regime threatened Beijing, finally ended by Shi Lang who left his military for Qing. In 1683, China returned to the unity state.
郑的政权有大量的商船和战船。他和他儿子郑经，用延平王（中国内部）或者台湾王（国外）的称呼来延续统治。自从他与清作战以来，他给中国人和外观人发行的visa在东亚都是有效地。对清而言，他的政权对北京是个威胁。后来施琅投降清。1683年中国重回一统。
This article in Analect is excellent when Taipei’s leader, Ma Ying-jeou, and Taiwanese gradually forgot the real truth of Taiwanese spirit. In my youth, the local prevailed spreading Zheng’s anything from head to toe. Twenty years on, continuing to do this is nonsense in Taiwan with poor economic growth (1.94% by Taiwan’s Academic Sinica) - just leave his relic in Tainan “Fuchun” (town in Chinese) alone. With global situation in consideration of China’s Communist Party’s resolution in 2008 - recovering Taiwan by 2016 - the new carrier should be named Shi-lang, for the reason that China coexists with the rest of the world with promotion to the advanced vision of majesty. And another reason is my advice to Beijing.
这篇文章很好，特别是当台湾地区领导人马英九和台湾人逐渐遗忘真实的台湾精神时。我年轻时，台湾当地关于郑成功的故事将我包围。二十几年来，由于台湾经济低迷（1.94%by台湾中科院），再提这些已经没有意义，郑在台南留下的只是“富春（钱塘江）”。考虑到全球局势，以及北京的决心——2016年解决台湾问题——新航母应命名为施琅，因为中国与世和平共处的先进的视野的威严。另一个原因则是我本人给北京的建议。
还有一部分就不贴了，大家可以自己来龙腾网查看。翻译加工厂，等你来认领！三个W 点 ltaaa 点 com / translation
翻译文简介:
本月初中国的第一艘航母要从港口城市大连出发开始她最长的航海试验，其中包括歼15的起飞和降落练习。尽管中国的国家媒体仍然在官方上以这艘船的前苏联名字——瓦良格号来称呼她，但据谣传 当这艘航母正式服役后将改名为——施琅号
原创翻译：龙腾网 三个W 点 ltaaa 点 com 翻译：翻译加工厂 转载请注明出处
-------------译者：bigsnail-------------
EARLIER this month China’s first aircraft-carrier set out from the port city of Dalian to begin her longest sea trial to date, one that is likely to include J-15 fighters performing take-off and landing exercises. While China’s state media still officially refer to the ship by its original Russian name, Varyag, it has long been rumoured that when the new carrier is finally commissioned she will acquire a new name: the Shi Lang.
It is an interesting choice, if not especially subtle. In 1683 Admiral Shi Lang led an invasion force across the Taiwan Straits to dislodge an independent kingdom that had been established by rebels who fled the mainland. They had chosen autonomy in favour of submission to a new regime.
Should the carrier be commissioned this year, it would be an equally significant choice of dates. In the contemporary calendar, 2012 marks the 350th anniversary since that breakaway kingdom was founded, by Zheng Chenggong, who is better known outside China as Koxinga.
本月初中国的第一艘航母要从港口城市大连出发开始她最长的航海试验，其中包括歼15的起飞和降落练习。尽管中国的国家媒体仍然在官方上以这艘船的前苏联名字——瓦良格号来称呼她，但据谣传当这艘航母正式服役后将改名为——施琅号。
这是个有意思的选择，如果不是特别微妙的话。1683年海军将领施琅带领一支军队跨越台湾海峡灭掉了由一群逃离大陆的造反者建立的独立王国。他们选择自治，而不屈服于一个新政权。
今年航母要是服役的话，选择在哪个日子服役也是很重要的。在当代的日历上，2012年是由郑成功建立的这个已覆灭的王朝诞辰350周年纪念。郑成功以国姓爷的名字闻名海外。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
He came from a storied family. Part merchant, part pirate, Koxinga’s father was the head of a sprawling maritime empire which stretched from Fujian to Japan. Koxinga was born into a world of busy commerce and conflict, where goods flowed among the ports of the western Pacific in a trade so lucrative it created its own economic centre of gravity. It pulled in silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru and investment and ships from as a far away as Lisbon, Madrid, Amsterdam and London.
