超级军网路透社：越南精锐部队308师突然进入紧急战备状态,亮剑南 ...
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/05/03 11:27:57
Insight - Vietnam builds military muscle to face China
XUAN MAI, VIETNAM | BY GREG TORODE
Vietnam's military is steeling itself for conflict with China as it accelerates a decade-long modernisation drive, Hanoi's biggest arms buildup since the height of the Vietnam War.
The ruling Communist Party's goal is to deter its giant northern neighbour as tensions rise over the disputed South China Sea, and if that fails, to be able to defend itself on all fronts, senior officers and people close to them told Reuters.
Vietnam's strategy has moved beyond contingency planning. Key units have been placed on "high combat readiness" - an alert posture to fend off a sudden attack - including its elite Division 308, which guards the mountainous north.
The two countries fought a bloody border war in 1979. The likely flashpoint this time is in the South China Sea, where they have rival claims in the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos.
"We don't want to have a conflict with China and we must put faith in our policy of diplomacy," one senior Vietnamese government official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told Reuters. "But we know we must be ready for the worst."
Most significantly, Hanoi is creating a naval deterrent largely from scratch with the purchase of six advanced Kilo-class submarines from Russia.
In recent months, the first of those submarines have started patrolling the South China Sea, Vietnamese and foreign military officials said, the first confirmation the vessels have been in the strategic waterway.
DIVISION 308
Militarily, the tensions are palpable northwest of Hanoi at the headquarters of Division 308, Vietnam's most elite military unit, where senior army officers talk repeatedly about "high combat readiness".
The phrase is on billboards beneath images of missiles and portraits of Vietnam's late revolutionary founder, Ho Chi Minh, and its legendary military hero, General Vo Nguyen Giap.
Perched between Vietnam's craggy northern mountains and the ancient rice paddies of the Red River Delta, 308 is Vietnam's oldest division and still effectively guards the northern approaches to Hanoi.
Reflecting deep-set official sensibilities towards offending Beijing, one senior officer, Colonel Le Van Hai, said he could not talk about China. But Vietnam was ready to repel any foreign force, he told Reuters during a rare visit by a foreign reporter.
"Combat readiness is the top priority of the division, of the Ministry of Defence and the country. We can deal with any sudden or unexpected situation ... We are ready," he said.
"High combat readiness", along with references to the "new situation", increasingly feature in lectures by senior officers during visits to military bases and in publications of the People's Army of Vietnam. The phrases also surface in talks with foreign military delegations, diplomats said.
"When Vietnam refers to the 'new situation', they are using coded language to refer to the rising likelihood of an armed confrontation or clash with China, particularly in the South China Sea," said Carl Thayer, a professor at Australia's Defence Force Academy in Canberra who has studied Vietnam's military since the late 1960s.
RELATED COVERAGE
› Factbox - Inside Vietnam's military modernisation
While ramping up combat readiness, Hanoi's once-reclusive generals are reaching out to a broad range of strategic partners. Russia and India are the main source of advanced weapons, training and intelligence cooperation. Hanoi is also building ties with the United States and its Japanese, Australian and Filipino allies, as well as Europe and Israel.
The outreach covers weapons purchases, ship visits and intelligence sharing but will have its limits. Hanoi shuns formal military alliances under a staunchly independent foreign policy.
Vietnam is seeking more Russian jet fighter-bombers and is in talks with European and U.S. arms manufacturers to buy fighter and maritime patrol planes and unarmed surveillance drones, sources have told Reuters. It has also recently upgraded and expanded air defences, including obtaining early warning surveillance radars from Israel and advanced S-300 surface-to-air missile batteries from Russia.
Indeed, increases in Vietnam's military spending have outstripped its South East Asian neighbours over the last decade, according to estimates by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
"They are not doing this for national day parades ... they are building real military capabilities," said Tim Huxley, a regional security expert at the International Institute of Strategic Studies in Singapore.
Vietnam's foreign ministry said in a statement to Reuters that modernizing the military was standard procedure for all nations.
"The relationship between Vietnam and China is maintaining a positive development trend in all fields, including the defence sector," the statement said.
OIL RIG FLASHPOINT
While communist parties rule both Vietnam and China and share political bonds, the two countries have a history marked by armed conflict and long periods of lingering mistrust.
Fresh academic research has revealed how the Sino-Vietnamese war in 1979 was more intense than is widely known, rumbling on into the mid-1980s. The two sides then clashed at sea in 1988 when China occupied its first holdings in the Spratly archipelago of the South China Sea - a defeat still acutely felt in Hanoi.
China also took full control of another South China Sea island chain, the Paracels, after a naval showdown with then South Vietnam in 1974. Hanoi still protests China's occupation.
More recently, China's placement of an oil rig in disputed waters for 10 weeks in the middle of last year sparked anti-Chinese riots across Vietnam.
The rig's placement on Vietnam's continental shelf 80 nautical miles from its coast was a game-changer, officials in Hanoi privately said, hardening suspicions about Chinese President Xi Jinping among political and military leaders.
Hanoi dispatched dozens of Vietnamese civilian vessels to confront the 70 coastguard and naval warships China sent to protect the oil rig in mid-2014.
"It was a reminder to all of us just how dangerous the South China Sea has become," said one retired U.S. naval officer.
For its part, China's military strategists have long been frustrated at the two dozen military outposts that Hanoi has fortified across the Spratlys since losing the Paracels in 1974, Chinese analysts say. China is building three air strips on man-made islands it is building on reefs in the Spratlys that it took from Vietnamese forces in 1988.
A statement to Reuters from China's Defence Ministry said the two militaries had close, friendly relations and China was willing to work hard with Vietnam for regional peace.
"Both sides have frank exchanges of view on the South China Sea ... both sides should look for a basic, lasting solution both sides can accept," the statement said.
China's historic claim to most of the South China Sea, expressed on maps as a nine-dash line, overlaps the exclusive economic zones of Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Taiwan also has claims in the area.
Some $5 trillion in ship-borne trade passes through the waterway every year, including most of the oil imported by China, Japan and South Korea.
'PSYCHOLOGICAL UNCERTAINTY'
The importance to China of protecting its submarine base on Hainan Island - the projected home of its future nuclear armed submarine fleet - could be another flashpoint. Beijing also has jet fighters and many of its best warships stationed around Hainan Island. This South Sea Fleet is close to Vietnam's northern coast and its vital deep water access channels to the South China Sea and beyond.
Vietnamese generals make clear to foreign visitors they know their limitations. Two decades of double-digit increases in defence budgets have given China a vastly larger and better equipped navy, air force and army.
Foreign military envoys say they struggle to gauge Vietnam's actual capabilities and how well they are integrating complex new weapons. They are given little access beyond Hanoi's gilded staterooms.
Vietnamese military strategists talk of creating a "minimal credible deterrent" – raising the costs of any Chinese move against Vietnam, whether it is a naval confrontation or an attack across the 1,400-km (875-mile) northern land border.
If conflict did break out, Hanoi could target Chinese-flagged merchant container and oil ships in the South China Sea, said Thayer, who said he was told this by Vietnamese strategists.
The aim would be not to defeat China's superior forces but "to inflict sufficient damage and psychological uncertainty to cause Lloyd's insurance rates to skyrocket and for foreign investors to panic", Thayer said in a paper presented to a Singapore conference last month.
(Additional reporting by Ben Blanchard in Beijing and Ho Binh Minh and My Pham in Hanoi.; Editing by Dean Yates and Bill Tarrant.)
