超级军网20年来,俄罗斯五代机的发展.
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AL-41 engine problems are over, says Lyulka Saturn
Flight International
August 2, 1995
Alexander Velovich/MOSCOW
MIKOYAN'S FIFTH-generation fighter, the Article 1.42, has been fitted with Lyulka Saturn AL-41 next-generation engines, with the engine- design bureau claiming that previous engine problems have been overcome.
Victor Chepkin, Lyulka Saturn president and chief executive, says that the AL-41s installed in the Mikoyan technology demonstrator, shown in June to Russian defence minister Gen Pavel Grachev, are development engines rather than experimental.
He adds that, as installed on the aircraft, these include circular thrust-vectoring nozzles. Circular- and box-nozzle thrust-vectoring configurations are thought to have been examined.
The 1.42's first flight has been delayed repeatedly, with Mikoyan saying that this was partly the result of problems with the powerplant.
Chepkin claims that AL-41 performance "... is in no way inferior to the Pratt & Whitney F-119 engine powering the F-22". The AL-41 is a fifth- generation engine distinguished in principle by "...absolutely new aerodynamics, ie all compressors and turbines were designed and developed exclusively using a three-dimensional computer model," he explains.
。
The design also includes advanced materials, including high load- bearing titanium alloys and compacted heat-resistant powder alloys for discs, shafts and load-bearing body parts.
Chepkin says that a qualitatively new level of turbine-inlet temperature has been attained in the AL-41 design adding 250 degreesC to the value achieved in the Lyulka AL-31, now powering the Sukhoi Su- 27/Su-33, which required a new level of technology for blade cooling.
The high inlet temperature is necessary to allow the aircraft to "supercruise" that is, to cruise supersonically without using reheat. The AL-41 has already logged a "sufficiently high number of hours" in flying testbeds.
Specification figures for thrust, specific fuel consumption and acceleration time have been met, according to Chepkin, but the turbofan has a limited guaranteed life.
AL-41发动机问题解决，留里卡土星
1995年8月2号
亚历山大 瓦洛维奇
米高扬的五代机，代号1。42，配装AL-41发动机，侧卫发动机设计商称，前期发动机问题解决。
维克多，切莆京，土星老总，说AL-41装配在米高扬验证机上，6月给俄国防长演示，正在开发的发动机，觉非测试阶段。
该发动机，包含环行矢量喷嘴。环状和盒状喷嘴都进行了测试。
1。42首飞已经延迟多次，米高扬成部分是由于动力问题。
切莆京成AL-41的性能，决不低于F119。AL-41是基于著名的。。原理”。。完全的新气动，等等，全部的压气机和涡轮都设计开发于专用3维计算机模型。他解释。
设计也包括，高级材料，高承载钛合金和结实的耐热粉末合金盘，轴和承载整机部分。
他说，更好的涡轮口温度，比AL-31高250 摄氏度（约合1900多，AL-31，1400摄氏度，1665K），需要更好的叶片冷却技术。
更高的涡前温度可以实现不加力超巡，AL-41已经在试车台达到很高的小时数。
推力详细数字，耗油和加速时间已经达到，切莆京说。但涡轮的寿命有限。
Sukhoi Wins Battle For Russian Fighter Follow-On
Aviation Week & Space Technology
May 6, 2002
BYLINE: ALEXEY KOMAROV; DOUGLAS BARRIE
SECTION: WORLD NEWS & ANALYSIS; Vol. 156, No. 18; Pg. 24
Sukhoi has emerged as the victor in Russia's long-running design-bureau battle to lead development of its air force's so-called fifth-generation fighter effort.
Ilya Klebanov, Russia's industry, science and technology minister, said that on Apr. 26 the government's military-industrial commission made the decision to award Sukhoi the role of lead developer for a fifth-generation fighter to succeed the Su-27 Flanker and MiG-29 Fulcrum. Klebanov added the MiG Corp. and the Yakovlev Design Bureau would participate in the program, known as the Perspektivnyi Aviatsionnyi Kompleks Frontovoi Aviatsyi (Prospective Aviation Complex for Frontal Aviation [PAK FA]).
Despite this, however, the decision is a serious blow for MiG, leaving it without a future fighter program. In the mid-1980s the company had defeated Sukhoi in winning the competition for a twin-engine heavy multi-role tactical fighter, the MFI (Mnogofunktionalniy Frontovoi Istribitel) program, intended to succeed the Flanker. MiG eventually flew the prototype, dubbed the Article 1.44, in April 2000, but the program proved unsustainable.
The timetable for the PAK FA is highly ambitious. A draft design of the aircraft is to be established by the end of 2002, with first flight of a prototype in 2006, with production beginning in 2010.
However, while purportedly not intended as the basis for a frontline fighter, the S-37 appears to have some six internal weapons bays under the fuselage; four across the mid-section of the aircraft, and a further two to the rear of the front-nose wheel door.
The Russian air force has also shown a concept design for a twin-engine aircraft which appears to use the basic S-37 fuselage plan-form, but with a conventional wing, and tail surfaces rather than canards. The design, which includes low-observable elements, also appears to have two-dimensional thrust-vector nozzles.
In funding the program, Russia may look to its client arms-purchasing states as potential launch partners. Klebanov and Yuri Koptev, head of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, have previously suggested funding for the PAK FA fighter would be drawn from a variety of sources, including government, industry and possibly a ''foreign strategic partner.''
THE MOST OBVIOUS CANDIDATE for this is India, which is looking to further develop its own indigenous aerospace industry through strategic linkages with Russia. Sukhoi is producing the Su-30MKI for India, with this derivative of the Flanker also slated for license production in the latter country.
Last year Sukhoi teamed with several Russian aviation research and development companies to work on a new fifth-generation fighter (AW&ST May 28, 2001, p. 37). Industry support, combined with a comparatively strong funding flow from exports, made Sukhoi's fifth-generation fighter project proposals more attractive to the cash-strapped Russian government. Some sources said the state budget allocated only $ 1.5 billion for new-generation fighter development, obviously not enough to cover such an ambitious program.
