超级军网旧闻/HR2617法案--美预立法阿波罗登月地址为国家公园
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/30 03:21:13
2013年7月
美国众议院议员Donna Edwards和Eddie Bernice Johnson向国会提出了HR 2617法案。
法案指出，为了纪念阿波罗月球项目为航天事业所作出的贡献，提议在月球上建立一个阿波罗月球着陆点国家历史公园。
法案中写道，“建立历史公园将可以更好地保护和保留阿波罗登陆月球时的着陆点区域，并且让公众记住这一事件在美国历史上的重要地位。”
在该法案下，阿波罗月球着陆点国家历史公园将包括了所有在阿波罗行动中遗落在月球上的飞行器部件。另外，法案还指出，他们还将向联合国科教文组织申报阿波罗11号着陆点世界遗址。
如果这一法案在国会通过，那么人类将会迎来一个全新的时代。
However the legislation could be seen as a declaration of US sovereignty, according to Dr Henry Hertzfeld
ABC11月29日文章
然而根据Henry Hertzfeld的说法，这项美国国内立法可能被视作美国在月球上的主权伸张
Hertzfeld and Pace believe such an agreement would avoid any declarations of sovereignty on the Moon while reinforcing existing space treaties.
The issue has come to the fore with China announcing plans to send its first probe to land on the lunar surface in the next few weeks.
Hertzfeld 及Pace相信有了这份文件对当下已有的空间法律加强后，可以避免任何他国在月球上此登陆点上的主权伸张
这份声明 在中国宣布-打算发射他的第一颗登月探测器几星期之前 就出炉了
These included five American Surveyor landers and eight Soviet Union probes, including the two Lunokhod moon buggies.
下图包含5个美国的登陆车及8个苏联的探测器--其中有两个探测车
2013年7月
美国众议院议员Donna Edwards和Eddie Bernice Johnson向国会提出了HR 2617法案。
法案指出，为了纪念阿波罗月球项目为航天事业所作出的贡献，提议在月球上建立一个阿波罗月球着陆点国家历史公园。
法案中写道，“建立历史公园将可以更好地保护和保留阿波罗登陆月球时的着陆点区域，并且让公众记住这一事件在美国历史上的重要地位。”
在该法案下，阿波罗月球着陆点国家历史公园将包括了所有在阿波罗行动中遗落在月球上的飞行器部件。另外，法案还指出，他们还将向联合国科教文组织申报阿波罗11号着陆点世界遗址。
如果这一法案在国会通过，那么人类将会迎来一个全新的时代。
However the legislation could be seen as a declaration of US sovereignty, according to Dr Henry Hertzfeld
ABC11月29日文章
然而根据Henry Hertzfeld的说法，这项美国国内立法可能被视作美国在月球上的主权伸张
Hertzfeld and Pace believe such an agreement would avoid any declarations of sovereignty on the Moon while reinforcing existing space treaties.
The issue has come to the fore with China announcing plans to send its first probe to land on the lunar surface in the next few weeks.
Hertzfeld 及Pace相信有了这份文件对当下已有的空间法律加强后，可以避免任何他国在月球上此登陆点上的主权伸张
这份声明 在中国宣布-打算发射他的第一颗登月探测器几星期之前 就出炉了
These included five American Surveyor landers and eight Soviet Union probes, including the two Lunokhod moon buggies.
下图包含5个美国的登陆车及8个苏联的探测器--其中有两个探测车
美国众议院议员Donna Edwards和Eddie Bernice Johnson向国会提出了HR 2617法案。
法案指出，为了纪念阿波罗月球项目为航天事业所作出的贡献，提议在月球上建立一个阿波罗月球着陆点国家历史公园。
法案中写道，“建立历史公园将可以更好地保护和保留阿波罗登陆月球时的着陆点区域，并且让公众记住这一事件在美国历史上的重要地位。”
在该法案下，阿波罗月球着陆点国家历史公园将包括了所有在阿波罗行动中遗落在月球上的飞行器部件。另外，法案还指出，他们还将向联合国科教文组织申报阿波罗11号着陆点世界遗址。
如果这一法案在国会通过，那么人类将会迎来一个全新的时代。
However the legislation could be seen as a declaration of US sovereignty, according to Dr Henry Hertzfeld
ABC11月29日文章
然而根据Henry Hertzfeld的说法，这项美国国内立法可能被视作美国在月球上的主权伸张
Hertzfeld and Pace believe such an agreement would avoid any declarations of sovereignty on the Moon while reinforcing existing space treaties.
