中国：拥抱的是非洲，而不是非洲人

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com  
论坛地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-334268-1-1.html

China:Embracing Africa, But Not Africans

中国：拥抱的是非洲，而不是非洲人

20151423190702.jpg (72.26 KB, 下载次数: 4)

下载附件 保存到相册

2015-2-6 14:06 上传

mage Credit: REUTERS/Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah

图片来源：路透社，Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah

From January 10-17, Chinese Foreign MinisterWang Yi embarked on a five-nation African tour to promote friendly relationsbetween Africa and China, and to continue a Chinese government tradition of makingthe African continent the first overseas visit of the new year. While in Kenya,Wang defended China’s role in Africa, asserting, “We will not take the old pathof Western colonists, and we absolutely will not sacrifice Africa’s ecologicaland long-term interests.” Wang’s statement alluding to the idea of a“neo-colonial China” in Africa is evidence that Beijing is becomingincreasingly aware of Africans who question China’s role on the continent, andwhether Chinese investments actually benefit local populations.

In the first decade of the 21st century,the Chinese government has made better country to country relations withvarious African countries a topeconomic and political priority. In 2013,China’s trade with the African continent topped an estimated $166 billion andin a 2014 speech at the World Economic Forum in Nigeria, Chinese Premier LiKeqiang discussed his dream of one day connecting Africa’s major cities byChinese built high-speed railways “with no strings attached.” Analysts andacademics have showered consistent praise on Beijing’s improved relations withthe African continent, while the Obama Administration’s 2014 U.S./AfricaLeader’s Summit was widely seen as a reaction to the inroads that Beijing hadbeen making on the African continent.

Although Chinese involvement in financinginfrastructure projects, debt forgiveness, and scholarships for Africanstudents to Chinese universities had given China a net positive image amongvarious African countries in a 2013 Pew Research Global Attitudes Report, thereremains room for improvement. While many African countries are very gratefulfor the economic partner that Beijing has shown it can be, allowing thesecountries to abandon or mitigatetheir sometimes rigid economic partnerships with the West, China must stillconvince Africans that its interest in their continent is authentic. Byimproving people-to-people relations, understanding, and mutual respect in arelationship that many Africans feel reeks of European colonial stereotypes, Chinaand Africa can strengthen one of the 21st century’s most dynamic economic andstrategic partnerships.

为增进中非友好关系，中国外长王毅于1月（2015年）15日-17日，对非洲五国展开访问，延续了新年伊始首次出访就访问非洲大陆的传统。在肯尼亚，王对在中国在非洲所处的角色进行了辩护，称，“我们不会走西方殖民主义的老路，我们绝对不会牺牲非洲的生态利益和长远利益。”王的声明指的是，所谓的中国在非洲“新殖民主义”的思维，因为北京越来越意识到，即使中国的投资确实惠及到当地人民，但仍有不少非洲人质疑中国在这片大陆上所扮演的角色。

在21世纪第1个10年（计划）中，中国政府为了加强国与国之间的关系，已把同多个非洲国家的经济和政治（关系）放在首位。2013年，中国与非洲大陆之间的贸易额超过了1660亿美元，并且在2014年在尼日利亚世界经济论坛上，中国总理李克强表示，他梦想有一天，中国的高铁能把非洲主要的大城市都连接起来“而不带有任何附加条件“。”对于北京增进与非洲大陆关系，各界分析人士和学者纷纷表示赞赏。而奥巴马政府在2014年召开的美非领导人峰会，则普遍被认为是对北京在非洲大陆的举动所做出的一个反应。

