超级军网翻译 AIM-120各批次简介
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The AIM-120 AMRAAM (Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile) is a fire-and-forget air-to-air missile, and has replaced the AIM-7 Sparrow as the U.S. military's standard BVR (Beyond Visual Range) intercept missile.
In the late 1970s, the U.S. military services decided that they needed a medium-range air-to-air missile with a true fire-and-forget capability. The SARH (Semi-Active Radar Homing) guidance of the AIM-7 Sparrow required the launching aircraft's radar to illuminate the target until impact, which made the aircraft a target itself and also limited its ability to engage several targets simultaneously. In February 1979, Hughes and Raytheon were selected as finalists for the YAIM-120A AMRAAM (Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile) competition, and in December 1981 Hughes was declared winner. A year before, a joint U.S./European agreement for development of a new family of air-to-air weapons had been signed. This agreement put the responsibility for the BVR AMRAAM to the United States, while the complementary ASRAAM (Advanced Short-Range Air-to-Air Missile) (later AIM-132) would be developed in Europe. In February 1984 the first production-representative AIM-120A missile was launched from an F-16 aircraft, but it was not before September 1987 that the first supersonic launch succeeded. The AMRAAM program was troubled by all sorts of technical and political problems, not the least of which was severe cost overrun because of the protracted development period. The first LRIP (Low-Rate Initial Production) AIM-120A was delivered in October 1988, but it took until September 1991 that IOC (Initial Operational Capability) was finally achieved.
The AIM-120A is powered by a solid-propellant rocket motor in a WPU-6/B propulsion section. Before launch, the launching aircraft's fire control system programs the missile's inertial autopilot in the WGU-16/B guidance unit to bring it into a homing basket in the vicinity of the target. The autopilot can receive mid-course updates from the aircraft via a data link. The AMRAAM's WCU-11/B control section controls the missile in flight with the four movable tail fins. As soon as the target is within range, the AMRAAM activates its active radar seeker for autonomous terminal homing. The 23 kg (50 lb) WDU-33/B fragmentation warhead is detonated by an FZU-49/B fuzing system consisting of a "smart" (anti-clutter) proximity fuze and an impact fuze. The effective range of the AIM-120A of course highly depends on the firing parameters, and official performance data are classified. Typical quoted figures for maximum range vary between 50 km (30 miles) and 70 km (45 miles). For the lower portions of the AMRAAM's range envelope (minimum range is said to be 2 km (2200 yds)), where the mid-course guidance updates are not needed, the AIM-120 is a true fire-and-forget weapon.
Non-tactical variants of the AIM-120A are the CATM-120A captive-carry training missile, the DATM-120A for ground-handling training, and the JAIM-120A with telemetry electronics for test and evaluation purposes.
Although a few AIM-120As were deployed to the Gulf during Operation Desert Storm in early 1991, no AMRAAMs were fired in that conflict (officially, at least). The first combat use of an AIM-120A occurred in December 1992, when an F-16C shot down an Iraqi MiG-25 during Operation Southern Watch.
The AIM-120B, which was first delivered in late 1994, had a new WGU-41/B guidance section. It had software in reprogrammable EPROM modules, a new digital processor and other electronics updates. Non-tactical versions are the CATM-120B captive-carry and JAIM-120B test and evaluation missiles.
The AMRAAM P3I (Pre-Planned Product Improvement) program led to the AIM-120C, first delivered in 1996. The major new feature of the basic AIM-120C (P3I Phase 1) are the clipped wings and fins. Although this feature was introduced to allow carriage in the internal weapons bays of the F/A-22 Raptor, the -120C can also be used from other AMRAAM-capable aircraft. The guidance unit of the AIM-120C is upgraded to WGU-44/B standard. The first P3I Phase 2 missile is the AIM-120C-4 (first delivered in 1999), which has an improved WDU-41/B warhead. The AIM-120C-5 is a C-4 with a slightly larger motor in the new WPU-16/B propulsion section and a new shorter WCU-28/B control section with compressed electronics and ECCM upgrades. Deliveries of the AIM-120C-5 began in July 2000. It was followed on the production line by the AIM-120C-6, which features an updated TDD (Target Detection Device). The AIM-120C-7 (P3I Phase 3), development of which has begun in 1998, incorporates improved ECCM with jamming detection, an upgraded seeker, and longer range. The latter feature was specifically requested by the U.S. Navy to get a (somewhat) suitable replacement for the AIM-54 Phoenix very-long range missile, which was then planned to be retired together with the F-14D Tomcat around 2007 (actual official retirement was already in September 2004). The AIM-120C-7 was successfully tested against combat-realistic targets in August and September 2003, and IOC was then planned for 2004. This has slipped somewhat, but as of early 2006, the AIM-120C-7 is beginning to be fielded. Equivalent to the -120A/B, there are also CATM-120C and JAIM-120C non-tactical variants of the AIM-120C.