The issue has come to the fore with China announcing plans to send its first probe to land on the lunar surface in the next few weeks.
Hertzfeld 及Pace相信有了这份文件对当下已有的空间法律加强后，可以避免任何他国在月球上此登陆点上的主权伸张
这份声明 在中国宣布-打算发射他的第一颗登月探测器几星期之前 就出炉了
These included five American Surveyor landers and eight Soviet Union probes, including the two Lunokhod moon buggies.
下图包含5个美国的登陆车及8个苏联的探测器--其中有两个探测车
2013年7月美国众议院议员Donna Edwards和Eddie Bernice Johnson向国会提出了HR 2617法案。
法案指出，为了纪念阿波罗月球项目为航天事业所作出的贡献，提议在月球上建立一个阿波罗月球着陆点国家历史公园。
法案中写道，“建立历史公园将可以更好地保护和保留阿波罗登陆月球时的着陆点区域，并且让公众记住这一事件在美国历史上的重要地位。”
在该法案下，阿波罗月球着陆点国家历史公园将包括了所有在阿波罗行动中遗落在月球上的飞行器部件。另外，法案还指出，他们还将向联合国科教文组织申报阿波罗11号着陆点世界遗址。
如果这一法案在国会通过，那么人类将会迎来一个全新的时代。
However the legislation could be seen as a declaration of US sovereignty, according to Dr Henry Hertzfeld
ABC11月29日文章
然而根据Henry Hertzfeld的说法，这项美国国内立法可能被视作美国在月球上的主权伸张
Hertzfeld and Pace believe such an agreement would avoid any declarations of sovereignty on the Moon while reinforcing existing space treaties.
The issue has come to the fore with China announcing plans to send its first probe to land on the lunar surface in the next few weeks.
Hertzfeld 及Pace相信有了这份文件对当下已有的空间法律加强后，可以避免任何他国在月球上此登陆点上的主权伸张
这份声明 在中国宣布-打算发射他的第一颗登月探测器几星期之前 就出炉了
These included five American Surveyor landers and eight Soviet Union probes, including the two Lunokhod moon buggies.
下图包含5个美国的登陆车及8个苏联的探测器--其中有两个探测车
提交的法案全文
The Full contents of the proposed legislation:
1 to set foot on another celestial body, during the
2 Apollo 11 mission;
3 (2) between 1969 and 1972, Apollo Missions
4 11, 12, 14,15, 16, and 17 all saw American astro-
5 nauts visit the surface of the Moon;
6 (3) the 1970 Apollo 13 mission, which was
7 aborted due to a serious malfunction en route to the
8 Moon, also circled the Moon;
9 (4) the Apollo lunar program was one of the
10 greatest achievements in American history;
11 (5) as commercial enterprises and foreign na-
12 tions acquire the ability to land on the Moon it is
13 necessary to protect the Apollo lunar landing sites
14 for posterity; and
15 (6) establishing the Historical Park under this
16 Act will expand and enhance the protection and
17 preservation of the Apollo lunar landing sites and
18 provide for greater recognition and public under-
19 standing of this singular achievement in American
20 history.
21 SEC. 3. PURPOSES.
22 The purposes of this Act are—
23 (1) to preserve and protect for the benefit of
24 present and future generations the nationally significant historic sites associated with the Historical Park;
(2) to preserve and protect for scientific inquiry the artifacts described in section 5(b); and
(3) to improve public understanding of the Apollo program and its legacy through preservation of the historic resources associated with the Apollo lunar landing sites.
SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Administrator’’ means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(2) APOLLO LUNAR LANDING SITES.—The term ‘‘Apollo lunar landing sites’’ means all areas of the Moon where astronauts and instruments connected to the Apollo program between 1969 and 1972 touched the lunar surface.