他的家族充满着传奇经历。郑成功的父亲既是商人又是海盗，他的海上帝国统治着从福建到日本的广袤海域。郑成功出生在一个贸易繁忙，冲突不断的世界里。货物在西太平洋沿岸港口之间流动，这个利润极其丰厚的贸易行业创造了新的经济重心。来自墨西哥和秘鲁的白银，远自里斯本、马德里、阿姆斯特丹和伦敦的商船和投资都源源不断的涌入这里。
Koxinga’s life changed when the Ming dynasty fell in 1644. His father at first supported the Ming cause against the Manchu invasion but soon turned coats, betraying his imperial patron to the new dynasty. Koxinga took his loyalties more seriously, and continued to resist the new rulers. (The name Koxinga actually comes from a southern Chinese pronunciation of a title, Lord of the Imperial Surname, given to him by a grateful Ming prince.) Forced off of the mainland in 1661, Koxinga and his fleet fled to Taiwan, which was then nominally under the control of the Dutch. His forces lay siege to their garrison for nearly a year, finally forcing the Dutch commander to surrender in February 1662.
随着1644年明朝灭亡，郑成功的人生发生了转折。他的父亲一开始支持明朝反抗满族侵略，但又很快改变立场背叛皇室赞助人，投降了新朝代。郑成功却忠贞不渝，继续抵抗新的统治者。（Koxinga一名来自汉语南方方言对“国姓爷”的拼写，这是因为一位明代亲王因为感激而赐姓郑成功国姓朱）。1661年郑成功放弃大陆，率船队撤往当时名义上由荷兰控制的台湾。1662年2月，经过对荷卫戍部队近一年的包围，他的军队最终迫使荷兰指挥官投降。
At the time, Taiwan was an inhospitable place. It had never been under the administrative control of any mainland government, and its position at the heart of the Pacific trade routes made it a natural haven for smugglers, pirates, outlaws, foreign adventurers and a few hardy settlers from China’s coastal provinces. First the Portuguese and later the Dutch claimed the island for themselves, but only the bravest souls ventured inland. The island’s aboriginal inhabitants had already developed a fearsome reputation for hostility to outsiders. And even after Shi Lang’s eventual conquest, when Taiwan for the first time came under direct rule from the mainland, it remained a wild and lawless place and a difficult—often dangerous—posting for Chinese officials.
当时台湾还很荒凉，大陆政权的统治从未涉足过这里。位于太平洋贸易路线的中心位置，台湾是走私者、海盗、不法之徒以及一些来自中国沿海省份的勤劳移民的天然庇护所。葡萄牙人和荷兰人先后宣布对该岛的所有权。但是只有最无畏的勇士才敢冒险进入其腹地。岛上土著向来民风彪悍，对外来者充满敌意。甚至到施琅最后的征服，这座岛屿首次直接受到大陆管理之后，它依旧是一片无法无天的蛮荒之地，对于派遣到台湾的官员来说，他们的工作既举步维艰，又危机重重。
Koxinga remains a controversial figure not least because he is claimed as a “national hero” in three places: China, Taiwan and Japan.
郑成功是一位争议性的人物。尤其因为他同时被中国大陆、台湾、日本称为“民族英雄”。
Japan has always treated him as a native son. He was born in Nagasaki and his mother was the daughter of a Japanese lord. Just decades after Koxinga’s death, Chikamatsu Monzaemon, a master of the bunraku form of puppet theatre, made him the subject of one his most famous works. In Chikamatsu’s play, Koxinga is a great warrior who used the martial spirit and courage endowed to him by his Japanese blood to fight battles on exotic Chinese shores. During the period when Japan occupied Taiwan, from 1895 to 1945, Koxinga’s mixed heritage was used in propaganda that sought to prove a deep connection between the people of Japan and Taiwan.