The AIM-120D (P3I Phase 4, formerly known as AIM-120C-8) is a development of the AIM-120C with a two-way data link, more accurate navigation using a GPS-enhanced IMU, an expanded no-escape envelope, improved HOBS (High-Angle Off-Boresight) capability, and a 50% increase in range. The AIM-120D is a joint USAF/USN project, and is currently in the testing phase. First production deliveries are expected for December 2007. The CATM-120D is the inert captive-carry training version of the AIM-120D.
More than 12000 AIM-120 missiles of all versions have been built so far, including a significant amount for non-U.S. customers. The AMRAAM can be carried by all current U.S. fighter aircraft (F-14D, F-15, F-16, F/A-18, F/A-22), and is launched from LAU-127/A, -128/A or -129/A CRLs (Common Rail Launchers), which can also be used for the AIM-9 Sidewinder.
In the late 1970s, the U.S. military services decided that they needed a medium-range air-to-air missile with a true fire-and-forget capability. The SARH (Semi-Active Radar Homing) guidance of the AIM-7 Sparrow required the launching aircraft's radar to illuminate the target until impact, which made the aircraft a target itself and also limited its ability to engage several targets simultaneously. In February 1979, Hughes and Raytheon were selected as finalists for the YAIM-120A AMRAAM (Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile) competition, and in December 1981 Hughes was declared winner. A year before, a joint U.S./European agreement for development of a new family of air-to-air weapons had been signed. This agreement put the responsibility for the BVR AMRAAM to the United States, while the complementary ASRAAM (Advanced Short-Range Air-to-Air Missile) (later AIM-132) would be developed in Europe. In February 1984 the first production-representative AIM-120A missile was launched from an F-16 aircraft, but it was not before September 1987 that the first supersonic launch succeeded. The AMRAAM program was troubled by all sorts of technical and political problems, not the least of which was severe cost overrun because of the protracted development period. The first LRIP (Low-Rate Initial Production) AIM-120A was delivered in October 1988, but it took until September 1991 that IOC (Initial Operational Capability) was finally achieved.
The AIM-120A is powered by a solid-propellant rocket motor in a WPU-6/B propulsion section. Before launch, the launching aircraft's fire control system programs the missile's inertial autopilot in the WGU-16/B guidance unit to bring it into a homing basket in the vicinity of the target. The autopilot can receive mid-course updates from the aircraft via a data link. The AMRAAM's WCU-11/B control section controls the missile in flight with the four movable tail fins. As soon as the target is within range, the AMRAAM activates its active radar seeker for autonomous terminal homing. The 23 kg (50 lb) WDU-33/B fragmentation warhead is detonated by an FZU-49/B fuzing system consisting of a "smart" (anti-clutter) proximity fuze and an impact fuze. The effective range of the AIM-120A of course highly depends on the firing parameters, and official performance data are classified. Typical quoted figures for maximum range vary between 50 km (30 miles) and 70 km (45 miles). For the lower portions of the AMRAAM's range envelope (minimum range is said to be 2 km (2200 yds)), where the mid-course guidance updates are not needed, the AIM-120 is a true fire-and-forget weapon.
Non-tactical variants of the AIM-120A are the CATM-120A captive-carry training missile, the DATM-120A for ground-handling training, and the JAIM-120A with telemetry electronics for test and evaluation purposes.
