希腊选举:5年紧缩政策的后果

来源:百度文库 编辑:超级军网 时间:2024/04/27 19:35:32
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com  
论坛地址:http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-333215-1-1.html

Greece elections: Have 5 years of austerity paid off?

希腊选举:5年紧缩政策的后果

20151422320118.jpg

Sunday's national elections in Greece were widely seen as a vote on years of punishing austerity that its citizens have had to endure, and whether they can handle much more.

周日的希腊大选被看做是对市民多年被迫忍受的紧缩政策是否继续的投票,

And it appears Greek voters rejected it.

看起来,希腊选民选择了反对。
译文来源:龙腾网 HTTP://WWW.LTAAA.COM
The incumbent prime minster conceded defeat, and exit polls reported by state television showed the anti-austerity Syriza party poised to win. Syriza has attracted significant public support on promises to renegotiate bailout terms and deliver relief to fed up Greeks.

现任总理承认失败,并在国家电视台宣布反紧缩左翼政党轻松获胜后离开。左翼政党获得重大的公众支持,因为他们允诺将对紧急救助重新谈判,并对希腊人发放救济。

The apparent victory for Syriza casts doubt on the still fragile country's economic future.

左翼政党的明显获胜让人对这个经济破碎的国家充满了怀疑。

Back in 2010, the country accepted its first bailout: 240 billion ($277.8 billion) of international aid to rescue its battered economy. In return, Greece agreed to deep cuts in government salaries, tax hikes, a freeze on state pensions and bans on early retirement.

回溯到2010年,这个国家试图得到首次紧急救助:2400亿欧元(2778亿美元)的国家援助来解救他垮塌的经济。作为回报,希腊同意深度削减政府薪金,提高税率,冻结国家养老金并停止提前退休。

Nearly five years on, Greece's economy is in better shape, but life for many Greeks is much worse. Unemployment has soared and wages have fallen even as people are working longer -- all of which are fueling demand for change.

差不多五年过去了,希腊经济开始好转,但很多希腊人的生活更加恶化。失业高耸,薪资下滑,同时工作时间更长——所有这些加剧了变革的期望。

So how far has Greece come since the start of its financial crisis?

那么,金融危机以来,希腊已经走了多远?

1. Back in the black: In the last five years, Greece has swung from a hefty deficit to a small surplus. The country's primary deficit was a whopping 10.7% of GDP back in 2009. Last year it ran a primary surplus of 2.7% of GDP. That means when you strip out interest payments, the government collected more money that it paid out. And it hit that target  earlier than promised to lenders.

1.从黑暗中回归:在最后五年,希腊从一个高赤字国家变成一个微弱盈余的国家。2009年政府赤字高达gdp
的10.7%。而去年他有了gdp2.7%的盈余。这意味着支付利息后,政府收入比支出更高。并且他比领导人允
诺的更早达到了目标。

2. Healthier banks: Greece's banking sector is much more resilient. Banks have been recapitalized and the industry has downsized from 18 commercial banks to just 4. Recent stress tests have underscored their stronger capital position and confidence in the financial sector.

2.更健康的银行:希腊银行业的安全更快恢复。银行已进行资产重组,占产业比重已经从18%下降到4%。近
来的压力测试已经加强了他们更好的资本状况和财政安全的信心。

3. Unemployment soars: But the biggest trouble spot is jobs. Five years ago the unemployment rate was about 12%. Last year it was more than double that level, at 26%. The job shortage is even worse for young Greeks: half of all young people are out of work. And that's a problem both in the short and long term.

3.失业率高耸:但是,最大问题是就业。五年前,失业率大约为12%。去年,已经翻倍带拐弯,达到26%。就业岗位的减少对青年人的影响更坏:年轻人口中的一半处于失业状态。并且,这既是一个短期问题,更是一个长期问题。

"It's a ticking time bomb for national health care and public sector pension bills," said G+ Economics managing director Lena Komileva, "The taxpayer will need to pay the future public sector bills."

“国家健康福利和公共部门退休金是一个定时炸弹”,G+ Economics总经理Lena Komileva说,“纳税人需要为未来的公共部门退休金纳税。”

4. Economy is shrinking: Many of the job losses are tied to a sharp contraction in the size of the Greek economy, which is roughly 25% smaller than it was before the crisis. Last year, the country returned to modest growth after five years of recession -- but output remains far below levels seen in 2007.