日本人一直把他当做“日本民族的儿子”。他出生于长崎，母亲是日本领主之女。仅仅当他去世几十年后，木偶净琉璃戏大师近松门左卫门就把郑成功作为自己最富盛名的一部作品的主角。在近松门的戏中，
日本血统赋予郑成功尚武精神和勇气，这使得他成为了在异国他乡的中国海岸上奋勇战斗的伟大武士。日据台湾时期（1895-1945年），郑成功的各种遗产被用作宣传工具，试图证明日本人和台湾人间的深刻联系。
After the Chinese nationalists took their refuge in Taiwan, at the end of the civil war, Chiang Kai-shek’s Republic of China drew inspiration from stories of Koxinga’s resistance against hostile forces on the mainland—and his desire to reclaim lost territory across the straits. The Generalissimo Chiang himself was sometimes spoken of as a latter-day Koxinga, though clearly Taiwan would like to avoid the fate of the Zheng family.
继中国的民族主义者逃亡台湾避难之后，解放战争末期，蒋介石的中华民国从郑成功抵抗大陆敌军的故事和他跨过海峡光复失地的渴望中吸取了灵感。作为三军统帅，蒋介石自己有时候也被称为现代郑成功，但是台湾显然想要避免郑氏家族的命运。
Back in the People’s Republic of China, textbooks remember Koxinga as a patriotic Chinese hero who boldly “recovered Taiwan” from imperialist Dutch interlopers. His exploits are a key part of the “Patriotic History” narrative, which bolsters Koxinga’s anti-imperialist credentials while glossing over the condition of Taiwan before the Dutch arrived. To say nothing of his mixed parentage, or the fact that this Chinese hero was raised, in the words of Tonio Andrade, an historian, “with a samurai sword in his hand.”
中华人民共和国的教科书把郑成功称作中华民族的英雄，这是为了纪念他英勇地从荷兰帝国主义侵略者的魔爪中“收复台湾”。他的丰功伟绩是“爱国主义历史”叙述中的关键部分，这种叙述给郑成功反帝国主义者的身份提供了证明，却对荷兰人到达前台湾的状况大加掩饰，更不必说对郑成功的异国血统只字不提了——如历史学家 Tonio Andrade所说，这是一位“手持武士刀”的中国英雄。
In a recent article, Mr Andrade, who has written extensively on Taiwan and its colonial past, described the frustration he faced in trying to get his book, Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China’s First Great Victory over the West, translated and published on the mainland:
Andrade先生对台湾及其殖民史颇有研究。在最新的一篇文章中他讲述了《无人知晓的故事——中国对西方的第一次伟大胜利》一书在大陆翻译出版的过程中所遇到的阻碍。
My erstwhile publisher asked whether I would acquiesce to omitting some “sensitive material” and changing some wording. It sounded like an innocuous request until I got to the details. Since Koxinga is considered a “positive figure in China,” my publisher informed me that the text would have to omit any discussion of torture by him and his soldiers. (Descriptions of Dutch atrocities were acceptable, though.) The book couldn’t refer to Koxinga as a “conqueror” or a “warlord,” and his “restoration of Taiwan” couldn’t be referred to as an invasion or an attack. Similarly, any mention of resistance by Taiwan’s aboriginal peoples (who, historical sources make clear, rose up and killed thousands of his soldiers), would also have to be excised, on the grounds that such episodes hint at “some sort of consciousness of Taiwanese independence”. The Chinese publisher said that if I refused to make such changes, the translation wouldn’t proceed. “Abridgement,” I was told, “is unavoidable.”
Given this legacy, it is little wonder that Chinese military officials should consider naming their new carrier the Shi Lang and not the Zheng Chenggong. Koxinga may have claimed or reclaimed Taiwan, but there is too much disagreement still over who can lay claim to his complicated legacy.