Although a few AIM-120As were deployed to the Gulf during Operation Desert Storm in early 1991, no AMRAAMs were fired in that conflict (officially, at least). The first combat use of an AIM-120A occurred in December 1992, when an F-16C shot down an Iraqi MiG-25 during Operation Southern Watch.
The AIM-120B, which was first delivered in late 1994, had a new WGU-41/B guidance section. It had software in reprogrammable EPROM modules, a new digital processor and other electronics updates. Non-tactical versions are the CATM-120B captive-carry and JAIM-120B test and evaluation missiles.
The AMRAAM P3I (Pre-Planned Product Improvement) program led to the AIM-120C, first delivered in 1996. The major new feature of the basic AIM-120C (P3I Phase 1) are the clipped wings and fins. Although this feature was introduced to allow carriage in the internal weapons bays of the F/A-22 Raptor, the -120C can also be used from other AMRAAM-capable aircraft. The guidance unit of the AIM-120C is upgraded to WGU-44/B standard. The first P3I Phase 2 missile is the AIM-120C-4 (first delivered in 1999), which has an improved WDU-41/B warhead. The AIM-120C-5 is a C-4 with a slightly larger motor in the new WPU-16/B propulsion section and a new shorter WCU-28/B control section with compressed electronics and ECCM upgrades. Deliveries of the AIM-120C-5 began in July 2000. It was followed on the production line by the AIM-120C-6, which features an updated TDD (Target Detection Device). The AIM-120C-7 (P3I Phase 3), development of which has begun in 1998, incorporates improved ECCM with jamming detection, an upgraded seeker, and longer range. The latter feature was specifically requested by the U.S. Navy to get a (somewhat) suitable replacement for the AIM-54 Phoenix very-long range missile, which was then planned to be retired together with the F-14D Tomcat around 2007 (actual official retirement was already in September 2004). The AIM-120C-7 was successfully tested against combat-realistic targets in August and September 2003, and IOC was then planned for 2004. This has slipped somewhat, but as of early 2006, the AIM-120C-7 is beginning to be fielded. Equivalent to the -120A/B, there are also CATM-120C and JAIM-120C non-tactical variants of the AIM-120C.
The AIM-120D (P3I Phase 4, formerly known as AIM-120C-8) is a development of the AIM-120C with a two-way data link, more accurate navigation using a GPS-enhanced IMU, an expanded no-escape envelope, improved HOBS (High-Angle Off-Boresight) capability, and a 50% increase in range. The AIM-120D is a joint USAF/USN project, and is currently in the testing phase. First production deliveries are expected for December 2007. The CATM-120D is the inert captive-carry training version of the AIM-120D.
More than 12000 AIM-120 missiles of all versions have been built so far, including a significant amount for non-U.S. customers. The AMRAAM can be carried by all current U.S. fighter aircraft (F-14D, F-15, F-16, F/A-18, F/A-22), and is launched from LAU-127/A, -128/A or -129/A CRLs (Common Rail Launchers), which can also be used for the AIM-9 Sidewinder.