Though details of the requirements for the new project are closely held, officials involved attempt to cast the PAK FA as a competitor to the U.S. Joint Strike Fighter rather than the F-22 Raptor. The requirement is believed to call for an aircraft larger than the MiG-29, but smaller than the Su-27. It remains to be determined whether this will be a single- or a twin-engine design.
苏霍伊赢得毛五代计划
2002年5月6号
苏霍伊成为胜利者，来领导开发俄五代机
爱拉 克里巴诺夫，俄罗斯工业科技部长，说5月26称，国家军事工业委员会决定签约苏霍伊领导开发SU-27和MIG-29后的下代战机。他说米高扬和雅克公司都加入PAK FA计划
然而，这个决定对米高扬来说是严峻的，使其没有一个未来战机计划。80年代中期，该公司击败苏霍伊，获得双发重型多功能战术飞机，MFI计划，该计划打算取代侧卫。米格最后于2000年5月首飞原型机，代号1。44 ，但该计划无法承担未来的形势。
PAK FA 的时间表雄心勃勃。飞机设计草图计划于2002年末完成。2006年首飞，2010年生产。
然而，据称不打算以此为前线战机的基础，S-37在机腹有6个弹仓，飞机中部四个，前轮仓门后放置另两弹。
俄罗斯空军也展示过使用基于S-37的机身机构的概念设计，但常规机翼，及尾面优于鸭翼。包含低可探测组件的该设计也有2维喷口。基于该计划，俄罗斯可能视将要购买该机的客户为潜在的伙伴。俄罗斯航空航天局高层，克里巴诺夫和尤里科普特夫，建议PAK FA战机可以与外方合作。
去年苏霍伊和几个俄罗斯航空研发公司一起开发新的五代机。企业的支持，结合强大的出口得来的资金，使苏霍伊五代战机计划对资金短缺的俄国有更大的吸引力。某些消息来源称，该国只有15亿美金的五代机开发经费，显然不够如此雄心勃勃的计划。
虽然详细需求已经确定，但改过政府试图与JSP竞争，而不是F-22。该需求认为需要一款比MIG-29大，但比SU-27小的战机。AL-41 engine problems are over, says Lyulka Saturn
Flight International
August 2, 1995
Alexander Velovich/MOSCOW
MIKOYAN'S FIFTH-generation fighter, the Article 1.42, has been fitted with Lyulka Saturn AL-41 next-generation engines, with the engine- design bureau claiming that previous engine problems have been overcome.
Victor Chepkin, Lyulka Saturn president and chief executive, says that the AL-41s installed in the Mikoyan technology demonstrator, shown in June to Russian defence minister Gen Pavel Grachev, are development engines rather than experimental.
He adds that, as installed on the aircraft, these include circular thrust-vectoring nozzles. Circular- and box-nozzle thrust-vectoring configurations are thought to have been examined.
The 1.42's first flight has been delayed repeatedly, with Mikoyan saying that this was partly the result of problems with the powerplant.
Chepkin claims that AL-41 performance "... is in no way inferior to the Pratt & Whitney F-119 engine powering the F-22". The AL-41 is a fifth- generation engine distinguished in principle by "...absolutely new aerodynamics, ie all compressors and turbines were designed and developed exclusively using a three-dimensional computer model," he explains.
。
The design also includes advanced materials, including high load- bearing titanium alloys and compacted heat-resistant powder alloys for discs, shafts and load-bearing body parts.
Chepkin says that a qualitatively new level of turbine-inlet temperature has been attained in the AL-41 design adding 250 degreesC to the value achieved in the Lyulka AL-31, now powering the Sukhoi Su- 27/Su-33, which required a new level of technology for blade cooling.
The high inlet temperature is necessary to allow the aircraft to "supercruise" that is, to cruise supersonically without using reheat. The AL-41 has already logged a "sufficiently high number of hours" in flying testbeds.
Specification figures for thrust, specific fuel consumption and acceleration time have been met, according to Chepkin, but the turbofan has a limited guaranteed life.
AL-41发动机问题解决，留里卡土星
1995年8月2号
亚历山大 瓦洛维奇
米高扬的五代机，代号1。42，配装AL-41发动机，侧卫发动机设计商称，前期发动机问题解决。
维克多，切莆京，土星老总，说AL-41装配在米高扬验证机上，6月给俄国防长演示，正在开发的发动机，觉非测试阶段。
该发动机，包含环行矢量喷嘴。环状和盒状喷嘴都进行了测试。
1。42首飞已经延迟多次，米高扬成部分是由于动力问题。
切莆京成AL-41的性能，决不低于F119。AL-41是基于著名的。。原理”。。完全的新气动，等等，全部的压气机和涡轮都设计开发于专用3维计算机模型。他解释。
设计也包括，高级材料，高承载钛合金和结实的耐热粉末合金盘，轴和承载整机部分。
他说，更好的涡轮口温度，比AL-31高250 摄氏度（约合1900多，AL-31，1400摄氏度，1665K），需要更好的叶片冷却技术。
更高的涡前温度可以实现不加力超巡，AL-41已经在试车台达到很高的小时数。
推力详细数字，耗油和加速时间已经达到，切莆京说。但涡轮的寿命有限。
Sukhoi Wins Battle For Russian Fighter Follow-On
Aviation Week & Space Technology
May 6, 2002
BYLINE: ALEXEY KOMAROV; DOUGLAS BARRIE
SECTION: WORLD NEWS & ANALYSIS; Vol. 156, No. 18; Pg. 24
Sukhoi has emerged as the victor in Russia's long-running design-bureau battle to lead development of its air force's so-called fifth-generation fighter effort.
Ilya Klebanov, Russia's industry, science and technology minister, said that on Apr. 26 the government's military-industrial commission made the decision to award Sukhoi the role of lead developer for a fifth-generation fighter to succeed the Su-27 Flanker and MiG-29 Fulcrum. Klebanov added the MiG Corp. and the Yakovlev Design Bureau would participate in the program, known as the Perspektivnyi Aviatsionnyi Kompleks Frontovoi Aviatsyi (Prospective Aviation Complex for Frontal Aviation [PAK FA]).