我以前的出版商问我是否能默许删除一些“敏感材料”和改变某些措辞。这请求听上去无伤大雅，直至我得知详情。由于郑成功“在中国被视为一位正面人物”，我的出版商通知我正文部分不得不删除任何有关他和他手下对俘虏刑讯拷打的论述。（但荷兰人暴行的描写可以接受）这本书不能把郑成功讲成一个“征服者”或者“军阀”，“收复台湾”不能讲成侵略或者袭击。同样的，所有提到台湾原住民（历史资料明确指出他们起来反抗并杀死了数以千计的士兵）的地方都被删去了，因为这样的事件暗示了“某种台湾人的独立意识”。中国出版商表示如果我拒绝以上种种改动，那么翻译工作就无法继续。我被告知“删节无法避免。”难怪中国军方官员会考虑将新航母命名为“施琅号”而非“郑成功号”。郑成功也许成功占领或者收复了台湾，但是在那些声称继承了他复杂遗产的人们之中，仍旧充斥着太多的争论与分歧。
评论翻译:
-------------译者：anyan7654-------------
Leon HAHAJul 28th, 07:56
If invading Taiwan is the aim of the new aircraft carrier, the Shi Lang, I would advise Taiwanese government to stock pile some anti-carrier missiles and bet that China will need quite a few more Shi Langs to finish the job.
假如施琅号航母的目标之一是解放台湾的话，我建议台湾政府积存一些反航母飞弹，这样可以确保中国需要更多的施琅号航母才能解放台湾。
east windJul 28th, 08:02
"Overthrow the Qing, --- Restore the Ming"
General KOXINGA --- a great Ming Loyalist, a true Son of China --- who wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and to restore the Ming Dynasty
The second Chinese PLA aircraft -carrier will be named after this upright and pious man
“反清复明”
郑成功将军是一位明朝的忠臣，是一位真正的中国人，他一直想反清复明。
第二艘中国航母将会以这位 正直与尽责的人命名。
Leon HAHAin reply to east windJul 28th, 08:06
Don't you know the CCP is the Qing in this new parody? The old KMT government in Taiwan saw itself as the Ming...you both are quite delusional.
（回复楼上）你不知道在这次新的拙劣模仿中（指对反清复明的历史模仿）中国共产党相当于清朝么？在台湾的老国民党政府把自己看做明朝····你的这些想法都是妄想。
east windin reply to Leon HAHAJul 28th, 15:36
All said and done--- the truth remains that Taiwan is a province of China
The whole world recognizes that China have the sovereignty over Taiwan
The UN recognizes that Taiwan is a province of China
Historically--- both the Ming and the Qing Dynasties were legitimate owners of the "MANDATE of HEAVEN"
Qing Dynasty did everything it could to prove that it possessed the "MANDATE of HEAVEN"
（回复楼上）总而言之---真相就是台湾只是中国的一个省
全世界都承认中国对于台湾拥有无可争议的主权
联合国也承认台湾只是中国的一个省。
历史上来说，不论是明朝还是清朝都认为他们是顺应天命，继承了中华正统。
清朝做了一切他们能做的去证明他们顺应天命
-------------译者：husama-------------
Expand 6 more replies
Leon HAHAJul 28th, 08:03
"In 1683 Admiral Shi Lang led an invasion force across the Taiwan Straits to dislodge an independent kingdom that had been established by rebels who fled the mainland. They had chosen autonomy in favour of submission to a new regime."
Where Zheng Chenggong's son had failed, Taiwan has succeeded for the last 50 years or so. Chinese hero or not, Zheng Chenggong's legacy and what followed after his death is indeed something about which China may not want to think too deeply.
引用“ 1683年海军将领施琅带领一支军队跨越台湾海峡灭掉了由一群逃离大陆的造反者建立的独立王国。他们选择自治，而不屈服于一个新政权。” 郑成功的儿子失败的地方，台湾已经成功屹立了五十年。无论是不是中国英雄，郑成功死后的留下来的和随之而来的，确实是中国不愿继续深思的
YFUEqzjhDAJul 28th, 08:29
I find it humorous at how Koxinga is once again a victim of historical reinterpretation. During the Japanese colonial period he was trumpeted as a bridge between Taiwan and Japan as he had a Japanese mother and resisted the Qing dynasty which still existed at the time of the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
我发现非常滑稽的是，郑成功在历史重新解读下，一次又一次成为受害者。在日本殖民时期，他被看做是台湾和日本的桥梁因为他有一个日本老妈，而且在马关条约时期反抗当时仍然存在的清王朝。
Joseph LemienJul 28th, 09:31
A fascinating story of a historical figure. Thank you so much for illuminating his complicated legacy and the struggle to use his story as political power.