机翻：越南军队建设军事力量面对中国
麦轩，越南|格雷戈Torode
越南军方鼓起勇气与中国的冲突也加速了十年之久的现代化进程中，河内最大的军备自越南战争的高度。
执政的共产党的目标是阻止其巨大的北方邻国的紧张局势上升，在有争议的南海，如果失败了，能够保护自己在所有方面，高级官员和人民接近他们告诉路透社。
越南的战略已经超越了应急规划。重点单位已被放置在“高战斗准备”-一个警告的姿态，以抵御突发攻击-包括它的精英部门308，守卫山区的北部。
两国打了一场血腥的边境战争1979。可能的爆发点这段时间是在南中国海，在那里他们的主张在南沙和西沙群岛。
“我们不希望与中国发生冲突，我们必须对我们的外交政策有信心，”一位不愿透露姓名的越南政府官员告诉路透社记者。但我们知道我们必须做好最坏的准备。”
最为显著的是，河内在很大程度上是从俄罗斯购买六艘先进的千级级潜艇从俄罗斯制造的一种海上威慑力量。
最近几个月，第一艘潜艇已开始在南海巡逻，越南和外国军方官员说，第一次确认的船只已在战略航道。
分部308
在军事上，河内西北部的紧张局势正在分裂308，越南最具精英军事单位，高级军官在那里反复谈论“高战斗准备”。这句话是在广告牌下导弹和越南的肖像图像后期革命的创始人，胡志明，其传奇的军事英雄Vo Nguyen Giap将军。
在越南北部山区的崎岖和红河三角洲的古稻田之间，308是越南最古老的划分仍然有效守卫河内北部方法。
深陷情感反映官方对违规的北京，一个高级军官，上校Le Van海，说他不能谈论中国。但他告诉路透社记者，在一次罕见的访问期间，越南准备击退任何外国势力的力量。
“战斗准备是国防部和国家部的首要任务。我们可以处理任何突然或意外的情况…我们准备好了，“他说。
“高战斗准备”，以及对“新形势”的引用，在访问军事基地和在越南人民军队的出版物的高级军官的讲座中越来越多的特点。外交人员表示，在与外国军事代表团的会谈中也有表面的表面。
澳大利亚国防军学院的一位教授塞耶说：“当越南提到“新形势”的时候，他们就用编码的语言来表示武装对抗或与中国发生冲突的可能性，尤其是在南海，“说，”。
相关报道
›资料库-在越南的军事现代化
而加紧战备，河内曾经隐居的将军都达到了广泛的战略合作伙伴。俄罗斯和印度是先进武器的主要来源，训练和情报合作。河内也与美国及日本、澳大利亚和菲律宾的盟友以及欧洲和以色列建立了联系。
宣传包括武器采购，船舶访问和情报共享，但将有它的限制。河内避开正规军事同盟，一个坚定的独立的外交政策。
越南正在寻求更多的俄罗斯喷气式战斗机轰炸机，是在与欧洲和美国的武器制造商购买战斗机和海上巡逻飞机和无武器侦察机的谈判，消息人士告诉路透社。它最近还升级和扩展防空系统，包括获得预警监视雷达从以色列和先进的S-300地空导弹系统来自俄罗斯。
事实上，在越南的军事支出的增加超过了其东南亚邻国在过去的十年中，据斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所（SIPRI）估计。
“他们不在为国庆游行做这件事…他们正在建设真正的军事能力，“赫胥黎提姆，在新加坡国际战略研究所的地区安全专家说。
越南外交部在一份声明中说，对所有国家的现代化军事现代化进程是一个标准程序。
“越南和中国之间的关系是保持一个积极的发展趋势，在所有领域，包括国防部门，”声明说。
石油钻机的引爆点
虽然共产党统治的越南和中国以及两国都有政治关系，但两国有着历史上的武装冲突和长期的不信任。
新的学术研究已经揭示在1979中越战争是更激烈的比是众所周知的，隆隆进入中期，双方随后发生海上冲突1988在中国占领第一集团在南中国海的南沙群岛失败仍然敏锐地感觉到河内。
中国还采取了另一个南中国海的岛屿，完全控制了西沙，与当时的南越海军摊牌后1974。河内仍在抗议中国的占领。
最近，中国在争议水域的石油钻井平台，在去年的10个星期中，引发了越南的反华骚乱事件。
该钻机在越南大陆架上80海里的位置是一个改变游戏规则，河内官员私下里说，中国国家主席习近平在政治和军事领导人之间的怀疑。
河内派出越南民船数十面对70海岸警卫队和海军舰艇中国寄给年年保护石油钻机。
一位退役的美国海军军官说：“这对我们所有人都是一个提醒，中国南海有多危险。
它的一部分，中国的军事战略家一直在几十个军事哨所，河内已经加强了在南沙自1974失去西沙受挫，中国分析家说。中国是人造岛屿是建筑在南沙岛礁，从越南军队建设1988条三空气。
从中国国防部向路透社发表声明说两军友好关系密切，中国愿意与越南地区的和平努力。
“双方都对南海问题进行了坦率的交流…双方应该寻找一个基本的，持久的解决方案双方都可以接受，“声明说。
中国的历史性要求大部分的南海，在地图上表示为一九条虚线，重叠的专属经济区的越南，菲律宾，马来西亚和文莱。台湾在该地区也有索赔。
约5兆美元的船载贸易每年都会通过水路，其中大部分是由中国、日本和韩国进口的石油。
心理不确定性
对海南岛未来的核潜艇舰队预计国内保护其潜艇基地，中国的重要性可能是另一个引爆点。北京也有喷气式战斗机和它的许多最好的军舰驻扎在海南岛。南海舰队靠近越南的北海岸，其重要的深水通道，以南中国海和超越。
越南将军们向外国游客们明确表示他们知道他们的局限。在国防预算的20年的两位数的增长给了中国一个巨大的和更好的装备的海军，空军和军队。
外国军事特使表示，他们很难评估越南的实际能力，以及他们如何整合复杂的新武器。他们有没有超出河内的镀金大厅。
越南军事战略家谈到，创造一个“最小的可信的威慑力量”，提高了中国对越南的行动的成本，无论是一个海军对抗或是攻击1400公里（875英里）的北部边境。
如果冲突爆发了，河内可以瞄准中国籍商船集装箱和石油的船只在南中国海，塞耶说，谁说他是这样告诉我的越南战略家。
其目的是不是为了打败中国的优势的兵力，但“造成足够的伤害和心理的不确定性造成劳埃德的保险费率飙升和外国投资者的恐慌”，塞耶在提交给新加坡会议的最后一个月了。
（额外的报告由本布兰查德在北京和胡志明平明我范在河内。；编辑Dean Yates和账单塔兰特。）
原文链接：http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-vietnam-china-conflict-insight-idUKKBN0U004820151218Insight - Vietnam builds military muscle to face China
XUAN MAI, VIETNAM | BY GREG TORODE
Vietnam's military is steeling itself for conflict with China as it accelerates a decade-long modernisation drive, Hanoi's biggest arms buildup since the height of the Vietnam War.
The ruling Communist Party's goal is to deter its giant northern neighbour as tensions rise over the disputed South China Sea, and if that fails, to be able to defend itself on all fronts, senior officers and people close to them told Reuters.
Vietnam's strategy has moved beyond contingency planning. Key units have been placed on "high combat readiness" - an alert posture to fend off a sudden attack - including its elite Division 308, which guards the mountainous north.
The two countries fought a bloody border war in 1979. The likely flashpoint this time is in the South China Sea, where they have rival claims in the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos.
"We don't want to have a conflict with China and we must put faith in our policy of diplomacy," one senior Vietnamese government official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told Reuters. "But we know we must be ready for the worst."
Most significantly, Hanoi is creating a naval deterrent largely from scratch with the purchase of six advanced Kilo-class submarines from Russia.
In recent months, the first of those submarines have started patrolling the South China Sea, Vietnamese and foreign military officials said, the first confirmation the vessels have been in the strategic waterway.
DIVISION 308
Militarily, the tensions are palpable northwest of Hanoi at the headquarters of Division 308, Vietnam's most elite military unit, where senior army officers talk repeatedly about "high combat readiness".
The phrase is on billboards beneath images of missiles and portraits of Vietnam's late revolutionary founder, Ho Chi Minh, and its legendary military hero, General Vo Nguyen Giap.
Perched between Vietnam's craggy northern mountains and the ancient rice paddies of the Red River Delta, 308 is Vietnam's oldest division and still effectively guards the northern approaches to Hanoi.
Reflecting deep-set official sensibilities towards offending Beijing, one senior officer, Colonel Le Van Hai, said he could not talk about China. But Vietnam was ready to repel any foreign force, he told Reuters during a rare visit by a foreign reporter.
"Combat readiness is the top priority of the division, of the Ministry of Defence and the country. We can deal with any sudden or unexpected situation ... We are ready," he said.
"High combat readiness", along with references to the "new situation", increasingly feature in lectures by senior officers during visits to military bases and in publications of the People's Army of Vietnam. The phrases also surface in talks with foreign military delegations, diplomats said.
"When Vietnam refers to the 'new situation', they are using coded language to refer to the rising likelihood of an armed confrontation or clash with China, particularly in the South China Sea," said Carl Thayer, a professor at Australia's Defence Force Academy in Canberra who has studied Vietnam's military since the late 1960s.