Despite this, however, the decision is a serious blow for MiG, leaving it without a future fighter program. In the mid-1980s the company had defeated Sukhoi in winning the competition for a twin-engine heavy multi-role tactical fighter, the MFI (Mnogofunktionalniy Frontovoi Istribitel) program, intended to succeed the Flanker. MiG eventually flew the prototype, dubbed the Article 1.44, in April 2000, but the program proved unsustainable.
The timetable for the PAK FA is highly ambitious. A draft design of the aircraft is to be established by the end of 2002, with first flight of a prototype in 2006, with production beginning in 2010.
However, while purportedly not intended as the basis for a frontline fighter, the S-37 appears to have some six internal weapons bays under the fuselage; four across the mid-section of the aircraft, and a further two to the rear of the front-nose wheel door.
The Russian air force has also shown a concept design for a twin-engine aircraft which appears to use the basic S-37 fuselage plan-form, but with a conventional wing, and tail surfaces rather than canards. The design, which includes low-observable elements, also appears to have two-dimensional thrust-vector nozzles.
In funding the program, Russia may look to its client arms-purchasing states as potential launch partners. Klebanov and Yuri Koptev, head of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, have previously suggested funding for the PAK FA fighter would be drawn from a variety of sources, including government, industry and possibly a ''foreign strategic partner.''
THE MOST OBVIOUS CANDIDATE for this is India, which is looking to further develop its own indigenous aerospace industry through strategic linkages with Russia. Sukhoi is producing the Su-30MKI for India, with this derivative of the Flanker also slated for license production in the latter country.
Last year Sukhoi teamed with several Russian aviation research and development companies to work on a new fifth-generation fighter (AW&ST May 28, 2001, p. 37). Industry support, combined with a comparatively strong funding flow from exports, made Sukhoi's fifth-generation fighter project proposals more attractive to the cash-strapped Russian government. Some sources said the state budget allocated only $ 1.5 billion for new-generation fighter development, obviously not enough to cover such an ambitious program.
Though details of the requirements for the new project are closely held, officials involved attempt to cast the PAK FA as a competitor to the U.S. Joint Strike Fighter rather than the F-22 Raptor. The requirement is believed to call for an aircraft larger than the MiG-29, but smaller than the Su-27. It remains to be determined whether this will be a single- or a twin-engine design.
苏霍伊赢得毛五代计划
2002年5月6号
苏霍伊成为胜利者，来领导开发俄五代机
爱拉 克里巴诺夫，俄罗斯工业科技部长，说5月26称，国家军事工业委员会决定签约苏霍伊领导开发SU-27和MIG-29后的下代战机。他说米高扬和雅克公司都加入PAK FA计划
然而，这个决定对米高扬来说是严峻的，使其没有一个未来战机计划。80年代中期，该公司击败苏霍伊，获得双发重型多功能战术飞机，MFI计划，该计划打算取代侧卫。米格最后于2000年5月首飞原型机，代号1。44 ，但该计划无法承担未来的形势。
PAK FA 的时间表雄心勃勃。飞机设计草图计划于2002年末完成。2006年首飞，2010年生产。
然而，据称不打算以此为前线战机的基础，S-37在机腹有6个弹仓，飞机中部四个，前轮仓门后放置另两弹。
俄罗斯空军也展示过使用基于S-37的机身机构的概念设计，但常规机翼，及尾面优于鸭翼。包含低可探测组件的该设计也有2维喷口。基于该计划，俄罗斯可能视将要购买该机的客户为潜在的伙伴。俄罗斯航空航天局高层，克里巴诺夫和尤里科普特夫，建议PAK FA战机可以与外方合作。
去年苏霍伊和几个俄罗斯航空研发公司一起开发新的五代机。企业的支持，结合强大的出口得来的资金，使苏霍伊五代战机计划对资金短缺的俄国有更大的吸引力。某些消息来源称，该国只有15亿美金的五代机开发经费，显然不够如此雄心勃勃的计划。
虽然详细需求已经确定，但改过政府试图与JSP竞争，而不是F-22。该需求认为需要一款比MIG-29大，但比SU-27小的战机。
Flight International
August 2, 1995
Alexander Velovich/MOSCOW
MIKOYAN'S FIFTH-generation fighter, the Article 1.42, has been fitted with Lyulka Saturn AL-41 next-generation engines, with the engine- design bureau claiming that previous engine problems have been overcome.
Victor Chepkin, Lyulka Saturn president and chief executive, says that the AL-41s installed in the Mikoyan technology demonstrator, shown in June to Russian defence minister Gen Pavel Grachev, are development engines rather than experimental.
He adds that, as installed on the aircraft, these include circular thrust-vectoring nozzles. Circular- and box-nozzle thrust-vectoring configurations are thought to have been examined.
The 1.42's first flight has been delayed repeatedly, with Mikoyan saying that this was partly the result of problems with the powerplant.
Chepkin claims that AL-41 performance "... is in no way inferior to the Pratt & Whitney F-119 engine powering the F-22". The AL-41 is a fifth- generation engine distinguished in principle by "...absolutely new aerodynamics, ie all compressors and turbines were designed and developed exclusively using a three-dimensional computer model," he explains.
。
The design also includes advanced materials, including high load- bearing titanium alloys and compacted heat-resistant powder alloys for discs, shafts and load-bearing body parts.
Chepkin says that a qualitatively new level of turbine-inlet temperature has been attained in the AL-41 design adding 250 degreesC to the value achieved in the Lyulka AL-31, now powering the Sukhoi Su- 27/Su-33, which required a new level of technology for blade cooling.
The high inlet temperature is necessary to allow the aircraft to "supercruise" that is, to cruise supersonically without using reheat. The AL-41 has already logged a "sufficiently high number of hours" in flying testbeds.
Specification figures for thrust, specific fuel consumption and acceleration time have been met, according to Chepkin, but the turbofan has a limited guaranteed life.