AIM-120A
AIM-120C
AIM-120C
基本在这篇老文的基础上改写。http://www.harpoondatabases.com/encyclopedia/Entry683.aspx ;P
差异：
1、关于 AIM-120C-7 原文是“was successfully tested against combat-realistic targets in August and September 2003, and IOC was then planned for 2004.”显示文章早于2004年，而LZ引文里多了句“ This has slipped somewhat, but as of early 2006, the AIM-120C-7 is beginning to be fielded.” 那么就是2006年之后改写的。 整个关于 AIM-120C-7 的描述就多了这么一句，后面一样是CATM-120C 和JAIM-120C。
2、多了倒数第二段AIM-120D。不过按照原文的说法，D和C8不是一个东西。倒是有个AIM-120C9 对应了AMRAAM P3I.4。至于哪个说法正确，不知道。联合帝国上也有争议。
AIM-120A AMRAAM
AIM-120B AMRAAM
AIM-120C AMRAAM P3I (1997)
AIM-120C4 AMRAAM P3I.2 (1999/Lot 12)
AIM-120C5 AMRAAM P3I.2 (2001)
AIM-120C6 AMRAAM P3I.2 (2003/)
AIM-120C7 AMRAAM P3I.3 (2005)
AIM-120C8 AMRAAM P3I.3 (2008)
AIM-120C9 AMRAAM P3I.4 (2010)
3、削减了 SLAMRAAM 一段。
另外，关于产量一事显得改写作者非常偷懒，不愿意查数据。在2003年的时候120总产量突破了12000，改写作者成文时间已经过去3、4年了，依然用个“More than 12000 ”搪塞，比较聪明，也比较懒惰。;P
差异：
1、关于 AIM-120C-7 原文是“was successfully tested against combat-realistic targets in August and September 2003, and IOC was then planned for 2004.”显示文章早于2004年，而LZ引文里多了句“ This has slipped somewhat, but as of early 2006, the AIM-120C-7 is beginning to be fielded.” 那么就是2006年之后改写的。 整个关于 AIM-120C-7 的描述就多了这么一句，后面一样是CATM-120C 和JAIM-120C。
2、多了倒数第二段AIM-120D。不过按照原文的说法，D和C8不是一个东西。倒是有个AIM-120C9 对应了AMRAAM P3I.4。至于哪个说法正确，不知道。联合帝国上也有争议。
AIM-120A AMRAAM
AIM-120B AMRAAM
AIM-120C AMRAAM P3I (1997)
AIM-120C4 AMRAAM P3I.2 (1999/Lot 12)
AIM-120C5 AMRAAM P3I.2 (2001)
AIM-120C6 AMRAAM P3I.2 (2003/)
AIM-120C7 AMRAAM P3I.3 (2005)
AIM-120C8 AMRAAM P3I.3 (2008)
AIM-120C9 AMRAAM P3I.4 (2010)
3、削减了 SLAMRAAM 一段。
另外，关于产量一事显得改写作者非常偷懒，不愿意查数据。在2003年的时候120总产量突破了12000，改写作者成文时间已经过去3、4年了，依然用个“More than 12000 ”搪塞，比较聪明，也比较懒惰。;P
SLAMRAAM 一段是有的，但我懒得翻，自然就没附上。:D
好文，收藏了:D
补充一些资料：
1、AIM-120C5，与C4相比，采用加长型发动机和新的WPU-16/B推进段。使用了新型WCU-28/B控制段，比以前产品的长度有所减少，并增强了电子对抗能力。另外一个最显著的特征是突破导引头万向节的方向调节限制，从而获得HOBS大离轴角发射能力。
2、AIM-120C6，主要升级Target Detection Device，据称是为了打击巡航导弹而采用的。预计产量不会很大，可能用于F-22。
3、关于C7、8和D，可以参考http://www.nwtradersinc.com/news ... ardid=15&id=193
另外，Lsquirrel的老译文也可以看看。http://hi.baidu.com/lsquirrel/bl ... 263dd3562c8428.html
1、AIM-120C5，与C4相比，采用加长型发动机和新的WPU-16/B推进段。使用了新型WCU-28/B控制段，比以前产品的长度有所减少，并增强了电子对抗能力。另外一个最显著的特征是突破导引头万向节的方向调节限制，从而获得HOBS大离轴角发射能力。
2、AIM-120C6，主要升级Target Detection Device，据称是为了打击巡航导弹而采用的。预计产量不会很大，可能用于F-22。
3、关于C7、8和D，可以参考http://www.nwtradersinc.com/news ... ardid=15&id=193
另外，Lsquirrel的老译文也可以看看。http://hi.baidu.com/lsquirrel/bl ... 263dd3562c8428.html
看了4楼给的原文地址 , 在文章最前面的尺寸数据中 , 弹长居然写的是 5.56米 :L :L :L
原帖由 Phantom_II 于 2008-6-1 10:05 发表
看了4楼给的原文地址 , 在文章最前面的尺寸数据中 , 弹长居然写的是 5.56米 :L :L :L
这个早注意到了,应该是3.65米之误。后面无论是120A/B还是PXIX,都是3.7米，这个显然也不准确。