RELATED COVERAGE
› Factbox - Inside Vietnam's military modernisation
While ramping up combat readiness, Hanoi's once-reclusive generals are reaching out to a broad range of strategic partners. Russia and India are the main source of advanced weapons, training and intelligence cooperation. Hanoi is also building ties with the United States and its Japanese, Australian and Filipino allies, as well as Europe and Israel.
The outreach covers weapons purchases, ship visits and intelligence sharing but will have its limits. Hanoi shuns formal military alliances under a staunchly independent foreign policy.
Vietnam is seeking more Russian jet fighter-bombers and is in talks with European and U.S. arms manufacturers to buy fighter and maritime patrol planes and unarmed surveillance drones, sources have told Reuters. It has also recently upgraded and expanded air defences, including obtaining early warning surveillance radars from Israel and advanced S-300 surface-to-air missile batteries from Russia.
Indeed, increases in Vietnam's military spending have outstripped its South East Asian neighbours over the last decade, according to estimates by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
"They are not doing this for national day parades ... they are building real military capabilities," said Tim Huxley, a regional security expert at the International Institute of Strategic Studies in Singapore.
Vietnam's foreign ministry said in a statement to Reuters that modernizing the military was standard procedure for all nations.
"The relationship between Vietnam and China is maintaining a positive development trend in all fields, including the defence sector," the statement said.
OIL RIG FLASHPOINT
While communist parties rule both Vietnam and China and share political bonds, the two countries have a history marked by armed conflict and long periods of lingering mistrust.
Fresh academic research has revealed how the Sino-Vietnamese war in 1979 was more intense than is widely known, rumbling on into the mid-1980s. The two sides then clashed at sea in 1988 when China occupied its first holdings in the Spratly archipelago of the South China Sea - a defeat still acutely felt in Hanoi.
China also took full control of another South China Sea island chain, the Paracels, after a naval showdown with then South Vietnam in 1974. Hanoi still protests China's occupation.
More recently, China's placement of an oil rig in disputed waters for 10 weeks in the middle of last year sparked anti-Chinese riots across Vietnam.
The rig's placement on Vietnam's continental shelf 80 nautical miles from its coast was a game-changer, officials in Hanoi privately said, hardening suspicions about Chinese President Xi Jinping among political and military leaders.
Hanoi dispatched dozens of Vietnamese civilian vessels to confront the 70 coastguard and naval warships China sent to protect the oil rig in mid-2014.
"It was a reminder to all of us just how dangerous the South China Sea has become," said one retired U.S. naval officer.
For its part, China's military strategists have long been frustrated at the two dozen military outposts that Hanoi has fortified across the Spratlys since losing the Paracels in 1974, Chinese analysts say. China is building three air strips on man-made islands it is building on reefs in the Spratlys that it took from Vietnamese forces in 1988.
A statement to Reuters from China's Defence Ministry said the two militaries had close, friendly relations and China was willing to work hard with Vietnam for regional peace.
"Both sides have frank exchanges of view on the South China Sea ... both sides should look for a basic, lasting solution both sides can accept," the statement said.
China's historic claim to most of the South China Sea, expressed on maps as a nine-dash line, overlaps the exclusive economic zones of Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Taiwan also has claims in the area.
Some $5 trillion in ship-borne trade passes through the waterway every year, including most of the oil imported by China, Japan and South Korea.
'PSYCHOLOGICAL UNCERTAINTY'
The importance to China of protecting its submarine base on Hainan Island - the projected home of its future nuclear armed submarine fleet - could be another flashpoint. Beijing also has jet fighters and many of its best warships stationed around Hainan Island. This South Sea Fleet is close to Vietnam's northern coast and its vital deep water access channels to the South China Sea and beyond.
Vietnamese generals make clear to foreign visitors they know their limitations. Two decades of double-digit increases in defence budgets have given China a vastly larger and better equipped navy, air force and army.
Foreign military envoys say they struggle to gauge Vietnam's actual capabilities and how well they are integrating complex new weapons. They are given little access beyond Hanoi's gilded staterooms.
Vietnamese military strategists talk of creating a "minimal credible deterrent" – raising the costs of any Chinese move against Vietnam, whether it is a naval confrontation or an attack across the 1,400-km (875-mile) northern land border.
If conflict did break out, Hanoi could target Chinese-flagged merchant container and oil ships in the South China Sea, said Thayer, who said he was told this by Vietnamese strategists.
The aim would be not to defeat China's superior forces but "to inflict sufficient damage and psychological uncertainty to cause Lloyd's insurance rates to skyrocket and for foreign investors to panic", Thayer said in a paper presented to a Singapore conference last month.
(Additional reporting by Ben Blanchard in Beijing and Ho Binh Minh and My Pham in Hanoi.; Editing by Dean Yates and Bill Tarrant.)
机翻：越南军队建设军事力量面对中国
麦轩，越南|格雷戈Torode
越南军方鼓起勇气与中国的冲突也加速了十年之久的现代化进程中，河内最大的军备自越南战争的高度。
执政的共产党的目标是阻止其巨大的北方邻国的紧张局势上升，在有争议的南海，如果失败了，能够保护自己在所有方面，高级官员和人民接近他们告诉路透社。
越南的战略已经超越了应急规划。重点单位已被放置在“高战斗准备”-一个警告的姿态，以抵御突发攻击-包括它的精英部门308，守卫山区的北部。
两国打了一场血腥的边境战争1979。可能的爆发点这段时间是在南中国海，在那里他们的主张在南沙和西沙群岛。
“我们不希望与中国发生冲突，我们必须对我们的外交政策有信心，”一位不愿透露姓名的越南政府官员告诉路透社记者。但我们知道我们必须做好最坏的准备。”
最为显著的是，河内在很大程度上是从俄罗斯购买六艘先进的千级级潜艇从俄罗斯制造的一种海上威慑力量。
最近几个月，第一艘潜艇已开始在南海巡逻，越南和外国军方官员说，第一次确认的船只已在战略航道。
分部308
在军事上，河内西北部的紧张局势正在分裂308，越南最具精英军事单位，高级军官在那里反复谈论“高战斗准备”。这句话是在广告牌下导弹和越南的肖像图像后期革命的创始人，胡志明，其传奇的军事英雄Vo Nguyen Giap将军。
在越南北部山区的崎岖和红河三角洲的古稻田之间，308是越南最古老的划分仍然有效守卫河内北部方法。
深陷情感反映官方对违规的北京，一个高级军官，上校Le Van海，说他不能谈论中国。但他告诉路透社记者，在一次罕见的访问期间，越南准备击退任何外国势力的力量。
“战斗准备是国防部和国家部的首要任务。我们可以处理任何突然或意外的情况…我们准备好了，“他说。
“高战斗准备”，以及对“新形势”的引用，在访问军事基地和在越南人民军队的出版物的高级军官的讲座中越来越多的特点。外交人员表示，在与外国军事代表团的会谈中也有表面的表面。
澳大利亚国防军学院的一位教授塞耶说：“当越南提到“新形势”的时候，他们就用编码的语言来表示武装对抗或与中国发生冲突的可能性，尤其是在南海，“说，”。
相关报道
›资料库-在越南的军事现代化
而加紧战备，河内曾经隐居的将军都达到了广泛的战略合作伙伴。俄罗斯和印度是先进武器的主要来源，训练和情报合作。河内也与美国及日本、澳大利亚和菲律宾的盟友以及欧洲和以色列建立了联系。
宣传包括武器采购，船舶访问和情报共享，但将有它的限制。河内避开正规军事同盟，一个坚定的独立的外交政策。
越南正在寻求更多的俄罗斯喷气式战斗机轰炸机，是在与欧洲和美国的武器制造商购买战斗机和海上巡逻飞机和无武器侦察机的谈判，消息人士告诉路透社。它最近还升级和扩展防空系统，包括获得预警监视雷达从以色列和先进的S-300地空导弹系统来自俄罗斯。
事实上，在越南的军事支出的增加超过了其东南亚邻国在过去的十年中，据斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所（SIPRI）估计。
“他们不在为国庆游行做这件事…他们正在建设真正的军事能力，“赫胥黎提姆，在新加坡国际战略研究所的地区安全专家说。
越南外交部在一份声明中说，对所有国家的现代化军事现代化进程是一个标准程序。
“越南和中国之间的关系是保持一个积极的发展趋势，在所有领域，包括国防部门，”声明说。
石油钻机的引爆点
虽然共产党统治的越南和中国以及两国都有政治关系，但两国有着历史上的武装冲突和长期的不信任。
新的学术研究已经揭示在1979中越战争是更激烈的比是众所周知的，隆隆进入中期，双方随后发生海上冲突1988在中国占领第一集团在南中国海的南沙群岛失败仍然敏锐地感觉到河内。
中国还采取了另一个南中国海的岛屿，完全控制了西沙，与当时的南越海军摊牌后1974。河内仍在抗议中国的占领。
最近，中国在争议水域的石油钻井平台，在去年的10个星期中，引发了越南的反华骚乱事件。
该钻机在越南大陆架上80海里的位置是一个改变游戏规则，河内官员私下里说，中国国家主席习近平在政治和军事领导人之间的怀疑。
河内派出越南民船数十面对70海岸警卫队和海军舰艇中国寄给年年保护石油钻机。
一位退役的美国海军军官说：“这对我们所有人都是一个提醒，中国南海有多危险。