据2013年皮尤研究中心全球好感度调查报告，尽管中国参与基建项目的融资，债务减免，并为来中国上大学的非洲学生提供奖学金，在非洲各国中树立了正面的中国形象，但仍有改进的余地。虽然不少非洲国家对他的经济伙伴非常感激，因为北京所表现的可让这些国家考虑抛弃或疏远与西方有些死板的经济伙伴关系，但中国还必须说服非洲，中国真的是在为他们的利益着想。通过拉近人与人之间的关系，理解，和相互尊重，让不少非洲人对欧洲殖民者的偏见产生了厌倦，因此中非之间有望成为21世纪最具活力的经济和战略伙伴。
译文来源:龙腾网 HTTP://WWW.LTAAA.COM
Africans in China
In a 2014 Al Jazeera report on Africanmigrants in Guangzhou, journalist Jennifer Marsh highlighted the plight ofAfrican migrants trying to achieve their own Chinese dream in one of China’smost populated southern cities. Marsh writes “While the central governmentpublicly welcomes the migrants, recent draconian visa legislation has sent aclear signal: Africans in China – even highly prosperous, educated economiccontributors – are not welcome.” The Al Jazeera journalist’s story highlightsthe story of Cellou Toure, a Malian migrant whose small business sufferedbecause of his inability to get a Chinese visa despite being married to aChinese woman and having three Malian-Chinese children. Many Africans viewsituations like Toure’s as the hypocrisy of the Chinese government’s goodwilltowards Africa, as African migrants witness firsthand the business success ofWesterners who marry Chinese women and are allowed prosper legally in small andmedium enterprises under the protection of the law.

All one has to do is scour the internet underthe keywords, “Chinese prejudice against Africans in China” to discover alitany of blogs and articles on the experiences on young African migrants,students and travelers, many of whom are proficient in Mandarin, as they recounttheir experiences in China. In A Minority in the Middle Kingdom: My ExperienceBeing Black in China former African-American expat, Marketus Presswoodwitnessed the racially charged atmosphere in his Chinese school and classroom,finding it increasingly difficult to hold on to his teaching jobs as an influxof white Westerners flooded the Chinese education market in the early 2000s.Presswood remembered overhearing one of his students remarking, “I don’t wantto look at his black face all night.”


As a former African-American expat living inChina over a period of three years, I can remember horrible stories of racismexperienced by other expats of African descent. One of the worst involved abrilliant young medical student from Guinea Bissau who studied Mandarin andmedicine in the coastal city of Nanjing. This young medical student was fluentin Chinese and when she reported to a local Chinese hospital to do herresidency and training, many of the Chinese patients would not allow her totouch them or treat them because she was African.

These stories and many others highlight thebarriers and racial stereotypes that many mainland Chinese people harboragainst people of African descent. Much of the problem has to do with Chinesepeople’s ignorance of Africa, African cultures, and African history, with mostChinese people judging Africans based on the period of European enslavement andthe continent’s subsequent history. Another part of the problem is China’scenturies old “white skin” beauty standards, which act as a psychological andgenerational barrier that views darker skinned individuals as less civilizedand unworthy of being called beautiful. In China, one ofthe most common racial stereotypes about people of African descent is that theyall like to eat chicken and watermelon. This particular stereotype hails fromthe American south during the post- enslavement period, and has nothing to dowith other Africans in the African diaspora, highlighting the Chinese lack ofunderstanding of Africa.

在中国的非洲人
2014年半岛电视台对在广州的非洲移民进行了报道，记者珍妮佛马什对一些非洲移民打算在中国人口最密集的南部城市为实现自己的中国梦，而所遇到的（现实）困境，着重进行了报道。马什写到“虽然中央政府公开欢迎这些移民，但严格的新签证立法释出了一个明确的信号，既在中国的非洲人，即使高度富裕，为经济做出过贡献，也不受欢迎”。这位半岛电视台的记者着重讲述了卡列罗图雷的故事，一位来自马里的小商人，尽管他和一位中国女子结了婚，生下了三个孩子，但仍无法得到中国签证而感到痛苦。不少非洲人透过类似图雷的故事认识到中国政府向非洲示好背后的那种虚伪，（因为）作为一个非州移民平生第一次体验到西方似的那种商业上的成功，还娶了中国妻子，又在中小企业保护法下合法地取得了一席之地。

大家可以在互联上搜索“中国人对在中国的非洲人的偏见”的关键词，就会发现一大堆有关非洲的年青移民，学生和游客，在博客和文章中写下的切身体会，他们当中不少人都是汉语通，他们详细描述了他们在中国的一些大事小情。前非裔美国人，马克杜斯普锐斯伍德写的《处在中央王国里的边缘群体：我在中国的黑色经历》，文中写道，他在中国的校园里和课堂上感觉到有一种歧视的氛围，早在本世纪初西方白人在教学领域里大行其道的情况下，他发现他很难找到教学的工作。“我们不想看到他隐在黑夜中的脸”。

