超级军网[分享]108影响人类的重要战争（14）
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/29 08:46:59
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">二、中古战争</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ancient Wars<p></p></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></font></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">哥特人以暴力夺得了意大利，却不把他交还，他们发誓要把火与剑带到意大利去，重建罗马昔日的光辉。</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></font><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">重建罗马帝国的梦想</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 37.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">拜占廷入侵东哥特</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">罗马帝国在全盛时代的疆域，北至不列颠，南至埃及，西到西班牙，东至波斯。整个地中海成为了帝国的内湖。公元前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">476</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，西罗马帝国灭亡后，东罗马依然在统治着东方。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">527</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，雄才大略的查士丁尼成为东罗马皇帝。这时帝国的版图已四分五裂，西罗马原来的统治地区，已被蛮族所瓜分。高卢被法兰克人占领，北非和西班牙则分别被汪达尔人与西哥特人所占据，意大利则沦入东哥特人之手。查士丁尼立志恢复罗马帝国全盛时代的疆域，夺回被蛮族占据的领土。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">然而，查士丁尼皇帝刚刚继位，国内就爆发了“尼卡”起义，完全靠了大将贝利萨留刚毅果断的行动才镇压了起义，保住了王位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">贝利萨留是拜占廷最杰出的统帅。查士丁尼继位时，拜占廷与东方劲敌波斯对峙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年仍不分胜负。公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">553</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，查士丁尼派贝利萨留指挥对波斯的战争，不久就赢得了胜利。随后，贝利萨留出征北非的汪达尔王国，揭开了长达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年的西部征服战争的序幕。在查士丁尼看来，这场战争是收回</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">罗马对北非统治权的行动。其群臣大都激烈反对，但是查士丁尼还是授予贝利萨留指挥北非战事的全权。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">贝利萨留麾下只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">16000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人，其中只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">骑兵，双方激战于突尼斯城，汪达尔人先占上风，可因为汪达尔王盖利麦克为兄弟战死悲痛不已，放弃了对部队的指挥，汪达尔人一时大乱，贝利萨留趁机收集散兵，反攻得胜。不久东罗马又在迦太基城附近击败前来反攻的汪达尔人。盖利麦克只身逃往努米底亚，投靠柏柏人，后来在困境绝望中要求东罗马人送给他一把七弦琴，以弹奏亡国之恨。他投降贝利萨留之后，汪达尔王国灭亡。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">之扫清了外围之后，查士丁尼决心出兵罗马帝国的发祥地——意大利。在过去将近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年时间，意大利处于东哥特的统治之下。因此，驱逐东哥特人不仅是对昔日罗马辉煌的向往，而且也是恢复罗马版图发关键。查士丁尼志在必得，再次任命贝利萨留担任远征军统帅，率师出征。为解除帝国的后顾之忧，查士丁尼不惜花费重金与波斯签订了一项为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年的休战和约。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">535</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，贝利萨留踏上征程，但所率兵力只有区区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7500</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人。他决定率军先攻取西西里为根据地，然后于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">536</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年率军渡过墨西拿海峡，攻击沿海重镇那不勒斯。这里城垣陡峭坚固，易守难攻，而且东哥特守军储存了大量的粮食，凭险据守。贝利萨留强攻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">多天仍未见攻克。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">然而贝利萨留不亏为一代名将，不能强攻，便尝试智取。他广布眼线，终于发现了一条因干涸而弃置不用的高架供水道，便派</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">400</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">名士兵趁夜色从这条水道爬进城中，为城外部队打开城门，里应外合，顺利地攻陷了这座设防坚固的城市。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">那不勒斯被攻克之后，使东哥特人惊恐万状。他们废黜了无能的国王提奥达特，立军事贵族维提却斯为王。此人凶悍善战、指挥有方，但他强迫罗马城居民宣誓效忠东哥特，并将一大批罗马元老作为人质押解到拉问纳，激化了罗马人的矛盾，致使东哥特人陷入孤军奋战的窘境。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">536</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年贝利萨留进军罗马，罗马教皇和居民献城投降。罗马城在被蛮族占领</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年后又由贝利萨留夺回。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">二、中古战争</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ancient Wars<p></p></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></font></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">哥特人以暴力夺得了意大利，却不把他交还，他们发誓要把火与剑带到意大利去，重建罗马昔日的光辉。</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></font><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">重建罗马帝国的梦想</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 37.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">拜占廷入侵东哥特</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">罗马帝国在全盛时代的疆域，北至不列颠，南至埃及，西到西班牙，东至波斯。整个地中海成为了帝国的内湖。