4.经济正在萎缩:大量工作岗位流失,与之关联的是,希腊经济规模的急剧萎缩,他的经济规模已经比危机前萎缩了大约25%。去年,希腊在五年衰退后恢复了适度增长——但是,产值仍然远远低于2007年的级别。

5. Wages tumble: Those who have a job are getting paid less. Wage inflation peaked at an unsustainable 12.5% year-on-year growth in 2010. Then wages began falling sharply. In 2013 they were falling nearly 12% year-on-year -- and they're still falling.

5.薪资下滑:在职者被支付更少薪水。工资膨胀顶峰在2010年,达到年率12.5%,这是不可持续的。然后,工资开始急剧下滑。2013年,下滑速度达到年率12%——并且,还在继续下滑中。

6. Working longer: The retirement age averaged 61 in 2010. It has been pushed out to 65, and expectations are that it will be hiked again to 67 in the coming years.

更长的工作时间:2010年退休年龄平均为61岁。现今已经被延长到65岁,而且会在接下来的几年里被延长到67岁。

7. Debt deluge: Greece's debt was very high then, and it's very high now. Net debt was around 130% of GDP in 2010 according to the IMF -- now it's close to 170%. The economy has shrunk so the debt ratio has increased and it's put the country in what G+ Economics Komileva describes as the "debt trap".

债务泛滥:希腊的债务随后变得非常高,现在已经很高了。根君IMF数据,2010年希腊净债务大约为gdp的130%——现在,他已经接近170%。经济萎缩,所以,负债率增长,并且他已经导致这个国家走向(用G+Economics首席经济学家Komileva的话说)“债务陷阱”。

"Greece cannot possibly generate the level of income to pay back its debtors, ever," she said.

“希腊可能永远无法获得足够的收入来偿还他的债务,”她说道。原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com  
论坛地址:http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-333215-1-1.html

Greece elections: Have 5 years of austerity paid off?

希腊选举:5年紧缩政策的后果

20151422320118.jpg

Sunday's national elections in Greece were widely seen as a vote on years of punishing austerity that its citizens have had to endure, and whether they can handle much more.

周日的希腊大选被看做是对市民多年被迫忍受的紧缩政策是否继续的投票,

And it appears Greek voters rejected it.

看起来,希腊选民选择了反对。
译文来源:龙腾网 HTTP://WWW.LTAAA.COM
The incumbent prime minster conceded defeat, and exit polls reported by state television showed the anti-austerity Syriza party poised to win. Syriza has attracted significant public support on promises to renegotiate bailout terms and deliver relief to fed up Greeks.

现任总理承认失败,并在国家电视台宣布反紧缩左翼政党轻松获胜后离开。左翼政党获得重大的公众支持,因为他们允诺将对紧急救助重新谈判,并对希腊人发放救济。

The apparent victory for Syriza casts doubt on the still fragile country's economic future.

左翼政党的明显获胜让人对这个经济破碎的国家充满了怀疑。

Back in 2010, the country accepted its first bailout: 240 billion ($277.8 billion) of international aid to rescue its battered economy. In return, Greece agreed to deep cuts in government salaries, tax hikes, a freeze on state pensions and bans on early retirement.

回溯到2010年,这个国家试图得到首次紧急救助:2400亿欧元(2778亿美元)的国家援助来解救他垮塌的经济。作为回报,希腊同意深度削减政府薪金,提高税率,冻结国家养老金并停止提前退休。

Nearly five years on, Greece's economy is in better shape, but life for many Greeks is much worse. Unemployment has soared and wages have fallen even as people are working longer -- all of which are fueling demand for change.

差不多五年过去了,希腊经济开始好转,但很多希腊人的生活更加恶化。失业高耸,薪资下滑,同时工作时间更长——所有这些加剧了变革的期望。

So how far has Greece come since the start of its financial crisis?

那么,金融危机以来,希腊已经走了多远?

1. Back in the black: In the last five years, Greece has swung from a hefty deficit to a small surplus. The country's primary deficit was a whopping 10.7% of GDP back in 2009. Last year it ran a primary surplus of 2.7% of GDP. That means when you strip out interest payments, the government collected more money that it paid out. And it hit that target  earlier than promised to lenders.