它的一部分，中国的军事战略家一直在几十个军事哨所，河内已经加强了在南沙自1974失去西沙受挫，中国分析家说。中国是人造岛屿是建筑在南沙岛礁，从越南军队建设1988条三空气。
从中国国防部向路透社发表声明说两军友好关系密切，中国愿意与越南地区的和平努力。
“双方都对南海问题进行了坦率的交流…双方应该寻找一个基本的，持久的解决方案双方都可以接受，“声明说。
中国的历史性要求大部分的南海，在地图上表示为一九条虚线，重叠的专属经济区的越南，菲律宾，马来西亚和文莱。台湾在该地区也有索赔。
约5兆美元的船载贸易每年都会通过水路，其中大部分是由中国、日本和韩国进口的石油。
心理不确定性
对海南岛未来的核潜艇舰队预计国内保护其潜艇基地，中国的重要性可能是另一个引爆点。北京也有喷气式战斗机和它的许多最好的军舰驻扎在海南岛。南海舰队靠近越南的北海岸，其重要的深水通道，以南中国海和超越。
越南将军们向外国游客们明确表示他们知道他们的局限。在国防预算的20年的两位数的增长给了中国一个巨大的和更好的装备的海军，空军和军队。
外国军事特使表示，他们很难评估越南的实际能力，以及他们如何整合复杂的新武器。他们有没有超出河内的镀金大厅。
越南军事战略家谈到，创造一个“最小的可信的威慑力量”，提高了中国对越南的行动的成本，无论是一个海军对抗或是攻击1400公里（875英里）的北部边境。
如果冲突爆发了，河内可以瞄准中国籍商船集装箱和石油的船只在南中国海，塞耶说，谁说他是这样告诉我的越南战略家。
其目的是不是为了打败中国的优势的兵力，但“造成足够的伤害和心理的不确定性造成劳埃德的保险费率飙升和外国投资者的恐慌”，塞耶在提交给新加坡会议的最后一个月了。
（额外的报告由本布兰查德在北京和胡志明平明我范在河内。；编辑Dean Yates和账单塔兰特。）
原文链接：http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-vietnam-china-conflict-insight-idUKKBN0U004820151218
XUAN MAI, VIETNAM | BY GREG TORODE
Vietnam's military is steeling itself for conflict with China as it accelerates a decade-long modernisation drive, Hanoi's biggest arms buildup since the height of the Vietnam War.
The ruling Communist Party's goal is to deter its giant northern neighbour as tensions rise over the disputed South China Sea, and if that fails, to be able to defend itself on all fronts, senior officers and people close to them told Reuters.
Vietnam's strategy has moved beyond contingency planning. Key units have been placed on "high combat readiness" - an alert posture to fend off a sudden attack - including its elite Division 308, which guards the mountainous north.
The two countries fought a bloody border war in 1979. The likely flashpoint this time is in the South China Sea, where they have rival claims in the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos.
"We don't want to have a conflict with China and we must put faith in our policy of diplomacy," one senior Vietnamese government official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told Reuters. "But we know we must be ready for the worst."
Most significantly, Hanoi is creating a naval deterrent largely from scratch with the purchase of six advanced Kilo-class submarines from Russia.
In recent months, the first of those submarines have started patrolling the South China Sea, Vietnamese and foreign military officials said, the first confirmation the vessels have been in the strategic waterway.
DIVISION 308
Militarily, the tensions are palpable northwest of Hanoi at the headquarters of Division 308, Vietnam's most elite military unit, where senior army officers talk repeatedly about "high combat readiness".
The phrase is on billboards beneath images of missiles and portraits of Vietnam's late revolutionary founder, Ho Chi Minh, and its legendary military hero, General Vo Nguyen Giap.
Perched between Vietnam's craggy northern mountains and the ancient rice paddies of the Red River Delta, 308 is Vietnam's oldest division and still effectively guards the northern approaches to Hanoi.
Reflecting deep-set official sensibilities towards offending Beijing, one senior officer, Colonel Le Van Hai, said he could not talk about China. But Vietnam was ready to repel any foreign force, he told Reuters during a rare visit by a foreign reporter.
"Combat readiness is the top priority of the division, of the Ministry of Defence and the country. We can deal with any sudden or unexpected situation ... We are ready," he said.
"High combat readiness", along with references to the "new situation", increasingly feature in lectures by senior officers during visits to military bases and in publications of the People's Army of Vietnam. The phrases also surface in talks with foreign military delegations, diplomats said.
"When Vietnam refers to the 'new situation', they are using coded language to refer to the rising likelihood of an armed confrontation or clash with China, particularly in the South China Sea," said Carl Thayer, a professor at Australia's Defence Force Academy in Canberra who has studied Vietnam's military since the late 1960s.
RELATED COVERAGE
› Factbox - Inside Vietnam's military modernisation
While ramping up combat readiness, Hanoi's once-reclusive generals are reaching out to a broad range of strategic partners. Russia and India are the main source of advanced weapons, training and intelligence cooperation. Hanoi is also building ties with the United States and its Japanese, Australian and Filipino allies, as well as Europe and Israel.
The outreach covers weapons purchases, ship visits and intelligence sharing but will have its limits. Hanoi shuns formal military alliances under a staunchly independent foreign policy.
Vietnam is seeking more Russian jet fighter-bombers and is in talks with European and U.S. arms manufacturers to buy fighter and maritime patrol planes and unarmed surveillance drones, sources have told Reuters. It has also recently upgraded and expanded air defences, including obtaining early warning surveillance radars from Israel and advanced S-300 surface-to-air missile batteries from Russia.
Indeed, increases in Vietnam's military spending have outstripped its South East Asian neighbours over the last decade, according to estimates by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
"They are not doing this for national day parades ... they are building real military capabilities," said Tim Huxley, a regional security expert at the International Institute of Strategic Studies in Singapore.
Vietnam's foreign ministry said in a statement to Reuters that modernizing the military was standard procedure for all nations.
"The relationship between Vietnam and China is maintaining a positive development trend in all fields, including the defence sector," the statement said.
OIL RIG FLASHPOINT
While communist parties rule both Vietnam and China and share political bonds, the two countries have a history marked by armed conflict and long periods of lingering mistrust.
Fresh academic research has revealed how the Sino-Vietnamese war in 1979 was more intense than is widely known, rumbling on into the mid-1980s. The two sides then clashed at sea in 1988 when China occupied its first holdings in the Spratly archipelago of the South China Sea - a defeat still acutely felt in Hanoi.
China also took full control of another South China Sea island chain, the Paracels, after a naval showdown with then South Vietnam in 1974. Hanoi still protests China's occupation.
More recently, China's placement of an oil rig in disputed waters for 10 weeks in the middle of last year sparked anti-Chinese riots across Vietnam.
The rig's placement on Vietnam's continental shelf 80 nautical miles from its coast was a game-changer, officials in Hanoi privately said, hardening suspicions about Chinese President Xi Jinping among political and military leaders.
Hanoi dispatched dozens of Vietnamese civilian vessels to confront the 70 coastguard and naval warships China sent to protect the oil rig in mid-2014.
"It was a reminder to all of us just how dangerous the South China Sea has become," said one retired U.S. naval officer.
For its part, China's military strategists have long been frustrated at the two dozen military outposts that Hanoi has fortified across the Spratlys since losing the Paracels in 1974, Chinese analysts say. China is building three air strips on man-made islands it is building on reefs in the Spratlys that it took from Vietnamese forces in 1988.
A statement to Reuters from China's Defence Ministry said the two militaries had close, friendly relations and China was willing to work hard with Vietnam for regional peace.