作为一个在中国生活了三年的非裔美国人，我还记得其他有非洲血统的外国人经历过的可怕的种族歧视的故事。其中最糟糕的，是一位来自几内亚的才华横溢的医科学生，到一座河滨城市——南京去学习汉语和医学。这位年轻的医学院学生会说一口流利的中文，当他在接受实习培训时，很多中国患者因为她是非洲人而不让她触摸或不理睬他们。

这样那样的故事凸显出许多大陆人对带有非洲血统的人怀有种族偏见和抵触。问题主要出在中国人对非洲，非洲文化，和非洲历史的不了解，大部分中国人所了解的非洲人是欧洲殖民非洲时期的非洲人。另一方面，历代中国人通常都是以“白种肤”为美，长久以来他们认为皮肤越黑文明就越低级，不配称为美丽。在中国，对于一个有非洲血统的人，常见的偏见就是，他们都喜欢吃鸡和西瓜。这个固有的印象来自美国南方后黑奴时代，而不是来自非洲，这凸显出中国对非洲的不了解。

MovingForward
Chinese people often argue that an Asiamodernity cannot be judged through Western institutions and a Western narrativeof history because Asian culture is distinctly different. So the question mustbe asked, why does China deserve such deference when it views the African worldfrom a European viewpoint and how can China be the leader of developing andunderdeveloped countries that it knows little about? If theChinese government wants to increase its political and economic allies on theAfrican continent and amongst the African people, the next stepin the Africa-China relationship must seriously address people-to-peoplerelations.

To improve people-to-people relations, theChinese government could start by encouraging Chinese companies and state-ownedenterprises in Africa to hire 20-30 percent of their workforce locally. Thiswould stimulate the local economy and stifle complaints of a racialized hiringprocess amongst Chinese companies in Africa that prefers to import Chinesemigrant labor because of complaints of lazy African locals. Beijing could alsocreate a path to residency for African owners of small and businesses in Chinawho have married Chinese citizens, contribute to their local economies, and whohave not been in trouble with the law. Most importantly, while the Chineseeducation system focuses heavily on the suffering of the Chinese nation at thehands of Western imperialism, the education system could also focus on a morein-depth understanding of imperialism’s damage to other nations such as theAfrican Diaspora, India, and Asia.

At the 2006 Forum on China-Africa Cooperationin Beijing, former Chinese President Hu Jintao opened the ceremony with aspeech in which he reminded African dignitaries and guests of the  centuries-old trading relationship betweenChina and Africa, and the ancient civilizations to which China and Africa heldclaim. Maybe it would be better if the Chineseleadership taught this shared history to its own people.

展望未来
中国人通常认为，近代亚洲是无法通过西方制度和西方的史料来进行评判的，因为它们和亚洲文化完全不同。那么问题来了，要是中国透过欧洲的视角来看待非洲世界，中国为什么本应就该享有这份尊重。中国何以能成为发展中国家和欠发达国家的领袖，有谁会知道？中国政府若想加强同非洲国家政治经济上的联盟，进一步增进中非友谊，就必须认真对待人民与人民之间的关系。

若想增进人民与人民之间的关系，中国政府就应鼓励中国企业和在非洲的国有企业雇用20%-30%的当地劳工，这不仅会刺激当地经济，而且还能减少非洲中国企业在招聘过程中，因当地居民懒散问题，不得不输入中国劳工而产生的抱怨。北京或许还可以对居住在中国的，已同中国人结婚的，非裔小企业主给予方便，这不仅能繁荣当地经济，还能有利于法律秩序。最重要的是，中国的教育体系既然常讲中华民族遭到西方帝国主义之手的摧残，该教育系统亦应该把精力投向，更深入了解其他国家，如非洲移民，印度和（其他）亚洲国家中去。

2006年在北京召开的中非合作论坛中，前中国国家主席Hu在致开幕词时讲到，他想起伟大的非洲人民和中非间古老的贸易关系，中非共同拥有古老的文明。中国人民若能了解这段历史，或许会变得更美好。原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com  
论坛地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-334268-1-1.html