历史中一个引人入胜的故事。感谢你解释了他的复杂的遗赠和政权利用他的故事所作的斗争。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
Jean MichelJul 28th, 14:22
It would be a bad choice if China named its first aircraft carrier after Koxinga. China will not make this mistake. There are plenty of names to choose from.
This article is designed to scare the Taiwanese and the Japanese.
如果中国的第一艘航母以郑成功命名的话，那将会是个糟糕的选择。中国不会犯这样的错误。他们有很多名字可供选择。
这篇文章就是用来吓唬台湾人和日本人的。
east windin reply to Jean MichelJul 29th, 00:57
KOXINGA and SHI LANG = Great CHINESE General/Admiral
KOXINGA deserves recognition for his fierce loyalty to the dying MING Dynasty
While the Qing Dynasty offered huge bribes to 3 former Ming Generals to help Qing takes over the whole of China--- KOXINGA refused to accept Qing's offer of rewards for abandoning the defeated Ming EEmperor
When KOXINGA's father went over to join the new Qing Dynasty--- Koxinga burnt his own official robes and denounced his own father as a "traitor" to his beloved Ming Emperor
In truth Koxinga is the epitome of integrity
(1) Both Koxinga and Shi Lang were true Chinese patriots because;
(a) Koxinga raised an army, went to Taiwan , fought the Dutch , drove out the Dutch and recovered Taiwan for China's Ming Dynasty
(3) Shi Lang, the great Qing Dynasty Admiral led a military expedition to recover Taiwan for the Qing Dynasty
ACCORDINGLY ---
Both Koxinga and Shi Lang deserves to have Chinese aircraft-carriers named after them
（回楼上）郑成功和施琅=中华民族伟大的将军/海军将领
郑成功名不虚传——因为他对垂死的明王朝的极度忠诚
三个前明将领接受了清朝的巨额贿赂，帮助清朝接管整个中国的同时——郑成功拒绝接受清朝嘉奖，不放弃战败的明朝皇帝
郑成功的父亲投降新的清朝时——郑成功烧掉了父亲的官袍，向敬爱的明朝皇帝告发自己的父亲是“叛徒”
郑成功确实是诚实和正直的典范。
（1）因为郑成功和施琅都是真正的爱国者
（2）郑成功招兵买马前往台湾，他赶跑了荷兰人，为中国的明政权收复了台湾岛。
因此，用郑成功或者施琅来命名中国航母都是应该的。
-------------译者：loriana777-------------
YFUEqzjhDAin reply to east windJul 29th, 04:01
Considering his perseverance and unswerving loyalty to his cause against all odds, Liu Xiaobo is far more deserving to have an aircraft carrier named after him. Wouldn't you say so?
（回楼上）考虑到面对重重困难所表现出的坚韧不拔与忠贞不渝，更应该用LXB（注：人权积极份子）的名字来命名一艘航母，难道不是吗？
Expand 4 more replies
ewakornJul 29th, 01:18
Neither Koxinga nor Shi Lang is a black or white figure in Chinese history.
Koxinga is known for his harsh discipline towards his followers and even his family. In fact, after Shi Lang fled to Qing (Shi Lang used to be a retainer of Koxinga), Koxinga ordered Shi's entire family executed.
But understandably Koxinga needed to be tough. Before he captured Taiwan, for many years his only bases were the dual islands of Kinmen and Xiamen. And many followers were actually pirates before they turned Ming soldiers.
Shi Lang sought personal vendetta against the Zheng family. But after he captured Taiwan, Qing Court had ordered to relocate all Chinese immigrants back to Mainland. It is only upon the petition of Shi Lang that the Qing Court rescinded the edict.