"Both sides have frank exchanges of view on the South China Sea ... both sides should look for a basic, lasting solution both sides can accept," the statement said.
China's historic claim to most of the South China Sea, expressed on maps as a nine-dash line, overlaps the exclusive economic zones of Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Taiwan also has claims in the area.
Some $5 trillion in ship-borne trade passes through the waterway every year, including most of the oil imported by China, Japan and South Korea.
'PSYCHOLOGICAL UNCERTAINTY'
The importance to China of protecting its submarine base on Hainan Island - the projected home of its future nuclear armed submarine fleet - could be another flashpoint. Beijing also has jet fighters and many of its best warships stationed around Hainan Island. This South Sea Fleet is close to Vietnam's northern coast and its vital deep water access channels to the South China Sea and beyond.
Vietnamese generals make clear to foreign visitors they know their limitations. Two decades of double-digit increases in defence budgets have given China a vastly larger and better equipped navy, air force and army.
Foreign military envoys say they struggle to gauge Vietnam's actual capabilities and how well they are integrating complex new weapons. They are given little access beyond Hanoi's gilded staterooms.
Vietnamese military strategists talk of creating a "minimal credible deterrent" – raising the costs of any Chinese move against Vietnam, whether it is a naval confrontation or an attack across the 1,400-km (875-mile) northern land border.
If conflict did break out, Hanoi could target Chinese-flagged merchant container and oil ships in the South China Sea, said Thayer, who said he was told this by Vietnamese strategists.
The aim would be not to defeat China's superior forces but "to inflict sufficient damage and psychological uncertainty to cause Lloyd's insurance rates to skyrocket and for foreign investors to panic", Thayer said in a paper presented to a Singapore conference last month.
(Additional reporting by Ben Blanchard in Beijing and Ho Binh Minh and My Pham in Hanoi.; Editing by Dean Yates and Bill Tarrant.)
机翻：越南军队建设军事力量面对中国
麦轩，越南|格雷戈Torode
越南军方鼓起勇气与中国的冲突也加速了十年之久的现代化进程中，河内最大的军备自越南战争的高度。
执政的共产党的目标是阻止其巨大的北方邻国的紧张局势上升，在有争议的南海，如果失败了，能够保护自己在所有方面，高级官员和人民接近他们告诉路透社。
越南的战略已经超越了应急规划。重点单位已被放置在“高战斗准备”-一个警告的姿态，以抵御突发攻击-包括它的精英部门308，守卫山区的北部。
两国打了一场血腥的边境战争1979。可能的爆发点这段时间是在南中国海，在那里他们的主张在南沙和西沙群岛。
“我们不希望与中国发生冲突，我们必须对我们的外交政策有信心，”一位不愿透露姓名的越南政府官员告诉路透社记者。但我们知道我们必须做好最坏的准备。”
最为显著的是，河内在很大程度上是从俄罗斯购买六艘先进的千级级潜艇从俄罗斯制造的一种海上威慑力量。
最近几个月，第一艘潜艇已开始在南海巡逻，越南和外国军方官员说，第一次确认的船只已在战略航道。
分部308
在军事上，河内西北部的紧张局势正在分裂308，越南最具精英军事单位，高级军官在那里反复谈论“高战斗准备”。这句话是在广告牌下导弹和越南的肖像图像后期革命的创始人，胡志明，其传奇的军事英雄Vo Nguyen Giap将军。
在越南北部山区的崎岖和红河三角洲的古稻田之间，308是越南最古老的划分仍然有效守卫河内北部方法。
深陷情感反映官方对违规的北京，一个高级军官，上校Le Van海，说他不能谈论中国。但他告诉路透社记者，在一次罕见的访问期间，越南准备击退任何外国势力的力量。
“战斗准备是国防部和国家部的首要任务。我们可以处理任何突然或意外的情况…我们准备好了，“他说。
“高战斗准备”，以及对“新形势”的引用，在访问军事基地和在越南人民军队的出版物的高级军官的讲座中越来越多的特点。外交人员表示，在与外国军事代表团的会谈中也有表面的表面。
澳大利亚国防军学院的一位教授塞耶说：“当越南提到“新形势”的时候，他们就用编码的语言来表示武装对抗或与中国发生冲突的可能性，尤其是在南海，“说，”。
相关报道
›资料库-在越南的军事现代化
而加紧战备，河内曾经隐居的将军都达到了广泛的战略合作伙伴。俄罗斯和印度是先进武器的主要来源，训练和情报合作。河内也与美国及日本、澳大利亚和菲律宾的盟友以及欧洲和以色列建立了联系。
宣传包括武器采购，船舶访问和情报共享，但将有它的限制。河内避开正规军事同盟，一个坚定的独立的外交政策。
越南正在寻求更多的俄罗斯喷气式战斗机轰炸机，是在与欧洲和美国的武器制造商购买战斗机和海上巡逻飞机和无武器侦察机的谈判，消息人士告诉路透社。它最近还升级和扩展防空系统，包括获得预警监视雷达从以色列和先进的S-300地空导弹系统来自俄罗斯。
事实上，在越南的军事支出的增加超过了其东南亚邻国在过去的十年中，据斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所（SIPRI）估计。
“他们不在为国庆游行做这件事…他们正在建设真正的军事能力，“赫胥黎提姆，在新加坡国际战略研究所的地区安全专家说。
越南外交部在一份声明中说，对所有国家的现代化军事现代化进程是一个标准程序。
“越南和中国之间的关系是保持一个积极的发展趋势，在所有领域，包括国防部门，”声明说。
石油钻机的引爆点
虽然共产党统治的越南和中国以及两国都有政治关系，但两国有着历史上的武装冲突和长期的不信任。
新的学术研究已经揭示在1979中越战争是更激烈的比是众所周知的，隆隆进入中期，双方随后发生海上冲突1988在中国占领第一集团在南中国海的南沙群岛失败仍然敏锐地感觉到河内。
中国还采取了另一个南中国海的岛屿，完全控制了西沙，与当时的南越海军摊牌后1974。河内仍在抗议中国的占领。
最近，中国在争议水域的石油钻井平台，在去年的10个星期中，引发了越南的反华骚乱事件。
该钻机在越南大陆架上80海里的位置是一个改变游戏规则，河内官员私下里说，中国国家主席习近平在政治和军事领导人之间的怀疑。
河内派出越南民船数十面对70海岸警卫队和海军舰艇中国寄给年年保护石油钻机。
一位退役的美国海军军官说：“这对我们所有人都是一个提醒，中国南海有多危险。
它的一部分，中国的军事战略家一直在几十个军事哨所，河内已经加强了在南沙自1974失去西沙受挫，中国分析家说。中国是人造岛屿是建筑在南沙岛礁，从越南军队建设1988条三空气。
从中国国防部向路透社发表声明说两军友好关系密切，中国愿意与越南地区的和平努力。
“双方都对南海问题进行了坦率的交流…双方应该寻找一个基本的，持久的解决方案双方都可以接受，“声明说。
中国的历史性要求大部分的南海，在地图上表示为一九条虚线，重叠的专属经济区的越南，菲律宾，马来西亚和文莱。台湾在该地区也有索赔。
约5兆美元的船载贸易每年都会通过水路，其中大部分是由中国、日本和韩国进口的石油。
心理不确定性
对海南岛未来的核潜艇舰队预计国内保护其潜艇基地，中国的重要性可能是另一个引爆点。北京也有喷气式战斗机和它的许多最好的军舰驻扎在海南岛。南海舰队靠近越南的北海岸，其重要的深水通道，以南中国海和超越。
越南将军们向外国游客们明确表示他们知道他们的局限。在国防预算的20年的两位数的增长给了中国一个巨大的和更好的装备的海军，空军和军队。
外国军事特使表示，他们很难评估越南的实际能力，以及他们如何整合复杂的新武器。他们有没有超出河内的镀金大厅。
越南军事战略家谈到，创造一个“最小的可信的威慑力量”，提高了中国对越南的行动的成本，无论是一个海军对抗或是攻击1400公里（875英里）的北部边境。
如果冲突爆发了，河内可以瞄准中国籍商船集装箱和石油的船只在南中国海，塞耶说，谁说他是这样告诉我的越南战略家。
其目的是不是为了打败中国的优势的兵力，但“造成足够的伤害和心理的不确定性造成劳埃德的保险费率飙升和外国投资者的恐慌”，塞耶在提交给新加坡会议的最后一个月了。
（额外的报告由本布兰查德在北京和胡志明平明我范在河内。；编辑Dean Yates和账单塔兰特。）
原文链接：http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-vietnam-china-conflict-insight-idUKKBN0U004820151218Insight - Vietnam builds military muscle to face China
XUAN MAI, VIETNAM | BY GREG TORODE
Vietnam's military is steeling itself for conflict with China as it accelerates a decade-long modernisation drive, Hanoi's biggest arms buildup since the height of the Vietnam War.