China:Embracing Africa, But Not Africans

中国：拥抱的是非洲，而不是非洲人

20151423190702.jpg (72.26 KB, 下载次数: 4)

下载附件 保存到相册

2015-2-6 14:06 上传

mage Credit: REUTERS/Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah

图片来源：路透社，Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah

From January 10-17, Chinese Foreign MinisterWang Yi embarked on a five-nation African tour to promote friendly relationsbetween Africa and China, and to continue a Chinese government tradition of makingthe African continent the first overseas visit of the new year. While in Kenya,Wang defended China’s role in Africa, asserting, “We will not take the old pathof Western colonists, and we absolutely will not sacrifice Africa’s ecologicaland long-term interests.” Wang’s statement alluding to the idea of a“neo-colonial China” in Africa is evidence that Beijing is becomingincreasingly aware of Africans who question China’s role on the continent, andwhether Chinese investments actually benefit local populations.

In the first decade of the 21st century,the Chinese government has made better country to country relations withvarious African countries a topeconomic and political priority. In 2013,China’s trade with the African continent topped an estimated $166 billion andin a 2014 speech at the World Economic Forum in Nigeria, Chinese Premier LiKeqiang discussed his dream of one day connecting Africa’s major cities byChinese built high-speed railways “with no strings attached.” Analysts andacademics have showered consistent praise on Beijing’s improved relations withthe African continent, while the Obama Administration’s 2014 U.S./AfricaLeader’s Summit was widely seen as a reaction to the inroads that Beijing hadbeen making on the African continent.

Although Chinese involvement in financinginfrastructure projects, debt forgiveness, and scholarships for Africanstudents to Chinese universities had given China a net positive image amongvarious African countries in a 2013 Pew Research Global Attitudes Report, thereremains room for improvement. While many African countries are very gratefulfor the economic partner that Beijing has shown it can be, allowing thesecountries to abandon or mitigatetheir sometimes rigid economic partnerships with the West, China must stillconvince Africans that its interest in their continent is authentic. Byimproving people-to-people relations, understanding, and mutual respect in arelationship that many Africans feel reeks of European colonial stereotypes, Chinaand Africa can strengthen one of the 21st century’s most dynamic economic andstrategic partnerships.

为增进中非友好关系，中国外长王毅于1月（2015年）15日-17日，对非洲五国展开访问，延续了新年伊始首次出访就访问非洲大陆的传统。在肯尼亚，王对在中国在非洲所处的角色进行了辩护，称，“我们不会走西方殖民主义的老路，我们绝对不会牺牲非洲的生态利益和长远利益。”王的声明指的是，所谓的中国在非洲“新殖民主义”的思维，因为北京越来越意识到，即使中国的投资确实惠及到当地人民，但仍有不少非洲人质疑中国在这片大陆上所扮演的角色。

在21世纪第1个10年（计划）中，中国政府为了加强国与国之间的关系，已把同多个非洲国家的经济和政治（关系）放在首位。2013年，中国与非洲大陆之间的贸易额超过了1660亿美元，并且在2014年在尼日利亚世界经济论坛上，中国总理李克强表示，他梦想有一天，中国的高铁能把非洲主要的大城市都连接起来“而不带有任何附加条件“。”对于北京增进与非洲大陆关系，各界分析人士和学者纷纷表示赞赏。而奥巴马政府在2014年召开的美非领导人峰会，则普遍被认为是对北京在非洲大陆的举动所做出的一个反应。