AL-41发动机问题解决，留里卡土星
1995年8月2号
亚历山大 瓦洛维奇
米高扬的五代机，代号1。42，配装AL-41发动机，侧卫发动机设计商称，前期发动机问题解决。
维克多，切莆京，土星老总，说AL-41装配在米高扬验证机上，6月给俄国防长演示，正在开发的发动机，觉非测试阶段。
该发动机，包含环行矢量喷嘴。环状和盒状喷嘴都进行了测试。
1。42首飞已经延迟多次，米高扬成部分是由于动力问题。
切莆京成AL-41的性能，决不低于F119。AL-41是基于著名的。。原理”。。完全的新气动，等等，全部的压气机和涡轮都设计开发于专用3维计算机模型。他解释。
设计也包括，高级材料，高承载钛合金和结实的耐热粉末合金盘，轴和承载整机部分。
他说，更好的涡轮口温度，比AL-31高250 摄氏度（约合1900多，AL-31，1400摄氏度，1665K），需要更好的叶片冷却技术。
更高的涡前温度可以实现不加力超巡，AL-41已经在试车台达到很高的小时数。
推力详细数字，耗油和加速时间已经达到，切莆京说。但涡轮的寿命有限。
Sukhoi Wins Battle For Russian Fighter Follow-On
Aviation Week & Space Technology
May 6, 2002
BYLINE: ALEXEY KOMAROV; DOUGLAS BARRIE
SECTION: WORLD NEWS & ANALYSIS; Vol. 156, No. 18; Pg. 24
Sukhoi has emerged as the victor in Russia's long-running design-bureau battle to lead development of its air force's so-called fifth-generation fighter effort.
Ilya Klebanov, Russia's industry, science and technology minister, said that on Apr. 26 the government's military-industrial commission made the decision to award Sukhoi the role of lead developer for a fifth-generation fighter to succeed the Su-27 Flanker and MiG-29 Fulcrum. Klebanov added the MiG Corp. and the Yakovlev Design Bureau would participate in the program, known as the Perspektivnyi Aviatsionnyi Kompleks Frontovoi Aviatsyi (Prospective Aviation Complex for Frontal Aviation [PAK FA]).
Despite this, however, the decision is a serious blow for MiG, leaving it without a future fighter program. In the mid-1980s the company had defeated Sukhoi in winning the competition for a twin-engine heavy multi-role tactical fighter, the MFI (Mnogofunktionalniy Frontovoi Istribitel) program, intended to succeed the Flanker. MiG eventually flew the prototype, dubbed the Article 1.44, in April 2000, but the program proved unsustainable.
The timetable for the PAK FA is highly ambitious. A draft design of the aircraft is to be established by the end of 2002, with first flight of a prototype in 2006, with production beginning in 2010.
However, while purportedly not intended as the basis for a frontline fighter, the S-37 appears to have some six internal weapons bays under the fuselage; four across the mid-section of the aircraft, and a further two to the rear of the front-nose wheel door.
The Russian air force has also shown a concept design for a twin-engine aircraft which appears to use the basic S-37 fuselage plan-form, but with a conventional wing, and tail surfaces rather than canards. The design, which includes low-observable elements, also appears to have two-dimensional thrust-vector nozzles.
In funding the program, Russia may look to its client arms-purchasing states as potential launch partners. Klebanov and Yuri Koptev, head of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, have previously suggested funding for the PAK FA fighter would be drawn from a variety of sources, including government, industry and possibly a ''foreign strategic partner.''
THE MOST OBVIOUS CANDIDATE for this is India, which is looking to further develop its own indigenous aerospace industry through strategic linkages with Russia. Sukhoi is producing the Su-30MKI for India, with this derivative of the Flanker also slated for license production in the latter country.
Last year Sukhoi teamed with several Russian aviation research and development companies to work on a new fifth-generation fighter (AW&ST May 28, 2001, p. 37). Industry support, combined with a comparatively strong funding flow from exports, made Sukhoi's fifth-generation fighter project proposals more attractive to the cash-strapped Russian government. Some sources said the state budget allocated only $ 1.5 billion for new-generation fighter development, obviously not enough to cover such an ambitious program.
Though details of the requirements for the new project are closely held, officials involved attempt to cast the PAK FA as a competitor to the U.S. Joint Strike Fighter rather than the F-22 Raptor. The requirement is believed to call for an aircraft larger than the MiG-29, but smaller than the Su-27. It remains to be determined whether this will be a single- or a twin-engine design.
苏霍伊赢得毛五代计划
2002年5月6号
苏霍伊成为胜利者，来领导开发俄五代机
爱拉 克里巴诺夫，俄罗斯工业科技部长，说5月26称，国家军事工业委员会决定签约苏霍伊领导开发SU-27和MIG-29后的下代战机。他说米高扬和雅克公司都加入PAK FA计划
然而，这个决定对米高扬来说是严峻的，使其没有一个未来战机计划。80年代中期，该公司击败苏霍伊，获得双发重型多功能战术飞机，MFI计划，该计划打算取代侧卫。米格最后于2000年5月首飞原型机，代号1。44 ，但该计划无法承担未来的形势。
PAK FA 的时间表雄心勃勃。飞机设计草图计划于2002年末完成。2006年首飞，2010年生产。
然而，据称不打算以此为前线战机的基础，S-37在机腹有6个弹仓，飞机中部四个，前轮仓门后放置另两弹。
俄罗斯空军也展示过使用基于S-37的机身机构的概念设计，但常规机翼，及尾面优于鸭翼。包含低可探测组件的该设计也有2维喷口。基于该计划，俄罗斯可能视将要购买该机的客户为潜在的伙伴。俄罗斯航空航天局高层，克里巴诺夫和尤里科普特夫，建议PAK FA战机可以与外方合作。
去年苏霍伊和几个俄罗斯航空研发公司一起开发新的五代机。企业的支持，结合强大的出口得来的资金，使苏霍伊五代战机计划对资金短缺的俄国有更大的吸引力。某些消息来源称，该国只有15亿美金的五代机开发经费，显然不够如此雄心勃勃的计划。
虽然详细需求已经确定，但改过政府试图与JSP竞争，而不是F-22。该需求认为需要一款比MIG-29大，但比SU-27小的战机。AL-41 engine problems are over, says Lyulka Saturn
Flight International
August 2, 1995
Alexander Velovich/MOSCOW
MIKOYAN'S FIFTH-generation fighter, the Article 1.42, has been fitted with Lyulka Saturn AL-41 next-generation engines, with the engine- design bureau claiming that previous engine problems have been overcome.