The ruling Communist Party's goal is to deter its giant northern neighbour as tensions rise over the disputed South China Sea, and if that fails, to be able to defend itself on all fronts, senior officers and people close to them told Reuters.
Vietnam's strategy has moved beyond contingency planning. Key units have been placed on "high combat readiness" - an alert posture to fend off a sudden attack - including its elite Division 308, which guards the mountainous north.
The two countries fought a bloody border war in 1979. The likely flashpoint this time is in the South China Sea, where they have rival claims in the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos.
"We don't want to have a conflict with China and we must put faith in our policy of diplomacy," one senior Vietnamese government official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told Reuters. "But we know we must be ready for the worst."
Most significantly, Hanoi is creating a naval deterrent largely from scratch with the purchase of six advanced Kilo-class submarines from Russia.
In recent months, the first of those submarines have started patrolling the South China Sea, Vietnamese and foreign military officials said, the first confirmation the vessels have been in the strategic waterway.
DIVISION 308
Militarily, the tensions are palpable northwest of Hanoi at the headquarters of Division 308, Vietnam's most elite military unit, where senior army officers talk repeatedly about "high combat readiness".
The phrase is on billboards beneath images of missiles and portraits of Vietnam's late revolutionary founder, Ho Chi Minh, and its legendary military hero, General Vo Nguyen Giap.
Perched between Vietnam's craggy northern mountains and the ancient rice paddies of the Red River Delta, 308 is Vietnam's oldest division and still effectively guards the northern approaches to Hanoi.
Reflecting deep-set official sensibilities towards offending Beijing, one senior officer, Colonel Le Van Hai, said he could not talk about China. But Vietnam was ready to repel any foreign force, he told Reuters during a rare visit by a foreign reporter.
"Combat readiness is the top priority of the division, of the Ministry of Defence and the country. We can deal with any sudden or unexpected situation ... We are ready," he said.
"High combat readiness", along with references to the "new situation", increasingly feature in lectures by senior officers during visits to military bases and in publications of the People's Army of Vietnam. The phrases also surface in talks with foreign military delegations, diplomats said.
"When Vietnam refers to the 'new situation', they are using coded language to refer to the rising likelihood of an armed confrontation or clash with China, particularly in the South China Sea," said Carl Thayer, a professor at Australia's Defence Force Academy in Canberra who has studied Vietnam's military since the late 1960s.
RELATED COVERAGE
› Factbox - Inside Vietnam's military modernisation
While ramping up combat readiness, Hanoi's once-reclusive generals are reaching out to a broad range of strategic partners. Russia and India are the main source of advanced weapons, training and intelligence cooperation. Hanoi is also building ties with the United States and its Japanese, Australian and Filipino allies, as well as Europe and Israel.
The outreach covers weapons purchases, ship visits and intelligence sharing but will have its limits. Hanoi shuns formal military alliances under a staunchly independent foreign policy.
Vietnam is seeking more Russian jet fighter-bombers and is in talks with European and U.S. arms manufacturers to buy fighter and maritime patrol planes and unarmed surveillance drones, sources have told Reuters. It has also recently upgraded and expanded air defences, including obtaining early warning surveillance radars from Israel and advanced S-300 surface-to-air missile batteries from Russia.
Indeed, increases in Vietnam's military spending have outstripped its South East Asian neighbours over the last decade, according to estimates by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
"They are not doing this for national day parades ... they are building real military capabilities," said Tim Huxley, a regional security expert at the International Institute of Strategic Studies in Singapore.
Vietnam's foreign ministry said in a statement to Reuters that modernizing the military was standard procedure for all nations.
"The relationship between Vietnam and China is maintaining a positive development trend in all fields, including the defence sector," the statement said.
OIL RIG FLASHPOINT
While communist parties rule both Vietnam and China and share political bonds, the two countries have a history marked by armed conflict and long periods of lingering mistrust.
Fresh academic research has revealed how the Sino-Vietnamese war in 1979 was more intense than is widely known, rumbling on into the mid-1980s. The two sides then clashed at sea in 1988 when China occupied its first holdings in the Spratly archipelago of the South China Sea - a defeat still acutely felt in Hanoi.
China also took full control of another South China Sea island chain, the Paracels, after a naval showdown with then South Vietnam in 1974. Hanoi still protests China's occupation.
More recently, China's placement of an oil rig in disputed waters for 10 weeks in the middle of last year sparked anti-Chinese riots across Vietnam.
The rig's placement on Vietnam's continental shelf 80 nautical miles from its coast was a game-changer, officials in Hanoi privately said, hardening suspicions about Chinese President Xi Jinping among political and military leaders.
Hanoi dispatched dozens of Vietnamese civilian vessels to confront the 70 coastguard and naval warships China sent to protect the oil rig in mid-2014.
"It was a reminder to all of us just how dangerous the South China Sea has become," said one retired U.S. naval officer.
For its part, China's military strategists have long been frustrated at the two dozen military outposts that Hanoi has fortified across the Spratlys since losing the Paracels in 1974, Chinese analysts say. China is building three air strips on man-made islands it is building on reefs in the Spratlys that it took from Vietnamese forces in 1988.
A statement to Reuters from China's Defence Ministry said the two militaries had close, friendly relations and China was willing to work hard with Vietnam for regional peace.
"Both sides have frank exchanges of view on the South China Sea ... both sides should look for a basic, lasting solution both sides can accept," the statement said.
China's historic claim to most of the South China Sea, expressed on maps as a nine-dash line, overlaps the exclusive economic zones of Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Taiwan also has claims in the area.
Some $5 trillion in ship-borne trade passes through the waterway every year, including most of the oil imported by China, Japan and South Korea.
'PSYCHOLOGICAL UNCERTAINTY'
The importance to China of protecting its submarine base on Hainan Island - the projected home of its future nuclear armed submarine fleet - could be another flashpoint. Beijing also has jet fighters and many of its best warships stationed around Hainan Island. This South Sea Fleet is close to Vietnam's northern coast and its vital deep water access channels to the South China Sea and beyond.
Vietnamese generals make clear to foreign visitors they know their limitations. Two decades of double-digit increases in defence budgets have given China a vastly larger and better equipped navy, air force and army.
Foreign military envoys say they struggle to gauge Vietnam's actual capabilities and how well they are integrating complex new weapons. They are given little access beyond Hanoi's gilded staterooms.
Vietnamese military strategists talk of creating a "minimal credible deterrent" – raising the costs of any Chinese move against Vietnam, whether it is a naval confrontation or an attack across the 1,400-km (875-mile) northern land border.
If conflict did break out, Hanoi could target Chinese-flagged merchant container and oil ships in the South China Sea, said Thayer, who said he was told this by Vietnamese strategists.
The aim would be not to defeat China's superior forces but "to inflict sufficient damage and psychological uncertainty to cause Lloyd's insurance rates to skyrocket and for foreign investors to panic", Thayer said in a paper presented to a Singapore conference last month.
(Additional reporting by Ben Blanchard in Beijing and Ho Binh Minh and My Pham in Hanoi.; Editing by Dean Yates and Bill Tarrant.)