1.从黑暗中回归:在最后五年,希腊从一个高赤字国家变成一个微弱盈余的国家。2009年政府赤字高达gdp
的10.7%。而去年他有了gdp2.7%的盈余。这意味着支付利息后,政府收入比支出更高。并且他比领导人允
诺的更早达到了目标。

2. Healthier banks: Greece's banking sector is much more resilient. Banks have been recapitalized and the industry has downsized from 18 commercial banks to just 4. Recent stress tests have underscored their stronger capital position and confidence in the financial sector.

2.更健康的银行:希腊银行业的安全更快恢复。银行已进行资产重组,占产业比重已经从18%下降到4%。近
来的压力测试已经加强了他们更好的资本状况和财政安全的信心。

3. Unemployment soars: But the biggest trouble spot is jobs. Five years ago the unemployment rate was about 12%. Last year it was more than double that level, at 26%. The job shortage is even worse for young Greeks: half of all young people are out of work. And that's a problem both in the short and long term.

3.失业率高耸:但是,最大问题是就业。五年前,失业率大约为12%。去年,已经翻倍带拐弯,达到26%。就业岗位的减少对青年人的影响更坏:年轻人口中的一半处于失业状态。并且,这既是一个短期问题,更是一个长期问题。

"It's a ticking time bomb for national health care and public sector pension bills," said G+ Economics managing director Lena Komileva, "The taxpayer will need to pay the future public sector bills."

“国家健康福利和公共部门退休金是一个定时炸弹”,G+ Economics总经理Lena Komileva说,“纳税人需要为未来的公共部门退休金纳税。”

4. Economy is shrinking: Many of the job losses are tied to a sharp contraction in the size of the Greek economy, which is roughly 25% smaller than it was before the crisis. Last year, the country returned to modest growth after five years of recession -- but output remains far below levels seen in 2007.

4.经济正在萎缩:大量工作岗位流失,与之关联的是,希腊经济规模的急剧萎缩,他的经济规模已经比危机前萎缩了大约25%。去年,希腊在五年衰退后恢复了适度增长——但是,产值仍然远远低于2007年的级别。

5. Wages tumble: Those who have a job are getting paid less. Wage inflation peaked at an unsustainable 12.5% year-on-year growth in 2010. Then wages began falling sharply. In 2013 they were falling nearly 12% year-on-year -- and they're still falling.

5.薪资下滑:在职者被支付更少薪水。工资膨胀顶峰在2010年,达到年率12.5%,这是不可持续的。然后,工资开始急剧下滑。2013年,下滑速度达到年率12%——并且,还在继续下滑中。

6. Working longer: The retirement age averaged 61 in 2010. It has been pushed out to 65, and expectations are that it will be hiked again to 67 in the coming years.

更长的工作时间:2010年退休年龄平均为61岁。现今已经被延长到65岁,而且会在接下来的几年里被延长到67岁。

7. Debt deluge: Greece's debt was very high then, and it's very high now. Net debt was around 130% of GDP in 2010 according to the IMF -- now it's close to 170%. The economy has shrunk so the debt ratio has increased and it's put the country in what G+ Economics Komileva describes as the "debt trap".

债务泛滥:希腊的债务随后变得非常高,现在已经很高了。根君IMF数据,2010年希腊净债务大约为gdp的130%——现在,他已经接近170%。经济萎缩,所以,负债率增长,并且他已经导致这个国家走向(用G+Economics首席经济学家Komileva的话说)“债务陷阱”。

"Greece cannot possibly generate the level of income to pay back its debtors, ever," she said.

“希腊可能永远无法获得足够的收入来偿还他的债务,”她说道。
反紧缩要有钱的,钱在哪儿呢
这就是选举政治的危害,缺乏远见,不愿牺牲。人人都想上天堂,但没人想死.
红色信念 发表于 2015-1-27 11:00
反紧缩要有钱的,钱在哪儿呢
不是有印刷机么
61-65-67
……太坑了
反紧缩要有钱的,钱在哪儿呢
左翼政府准备赖账
希腊人真聪明,你德法不出钱,你借我的钱就没办法还了。

一次一次德法出钱援助,债务依然快速爬升,钱哪里去了,当然是希腊人拿去就花了。

这次德法意荷都主动要求左翼政府履行承诺,怎么履行,拿钱来吧。不拿,干脆就债务重组,不同意就退出欧元,爱在咋地!有本事你炸我!我先动手一架换你8架,小样儿的。
Greece will be ousted from the Euro zone and no one has any doubt about it now. It's just a matter of time.