Victor Chepkin, Lyulka Saturn president and chief executive, says that the AL-41s installed in the Mikoyan technology demonstrator, shown in June to Russian defence minister Gen Pavel Grachev, are development engines rather than experimental.
He adds that, as installed on the aircraft, these include circular thrust-vectoring nozzles. Circular- and box-nozzle thrust-vectoring configurations are thought to have been examined.
The 1.42's first flight has been delayed repeatedly, with Mikoyan saying that this was partly the result of problems with the powerplant.
Chepkin claims that AL-41 performance "... is in no way inferior to the Pratt & Whitney F-119 engine powering the F-22". The AL-41 is a fifth- generation engine distinguished in principle by "...absolutely new aerodynamics, ie all compressors and turbines were designed and developed exclusively using a three-dimensional computer model," he explains.
。
The design also includes advanced materials, including high load- bearing titanium alloys and compacted heat-resistant powder alloys for discs, shafts and load-bearing body parts.
Chepkin says that a qualitatively new level of turbine-inlet temperature has been attained in the AL-41 design adding 250 degreesC to the value achieved in the Lyulka AL-31, now powering the Sukhoi Su- 27/Su-33, which required a new level of technology for blade cooling.
The high inlet temperature is necessary to allow the aircraft to "supercruise" that is, to cruise supersonically without using reheat. The AL-41 has already logged a "sufficiently high number of hours" in flying testbeds.
Specification figures for thrust, specific fuel consumption and acceleration time have been met, according to Chepkin, but the turbofan has a limited guaranteed life.
AL-41发动机问题解决，留里卡土星
1995年8月2号
亚历山大 瓦洛维奇
米高扬的五代机，代号1。42，配装AL-41发动机，侧卫发动机设计商称，前期发动机问题解决。
维克多，切莆京，土星老总，说AL-41装配在米高扬验证机上，6月给俄国防长演示，正在开发的发动机，觉非测试阶段。
该发动机，包含环行矢量喷嘴。环状和盒状喷嘴都进行了测试。
1。42首飞已经延迟多次，米高扬成部分是由于动力问题。
切莆京成AL-41的性能，决不低于F119。AL-41是基于著名的。。原理”。。完全的新气动，等等，全部的压气机和涡轮都设计开发于专用3维计算机模型。他解释。
设计也包括，高级材料，高承载钛合金和结实的耐热粉末合金盘，轴和承载整机部分。
他说，更好的涡轮口温度，比AL-31高250 摄氏度（约合1900多，AL-31，1400摄氏度，1665K），需要更好的叶片冷却技术。
更高的涡前温度可以实现不加力超巡，AL-41已经在试车台达到很高的小时数。
推力详细数字，耗油和加速时间已经达到，切莆京说。但涡轮的寿命有限。
Sukhoi Wins Battle For Russian Fighter Follow-On
Aviation Week & Space Technology
May 6, 2002
BYLINE: ALEXEY KOMAROV; DOUGLAS BARRIE
SECTION: WORLD NEWS & ANALYSIS; Vol. 156, No. 18; Pg. 24
Sukhoi has emerged as the victor in Russia's long-running design-bureau battle to lead development of its air force's so-called fifth-generation fighter effort.
Ilya Klebanov, Russia's industry, science and technology minister, said that on Apr. 26 the government's military-industrial commission made the decision to award Sukhoi the role of lead developer for a fifth-generation fighter to succeed the Su-27 Flanker and MiG-29 Fulcrum. Klebanov added the MiG Corp. and the Yakovlev Design Bureau would participate in the program, known as the Perspektivnyi Aviatsionnyi Kompleks Frontovoi Aviatsyi (Prospective Aviation Complex for Frontal Aviation [PAK FA]).
Despite this, however, the decision is a serious blow for MiG, leaving it without a future fighter program. In the mid-1980s the company had defeated Sukhoi in winning the competition for a twin-engine heavy multi-role tactical fighter, the MFI (Mnogofunktionalniy Frontovoi Istribitel) program, intended to succeed the Flanker. MiG eventually flew the prototype, dubbed the Article 1.44, in April 2000, but the program proved unsustainable.
The timetable for the PAK FA is highly ambitious. A draft design of the aircraft is to be established by the end of 2002, with first flight of a prototype in 2006, with production beginning in 2010.
However, while purportedly not intended as the basis for a frontline fighter, the S-37 appears to have some six internal weapons bays under the fuselage; four across the mid-section of the aircraft, and a further two to the rear of the front-nose wheel door.
The Russian air force has also shown a concept design for a twin-engine aircraft which appears to use the basic S-37 fuselage plan-form, but with a conventional wing, and tail surfaces rather than canards. The design, which includes low-observable elements, also appears to have two-dimensional thrust-vector nozzles.
In funding the program, Russia may look to its client arms-purchasing states as potential launch partners. Klebanov and Yuri Koptev, head of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, have previously suggested funding for the PAK FA fighter would be drawn from a variety of sources, including government, industry and possibly a ''foreign strategic partner.''
THE MOST OBVIOUS CANDIDATE for this is India, which is looking to further develop its own indigenous aerospace industry through strategic linkages with Russia. Sukhoi is producing the Su-30MKI for India, with this derivative of the Flanker also slated for license production in the latter country.
Last year Sukhoi teamed with several Russian aviation research and development companies to work on a new fifth-generation fighter (AW&ST May 28, 2001, p. 37). Industry support, combined with a comparatively strong funding flow from exports, made Sukhoi's fifth-generation fighter project proposals more attractive to the cash-strapped Russian government. Some sources said the state budget allocated only $ 1.5 billion for new-generation fighter development, obviously not enough to cover such an ambitious program.
Though details of the requirements for the new project are closely held, officials involved attempt to cast the PAK FA as a competitor to the U.S. Joint Strike Fighter rather than the F-22 Raptor. The requirement is believed to call for an aircraft larger than the MiG-29, but smaller than the Su-27. It remains to be determined whether this will be a single- or a twin-engine design.
