美国之音：中国超级电脑强在哪里？

中国推出最新超级计算机

中国新研制的超级计算机有望被认定是目前世界处理能力最强的计算机。这台芯片和处理器都来自美国技术公司的计算机也采用了中国国产的飞腾系列处理器，使其运算性能猛增，也显示出中国的科技实力。

在北京举行的2010年中国高性能计算学术年会上，由中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学研发的“天河一号A”的超级计算机成为焦点。

《彭博新闻社》报导说，目前这台超级计算机已经在国家超级计算天津中心安装和全面投入运转，性能高达2.507 千万亿次，创下新纪录。

如此之快的性能，有赖于计算机内部7168个由美国英伟达公司生产的制图芯片和14336个英特尔公司的微处理器。美国英伟达公司称，“天河一号A”的计算能力如同17万5千台笔记本电脑。

国家超级计算天津中心主任刘光明在一份由英伟达公司发布的声明中说，这台计算机带来无限的科研潜力。超级计算机可以应用于研究模拟经济交易、气候模型、新能源和国防，具有巨大战略意义。

根据目前的世界超级计算机十强排名，中国拥有其中的两个，美国拥有七个。但中国的“天河一号A”和“星云”超级计算机都十分先进。

在超级计算领域，美国、欧盟、日本和中国的竞争显得日趋激烈。将在两个星期后公布的全球500强名单就会揭晓世界最快计算系统的排名。

这个名单每六个月更新一次。参与编写榜单的田纳西大学计算机科学家杰克.唐加拉对《纽约时报》说，虽然目前还没有确定名单，但是中国的“天河一号A”已经远远抛离目前排名第一的计算机。

据德新社报道，"天河一号"二期系统每秒运算速度达到2507万亿次，同美国的超级计算机"美洲虎"相比，实测性能是"美洲虎"的1.425倍。本周四，中国国防科技大学在2010中国高性能计算学术年会（HPC China）上向业界展示了世界上最强超级计算机的资料。



中国官方通讯社新华社报道称，"天河一号"已在天津市滨海新区部署并投入使用。报道说，作为业务主机，"天河一号"在石油勘探、高端装备研制、工程设计与仿真分析、金融风险分析等诸多领域"获得了成功应用"。"天河一号"工程办公室主任李楠说，超级计算机是中国产业结构从"'中国制造'迈向'中国设计'的过程中的一项重要的基础设施"。



外国专家分析认为，"天河一号"超级计算机也可以用于军工产业。



"天河一号"的技术数据将在今年11月发布的世界最快的500台计算机排名中公布。



中国这台运算速度世界第一的超级计算机也并非是百分之百的中国制造。中央处理器芯片相当大部分使用的是英特尔公司的芯片。显卡芯片使用的是英伟达的产品。



但"天河一号"的耗电量却相对较低。新华社报道称，由于采用了世界最先进的水冷制冷等技术，"天河一号"是仅次于IBM"蓝色基因"的世界上最节能的超级计算机。



德国明镜在线报道称，组装超级计算机最大的难点是让无数个芯片迅速且顺畅地协同运转，让数据信息尽可能快地获得交换。在这个领域西方公司一直处于领先地位，但是如今优势已经被中国夺走。



美国橡树岭实验室超级计算机专家，田纳西大学教授杰克·唐格拉（Jack Dongarra）在接受《纽约时报》采访时说，未来一两年之内中国可能就能自行研制出自己的CPU芯片。美国芯片生产商可能也会由此失去市场上的优势，而通过中国技术加入竞争队伍，西方的电脑不久之后可能也不再需要依靠英特尔、英伟达以及AMD等公司的技术了。



现在还不清楚，"天河一号"是世界上运算速度最快的计算机的称号是否真的名副其实，因为外界掌握的有关美国"美洲虎"超级计算机的技术数据还是去年6月公布的。不过美国橡树岭实验室超级计算机专家唐格拉说，他觉得"天河一号"在短期内被超越的可能性不大。



综合报道：洪沙

暂时的第一不是目标，整体差距还是应该看到；
目前的国内超算，应该投入更大力量于提高应用效益了，排位战不说放弃，也不用太在意。

这台超级电脑对西方的巨大冲击力不亚于北京奥运会--中国能把事情做得如此出色!!!