So it might be better to take about what will happen to the Euro zone following Greece's elimination. It's also necessary to assess the impact on the EU as this may affect the world's other major economies in more way than one.

I am at work and cannot type Chinese characters.

希腊人真聪明,你德法不出钱,你借我的钱就没办法还了。

一次一次德法出钱援助,债务依然快速爬升,钱哪 ...
这尼玛真是欠钱的成大爷了。汉斯心里不知道多少头草泥马呼啸而过~
macrossii 发表于 2015-1-27 12:16
这尼玛真是欠钱的成大爷了。汉斯心里不知道多少头草泥马呼啸而过~
本来这大爷当的还有点儿心虚,怕人家狠下心直接开除。

现在嘛,经过几轮援助,几千亿美元已经到手花掉,这大爷是当定了。
最狠的是,这地方还没啥资源,石灰石倒是多,优质的太少,比不上西班牙。兔子过去也只好搞港口。英国佬工业革命还要靠丰富的煤铁资源和海港口岸啊,希腊有啥?
还是深深怀疑所谓古希腊灿烂文明的真实性,鸟不拉屎的地方啊。
corven 发表于 2015-1-27 11:14
不是有印刷机么
不是谁能都印
长河落月 发表于 2015-1-27 12:20
本来这大爷当的还有点儿心虚,怕人家狠下心直接开除。

现在嘛,经过几轮援助,几千亿美元已经到手花掉 ...
两边“漫天要价 坐地还钱”希腊没有胆量退出
中国不是也买了希腊国债?
bjkk 发表于 2015-1-27 14:05
不是谁能都印
退出去就能印了
bjkk 发表于 2015-1-27 14:05
不是谁能都印
退出去就能印了
有言无书 发表于 2015-1-27 14:08
中国不是也买了希腊国债?
好象是买了一部分
corven 发表于 2015-1-27 14:10
退出去就能印了
那还不如厕纸
搞投资移民卖护照吧,吸引中国人去。
不搞生产靠发债能持久嘛,
早晚得玩脱线。
铁马冰河陆川客 发表于 2015-1-27 14:00
最狠的是,这地方还没啥资源,石灰石倒是多,优质的太少,比不上西班牙。兔子过去也只好搞港口。英国佬工业 ...
希腊妹子漂亮吗?可以拿人抵债
反紧缩要有钱的,钱在哪儿呢
欠债的大吃大喝,借钱的累死累活
bjkk 发表于 2015-1-27 14:07
两边“漫天要价 坐地还钱”希腊没有胆量退出
欧元国家就类似坐在汪洋上的一条救生艇,食物和淡水在逐渐减少,看不到陆地。时间一点点的流逝,这条救生艇上的人分歧会越来越大,最后动手相互攻击,一些人弃挺跳海。

非我族类其心必异,以中国人的眼光看欧洲人好像都差不多,其实他们相互看,和中韩朝日相互看也差不多。贪婪和自私,最后就是毁灭,什么欧元区和欧盟,早早晚晚要完蛋。
长河落月 发表于 2015-1-27 14:59
欧元国家就类似坐在汪洋上的一条救生艇,食物和淡水在逐渐减少,看不到陆地。时间一点点的流逝,这条救生 ...
欧洲最终政治会服从经济,中国也会在适当的时候拉一把。欧元倒了目前对中国没什么益处。
bjkk 发表于 2015-1-27 15:05
欧洲最终政治会服从经济,中国也会在适当的时候拉一把。欧元倒了目前对中国没什么益处。
生意伙伴关系最融洽的时候往往都是在效益最好的时候。

欧元注定是悲剧因为欧洲是走在下坡的路上,无论是政治还是经济。
长河落月 发表于 2015-1-27 15:11
生意伙伴关系最融洽的时候往往都是在效益最好的时候。