(3) HISTORICAL PARK.—The term ‘‘Historical Park’’ means the Apollo Lunar Landing Sites Na- tional Historical Park established under section 5.
(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of the Interior.
SEC. 5. ESTABLISHMENT OF APOLLO LUNAR LANDING SITES NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, there shall be estab- lished as a unit of the National Park System the Apollo Lunar Landing Sites National Historical Park.
(b) PARK COMPONENTS.—The Historical Park may only be comprised, as determined by the Secretary in con- sultation with the Administrator, of—
(1) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon as- sociated with the Apollo 11 mission, which landed on the lunar surface July 20, 1969, at Mare Tranquillitatis;
(2) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon as- sociated with the Apollo 12 mission, which landed on the lunar surface November 19, 1969, at Oceanus Procellarum;
(3) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon as- sociated with the Apollo 13 mission, which had an instrumentality crash land on the lunar surface April 14, 1970;
(4) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon associated with the Apollo 14 mission, which landed on the lunar surface February 5, 1971, at Fra Mauro;
(5) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon associated with the Apollo 15 mission, which landed on the lunar surface July 30, 1971, at Hadley-Apen-nines;
(6) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon associated with the Apollo 16 mission, which landed on the lunar surface April 21, 1972, at Descartes; and (7) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon associated with the Apollo 17 mission, which landed on the lunar surface December 11, 1972, at Taurus-Littrow.
SEC. 6. ADMINISTRATION.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall administer the Historical Park in accordance with—
(1) this Act;
(2) the laws generally applicable to units of the National Park System, including—
(A) the National Park System Organic Act (16 U.S.C. 1 et seq.); and
(B) the Act of August 21, 1935 (16 U.S.C. 461 et seq.); and
(3) applicable international law and treaties.
(b) GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Administrator, pursuant to the inter- agency management agreement entered into under section
1 7(a), shall jointly complete a general management plan for
2 the Historical Park.
3 (c) DONATIONS; COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—
4 (1) AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER FEDERAL AGEN-
5 CIES.—The Secretary may enter into one or more
6 agreements with the head of a Federal agency to
7 provide public access to, and management, interpre-
8 tation, and historic preservation of, historically sig-
9 nificant Apollo lunar landing site resources under
10 the jurisdiction or control of the Federal agency.
11 (2) DONATIONS; COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—
12 The Secretary may accept donations from, and enter
13 into cooperative agreements with, foreign govern-
14 ments and international bodies, organizations, or in-
15 dividuals to further the purpose of an interagency
16 agreement entered into under paragraph (1) or to
17 provide visitor services and administrative facilities
18 within reasonable proximity to the Historical Park.
19 (3) DONATIONS TO NASA.—For the purposes of
20 this Act, the Administrator may accept, hold, admin-
21 ister, and use gifts, bequests, and devises (including
22 labor and services).
23 SEC. 7. MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT.
24 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the
25 date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Ad-
1 ministrator shall enter into an agreement providing for the
2 primary management of the Historical Park by the Ad-
3 ministrator. The agreement shall delineate the respective
4 duties and responsibilities of the Secretary and the Admin-
5 istrator in managing the Historical Park. Responsibilities
6 of the Administrator shall specifically include—
7 (1) ensuring proper monitoring of the Apollo
8 lunar landing sites;
9 (2) managing access to the sites, including
10 through coordination with other spacefaring nations
11 and entities; and
12 (3) in conjunction with the Director of the
13 Smithsonian Institution, ensuring an accurate cata-
14 loguing of items in the Historical Park.
15 (b) OTHER AGENCIES.—The Secretary and the Ad-
16 ministrator shall consult with other agencies, as needed,
17 to effectively carry out management of the Historical
18 Park.
19 SEC. 8. WORLD HERITAGE SITE DESIGNATION.
20 Not later than 1 year after the establishment of the
21 Historical Park, the Secretary, in consultation with the
22 Administrator, shall submit the Apollo 11 lunar landing
23 site to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
24 Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for designation as a
25 World Heritage Site.
1 SEC. 9. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
2 Nothing in this Act shall be construed to alter or ter-
3 minate any existing agreements between the National Aer-
4 onautics and Space Administration and the Smithsonian
5 Institution concerning the management of National Aero-
6 nautics and Space Administration historical artifacts.
