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Army Secretariat
The Office of the Secretary of the Army (OSA) is composed of the Secretary; the Under Secretary with two Deputies; five Assistant Secretaries; the General Counsel; the Administrative Assistant; the Director of Information Systems for Command Control, Communications and Computers; The Inspector General, The Auditor General; the Chief of Legislative Liaison; the Chief of Public Affairs; and the Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; and such staff as may be required. These elements are referred to as the "Army Secretariat."

The Secretary of the Army (SA) is responsible for the conduct of all affairs of the Department of the Army subject to laws and other acts of Congress and to the direction, authority, and control of the President and of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, in addition to other duties prescribed by law, is the principal Professional military assistant and advisor to the SA and is authorized by him to supervise the members and organizations of the Army.

Department of Defense (DOD)
World War II and its aftermath furnished the impetus for unification of the Military Departments under a single cabinet-level secretary. Anticipating the needs of a peacetime military organization, an in-depth review by congressional, executive, and mili tary groups began even before the end of the war. The studies were influenced by Service interests that reflected the opinions of experienced wartime military and civilian leaders with vastly different views of the postwar future. Issues that dominated the search for a consensus included retention of air power in the Navy, maintenance of a separate Marine Corps, and the form and responsibilities of the new Department of the Air Force.

The National Security Act of 1947 was monumental legislation. After almost 50 years that included overseas wartime experience beginning with the Spanish-American War, a modern military organization came into existence. Unification of the Services und er a single department was law and the powers of the Secretary of National Defense were identified but subject to broad interpretation. The roles and missions of the military Services were defined by Executive Order but would not be statutorily defined u ntil 1958. The act created the NME under the leadership of a civilian secretary and created secretaries for the new Departments of the Army, Navy, and A ir Force.

In 1949, the National Security Act was amended to change the name of the NME to the Department of Defense and to recognize it as an executive department. Further, it changed the role of the Services to Military Departments within DOD. The DOD Reorgani zation Act of 1958 strengthened the Secretary of Defense's direction, authority, and control over the department and clarified the operational chain of command from the President and Secretary of Defense to the combatant commanders.

The role of the Secretary of Defense has changed since the position was established in 1947. Originally, the Secretary had only general authority over the NME, an authority shared with the civilian secretaries of the Military Departments. In 1949, h is position was strengthened with his appointment as head of an executive department, reduction of the role of Military Department heads, and his assumption of budgeting responsibilities. Today, he is the principal assistant to the President for all matt ers relating to the Department of Defense. He has nearly plenary authority, direction, and control of the entire department. Moreover, the Goldwater-Nichols DOD Reorganization Act of 1986 makes clear his position in the operational chain of command.

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Military Departments
The Military Departments (Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, Department of the Air Force) are organized separately under civilian secretaries who are responsible for and have authority to conduct the affairs committed to their departments. T he service secretaries are not in the operational chain of command.

The Military Departments have been significantly altered by legislation and Executive Order since the National Security Act of 1947. The Key West Agreement of March 1948 clarified the roles of the Military Departments and amplified their responsibili ties. In 1953, the President and the Secretary of Defense agreed to designate a Military Department to function as "executive agent" for the unified commands. The Reorganization Act of 1958 removed the Military Departments from the operational chain of command and clarified their support and administrative responsibilities for the unified commands.

以下供参考

陆军部长办公室(陆军部长*)　　
-陆军副部长*　　　
-陆军副部长帮办，主管外事*　　　
-陆军副部长帮办，主管战研*　　
-陆军部长行政助理*　　
-陆军审计官*　　
-公关处*　　
-立法联络处*　　
-弱小企业援助处*　
-陆军助理部长，主管采购、后勤、科技*　　
-陆军助理部长，主管公建*　　
-陆军助理部长，主管财务*(兼陆军财政官)　　
-陆军助理部长，主管设施、环境*　　
-陆军助理部长，主管人力、预备役事务*　　
-陆军首席信息官(中将级，兼陆军网络技术司令部司令)，主管C4I信息系统(G6)　

陆军参谋长办公室(陆军参谋长(上将级))　　
-陆军副参谋长(上将级)　　
-陆军次参谋长(中将级)，主管人事(G1)　　
-陆军次参谋长(中将级)，主管情报(G2)　　
-陆军次参谋长(中将级)，主管作战、策划(G3)　　
-陆军次参谋长(中将级)，主管勤务(G4)　　
-陆军次参谋长(中将级)，主管物资、项目(G8)　　
-陆军助理参谋长(少将级)，主管设施　　
-国民卫队局陆军局长(中将级)　　
-陆军军法长(少将级)　　
-陆军军医长(中将级，兼陆军医务司令部司令)　　
-陆军预备队司令(中将级)　　
-陆军牧师长(少将级)　　
-陆军工程兵司令(中将级)　　
-陆军士官长

美国陆军部和陆军参谋部组成陆军部总部，陆军总部实施联署办公制。美军实行双重指挥系统，即平时行政管理指挥与战时作战控制指挥明确的确定。陆军参谋长接受陆军部长领导，陆军部长接受国防部长领导。

1958年&国防部重组法加强了国防部长的权威，在此之前，国防部长并不在美军的指挥链内，而是总统直接向军种部长发布命令，再由军种部长转达至相应的联合作战司令部或专一作战司令部。1958年后，军种部长丧失了战时指挥权，只负责对部队实施行政管理。1986年国防部重组法则更直接规定了美军的指挥链，国家统帅当局-各联合司令部-联合司令部下的作战部队。

很好，谢谢!
看来的确是Department of the Army,不再是Department of War了....