苏霍伊赢得毛五代计划
2002年5月6号
苏霍伊成为胜利者，来领导开发俄五代机
爱拉 克里巴诺夫，俄罗斯工业科技部长，说5月26称，国家军事工业委员会决定签约苏霍伊领导开发SU-27和MIG-29后的下代战机。他说米高扬和雅克公司都加入PAK FA计划
然而，这个决定对米高扬来说是严峻的，使其没有一个未来战机计划。80年代中期，该公司击败苏霍伊，获得双发重型多功能战术飞机，MFI计划，该计划打算取代侧卫。米格最后于2000年5月首飞原型机，代号1。44 ，但该计划无法承担未来的形势。
PAK FA 的时间表雄心勃勃。飞机设计草图计划于2002年末完成。2006年首飞，2010年生产。
然而，据称不打算以此为前线战机的基础，S-37在机腹有6个弹仓，飞机中部四个，前轮仓门后放置另两弹。
俄罗斯空军也展示过使用基于S-37的机身机构的概念设计，但常规机翼，及尾面优于鸭翼。包含低可探测组件的该设计也有2维喷口。基于该计划，俄罗斯可能视将要购买该机的客户为潜在的伙伴。俄罗斯航空航天局高层，克里巴诺夫和尤里科普特夫，建议PAK FA战机可以与外方合作。
去年苏霍伊和几个俄罗斯航空研发公司一起开发新的五代机。企业的支持，结合强大的出口得来的资金，使苏霍伊五代战机计划对资金短缺的俄国有更大的吸引力。某些消息来源称，该国只有15亿美金的五代机开发经费，显然不够如此雄心勃勃的计划。
虽然详细需求已经确定，但改过政府试图与JSP竞争，而不是F-22。该需求认为需要一款比MIG-29大，但比SU-27小的战机。
Defense Technology International - June 2007
Sukhoi plans further Su-27 derivative
Flight International
September 6, 2005
Sukhoi is to produce an advanced Su-35 variant of its Su-27 fighter for the Russian air force, amid concerns that the
parallel development of Moscow's fifth-generation fighter will be delayed by a shortage of funds.
Preliminary design work on the so-called T-50 is scheduled for completion late next year, but the Russian counterpart to the
USA's Lockheed Martin F-35 Joint Strike Fighter is unlikely to enter service and mass production until 2015, says Sukhoi
general designer Mikhail Pogosyan.
The design bureau has already spent about $100 million of its own funds on the project, he says.
The Moscow-based Avionika research and development corporation is currently bench-testing T-50 avionics, including a digital
flight-control system.
苏霍伊增进SU-27衍生型开发
2005年9月6号。
苏霍伊为俄罗斯空军提供高级SU-35衍生型，平行开发的莫斯科五代机将因为资金推迟。
T-50的初步设计工作计划2007年完成，但俄罗斯的竞争战机与F-35不太可能于2015年进入大批量生产。
该设计局已经为该进化自己花费了11亿美金。
莫斯科的航电研究开发公司正批次测试T-50的航电，包括数字飞控系统。
DATE:30/08/07
SOURCE:Flight International
Two engine manufacturers are to contest the second phase of the Russian air force's PAK FA next-generation fighter
requirement, says the commission established in June to select its propulsion system.
The programme's first phase will require an aircraft to fly by late 2008 or early 2009 with NPO Saturn's Item 117S engine,
which also powers Sukhoi's new Su-35-1. A second test phase will start in 2012-13 ahead of the PAK FA production timeframe
from 2015-16.
The latter effort will require the creation of technology demonstrators and their comparative testing over a two- or three-
year period.
Their proposals are based on the further development of the Item 117S design and a further evolution of Salyut's AL-31FM3 now
undergoing bench testing.
The companies will then create full-scale engines adhering to an air force specification that outlines a production design in
the 33,000-37,500lb-thrust (145-165kN) class while retaining the weight and dimensions of the current AL-31F series, with
swivel nozzle and a life of not less than 4,000 flight hours.
2007年8月30号
两家发动机厂竞争第二阶段的俄罗斯空军PAK FA下代战机的需求，确定在6月挑选动力系统。
该项目的第一阶段将需用NPO 土星的117S发动机于2008年晚期或2009年早期试飞。该发动机也装备苏霍伊的新SU-35-1。第二阶段将于2012-
2013年开始，PAK FA 生产时间是2015-2016年。
最近的需要建造技术验证机，他们的比较测试要2到3年。
他们的提案基于117S发展型和AL-31FM3（正在台架试车）的发展型。
该公司将建造全尺寸发动机来支持空军的详细要求，大致生产设计33,000-37,500lb-thrust (145-165kN)级别的发动机，保持现有AL-31的重量
和尺寸，转环喷口，不低于4000小时的飞行时间。
Flight International
September 6, 2005
Sukhoi is to produce an advanced Su-35 variant of its Su-27 fighter for the Russian air force, amid concerns that the
parallel development of Moscow's fifth-generation fighter will be delayed by a shortage of funds.
Preliminary design work on the so-called T-50 is scheduled for completion late next year, but the Russian counterpart to the
USA's Lockheed Martin F-35 Joint Strike Fighter is unlikely to enter service and mass production until 2015, says Sukhoi
general designer Mikhail Pogosyan.
The design bureau has already spent about $100 million of its own funds on the project, he says.
The Moscow-based Avionika research and development corporation is currently bench-testing T-50 avionics, including a digital
flight-control system.
苏霍伊增进SU-27衍生型开发
2005年9月6号。
苏霍伊为俄罗斯空军提供高级SU-35衍生型，平行开发的莫斯科五代机将因为资金推迟。
T-50的初步设计工作计划2007年完成，但俄罗斯的竞争战机与F-35不太可能于2015年进入大批量生产。
该设计局已经为该进化自己花费了11亿美金。
莫斯科的航电研究开发公司正批次测试T-50的航电，包括数字飞控系统。
DATE:30/08/07
SOURCE:Flight International
Two engine manufacturers are to contest the second phase of the Russian air force's PAK FA next-generation fighter
requirement, says the commission established in June to select its propulsion system.