The Full contents of the proposed legislation:
1 to set foot on another celestial body, during the
2 Apollo 11 mission;
3 (2) between 1969 and 1972, Apollo Missions
4 11, 12, 14,15, 16, and 17 all saw American astro-
5 nauts visit the surface of the Moon;
6 (3) the 1970 Apollo 13 mission, which was
7 aborted due to a serious malfunction en route to the
8 Moon, also circled the Moon;
9 (4) the Apollo lunar program was one of the
10 greatest achievements in American history;
11 (5) as commercial enterprises and foreign na-
12 tions acquire the ability to land on the Moon it is
13 necessary to protect the Apollo lunar landing sites
14 for posterity; and
15 (6) establishing the Historical Park under this
16 Act will expand and enhance the protection and
17 preservation of the Apollo lunar landing sites and
18 provide for greater recognition and public under-
19 standing of this singular achievement in American
20 history.
21 SEC. 3. PURPOSES.
22 The purposes of this Act are—
23 (1) to preserve and protect for the benefit of
24 present and future generations the nationally significant historic sites associated with the Historical Park;
(2) to preserve and protect for scientific inquiry the artifacts described in section 5(b); and
(3) to improve public understanding of the Apollo program and its legacy through preservation of the historic resources associated with the Apollo lunar landing sites.
SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Administrator’’ means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(2) APOLLO LUNAR LANDING SITES.—The term ‘‘Apollo lunar landing sites’’ means all areas of the Moon where astronauts and instruments connected to the Apollo program between 1969 and 1972 touched the lunar surface.
(3) HISTORICAL PARK.—The term ‘‘Historical Park’’ means the Apollo Lunar Landing Sites Na- tional Historical Park established under section 5.
(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of the Interior.
SEC. 5. ESTABLISHMENT OF APOLLO LUNAR LANDING SITES NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, there shall be estab- lished as a unit of the National Park System the Apollo Lunar Landing Sites National Historical Park.
(b) PARK COMPONENTS.—The Historical Park may only be comprised, as determined by the Secretary in con- sultation with the Administrator, of—
(1) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon as- sociated with the Apollo 11 mission, which landed on the lunar surface July 20, 1969, at Mare Tranquillitatis;
(2) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon as- sociated with the Apollo 12 mission, which landed on the lunar surface November 19, 1969, at Oceanus Procellarum;
(3) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon as- sociated with the Apollo 13 mission, which had an instrumentality crash land on the lunar surface April 14, 1970;
(4) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon associated with the Apollo 14 mission, which landed on the lunar surface February 5, 1971, at Fra Mauro;
(5) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon associated with the Apollo 15 mission, which landed on the lunar surface July 30, 1971, at Hadley-Apen-nines;
(6) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon associated with the Apollo 16 mission, which landed on the lunar surface April 21, 1972, at Descartes; and (7) the artifacts on the surface of the Moon associated with the Apollo 17 mission, which landed on the lunar surface December 11, 1972, at Taurus-Littrow.
SEC. 6. ADMINISTRATION.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall administer the Historical Park in accordance with—
(1) this Act;
(2) the laws generally applicable to units of the National Park System, including—
(A) the National Park System Organic Act (16 U.S.C. 1 et seq.); and
(B) the Act of August 21, 1935 (16 U.S.C. 461 et seq.); and
(3) applicable international law and treaties.
(b) GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Administrator, pursuant to the inter- agency management agreement entered into under section
1 7(a), shall jointly complete a general management plan for
2 the Historical Park.
3 (c) DONATIONS; COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—
4 (1) AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER FEDERAL AGEN-
5 CIES.—The Secretary may enter into one or more
6 agreements with the head of a Federal agency to
7 provide public access to, and management, interpre-
8 tation, and historic preservation of, historically sig-
9 nificant Apollo lunar landing site resources under
10 the jurisdiction or control of the Federal agency.
11 (2) DONATIONS; COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—
12 The Secretary may accept donations from, and enter
13 into cooperative agreements with, foreign govern-
14 ments and international bodies, organizations, or in-
15 dividuals to further the purpose of an interagency
16 agreement entered into under paragraph (1) or to
17 provide visitor services and administrative facilities
18 within reasonable proximity to the Historical Park.
