[超大科普]地面压制火炮试验 (文字节选)

来源:百度文库 编辑:超级军网 时间:2024/04/29 07:14:45
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong> 地面火力压制火炮试验</strong></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">由于影响火炮工作性能的因素很复杂,因此完全采用理论计算的方法不可能得到全面满足战术技术要求的产品,故需要配合试验进行,以检验火炮的实际工作状态和性能指标。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">试验是鉴定火炮性能、改进结构、研究设计计算方法和取得设计数据等的主要方法。在整个设计、试制和生产过程中,为了保证火炮的质量,往往要经过多次试验。对于新研制的火炮,由设计到定型,一般需要进行弹道炮试验,样品炮试验,国家定型试验和部队试验。对于定型火炮在正常生产中亦需进行小型试验、大型试验和牵引试验。本节只简要介绍新研制火炮需要进行的试验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一、弹道炮试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">弹道炮试验的目的是:检验内弹道性能、选择药形和装药条件、测定并取得初速、膛压(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">p-l</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">曲线)、装药量等数据,为设计身管及火炮其它零部件、弹丸、引信和药筒等提供可靠的数据。试验通常在草图设计时进行。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">试验的一般步骤是:先根据理论计算的结果选择一个合理的弹道方案,以此方案所确定的炮膛结构参数和装药条件作为初始数据进行试验,试验结果如不能满足要求,可调整装药量和装药条件继续试验,最后确定满足战术技术指标要求的弹道方案。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为了加快设计进程并节省经费,用作弹道炮试验的火炮,常利用现有在强度和后坐长等方面能满足要求的炮架,配以作弹道试验用的炮身。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">二、样品炮试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此项试验是在全炮试制完成后对整个火炮性能进行的一次较全面的试验。通过试验,不但能核实弹道性能,而且能在各种条件下进行强度、刚度试验,动作可靠性试验,操作方便性试验等,从而发现设计和制造中存在的问题,以便进一步改进。改动较多的火炮,改进后须再经过试验,直到发现的问题基本解决为止。试验内容与设计定型试验的内容基本相同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">样品炮试验成功后,即可投入小批试制。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三、小批试制试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">它是鉴定在样品炮试验后,经过改进的火炮的性能和生产中的质量问题,为以后的批生产打下基础。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">四、部队试验、试用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">设计定型部队试验和生产定型部队试用是军工产品定型工作的组成部分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">设计定型部队试验,主要考核产品的设计是否符合批准的战术性能指标和使用要求,为产品能否设计定型提出报告。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生产定型部队试用,主要考核小批生产产品的性能是否稳定,是否达到设计定型时的要求,遗留问题是否解决,为产品能否生产定型提出报告。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">试验和试用的内容和方法见《科研产品部队试验、试用计划》。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">五、定型试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">定型试验分为两种:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、设计定型试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此项试验是以考核产品性能是否达到批准的战术技术指标为目的所进和垢靶场试验。试验在国家靶场进行。其基本任务是:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)确定火炮是否符合战术技术指标要求;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)验证和评定火炮的结构、强度和使用诸元;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)根据试验结果全面评定火炮,并向上级领导机关提出能否设计定型或需进一步试验的建议;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)向研制单位提出火炮结构方面需要改进的建议。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、生产定型试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">该试验是考核按设计定型的图纸试生产产品的性能是否符合原设计定型的要求所进行的靶场试验。试验一般在生产单位组织进行,必要时亦可在国家靶场进行。其基本任务是:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)从批生产火炮中挑选</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">门性能为中、下等水平的合格产品作为试验对象;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)确定火炮是否符合生产图纸、技术条件和战术技术指标的要求;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)根据试验结果全面评定火炮性能,并向上级领导机关提出能否生产定型或需要进一步试验的建议;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)向生产单位提出进一步改进火炮结构、提高生产质量的建议。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">新研制火炮的定型试验是属于综合性试验,即除了检查火炮的性能外,同时还要检查弹丸、装药、引信、药筒以及配套仪器等的基本性能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-3-14 20:01:25编辑过]