据2013年皮尤研究中心全球好感度调查报告，尽管中国参与基建项目的融资，债务减免，并为来中国上大学的非洲学生提供奖学金，在非洲各国中树立了正面的中国形象，但仍有改进的余地。虽然不少非洲国家对他的经济伙伴非常感激，因为北京所表现的可让这些国家考虑抛弃或疏远与西方有些死板的经济伙伴关系，但中国还必须说服非洲，中国真的是在为他们的利益着想。通过拉近人与人之间的关系，理解，和相互尊重，让不少非洲人对欧洲殖民者的偏见产生了厌倦，因此中非之间有望成为21世纪最具活力的经济和战略伙伴。
译文来源:龙腾网 HTTP://WWW.LTAAA.COM
Africans in China
In a 2014 Al Jazeera report on Africanmigrants in Guangzhou, journalist Jennifer Marsh highlighted the plight ofAfrican migrants trying to achieve their own Chinese dream in one of China’smost populated southern cities. Marsh writes “While the central governmentpublicly welcomes the migrants, recent draconian visa legislation has sent aclear signal: Africans in China – even highly prosperous, educated economiccontributors – are not welcome.” The Al Jazeera journalist’s story highlightsthe story of Cellou Toure, a Malian migrant whose small business sufferedbecause of his inability to get a Chinese visa despite being married to aChinese woman and having three Malian-Chinese children. Many Africans viewsituations like Toure’s as the hypocrisy of the Chinese government’s goodwilltowards Africa, as African migrants witness firsthand the business success ofWesterners who marry Chinese women and are allowed prosper legally in small andmedium enterprises under the protection of the law.

All one has to do is scour the internet underthe keywords, “Chinese prejudice against Africans in China” to discover alitany of blogs and articles on the experiences on young African migrants,students and travelers, many of whom are proficient in Mandarin, as they recounttheir experiences in China. In A Minority in the Middle Kingdom: My ExperienceBeing Black in China former African-American expat, Marketus Presswoodwitnessed the racially charged atmosphere in his Chinese school and classroom,finding it increasingly difficult to hold on to his teaching jobs as an influxof white Westerners flooded the Chinese education market in the early 2000s.Presswood remembered overhearing one of his students remarking, “I don’t wantto look at his black face all night.”


As a former African-American expat living inChina over a period of three years, I can remember horrible stories of racismexperienced by other expats of African descent. One of the worst involved abrilliant young medical student from Guinea Bissau who studied Mandarin andmedicine in the coastal city of Nanjing. This young medical student was fluentin Chinese and when she reported to a local Chinese hospital to do herresidency and training, many of the Chinese patients would not allow her totouch them or treat them because she was African.

These stories and many others highlight thebarriers and racial stereotypes that many mainland Chinese people harboragainst people of African descent. Much of the problem has to do with Chinesepeople’s ignorance of Africa, African cultures, and African history, with mostChinese people judging Africans based on the period of European enslavement andthe continent’s subsequent history. Another part of the problem is China’scenturies old “white skin” beauty standards, which act as a psychological andgenerational barrier that views darker skinned individuals as less civilizedand unworthy of being called beautiful. In China, one ofthe most common racial stereotypes about people of African descent is that theyall like to eat chicken and watermelon. This particular stereotype hails fromthe American south during the post- enslavement period, and has nothing to dowith other Africans in the African diaspora, highlighting the Chinese lack ofunderstanding of Africa.

在中国的非洲人
2014年半岛电视台对在广州的非洲移民进行了报道，记者珍妮佛马什对一些非洲移民打算在中国人口最密集的南部城市为实现自己的中国梦，而所遇到的（现实）困境，着重进行了报道。马什写到“虽然中央政府公开欢迎这些移民，但严格的新签证立法释出了一个明确的信号，既在中国的非洲人，即使高度富裕，为经济做出过贡献，也不受欢迎”。这位半岛电视台的记者着重讲述了卡列罗图雷的故事，一位来自马里的小商人，尽管他和一位中国女子结了婚，生下了三个孩子，但仍无法得到中国签证而感到痛苦。不少非洲人透过类似图雷的故事认识到中国政府向非洲示好背后的那种虚伪，（因为）作为一个非州移民平生第一次体验到西方似的那种商业上的成功，还娶了中国妻子，又在中小企业保护法下合法地取得了一席之地。

大家可以在互联上搜索“中国人对在中国的非洲人的偏见”的关键词，就会发现一大堆有关非洲的年青移民，学生和游客，在博客和文章中写下的切身体会，他们当中不少人都是汉语通，他们详细描述了他们在中国的一些大事小情。前非裔美国人，马克杜斯普锐斯伍德写的《处在中央王国里的边缘群体：我在中国的黑色经历》，文中写道，他在中国的校园里和课堂上感觉到有一种歧视的氛围，早在本世纪初西方白人在教学领域里大行其道的情况下，他发现他很难找到教学的工作。“我们不想看到他隐在黑夜中的脸”。