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机翻：越南军队建设军事力量面对中国
麦轩，越南|格雷戈Torode
越南军方鼓起勇气与中国的冲突也加速了十年之久的现代化进程中，河内最大的军备自越南战争的高度。
执政的共产党的目标是阻止其巨大的北方邻国的紧张局势上升，在有争议的南海，如果失败了，能够保护自己在所有方面，高级官员和人民接近他们告诉路透社。
越南的战略已经超越了应急规划。重点单位已被放置在“高战斗准备”-一个警告的姿态，以抵御突发攻击-包括它的精英部门308，守卫山区的北部。
两国打了一场血腥的边境战争1979。可能的爆发点这段时间是在南中国海，在那里他们的主张在南沙和西沙群岛。
“我们不希望与中国发生冲突，我们必须对我们的外交政策有信心，”一位不愿透露姓名的越南政府官员告诉路透社记者。但我们知道我们必须做好最坏的准备。”
最为显著的是，河内在很大程度上是从俄罗斯购买六艘先进的千级级潜艇从俄罗斯制造的一种海上威慑力量。
最近几个月，第一艘潜艇已开始在南海巡逻，越南和外国军方官员说，第一次确认的船只已在战略航道。
分部308
在军事上，河内西北部的紧张局势正在分裂308，越南最具精英军事单位，高级军官在那里反复谈论“高战斗准备”。这句话是在广告牌下导弹和越南的肖像图像后期革命的创始人，胡志明，其传奇的军事英雄Vo Nguyen Giap将军。
在越南北部山区的崎岖和红河三角洲的古稻田之间，308是越南最古老的划分仍然有效守卫河内北部方法。
深陷情感反映官方对违规的北京，一个高级军官，上校Le Van海，说他不能谈论中国。但他告诉路透社记者，在一次罕见的访问期间，越南准备击退任何外国势力的力量。
“战斗准备是国防部和国家部的首要任务。我们可以处理任何突然或意外的情况…我们准备好了，“他说。
“高战斗准备”，以及对“新形势”的引用，在访问军事基地和在越南人民军队的出版物的高级军官的讲座中越来越多的特点。外交人员表示，在与外国军事代表团的会谈中也有表面的表面。
澳大利亚国防军学院的一位教授塞耶说：“当越南提到“新形势”的时候，他们就用编码的语言来表示武装对抗或与中国发生冲突的可能性，尤其是在南海，“说，”。
相关报道
›资料库-在越南的军事现代化
而加紧战备，河内曾经隐居的将军都达到了广泛的战略合作伙伴。俄罗斯和印度是先进武器的主要来源，训练和情报合作。河内也与美国及日本、澳大利亚和菲律宾的盟友以及欧洲和以色列建立了联系。
宣传包括武器采购，船舶访问和情报共享，但将有它的限制。河内避开正规军事同盟，一个坚定的独立的外交政策。
越南正在寻求更多的俄罗斯喷气式战斗机轰炸机，是在与欧洲和美国的武器制造商购买战斗机和海上巡逻飞机和无武器侦察机的谈判，消息人士告诉路透社。它最近还升级和扩展防空系统，包括获得预警监视雷达从以色列和先进的S-300地空导弹系统来自俄罗斯。
事实上，在越南的军事支出的增加超过了其东南亚邻国在过去的十年中，据斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所（SIPRI）估计。
“他们不在为国庆游行做这件事…他们正在建设真正的军事能力，“赫胥黎提姆，在新加坡国际战略研究所的地区安全专家说。
越南外交部在一份声明中说，对所有国家的现代化军事现代化进程是一个标准程序。
“越南和中国之间的关系是保持一个积极的发展趋势，在所有领域，包括国防部门，”声明说。
石油钻机的引爆点
虽然共产党统治的越南和中国以及两国都有政治关系，但两国有着历史上的武装冲突和长期的不信任。
新的学术研究已经揭示在1979中越战争是更激烈的比是众所周知的，隆隆进入中期，双方随后发生海上冲突1988在中国占领第一集团在南中国海的南沙群岛失败仍然敏锐地感觉到河内。
中国还采取了另一个南中国海的岛屿，完全控制了西沙，与当时的南越海军摊牌后1974。河内仍在抗议中国的占领。
最近，中国在争议水域的石油钻井平台，在去年的10个星期中，引发了越南的反华骚乱事件。
该钻机在越南大陆架上80海里的位置是一个改变游戏规则，河内官员私下里说，中国国家主席习近平在政治和军事领导人之间的怀疑。
河内派出越南民船数十面对70海岸警卫队和海军舰艇中国寄给年年保护石油钻机。
一位退役的美国海军军官说：“这对我们所有人都是一个提醒，中国南海有多危险。
它的一部分，中国的军事战略家一直在几十个军事哨所，河内已经加强了在南沙自1974失去西沙受挫，中国分析家说。中国是人造岛屿是建筑在南沙岛礁，从越南军队建设1988条三空气。
从中国国防部向路透社发表声明说两军友好关系密切，中国愿意与越南地区的和平努力。
“双方都对南海问题进行了坦率的交流…双方应该寻找一个基本的，持久的解决方案双方都可以接受，“声明说。
中国的历史性要求大部分的南海，在地图上表示为一九条虚线，重叠的专属经济区的越南，菲律宾，马来西亚和文莱。台湾在该地区也有索赔。
约5兆美元的船载贸易每年都会通过水路，其中大部分是由中国、日本和韩国进口的石油。
心理不确定性
对海南岛未来的核潜艇舰队预计国内保护其潜艇基地，中国的重要性可能是另一个引爆点。北京也有喷气式战斗机和它的许多最好的军舰驻扎在海南岛。南海舰队靠近越南的北海岸，其重要的深水通道，以南中国海和超越。
越南将军们向外国游客们明确表示他们知道他们的局限。在国防预算的20年的两位数的增长给了中国一个巨大的和更好的装备的海军，空军和军队。
外国军事特使表示，他们很难评估越南的实际能力，以及他们如何整合复杂的新武器。他们有没有超出河内的镀金大厅。
越南军事战略家谈到，创造一个“最小的可信的威慑力量”，提高了中国对越南的行动的成本，无论是一个海军对抗或是攻击1400公里（875英里）的北部边境。
如果冲突爆发了，河内可以瞄准中国籍商船集装箱和石油的船只在南中国海，塞耶说，谁说他是这样告诉我的越南战略家。
其目的是不是为了打败中国的优势的兵力，但“造成足够的伤害和心理的不确定性造成劳埃德的保险费率飙升和外国投资者的恐慌”，塞耶在提交给新加坡会议的最后一个月了。
（额外的报告由本布兰查德在北京和胡志明平明我范在河内。；编辑Dean Yates和账单塔兰特。）
原文链接：http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-vietnam-china-conflict-insight-idUKKBN0U004820151218
如果越猴敢攻击南海中国船只，手来手断，脚来脚断！
陆军进入紧急战备状态,亮剑南海
美国都'加息了，中国怎么还不乱，太叫人捉急了。
外媒用一篇文章就可以挑拨是非的伎俩现在还管用吗
三楼说出真像了
2015-12-19 22:40 上传
越共内部四大势力要摊牌?