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong> 地面火力压制火炮试验</strong></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">由于影响火炮工作性能的因素很复杂,因此完全采用理论计算的方法不可能得到全面满足战术技术要求的产品,故需要配合试验进行,以检验火炮的实际工作状态和性能指标。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">试验是鉴定火炮性能、改进结构、研究设计计算方法和取得设计数据等的主要方法。在整个设计、试制和生产过程中,为了保证火炮的质量,往往要经过多次试验。对于新研制的火炮,由设计到定型,一般需要进行弹道炮试验,样品炮试验,国家定型试验和部队试验。对于定型火炮在正常生产中亦需进行小型试验、大型试验和牵引试验。本节只简要介绍新研制火炮需要进行的试验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一、弹道炮试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">弹道炮试验的目的是:检验内弹道性能、选择药形和装药条件、测定并取得初速、膛压(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">p-l</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">曲线)、装药量等数据,为设计身管及火炮其它零部件、弹丸、引信和药筒等提供可靠的数据。试验通常在草图设计时进行。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">试验的一般步骤是:先根据理论计算的结果选择一个合理的弹道方案,以此方案所确定的炮膛结构参数和装药条件作为初始数据进行试验,试验结果如不能满足要求,可调整装药量和装药条件继续试验,最后确定满足战术技术指标要求的弹道方案。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为了加快设计进程并节省经费,用作弹道炮试验的火炮,常利用现有在强度和后坐长等方面能满足要求的炮架,配以作弹道试验用的炮身。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">二、样品炮试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此项试验是在全炮试制完成后对整个火炮性能进行的一次较全面的试验。通过试验,不但能核实弹道性能,而且能在各种条件下进行强度、刚度试验,动作可靠性试验,操作方便性试验等,从而发现设计和制造中存在的问题,以便进一步改进。改动较多的火炮,改进后须再经过试验,直到发现的问题基本解决为止。试验内容与设计定型试验的内容基本相同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">样品炮试验成功后,即可投入小批试制。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三、小批试制试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">它是鉴定在样品炮试验后,经过改进的火炮的性能和生产中的质量问题,为以后的批生产打下基础。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">四、部队试验、试用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">设计定型部队试验和生产定型部队试用是军工产品定型工作的组成部分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">设计定型部队试验,主要考核产品的设计是否符合批准的战术性能指标和使用要求,为产品能否设计定型提出报告。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生产定型部队试用,主要考核小批生产产品的性能是否稳定,是否达到设计定型时的要求,遗留问题是否解决,为产品能否生产定型提出报告。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">试验和试用的内容和方法见《科研产品部队试验、试用计划》。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">五、定型试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">定型试验分为两种:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、设计定型试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此项试验是以考核产品性能是否达到批准的战术技术指标为目的所进和垢靶场试验。试验在国家靶场进行。其基本任务是:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)确定火炮是否符合战术技术指标要求;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)验证和评定火炮的结构、强度和使用诸元;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)根据试验结果全面评定火炮,并向上级领导机关提出能否设计定型或需进一步试验的建议;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)向研制单位提出火炮结构方面需要改进的建议。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、生产定型试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">该试验是考核按设计定型的图纸试生产产品的性能是否符合原设计定型的要求所进行的靶场试验。试验一般在生产单位组织进行,必要时亦可在国家靶场进行。其基本任务是:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)从批生产火炮中挑选</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">门性能为中、下等水平的合格产品作为试验对象;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)确定火炮是否符合生产图纸、技术条件和战术技术指标的要求;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)根据试验结果全面评定火炮性能,并向上级领导机关提出能否生产定型或需要进一步试验的建议;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)向生产单位提出进一步改进火炮结构、提高生产质量的建议。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">新研制火炮的定型试验是属于综合性试验,即除了检查火炮的性能外,同时还要检查弹丸、装药、引信、药筒以及配套仪器等的基本性能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p><br/>&nbsp;</p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-3-14 20:01:25编辑过]
收下。程序一目了然。