The programme's first phase will require an aircraft to fly by late 2008 or early 2009 with NPO Saturn's Item 117S engine,
which also powers Sukhoi's new Su-35-1. A second test phase will start in 2012-13 ahead of the PAK FA production timeframe
from 2015-16.
The latter effort will require the creation of technology demonstrators and their comparative testing over a two- or three-
year period.
Their proposals are based on the further development of the Item 117S design and a further evolution of Salyut's AL-31FM3 now
undergoing bench testing.
The companies will then create full-scale engines adhering to an air force specification that outlines a production design in
the 33,000-37,500lb-thrust (145-165kN) class while retaining the weight and dimensions of the current AL-31F series, with
swivel nozzle and a life of not less than 4,000 flight hours.
2007年8月30号
两家发动机厂竞争第二阶段的俄罗斯空军PAK FA下代战机的需求，确定在6月挑选动力系统。
该项目的第一阶段将需用NPO 土星的117S发动机于2008年晚期或2009年早期试飞。该发动机也装备苏霍伊的新SU-35-1。第二阶段将于2012-
2013年开始，PAK FA 生产时间是2015-2016年。
最近的需要建造技术验证机，他们的比较测试要2到3年。
他们的提案基于117S发展型和AL-31FM3（正在台架试车）的发展型。
该公司将建造全尺寸发动机来支持空军的详细要求，大致生产设计33,000-37,500lb-thrust (145-165kN)级别的发动机，保持现有AL-31的重量
和尺寸，转环喷口，不低于4000小时的飞行时间。
After a decade of disarray, the Russian air force could finally have a credible fighter program
Aviation Week & Space Technology
World News & Analysis; Pg. 23 Vol. 166 No. 16
April 23, 2007
Alexey Komarov; Douglas Barrie
The Russian air force plans to start acceptance trials of its next-generation fighter in 2012, while the government moves to
provide badly needed support for the aircraft's weapons suite.
First flight of the Sukhoi T-50, selected in 2002 to meet the air force's future fighter requirement (known by the Russian
acronym PAK FA), is expected in 2009. PAK FA is a twin-engine fighter in the class of the Su-27 Flanker.
After years of turmoil in its future-fighter planning, the air force suggests it's getting back on track. The service's
deputy chief, Gen. Alexander Zelenin, says development of the fifth-generation fighter is on schedule.
Russia also continues to negotiate a bilateral agreement with India that will allow the latter to participate in the T-50
program. Indian involvement would also provide valuable financial support.
The air force has already approved an "electronic mockup" of the aircraft. Sukhoi, meanwhile, is preparing the manufacturing
documentation for the first prototypes. Along with single-seat baseline aircraft, Sukhoi is considering a naval version, as
well as two-seat and special mission aircraft.
Earlier this month, the government also reviewed its guided-weapons road map. Until recently, Russia's air-to-air missile
plans seemed to have been in abeyance for the better part of a decade because of inadequate funding.
Sukhoi has also agreed on the industrial manufacturing structure for the fighter. The Novosibirsk Aircraft Production
Organization (NAPO) will be responsible for the forward section of the fuselage. The Komsomolsk-on-Amur site will be
responsible for final assembly, along with the manufacture of the remaining main structures.
The T-50 engine program is led by NPO Saturn, although the effort involves most of the country's main engine design
facilities and research institutes. Saturn is developing a scalable turbofan design, with the aim being to produce both
higher efficiency and reliability.
Along with the T-50, Saturn is looking at an engine version to power a single-seat fighter. While it lost out to Sukhoi for
the PAK FA requirement, MiG is continuing to carry out design work on an advanced light fighter. This project also has
supporters within the military as a complement to the larger T-50. Another potential application for a further derated
version of the engine would be for an unmanned combat air vehicle.
Meanwhile, engine research has also suffered from a lack of funding. Industry sources previously suggested that state support
for this area had all but dried up. Fresh funding is now expected to come onstream during the course of this year.
Saturn has been introducing elements of a next-generation engine on the latest version of the AL-31F design for the Flanker.
Dubbed "Article 117S," the engine is intended for the Su-35 fighter. It has a thrust of 14.5 metric tons, about two tons more
than basic Al-31F. The first 117S engines have already passed flight tests and soon will be shipped for installation on the
Su-35 prototype. Industry sources suggest the aircraft will be able to supercruise in some configurations with the improved
engines.
While the Su-35 is being positioned primarily as an export product, Sukhoi is also eager to see the Russian air force adopt
the aircraft. Several of the avionics systems planned for the Su-35 will also be used as the basis of equipment for the T-50.
These include the cockpit layout, software and design of the man-machine interface, weapons control system and sensor
integration, and tactical awareness and warning system.
The government is determined to ensure that weapon programs associated with the fifth-generation fighter receive adequate
support. Earlier this month, the government's Military-Industrial Commission reviewed a draft of its "Program of Airborne
Weapon Development Through 2015" document. This is intended to "consolidate financial, research, design, manufacturing and
organizational resources" to achieve program goals, according to Sergei Ivanov, the head of the commission.
The government aims to spend 60 billion rubles ($2.3 billion) through 2015 on development, manufacturing and support of
airborne weapons. Research and development funding is planned to be increased by 200-250%.
Vympel, now part of Tactical Missile Systems, has had a next-generation dogfight air-to-air missile, the K-30, also known as
the Izdeliye (Article) 300 program, for more than a decade. However, lack of funding has until now hampered development.
Vympel is also working on a midlife update of the R-77 (AA-12 Adder) medium-range radar-guided air-to-air missile. This
project is known as the K-77M. A long-range missile, the Izdeliye 810, is also being designed. All three of these
developments are intended for the PAK FA.
Aviation Week & Space Technology
World News & Analysis; Pg. 23 Vol. 166 No. 16
April 23, 2007
Alexey Komarov; Douglas Barrie
The Russian air force plans to start acceptance trials of its next-generation fighter in 2012, while the government moves to
provide badly needed support for the aircraft's weapons suite.