中国历史上，郑成功和施琅都不是大善或者大恶之人。
郑成功因严酷惩罚他的追随者乃至其家人而闻名。事实上，在施琅逃往清朝之后（施琅曾经是郑成功的手下），郑成功下令诛杀了施琅全家。
但是郑成功的强硬立场也可以理解，多年以来他只有金门和厦门两个据点，直到占领台湾。他的许多追随者在成为明朝士兵前也确实是海盗。
施琅和郑氏家族有宿仇。但是在施琅夺取台湾之后，他没有按清廷要求将所有中国移民回迁大陆，而是上书请求朝廷废除了这项命令。
guest-iomjnisin reply to ewakornJul 29th, 03:08
The China section is a troll section. Please do not post any serious posts in this section. KTHX
中国专栏就是专门用来钓鱼的。请别在这个栏目下认真留言。好吧，谢谢
-------------译者：五味沁心雨-------------
9ZgVzhW5WDJul 29th, 03:22
In Google search I found this excerpts from Coyett’s “Neglected Formosa”. Coyett was the last Dutch governor of Taiwan who fought and surrendered to Koxinga. Please read what he had to say in the book he wrote for what happened. I will try to get a copy of the book, it has gotten me interested and fired up.
我在谷歌搜索发现Coyett摘录的“被忽视的福尔摩沙”。Coyett 是荷兰在台湾的末代总督，他败在了郑成功手下。请读一下他在书中是怎么写这个事的。我会试着找找这本书，他激起了我的兴趣。
Jasiek w japoniiJul 29th, 03:29
If Koxinga was a Chinese, Chopin could not be a Pole but a French or Russian ;-)
如果郑成功是中国人，肖邦就不是波兰人而是个法国或俄罗斯人
TracyDin reply to Jasiek w japoniiAug 11th, 21:28
False analogy. Chopin, although half-French by blood, was thoroughly Polish in his upbringing and identity. The same cannot be said of Koxinga with regard to his ties to Japan.
You are not defined solely by your place of birth.
（回复楼上） 错误的类比。肖邦虽然有一半法国血统，在他的成长环境和身份上是个彻底的波兰人。同样，也不能说郑成功和日本有什么关系。
你不能局限于你的出生地
9ZgVzhW5WDJul 29th, 03:33
The following is what Coyett says in his book about what Koxinga thinks of the so called Dutch friendship. From that, I have to say Koxinga has a very good in depth understanding of the Dutch and he must have conducted a good intelligence work before making his move.
Koxinga’s Response to Dutch protestations of friendship: “[Holland’s friendship] held towards him was of the same nature as that held towards other Indian Potentates and Princes: namely, that from their side, it lasted just so long as there was any advantage to be gained by it; for if they saw it to be to their advantage, no such friendship was observed, but they would not scruple in the least to throw a net over any one’s head when it suited them to do so.”
以下是Coyett在他的书中关于所谓的郑成功认为荷兰的友谊。我必须说郑成功非常了解荷兰，他在战前做到了知己知彼。
郑成功对荷兰示好的反应：“（荷兰的友谊）对他和对印度其它统治者和王子们一样，即：以他们的角度，对他们有利就维持友谊，因为如果他们觉得对他们有利，不需要观察就可以建立友谊，但是如果需要的话他们也会毫无顾忌的牺牲掉他们”
-------------译者：寰宇龙腾-------------
sharkroroAug 3rd, 08:08
“The miracle of the discovery, that had never been seen, of the deserted aboriginal - which left for these grandiose mountain and river - shifts to the lost loyalist’s world belonging to former dynasty. The detailed adversity of the circumstances, that got him stretched less, of all-life surroundings - that were returned from personal sorrow to those sky and earth - turns to an all-advanced spiritualist.” - by Shen Bao-jen (1820-1879) of Qing dynasty’s Southern-Ocean Commercial Minister.