clm221 发表于 2015-12-19 22:36
陆军进入紧急战备状态,亮剑南海
消息不知道真假，但是如果真海上打，就肯定需要陆地战备防止中国爆菊啊。
陆军进入紧急战备状态,亮剑南海
消息不知道真假，但是如果真海上打，就肯定需要陆地战备防止中国爆菊啊。
真叫人为难啊。打吧，中了美利坚资本家的圈套，被割羊毛。不打吧，被怂还是小事，就怕叙利亚毛哥支撑不住。当家的也不容易。
英媒：越南大规模军备扩充为“震慑中国”
2015-12-18 01:49:00环球时报 黄和悦
【环球时报综合报道】“越南加强军事肌肉应对中国”，英国路透社16日的一篇报道被多国媒体转载。报道称，因中越在南海领土问题上的纠纷，越南正加快持续10年的军队现代化建设以对付中国，并称这是越南自越战最高峰以来进行的最大规模军备扩充。广东国际战略研究院周边战略研究中心主任周方银17日对《环球时报》记者表示，任何国家的军购行为都可以从多方面解读。路透社的报道有挑拨嫌疑，暴露了西方媒体的一贯心态，即周边国家稍有风吹草动就往中国联想。
路透社的报道称，“从越政府高官和接近高层的人士处获悉，越南扩充军备是为了‘震慑’中国。即使无法如愿，也要全方位保护自己”。报道援引一名不具名的越南高官的话称，“我们不想与中国发生冲突，也必须对自己的外交政策有信心，但我们知道得为最坏的情况做准备”。
路透社称，越南的战略“并非应急计划”，其关键部队(包括驻守北方的精锐308师)已进入应对突然袭击的“高度战备”预警状态。报道称，越南购买了六艘先进的俄制“基洛”级潜艇，首批几艘已开始在南海巡逻。越南还计划购买更多俄制喷气式轰炸机，且正与欧盟和美国的武器商谈判购买战机和海上巡航机，并购买了以色列预警雷达和俄制S-300防空导弹以升级和加强防空。路透社还称，从澳大利亚学者处获得的消息称，面对更强大的中国海陆空军，若冲突爆发，越南将选择南海的中国商船及油轮作为打击目标，目的不是为了打败中国军队，而是造成“足够的破坏和心理不确定性，令外国投资者恐慌”。
据《环球时报》记者多年在越南的了解，越南扩充军备的动作一直就有，其中一个重要意图是提振民众对政府的信心。面对强大的邻国，越南国内确实存在“中国威胁论”。越南媒体对越南采购武器装备，包括采购俄罗斯潜艇，以及加强海上巡逻有持续报道，也有对南海问题的炒作。但由西方媒体做出这样的报道，是往越南身上放上探照灯，有夸大嫌疑。
【环球时报驻越南特约记者 黄和悦 环球时报记者 杜海川 徐珍珍】
http://world.huanqiu.com/exclusive/2015-12/8203421.html
英媒：越南大规模军备扩充为“震慑中国”
2015-12-18 01:49:00环球时报 黄和悦
【环球时报综合报道】“越南加强军事肌肉应对中国”，英国路透社16日的一篇报道被多国媒体转载。报道称，因中越在南海领土问题上的纠纷，越南正加快持续10年的军队现代化建设以对付中国，并称这是越南自越战最高峰以来进行的最大规模军备扩充。广东国际战略研究院周边战略研究中心主任周方银17日对《环球时报》记者表示，任何国家的军购行为都可以从多方面解读。路透社的报道有挑拨嫌疑，暴露了西方媒体的一贯心态，即周边国家稍有风吹草动就往中国联想。
路透社的报道称，“从越政府高官和接近高层的人士处获悉，越南扩充军备是为了‘震慑’中国。即使无法如愿，也要全方位保护自己”。报道援引一名不具名的越南高官的话称，“我们不想与中国发生冲突，也必须对自己的外交政策有信心，但我们知道得为最坏的情况做准备”。
路透社称，越南的战略“并非应急计划”，其关键部队(包括驻守北方的精锐308师)已进入应对突然袭击的“高度战备”预警状态。报道称，越南购买了六艘先进的俄制“基洛”级潜艇，首批几艘已开始在南海巡逻。越南还计划购买更多俄制喷气式轰炸机，且正与欧盟和美国的武器商谈判购买战机和海上巡航机，并购买了以色列预警雷达和俄制S-300防空导弹以升级和加强防空。路透社还称，从澳大利亚学者处获得的消息称，面对更强大的中国海陆空军，若冲突爆发，越南将选择南海的中国商船及油轮作为打击目标，目的不是为了打败中国军队，而是造成“足够的破坏和心理不确定性，令外国投资者恐慌”。
据《环球时报》记者多年在越南的了解，越南扩充军备的动作一直就有，其中一个重要意图是提振民众对政府的信心。面对强大的邻国，越南国内确实存在“中国威胁论”。越南媒体对越南采购武器装备，包括采购俄罗斯潜艇，以及加强海上巡逻有持续报道，也有对南海问题的炒作。但由西方媒体做出这样的报道，是往越南身上放上探照灯，有夸大嫌疑。
【环球时报驻越南特约记者 黄和悦 环球时报记者 杜海川 徐珍珍】
http://world.huanqiu.com/exclusive/2015-12/8203421.html
不管真假，必须要有所防备，小规模冲突不能吃亏，要不然很被动，升级不是，不升级也不是......
越猴想学土鸡?但TG不是大毛，TG分分钟可把猴子变成桌上名菜猴子脑。
北方陆军进入战备状态反而更有突袭南海的可能性，越南内部不稳定？要转移矛盾？怎么敢这么2的事情，开第一枪咱们正好一起全拿回来。
越南内部政治势力斗争激烈，为了转移视线。
鳖味很重，只不过更加土。。。
颜色革命，废掉越共，并非坏事!
no zuo no die why u try？作大死也不是这个搞法
美国都'加息了，中国怎么还不乱，太叫人捉急了。
美国捉急，有些中国人也急。
美国捉急，有些中国人也急。
这么好的机会，不打就sb了
qqqxin007 发表于 2015-12-19 22:39
美国都'加息了，中国怎么还不乱，太叫人捉急了。
股市还暴涨，踏空，太叫人捉急了
美国都'加息了，中国怎么还不乱，太叫人捉急了。
股市还暴涨，踏空，太叫人捉急了
如果越猴敢攻击南海中国船只，手来手断，脚来脚断！
这还不够，既然来挑衅，就要断其命根。
这还不够，既然来挑衅，就要断其命根。
ivlost 发表于 2015-12-19 22:44
真叫人为难啊。打吧，中了美利坚资本家的圈套，被割羊毛。不打吧，被怂还是小事，就怕叙利亚毛哥支撑不住。 ...
还能比上半年和去年还难？
越南可是中国的徒弟
别指望他像中东或是乌克兰那帮货色
现在说白了已经不是站队的问题
而是降低其站队前争取最大利益的问题
真叫人为难啊。打吧，中了美利坚资本家的圈套，被割羊毛。不打吧，被怂还是小事，就怕叙利亚毛哥支撑不住。 ...
还能比上半年和去年还难？
越南可是中国的徒弟
别指望他像中东或是乌克兰那帮货色
现在说白了已经不是站队的问题
而是降低其站队前争取最大利益的问题
clm221 发表于 2015-12-19 22:36
陆军进入紧急战备状态,亮剑南海
难道越308师是越南的陆军海战队？
陆军进入紧急战备状态,亮剑南海
难道越308师是越南的陆军海战队？
越南人是真正的愚蠢，
一旦越南真正投入美国怀抱。
越南的结果必然是被分割成南北两个国家。
而且这南越北越两个国家必然会成为新版的老挝一样的贫穷落后的国家，
而且越南原来的南海岛屿也会被美国支持的菲律宾全部夺去。
===========
原因很简单：
统一而强大的越南是中南半岛的噩梦，
美国必然会分割越南，让越南成为小国弱国。
一旦越南真正投入美国怀抱。
越南的结果必然是被分割成南北两个国家。
而且这南越北越两个国家必然会成为新版的老挝一样的贫穷落后的国家，
而且越南原来的南海岛屿也会被美国支持的菲律宾全部夺去。
===========
原因很简单：
统一而强大的越南是中南半岛的噩梦，
美国必然会分割越南，让越南成为小国弱国。
土曾化十 发表于 2015-12-19 22:43
消息不知道真假，但是如果真海上打，就肯定需要陆地战备防止中国爆菊啊。
以今日力量对比，真爆菊穿铁裤衩然并卵
消息不知道真假，但是如果真海上打，就肯定需要陆地战备防止中国爆菊啊。
以今日力量对比，真爆菊穿铁裤衩然并卵
越共开放改革会出乱？
越共开放改革会出乱？
越共都不是改开了，都要大选了
越共都不是改开了，都要大选了
各位不用太紧张。越南惹中国百害而无一利，但它却还是勇撞南墙，这样悖于常理的事大家不觉得奇怪？
土曾化十 发表于 2015-12-19 23:08
越共都不是改开了，都要大选了
难道是越军方领导为了上位急于表现？
越共都不是改开了，都要大选了
难道是越军方领导为了上位急于表现？
难道是越军方领导为了上位急于表现？
不知道了，让消息飞一会
不知道了，让消息飞一会
其实就是一篇挑拨离间的外媒报道
接壤的国家真想来打那真是求之不得
tpp也就越南有潜力，把他打残了tpp就废了一半
一旦开战就要乘机攻占所有越占南海岛礁，同时占领越北建立所谓缓冲区，而后再以越北为筹码逼迫越南承认南海主权
越南今年签了TPP，又与欧盟签了自贸协议，把国内市场全开放给末西方发达国家，其自身国内的制造业能力又相当落后，主动把市场拱手送出去，这越南人日后都是给发达国家打工命。
还是由键盘侠带领三千精壮城管大队收复安南这个不孝的干孙子再说吧。
来吧来吧！跟我兔打一架！等这天等到奔四了！
河内离大陆太近，越南猴子怎么折腾也然并卵用。
一个师？越南全国动员，中国大概看你一眼。
发现媒体报道真是，越南刚买了几艘潜艇，战斗力就形成了？ 水文资料掌握的怎么样？ 打中国商船，中国打你首都怎么办？直接打你ZF办公大楼怎么办？
有如何强大的防控体系？别告诉我是密集的高射炮.....
发现媒体报道真是，越南刚买了几艘潜艇，战斗力就形成了？ 水文资料掌握的怎么样？ 打中国商船，中国打你首都怎么办？直接打你ZF办公大楼怎么办？
有如何强大的防控体系？别告诉我是密集的高射炮.....