公元前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">476</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，西罗马帝国灭亡后，东罗马依然在统治着东方。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">527</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，雄才大略的查士丁尼成为东罗马皇帝。这时帝国的版图已四分五裂，西罗马原来的统治地区，已被蛮族所瓜分。高卢被法兰克人占领，北非和西班牙则分别被汪达尔人与西哥特人所占据，意大利则沦入东哥特人之手。查士丁尼立志恢复罗马帝国全盛时代的疆域，夺回被蛮族占据的领土。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">然而，查士丁尼皇帝刚刚继位，国内就爆发了“尼卡”起义，完全靠了大将贝利萨留刚毅果断的行动才镇压了起义，保住了王位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">贝利萨留是拜占廷最杰出的统帅。查士丁尼继位时，拜占廷与东方劲敌波斯对峙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年仍不分胜负。公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">553</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，查士丁尼派贝利萨留指挥对波斯的战争，不久就赢得了胜利。随后，贝利萨留出征北非的汪达尔王国，揭开了长达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年的西部征服战争的序幕。在查士丁尼看来，这场战争是收回</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">罗马对北非统治权的行动。其群臣大都激烈反对，但是查士丁尼还是授予贝利萨留指挥北非战事的全权。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">贝利萨留麾下只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">16000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人，其中只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">骑兵，双方激战于突尼斯城，汪达尔人先占上风，可因为汪达尔王盖利麦克为兄弟战死悲痛不已，放弃了对部队的指挥，汪达尔人一时大乱，贝利萨留趁机收集散兵，反攻得胜。不久东罗马又在迦太基城附近击败前来反攻的汪达尔人。盖利麦克只身逃往努米底亚，投靠柏柏人，后来在困境绝望中要求东罗马人送给他一把七弦琴，以弹奏亡国之恨。他投降贝利萨留之后，汪达尔王国灭亡。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">之扫清了外围之后，查士丁尼决心出兵罗马帝国的发祥地——意大利。在过去将近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年时间，意大利处于东哥特的统治之下。因此，驱逐东哥特人不仅是对昔日罗马辉煌的向往，而且也是恢复罗马版图发关键。查士丁尼志在必得，再次任命贝利萨留担任远征军统帅，率师出征。为解除帝国的后顾之忧，查士丁尼不惜花费重金与波斯签订了一项为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年的休战和约。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">535</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，贝利萨留踏上征程，但所率兵力只有区区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7500</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人。他决定率军先攻取西西里为根据地，然后于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">536</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年率军渡过墨西拿海峡，攻击沿海重镇那不勒斯。这里城垣陡峭坚固，易守难攻，而且东哥特守军储存了大量的粮食，凭险据守。贝利萨留强攻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">多天仍未见攻克。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">然而贝利萨留不亏为一代名将，不能强攻，便尝试智取。他广布眼线，终于发现了一条因干涸而弃置不用的高架供水道，便派</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">400</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">名士兵趁夜色从这条水道爬进城中，为城外部队打开城门，里应外合，顺利地攻陷了这座设防坚固的城市。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">那不勒斯被攻克之后，使东哥特人惊恐万状。他们废黜了无能的国王提奥达特，立军事贵族维提却斯为王。此人凶悍善战、指挥有方，但他强迫罗马城居民宣誓效忠东哥特，并将一大批罗马元老作为人质押解到拉问纳，激化了罗马人的矛盾，致使东哥特人陷入孤军奋战的窘境。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">536</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年贝利萨留进军罗马，罗马教皇和居民献城投降。罗马城在被蛮族占领</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年后又由贝利萨留夺回。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<p></p></font></span></p>
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">罗马对北非统治权的行动。其群臣大都激烈反对，但是查士丁尼还是授予贝利萨留指挥北非战事的全权。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">贝利萨留麾下只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">16000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人，其中只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">骑兵，双方激战于突尼斯城，汪达尔人先占上风，可因为汪达尔王盖利麦克为兄弟战死悲痛不已，放弃了对部队的指挥，汪达尔人一时大乱，贝利萨留趁机收集散兵，反攻得胜。不久东罗马又在迦太基城附近击败前来反攻的汪达尔人。盖利麦克只身逃往努米底亚，投靠柏柏人，后来在困境绝望中要求东罗马人送给他一把七弦琴，以弹奏亡国之恨。他投降贝利萨留之后，汪达尔王国灭亡。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">之扫清了外围之后，查士丁尼决心出兵罗马帝国的发祥地——意大利。在过去将近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年时间，意大利处于东哥特的统治之下。因此，驱逐东哥特人不仅是对昔日罗马辉煌的向往，而且也是恢复罗马版图发关键。查士丁尼志在必得，再次任命贝利萨留担任远征军统帅，率师出征。为解除帝国的后顾之忧，查士丁尼不惜花费重金与波斯签订了一项为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年的休战和约。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">535</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，贝利萨留踏上征程，但所率兵力只有区区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7500</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人。他决定率军先攻取西西里为根据地，然后于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">536</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年率军渡过墨西拿海峡，攻击沿海重镇那不勒斯。这里城垣陡峭坚固，易守难攻，而且东哥特守军储存了大量的粮食，凭险据守。贝利萨留强攻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">多天仍未见攻克。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">然而贝利萨留不亏为一代名将，不能强攻，便尝试智取。