“开万古得未曾有之奇，洪荒留此山川，作遗民世界；极一生无可如何之遇，缺憾还诸天地，是创格完人。”——沈葆桢（1820－1879）清代南洋大臣。（注：沈葆桢（1820－1879），字幼丹，又字翰宇，汉族，福建侯官（今福州）人。清代抵抗侵略的著名封疆大吏林则徐之婿。咸丰十一年（1861），曾国藩请他赴安庆大营，委以重用。同治十三年（1874），日本以琉球船民漂流到台湾，被高山族人民误杀为借口，发动侵台战争。清廷派沈葆桢为钦差大臣，赴台办理海防，兼理各国事务大臣，筹划海防事宜，办理日本撤兵交涉。由此，沈葆桢开始了他在台湾的近代化倡导之路。）
The above was written after Emperor Guanghsu’s permission in 1875 when Shen supervised the defense affair in Tainan, then capital of “Taiwan County” belonging to Fujian Province. Before then, Qing tended to hate Zheng’s separatism. Shen groaned the contemporary sufferings from European power’s insults at China, expressing thoughts of the ambition to have Han and Manchurian hug together.
上面对联写于1875年，光绪皇帝允许他监督台湾防务之后。当时台湾县属于福建省。此前，清朝试图打击郑的分离势力。沈葆桢痛心于时人受到欧洲势力压迫，发出汉满团结的志向。
For me, reciting this poem is the best way to remember Koxinga, the founder of first Chinese regime in Taiwan. In cross-strait China, Koxinga is a hero whose legacy must be taught to descendants owing to his maintaining Chinese dignity. In politics, there is no absolute question or answer. Therefore, making good use of the alteration of truth and explanation about this period, the present Beijing centre shows the political means of kind and smooth way to settle down Taiwan issue while holding attitude toward one-China policy.
对我而言，引述这幅对联是对郑成功最好的纪念。郑是在台湾建立中国政体的第一人。在海峡两岸的中国，郑是一位英雄，他的精神遗产必须教于后人，因为他保存了中国的尊严。政治方面没有完全绝对的问题或答案。因此，利用好真实的变更和解释这一段时期，北京方面释放了政治善意和柔软手段来安抚台湾事务，同时坚定一个中国政策。
For territorial integrity first, no other regime is legally allowed to be called China in any form. But, he brings Chinese civilization for Taiwan, full of Chinese nationalist awareness - although an isolated loneliness. Therefore, there is positive more than negative. In Taiwan’s history, all the recorded rulers comes from outside Taiwan except for Lee Tung-huee and Chen Shui-buan. The similar idea of critique from this to that is for Chen, who established the first real Chinese democracy. As dealing with the political affairs, too many paranoid or just peeping at the tiny - the halo effect - appears only to lose the original stand. Sometimes audiences feel the politics strange, but win-loss or say wax-wane cycle is ordinary phenomenon that politics is.
因为领土完整为第一要务 ，没有其他政体被允许称为中国，无论以何种方式。但是，郑给台湾带来了中华文明，充满了中华民族主义意识——虽然是隔绝的孤独。因此，积极方面大于消极方面。在台湾的历史里，所有的统治者都是台湾岛外的，除了李登辉和陈水扁。相同看法的文章，认为陈水扁建立了第一个真正意义上的民主。处理政治事物时，太多的偏执狂和狭隘者，丧失了最初的立场。有时观察者觉得政治奇怪，但是输赢，或者说盈亏循环本是政治中的平常现象。
Zheng Cheng-gong (Aug. 1624-Jun.1662) was born in Japan. His father Zheng Zhi-long and Yen Hs-chi did piratical business in many East Asian nation. At age of 6, he studied in Fujian and Nanjing under Ming’s scholars after his father and the followings surrender to Ming. In 1644, Qing started in Beijing. After Shi Ke-fa failed to resist Qing’s military, in 1645, he accepted “Zhu”, Ming’s royalty name, as his afterward family name in Ming Emperor Longwu’s gift - the origin of Koxinga. Later, he rejected his father’s suggestion of surrender to Qing, organizing the rest of Ming’s affiliation and successfully forming the biggest navy in Asia. In 1649, the last Ming Emperor Yongli awarded him “King of Yengpin” - Taiwanese respectful request.