First flight of the Sukhoi T-50, selected in 2002 to meet the air force's future fighter requirement (known by the Russian
acronym PAK FA), is expected in 2009. PAK FA is a twin-engine fighter in the class of the Su-27 Flanker.
After years of turmoil in its future-fighter planning, the air force suggests it's getting back on track. The service's
deputy chief, Gen. Alexander Zelenin, says development of the fifth-generation fighter is on schedule.
Russia also continues to negotiate a bilateral agreement with India that will allow the latter to participate in the T-50
program. Indian involvement would also provide valuable financial support.
The air force has already approved an "electronic mockup" of the aircraft. Sukhoi, meanwhile, is preparing the manufacturing
documentation for the first prototypes. Along with single-seat baseline aircraft, Sukhoi is considering a naval version, as
well as two-seat and special mission aircraft.
Earlier this month, the government also reviewed its guided-weapons road map. Until recently, Russia's air-to-air missile
plans seemed to have been in abeyance for the better part of a decade because of inadequate funding.
Sukhoi has also agreed on the industrial manufacturing structure for the fighter. The Novosibirsk Aircraft Production
Organization (NAPO) will be responsible for the forward section of the fuselage. The Komsomolsk-on-Amur site will be
responsible for final assembly, along with the manufacture of the remaining main structures.
The T-50 engine program is led by NPO Saturn, although the effort involves most of the country's main engine design
facilities and research institutes. Saturn is developing a scalable turbofan design, with the aim being to produce both
higher efficiency and reliability.
Along with the T-50, Saturn is looking at an engine version to power a single-seat fighter. While it lost out to Sukhoi for
the PAK FA requirement, MiG is continuing to carry out design work on an advanced light fighter. This project also has
supporters within the military as a complement to the larger T-50. Another potential application for a further derated
version of the engine would be for an unmanned combat air vehicle.
Meanwhile, engine research has also suffered from a lack of funding. Industry sources previously suggested that state support
for this area had all but dried up. Fresh funding is now expected to come onstream during the course of this year.
Saturn has been introducing elements of a next-generation engine on the latest version of the AL-31F design for the Flanker.
Dubbed "Article 117S," the engine is intended for the Su-35 fighter. It has a thrust of 14.5 metric tons, about two tons more
than basic Al-31F. The first 117S engines have already passed flight tests and soon will be shipped for installation on the
Su-35 prototype. Industry sources suggest the aircraft will be able to supercruise in some configurations with the improved
engines.
While the Su-35 is being positioned primarily as an export product, Sukhoi is also eager to see the Russian air force adopt
the aircraft. Several of the avionics systems planned for the Su-35 will also be used as the basis of equipment for the T-50.
These include the cockpit layout, software and design of the man-machine interface, weapons control system and sensor
integration, and tactical awareness and warning system.
The government is determined to ensure that weapon programs associated with the fifth-generation fighter receive adequate
support. Earlier this month, the government's Military-Industrial Commission reviewed a draft of its "Program of Airborne
Weapon Development Through 2015" document. This is intended to "consolidate financial, research, design, manufacturing and
organizational resources" to achieve program goals, according to Sergei Ivanov, the head of the commission.
The government aims to spend 60 billion rubles ($2.3 billion) through 2015 on development, manufacturing and support of
airborne weapons. Research and development funding is planned to be increased by 200-250%.
Vympel, now part of Tactical Missile Systems, has had a next-generation dogfight air-to-air missile, the K-30, also known as
the Izdeliye (Article) 300 program, for more than a decade. However, lack of funding has until now hampered development.
Vympel is also working on a midlife update of the R-77 (AA-12 Adder) medium-range radar-guided air-to-air missile. This
project is known as the K-77M. A long-range missile, the Izdeliye 810, is also being designed. All three of these
developments are intended for the PAK FA.
"The ( Russian ) air force is looking for effective upgrade solutions for its in-service aircraft. This engine provides it, and can breathe new life into the Su-27," says Victor Chepkin, Saturn scientific director.
The AL-41F was designed for supercruise, thrust vectoring and post-stall angles of attack. The family also includes high-thrust aircraft engines and industrial gas turbines.
Development began in 1986, and first examples of the engine were flown on testbed aircraft in the late 1980s. Flight tests resumed in February 2000 on the RSK MiG 1.44 technology demonstrator.
"We have done all the tests on this engine as a thrust-maker. Further work should be connected with an airframe, as the philosophy of the fifth-generation fighters calls for control of the engine and thrust-vectoring system as part of an integrated flight control system," says Chepkin.
The AL-41 meets an 11:1 thrust-to-weight ratio design target, compared with the 8.3:1 for the AL-31.Work is in progress to increase the figure to 12-12.5:1.
The AL-41F was designed for supercruise, thrust vectoring and post-stall angles of attack. The family also includes high-thrust aircraft engines and industrial gas turbines.
Development began in 1986, and first examples of the engine were flown on testbed aircraft in the late 1980s. Flight tests resumed in February 2000 on the RSK MiG 1.44 technology demonstrator.
"We have done all the tests on this engine as a thrust-maker. Further work should be connected with an airframe, as the philosophy of the fifth-generation fighters calls for control of the engine and thrust-vectoring system as part of an integrated flight control system," says Chepkin.
The AL-41 meets an 11:1 thrust-to-weight ratio design target, compared with the 8.3:1 for the AL-31.Work is in progress to increase the figure to 12-12.5:1.
[:a3:]
广告:伊 拉 克 风云群: 43692675 27461062
上面两帖终于实现了纯表情和广告帖的世纪聚首，可歌可泣，果然验证了那句老话
————列兵凶猛 [:a16:]
————列兵凶猛 [:a16:]
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应该很大的说,我也在跨...
哈哈。
我怎么有种预感
世界就没个国家能搞的出像f22这样的jj了呢
我怎么有种预感
世界就没个国家能搞的出像f22这样的jj了呢
我也来看看。。。。
原帖由 湿湿的裤裆 于 2007-12-16 13:41 发表
哈哈。
我怎么有种预感
世界就没个国家能搞的出像f22这样的jj了呢
希望你的预感是不正确的:L