作为一个在中国生活了三年的非裔美国人，我还记得其他有非洲血统的外国人经历过的可怕的种族歧视的故事。其中最糟糕的，是一位来自几内亚的才华横溢的医科学生，到一座河滨城市——南京去学习汉语和医学。这位年轻的医学院学生会说一口流利的中文，当他在接受实习培训时，很多中国患者因为她是非洲人而不让她触摸或不理睬他们。

这样那样的故事凸显出许多大陆人对带有非洲血统的人怀有种族偏见和抵触。问题主要出在中国人对非洲，非洲文化，和非洲历史的不了解，大部分中国人所了解的非洲人是欧洲殖民非洲时期的非洲人。另一方面，历代中国人通常都是以“白种肤”为美，长久以来他们认为皮肤越黑文明就越低级，不配称为美丽。在中国，对于一个有非洲血统的人，常见的偏见就是，他们都喜欢吃鸡和西瓜。这个固有的印象来自美国南方后黑奴时代，而不是来自非洲，这凸显出中国对非洲的不了解。

MovingForward
Chinese people often argue that an Asiamodernity cannot be judged through Western institutions and a Western narrativeof history because Asian culture is distinctly different. So the question mustbe asked, why does China deserve such deference when it views the African worldfrom a European viewpoint and how can China be the leader of developing andunderdeveloped countries that it knows little about? If theChinese government wants to increase its political and economic allies on theAfrican continent and amongst the African people, the next stepin the Africa-China relationship must seriously address people-to-peoplerelations.

To improve people-to-people relations, theChinese government could start by encouraging Chinese companies and state-ownedenterprises in Africa to hire 20-30 percent of their workforce locally. Thiswould stimulate the local economy and stifle complaints of a racialized hiringprocess amongst Chinese companies in Africa that prefers to import Chinesemigrant labor because of complaints of lazy African locals. Beijing could alsocreate a path to residency for African owners of small and businesses in Chinawho have married Chinese citizens, contribute to their local economies, and whohave not been in trouble with the law. Most importantly, while the Chineseeducation system focuses heavily on the suffering of the Chinese nation at thehands of Western imperialism, the education system could also focus on a morein-depth understanding of imperialism’s damage to other nations such as theAfrican Diaspora, India, and Asia.

At the 2006 Forum on China-Africa Cooperationin Beijing, former Chinese President Hu Jintao opened the ceremony with aspeech in which he reminded African dignitaries and guests of the  centuries-old trading relationship betweenChina and Africa, and the ancient civilizations to which China and Africa heldclaim. Maybe it would be better if the Chineseleadership taught this shared history to its own people.

展望未来
中国人通常认为，近代亚洲是无法通过西方制度和西方的史料来进行评判的，因为它们和亚洲文化完全不同。那么问题来了，要是中国透过欧洲的视角来看待非洲世界，中国为什么本应就该享有这份尊重。中国何以能成为发展中国家和欠发达国家的领袖，有谁会知道？中国政府若想加强同非洲国家政治经济上的联盟，进一步增进中非友谊，就必须认真对待人民与人民之间的关系。

若想增进人民与人民之间的关系，中国政府就应鼓励中国企业和在非洲的国有企业雇用20%-30%的当地劳工，这不仅会刺激当地经济，而且还能减少非洲中国企业在招聘过程中，因当地居民懒散问题，不得不输入中国劳工而产生的抱怨。北京或许还可以对居住在中国的，已同中国人结婚的，非裔小企业主给予方便，这不仅能繁荣当地经济，还能有利于法律秩序。最重要的是，中国的教育体系既然常讲中华民族遭到西方帝国主义之手的摧残，该教育系统亦应该把精力投向，更深入了解其他国家，如非洲移民，印度和（其他）亚洲国家中去。

2006年在北京召开的中非合作论坛中，前中国国家主席Hu在致开幕词时讲到，他想起伟大的非洲人民和中非间古老的贸易关系，中非共同拥有古老的文明。中国人民若能了解这段历史，或许会变得更美好。