欧元注定是悲剧因为欧洲是走在下坡的路上,无论 ...
中欧相互需要,形势倒逼决策。欧洲只有在下坡的时候才会与中国进行真正互惠合作。
bjkk 发表于 2015-1-27 15:17
中欧相互需要,形势倒逼决策。欧洲只有在下坡的时候才会与中国进行真正互惠合作。
中欧的合作永远只能是和欧洲某些国家的合作,不可能是和欧盟这个杂耍公司合作,因为你不能和一个拿不出任何决定的团体合作。

corven 发表于 2015-1-27 11:14
不是有印刷机么
你因为是美元啊 希腊所在的欧元区不是你想印钱就能印的
要是看过希腊的福利,泥玛,到底谁经济崩盘了?真正的社会主义全民公社
纪昀 发表于 2015-1-27 15:46
要是看过希腊的福利,泥玛,到底谁经济崩盘了?真正的社会主义全民公社
记得以前有个统计,关于欧盟中各国家庭财产净平均值的。希腊貌似紧随卢森堡位列第二名,德国垫底。
铁马冰河陆川客 发表于 2015-1-27 14:00
最狠的是,这地方还没啥资源,石灰石倒是多,优质的太少,比不上西班牙。兔子过去也只好搞港口。英国佬工业 ...
丫希腊的土地大片平原很少,基本都是小块的平原和城邦

这样的人口规模能养育多大的文明,确实让人感到质疑
纪昀 发表于 2015-1-27 15:46
要是看过希腊的福利,泥玛,到底谁经济崩盘了?真正的社会主义全民公社
所以跟人民公社一样崩了。
flamdayek 发表于 2015-1-27 16:02
丫希腊的土地大片平原很少,基本都是小块的平原和城邦

这样的人口规模能养育多大的文明,确实让人感到 ...
古希腊的雅典人口众多,缺少肥沃耕地,食物供应短缺,50%-80%的粮食需要进口。为了解决民生问题,雅典采取的措施是发展工商业,还有就是40万奴隶的劳作。就是说近60万人口主粮靠进口的,这说法多到位啊。
问题是,西方专家说,古希腊有数百个城邦。现代希腊才1000万人,古代的农牧业和手工业商业发达到现代级别?中国人口在美洲作物适应并推广前始终一亿以下,按这个比例,按 200个城邦计算,将全部人口按照100万计算,古希腊的一个“城邦”,相当于当今中国一个小规模的乡、大一点的村!雅典一个城邦的人口就超过55万,那么,其它199个城邦的平均人口几个啊?别忘了还有斯巴达啊,斯巴达男性公民9000,人口3万不止吧,只占人口数20分之一,还有科林斯等等好几个大城邦啊,完了,俺是没法圆谎了。除非那时候的古希腊有500-1000万人口,俺承认俺跪了。
lixiaoyong 发表于 2015-1-27 14:49
希腊妹子漂亮吗?可以拿人抵债
还可以,就是有点疯
铁马冰河陆川客 发表于 2015-1-27 16:46
古希腊的雅典人口众多,缺少肥沃耕地,食物供应短缺,50%-80%的粮食需要进口。为了解决民生问题,雅典采 ...
建议我们的历史学家多去和伊朗阿拉伯的交流下

他们和希腊交流多,希腊典籍本来就是阿拉伯保存下来的,他们肯定更多的知道希腊文明的底
铁马冰河陆川客 发表于 2015-1-27 16:46
古希腊的雅典人口众多,缺少肥沃耕地,食物供应短缺,50%-80%的粮食需要进口。为了解决民生问题,雅典采 ...
建议我们的历史学家多去和伊朗阿拉伯的交流下

他们和希腊交流多,希腊典籍本来就是阿拉伯保存下来的,他们肯定更多的知道希腊文明的底
最狠的是,这地方还没啥资源,石灰石倒是多,优质的太少,比不上西班牙。兔子过去也只好搞港口。英国佬工业 ...
人家是贸易文明,地方好
blwu 发表于 2015-1-27 17:18
人家是贸易文明,地方好
没有统治腹地,单搞贸易强大不了,荷兰当年就死在英国佬手上,三次战争;新加坡没有美国佬撑腰早成为抢劫对象了。再说了请看地形图,咱泉州,宁波都有海运和河运结合的,古希腊有啥?不要提希腊船王,那是跨国企业,还是欧美资本大头。威尼斯海运你看,波河航运加平原出产。雅典有啥?交通向北要通过温泉关,一路山地阿,西南是斯巴达,还有柯林斯,迪比斯,西方还说古希腊1500万人口,您信不?
不是有印刷机么
EZB控制在莫娘手里,除非推出欧元区
长河落月 发表于 2015-1-27 11:39
希腊人真聪明,你德法不出钱,你借我的钱就没办法还了。

一次一次德法出钱援助,债务依然快速爬升,钱哪 ...

加不加入欧元区这个是得欧匪们说了算
但是让人家退出,可就没有那么容易了