给以掌声鼓励！

Is China a supercomputer threat? (Q&A)
by Brooke Crothers
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Jack Dongarra, a professor at University of Tennessee's department of electrical engineering. China's supercomputer is a 'wake-up call.'
(Credit: University of Tennessee)
With China expected to officially take the supercomputer performance crown next month, I asked an expert about the state of supercomputing in the U.S. and whether China poses a long-term threat to the United States' current preeminence in supercomputing.
Nvidia announced yesterday that its chips are powering the "Tianhe-1A" Chinese supercomputer that achieved 2.507 petaflops, beating a U.S.-based system that is currently ranked No. 1 on the June Top500 list of the fastest supercomputers in the world. The Chinese system is a unique hybrid design that uses approximately 7,000 Nvidia graphics chips along with 14,000 Intel Xeon CPUs. The graphics chips are what give the system the extra oomph to catapult it into the top supercomputer spot.
I spoke with Jack Dongarra, university distinguished professor at University of Tennessee's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and part of a group from the University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, and Georgia Tech that recently purchased a hybrid system. It is important to note that Oak Ridge houses the supercomputer, dubbed "Jaguar," cited above that is currently ranked No. 1 in the world based on the Top500 June list: it is not a hybrid system.
Q: Does Oak Ridge have anything analogous to the Chinese hybrid system?
Dongarra: Oak Ridge has a small version of a machine that is hybrid in nature. So, this is an acquisition that just took place...out of a grant from the National Science Foundation. It involved Oak Ridge National Labs, University of Tennessee, and Georgia Tech. But it's much, much smaller than the Chinese system. The machine is in place and testing is being carried out at Oak Ridge. A node has two Intel Westmere chips and three Nvidia Fermi boards. There are 120 nodes in the system.
What makes the Chinese supercomputer so fast?
Dongarra: The Chinese designed their own interconnect. It's not commodity. It's based on chips, based on a router, based on a switch that they produce.
Is that in essence the secret sauce?
Dongarra: It's similar to Cray. Cray's contribution, besides the integration and software, is the interconnect network. They have a very fast interconnect that makes that machine perform very well. Though [the Chinese] project is based on U.S. processors, it uses a Chinese interconnect. That's the interesting part. They've put something together that is roughly twice the bandwidth of an InfiniBand interconnect [which is used widely in the U.S.]
Will the Chinese system in fact take the No. 1 spot on the Top500 list in November?
Dongarra: Yes. I saw the machine. I saw the output. It's the real thing.
Why doesn't Oak Ridge do what the Chinese are doing?
Dongarra: Oak Ridge doesn't have the ability or technology to develop an interconnect or a router. We don't make computers. We buy computers and use them. It's not within our scope or mission to be in the computer design business.
What's your advice?
Dongarra: You have to remember that you have to not only invest in the hardware. It's like a race care. In order to run the race car, you need a driver. You need to effectively use the machine. And we need to invest in various levels within the supercomputer ecology. The ecology is made up of the hardware, the operating system, the compiler, the applications, the numerical libraries, and so on. And you have to maintain an investment across that whole software stack in order to effectively use the hardware. And that's an aspect that sometimes we forget about. It's underfunded. We fund the hardware but we don't the other components. The ecosystem tends to get out of balance because the hardware tends to run far ahead of what we can develop in terms of software. We have machines that have a tremendous level of parallelism. We currently have a very crude way of doing programming.
Who would do that?
Dongarra: The research is performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Defense.
Is this a red flag for the U.S.?
Dongarra: Yes, this is a wake-up call. We need to realize that other countries are capable of doing this. We're losing an advantage.


Read more: http://news.cnet.com/8301-13924_3-20021122-64.html#ixzz13i14n5V4

谁能给解释一下这个新的互联技术捏？

果然是独创性带来的先进体验啊

foobar 发表于 2010-10-29 09:22
要说对西方发达国家灵魂深处的巨大冲击力是完全超越北京奥运会。
      北京奥运会体现的是组织能力，这台超级电脑体现的是把握未来的能力！！！

老黄通共...................

中国加油

加油

感觉不用国产芯片
就是在帮助美国的A和I发展经济

仿真人 发表于 2010-10-29 10:12


    就是自研的高速互连芯片；
超算集成大量CPU&GPU，需要极高的带宽才能协同工作，高速互连技术是超算的主要瓶颈和核心技术之一（还有多处理器操作系统、编译技术等等）；
“天河一号A”用了自主知识产权的160GB带宽互连芯片，是世界一流的水平。

从国产“飞腾-1000”CPU芯片65nm、网络芯片90nm工艺来看，“天河一号A”其实还有潜力可挖。

恭喜啊！

foobar 发表于 2010-10-29 09:22

出色,和绝

不容易啊，再接再励

加油，加油。排位不重要，实际应用中更重要

恭喜美国之音从八十年代和平演变的代表，演变成土共宣传打手啊

回复 1# bhhsy

令人振奋的消息啊:D

这个美国之音的报道还能看明白。互联技术世界一流也不错了，再加把劲，CPU也世界一流。

据说我国在超级计算机应用软件方面不如人意啊

国防科大学生飘过，欢迎大家报考我校。信息和计算机研究生的大大的需要

低调,低调

不如让宣布推迟发布,避开风头.

毕竟,自己用着行,让贼惦记着不行啊

同意，要低调啊

同意，要低调啊

lted 发表于 2010-10-29 13:20

祝贺
低调

lted 发表于 2010-10-29 13:20
因为应用软件不行，所以就不用发展超算了。这个思维很可笑

很多单位的空闲计算能力让人感到很无语。

美国之音居然再说中国的好话？我是不是进入异次元？

我们需要在前十名与美国平分秋色、前100名超过美国、前1000名占据绝对优势。将世界计算中心从美国搬到中国来。尽管原创可能需要长时间的积累，但应用科学完全有能力赶上和超越。先从制造工厂转型为设计工厂，最终转型为创造中心。当然前提是物尽其用。

异构体系互连能达到如此速度很爽阿

lted 发表于 2010-10-29 13:20

软件向来是软肋啊，还需努力、

jshzzr1983 发表于 2010-10-29 17:19

我以为他没有你说这个意思，是你想歪了。

人家确实说了个实话，应用软件水平确实还有待发展。

希望能把它的潜力都发挥出来

回复 4# 绿林好汉


    是的，排位从某种意义讲就是做一次广告，以后才有人信

自主的互联，想起了华为当年

Chris_Tse 发表于 2010-10-29 11:18

1万个CPU也不过千万。。。。（咱电脑城一个月卖的CPU也比这个多得多）

这超级电脑能卖出个十几乃至几十亿。。。。

如果这算帮衬A和I，那TG绝对乐意。。。。