19 (3) DONATIONS TO NASA.—For the purposes of
20 this Act, the Administrator may accept, hold, admin-
21 ister, and use gifts, bequests, and devises (including
22 labor and services).
23 SEC. 7. MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT.
24 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the
25 date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Ad-
1 ministrator shall enter into an agreement providing for the
2 primary management of the Historical Park by the Ad-
3 ministrator. The agreement shall delineate the respective
4 duties and responsibilities of the Secretary and the Admin-
5 istrator in managing the Historical Park. Responsibilities
6 of the Administrator shall specifically include—
7 (1) ensuring proper monitoring of the Apollo
8 lunar landing sites;
9 (2) managing access to the sites, including
10 through coordination with other spacefaring nations
11 and entities; and
12 (3) in conjunction with the Director of the
13 Smithsonian Institution, ensuring an accurate cata-
14 loguing of items in the Historical Park.
15 (b) OTHER AGENCIES.—The Secretary and the Ad-
16 ministrator shall consult with other agencies, as needed,
17 to effectively carry out management of the Historical
18 Park.
19 SEC. 8. WORLD HERITAGE SITE DESIGNATION.
20 Not later than 1 year after the establishment of the
21 Historical Park, the Secretary, in consultation with the
22 Administrator, shall submit the Apollo 11 lunar landing
23 site to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
24 Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for designation as a
25 World Heritage Site.
1 SEC. 9. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
2 Nothing in this Act shall be construed to alter or ter-
3 minate any existing agreements between the National Aer-
4 onautics and Space Administration and the Smithsonian
5 Institution concerning the management of National Aero-
6 nautics and Space Administration historical artifacts.
自古以来、、、
来源网址
http://spaceindustrynews.com/legislation-proposed-to-make-national-park-of-apollo-moon-landing-sites/
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2013/11/29/3901021.htm
http://spaceindustrynews.com/legislation-proposed-to-make-national-park-of-apollo-moon-landing-sites/
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2013/11/29/3901021.htm
这是想变相占地？？
那么在国家公园里旅游遇到困难，park patrol会来帮助吗
以后的国家公园通票又多了一个去处。
建公园可以，但法理上应该移交联合国管理。如果依旧交给美国管理，那意味着美国国内法在月球的某块土地上适用，这近乎是承认了米国的月球领土主权。
设公园的目的应该不是便于‘旅游’，设置管理权应该是主要目的。比如美国国内立法禁止破坏遗址‘公园’原貌，那么其他国家的探测器、考察站、采矿队如果在此范围内工作必然会违反这一条。那么在地球上的相关组织在与美国的合作中有可能因此受到美国国内法导致的制裁或影响。如果联合国过关，这实际是变相承认美国对该块土地的所有权。
不过我也希望能通过该条法案，月球理论上是全人类的，但是将来涉及到开发还是有一个土地产权确认的问题。美国的申请如果通过可能会导致设立有关在月球上跑马占地的游戏规则的问题。比如俄罗斯要给月球XX号设公园、中国要给嫦娥X号设公园、印度可能会给几块板砖设公园。游戏规则如果真的设定，那有可能会促进新一段月球‘考察’的热潮，也不算是坏事。
设公园的目的应该不是便于‘旅游’，设置管理权应该是主要目的。比如美国国内立法禁止破坏遗址‘公园’原貌，那么其他国家的探测器、考察站、采矿队如果在此范围内工作必然会违反这一条。那么在地球上的相关组织在与美国的合作中有可能因此受到美国国内法导致的制裁或影响。如果联合国过关，这实际是变相承认美国对该块土地的所有权。
不过我也希望能通过该条法案，月球理论上是全人类的，但是将来涉及到开发还是有一个土地产权确认的问题。美国的申请如果通过可能会导致设立有关在月球上跑马占地的游戏规则的问题。比如俄罗斯要给月球XX号设公园、中国要给嫦娥X号设公园、印度可能会给几块板砖设公园。游戏规则如果真的设定，那有可能会促进新一段月球‘考察’的热潮，也不算是坏事。