他广布眼线，终于发现了一条因干涸而弃置不用的高架供水道，便派</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">400</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">名士兵趁夜色从这条水道爬进城中，为城外部队打开城门，里应外合，顺利地攻陷了这座设防坚固的城市。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">那不勒斯被攻克之后，使东哥特人惊恐万状。他们废黜了无能的国王提奥达特，立军事贵族维提却斯为王。此人凶悍善战、指挥有方，但他强迫罗马城居民宣誓效忠东哥特，并将一大批罗马元老作为人质押解到拉问纳，激化了罗马人的矛盾，致使东哥特人陷入孤军奋战的窘境。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">536</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年贝利萨留进军罗马，罗马教皇和居民献城投降。罗马城在被蛮族占领</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年后又由贝利萨留夺回。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">二、中古战争</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ancient Wars<p></p></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></font></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></i><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">哥特人以暴力夺得了意大利，却不把他交还，他们发誓要把火与剑带到意大利去，重建罗马昔日的光辉。</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></font><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">重建罗马帝国的梦想</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 37.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">拜占廷入侵东哥特</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">罗马帝国在全盛时代的疆域，北至不列颠，南至埃及，西到西班牙，东至波斯。整个地中海成为了帝国的内湖。公元前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">476</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，西罗马帝国灭亡后，东罗马依然在统治着东方。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">527</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，雄才大略的查士丁尼成为东罗马皇帝。这时帝国的版图已四分五裂，西罗马原来的统治地区，已被蛮族所瓜分。高卢被法兰克人占领，北非和西班牙则分别被汪达尔人与西哥特人所占据，意大利则沦入东哥特人之手。查士丁尼立志恢复罗马帝国全盛时代的疆域，夺回被蛮族占据的领土。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">然而，查士丁尼皇帝刚刚继位，国内就爆发了“尼卡”起义，完全靠了大将贝利萨留刚毅果断的行动才镇压了起义，保住了王位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">贝利萨留是拜占廷最杰出的统帅。查士丁尼继位时，拜占廷与东方劲敌波斯对峙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年仍不分胜负。公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">553</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，查士丁尼派贝利萨留指挥对波斯的战争，不久就赢得了胜利。随后，贝利萨留出征北非的汪达尔王国，揭开了长达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年的西部征服战争的序幕。在查士丁尼看来，这场战争是收回</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">罗马对北非统治权的行动。其群臣大都激烈反对，但是查士丁尼还是授予贝利萨留指挥北非战事的全权。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">贝利萨留麾下只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">16000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人，其中只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">骑兵，双方激战于突尼斯城，汪达尔人先占上风，可因为汪达尔王盖利麦克为兄弟战死悲痛不已，放弃了对部队的指挥，汪达尔人一时大乱，贝利萨留趁机收集散兵，反攻得胜。不久东罗马又在迦太基城附近击败前来反攻的汪达尔人。盖利麦克只身逃往努米底亚，投靠柏柏人，后来在困境绝望中要求东罗马人送给他一把七弦琴，以弹奏亡国之恨。他投降贝利萨留之后，汪达尔王国灭亡。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">之扫清了外围之后，查士丁尼决心出兵罗马帝国的发祥地——意大利。在过去将近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年时间，意大利处于东哥特的统治之下。因此，驱逐东哥特人不仅是对昔日罗马辉煌的向往，而且也是恢复罗马版图发关键。查士丁尼志在必得，再次任命贝利萨留担任远征军统帅，率师出征。为解除帝国的后顾之忧，查士丁尼不惜花费重金与波斯签订了一项为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年的休战和约。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">535</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，贝利萨留踏上征程，但所率兵力只有区区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7500</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人。他决定率军先攻取西西里为根据地，然后于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">536</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年率军渡过墨西拿海峡，攻击沿海重镇那不勒斯。这里城垣陡峭坚固，易守难攻，而且东哥特守军储存了大量的粮食，凭险据守。贝利萨留强攻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">多天仍未见攻克。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">然而贝利萨留不亏为一代名将，不能强攻，便尝试智取。他广布眼线，终于发现了一条因干涸而弃置不用的高架供水道，便派</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">400</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">名士兵趁夜色从这条水道爬进城中，为城外部队打开城门，里应外合，顺利地攻陷了这座设防坚固的城市。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">那不勒斯被攻克之后，使东哥特人惊恐万状。他们废黜了无能的国王提奥达特，立军事贵族维提却斯为王。此人凶悍善战、指挥有方，但他强迫罗马城居民宣誓效忠东哥特，并将一大批罗马元老作为人质押解到拉问纳，激化了罗马人的矛盾，致使东哥特人陷入孤军奋战的窘境。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">536</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年贝利萨留进军罗马，罗马教皇和居民献城投降。罗马城在被蛮族占领</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年后又由贝利萨留夺回。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
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[此贴子已经被作者于2006-6-8 20:17:55编辑过]
感谢分享，手受教了