郑成功（1624.8—1662.6）生于日本。他父亲郑芝龙在东亚许多国家干海盗生意。6岁时在福建和南京求学于明朝学者，因为他父亲和追随者已经接受明朝廷招安了。1644年，清兵进入北京。1645年史可法兵败，郑成功接受明朝赐姓“朱”，作为后代的姓，这就是他被称为国姓爷的开始。此后，他反对父亲向清投降的建议 ，整顿明朝余部，并成功建立东亚最大的海军。1649年，明朝最后一个皇帝永利封他为延平王。
——台湾人恭敬的请求
In 1658, he and Zhang Huang-yen had regained the territory near downstream Yangtze river but it lasted very shortly. After he failed to recover Nanjing, he depended on the strong navy army, figuring out another source of army for the sustainable base of resistance to Qing. In 1661 while ensuring the safety of Xiamen by annihilating almost of Qing’s navy, he listened to Ho Bing’s advice on the gain in Taiwan island. He took Fort Provintia easily. Although Holland’s chief executive, Frederik Coyett, resisted his military for several months with afterward reinforce from Jakarta’s East India Company, he forced Holland to relinquish Fort Zeelandia in Feb, 1662. He developed Taiwan’s territory from present Changhua to Pintung but, just after few months, he died owing to heat of the fever as hearing of Qing’s seriously sea-trade ban.
1658年，郑成功和张皇言恢复了长江下游的版图，但是持续的时间很短。恢复南京失败之后，他依靠海军，想出了解决兵源基地以抗清的办法。1661年消灭了泉州的清兵，他听从建议夺取台湾岛。很容易就拿下赤嵌城。虽然荷兰总督 督揆一抵抗了几个月求援与雅加达的东印度公司。1662年2月，郑成功使荷兰人放弃了安平古堡。他把地盘从彰化扩展的屏东。因他听到清朝严厉的海禁令，外加水土不服几个月后患热病而死。
Zheng’s regime had a large group of trade ship and warship. He and his son, Zheng Zing who was supported by Chen Yung-hua, used the name “King of Yengpin” (interior China) or were called “Formosa King” (overseas) to keep their surviving regime. Since he began to war against Qing, his issuing visa for Chinese and foreigner was universally valid in Asia. For Qing, his regime threatened Beijing, finally ended by Shi Lang who left his military for Qing. In 1683, China returned to the unity state.
郑的政权有大量的商船和战船。他和他儿子郑经，用延平王（中国内部）或者台湾王（国外）的称呼来延续统治。自从他与清作战以来，他给中国人和外观人发行的visa在东亚都是有效地。对清而言，他的政权对北京是个威胁。后来施琅投降清。1683年中国重回一统。
This article in Analect is excellent when Taipei’s leader, Ma Ying-jeou, and Taiwanese gradually forgot the real truth of Taiwanese spirit. In my youth, the local prevailed spreading Zheng’s anything from head to toe. Twenty years on, continuing to do this is nonsense in Taiwan with poor economic growth (1.94% by Taiwan’s Academic Sinica) - just leave his relic in Tainan “Fuchun” (town in Chinese) alone. With global situation in consideration of China’s Communist Party’s resolution in 2008 - recovering Taiwan by 2016 - the new carrier should be named Shi-lang, for the reason that China coexists with the rest of the world with promotion to the advanced vision of majesty. And another reason is my advice to Beijing.
这篇文章很好，特别是当台湾地区领导人马英九和台湾人逐渐遗忘真实的台湾精神时。我年轻时，台湾当地关于郑成功的故事将我包围。二十几年来，由于台湾经济低迷（1.94%by台湾中科院），再提这些已经没有意义，郑在台南留下的只是“富春（钱塘江）”。考虑到全球局势，以及北京的决心——2016年解决台湾问题——新航母应命名为施琅，因为中国与世和平共处的先进的视野的威严。另一个原因则是我本人给北京的建议。
还有一部分就不贴了，大家可以自己来龙腾网查看。