打假?还是假打?这是一个问题-------析意图伦理(上海老范 ...

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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 40pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">王海打假与</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">意图伦理</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">” <p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">王海打假在前几年曾是传媒的一个热门话题</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">现在好象是时过境迁</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">鲜见有人提及此事</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">不知是市场上假货少了还是王海式的英雄不再热衷此道</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">但根据个人的体验</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">结论明显是后者</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">是我们社会这个大环境难容王海式的英雄</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">或说</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在王海与奸商的斗争中</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">目前是奸商得胜</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">王海出局</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">. <p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">探讨王海们为何失败</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,笔</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">者不得不引出德国学者马克斯</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">‧</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">韦伯的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">意图伦理</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">”(an dthic of intentions </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">又译</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">信念伦理</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">”).</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">马克斯</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">‧</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">韦伯</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">(1864-1920)</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">是宗教社会学的创始人</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">,</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">其代表作为《新教伦理与资本主义精神》.韦伯认为资本主义生产方式的产生除了要有一定的经济原国外,尚需要一定的文化原因.资本主义为何在欧洲的新教占统治地位的国家与地区容易产生并获得迅速发展而在天主教或其化宗教文化地区则困难重重,这是就有一个文化上的原因.而要了解一个民族的先民时期,文化主要以宗教的形态表现或存在.因此,宗教是一个民族文化的核心或基因.为此韦伯先生第一个以科学的方法考察分析了新教、天主教、东正教、犹太教、伊斯兰教以及中国的儒教、道教、印度的佛教、印度教等世界上的主要宗教(一说韦伯未曾对伊斯兰教作过系统研究).为此化认为,西方宗教与东方宗教在本质上是各不相同的,西方宗教的本质禁欲方义,而东方宗教的本质的神秘主义.由于东方宗教在本质上的差别,因此形成了两种不同的伦理学说:西方的"责任伦理"与东方的"意图伦理".</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">什么是"意图伦理"?我们知道,伦理专司善恶,若以意图(动机)来作为判断善恶准绳的伦理体系,是为"意图伦理".相形之下,西方的"责任伦理"就谝重以行事的后果(而非动机)来作为善恶划分的标准了.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">"意图伦理"在中国的儒学文化中具有巨大的、根深蒂固的作用,几成中国人的一集体的无意识行为.在这种观念中成长起来的中国人认为,良好的还是邪恶的意图,对行事的成败几乎具有决定性的作用.虽然行事的后果也很重要,但与动机相比起来只是具有从属的意义.好心办好事这是最理想的:好心办坏事也不该谴责,是可以被谅解的.而坏心办好事也不应得到肯定与赞扬(隋炀帝为赏琼花而挖运河),因为这会鼓励不道德的动机与邪恶习的欲念的泛滥.至于坏心办坏事,那就更应遭天谴与人诛.我们分析上述四种好心与坏心的逻辑关联,就不难察觉到隐含于其中的神秘主义.处于古代的中国儒生在科学尚不昌明的情况下,显然认为善良的动机对后果具有某种神秘的作用,因为儒家理论中"天人感应","感动上苍"的理论是相当发达的.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">"修身,齐家,治国,平天下",是中国儒生十分向往的一条"成功人士"之路,之所以将主观唯心主义的修身养性置于其首,盖因"意图伦理"在中国文化中的核心、基础作用.因为要达到善的意图,要"存天理,去人欲",要狠斗"私"字一闪念,并不是那么容易的.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">"意图伦理"在中国文化中是一个很大的题目,在此等者无法全面展开对它的讨论,为使读者注意到这一以往被忽视的话题,等者仅在此列举一些与有关的现象.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-4-17 20:37:54编辑过]
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 40pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">王海打假与</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">意图伦理</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">” <p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">王海打假在前几年曾是传媒的一个热门话题</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">现在好象是时过境迁</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">鲜见有人提及此事</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">不知是市场上假货少了还是王海式的英雄不再热衷此道</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">但根据个人的体验</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">结论明显是后者</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">是我们社会这个大环境难容王海式的英雄</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">或说</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在王海与奸商的斗争中</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">目前是奸商得胜</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">王海出局</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">. <p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">探讨王海们为何失败</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">,笔</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">者不得不引出德国学者马克斯</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">‧</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">韦伯的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">意图伦理</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">”(an dthic of intentions </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">又译</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">信念伦理</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">”).</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">马克斯</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">‧</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">韦伯</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">(1864-1920)</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">是宗教社会学的创始人</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">,</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">其代表作为《新教伦理与资本主义精神》.韦伯认为资本主义生产方式的产生除了要有一定的经济原国外,尚需要一定的文化原因.资本主义为何在欧洲的新教占统治地位的国家与地区容易产生并获得迅速发展而在天主教或其化宗教文化地区则困难重重,这是就有一个文化上的原因.而要了解一个民族的先民时期,文化主要以宗教的形态表现或存在.因此,宗教是一个民族文化的核心或基因.为此韦伯先生第一个以科学的方法考察分析了新教、天主教、东正教、犹太教、伊斯兰教以及中国的儒教、道教、印度的佛教、印度教等世界上的主要宗教(一说韦伯未曾对伊斯兰教作过系统研究).为此化认为,西方宗教与东方宗教在本质上是各不相同的,西方宗教的本质禁欲方义,而东方宗教的本质的神秘主义.由于东方宗教在本质上的差别,因此形成了两种不同的伦理学说:西方的"责任伦理"与东方的"意图伦理".</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">什么是"意图伦理"?我们知道,伦理专司善恶,若以意图(动机)来作为判断善恶准绳的伦理体系,是为"意图伦理".相形之下,西方的"责任伦理"就谝重以行事的后果(而非动机)来作为善恶划分的标准了.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">"意图伦理"在中国的儒学文化中具有巨大的、根深蒂固的作用,几成中国人的一集体的无意识行为.在这种观念中成长起来的中国人认为,良好的还是邪恶的意图,对行事的成败几乎具有决定性的作用.虽然行事的后果也很重要,但与动机相比起来只是具有从属的意义.好心办好事这是最理想的:好心办坏事也不该谴责,是可以被谅解的.而坏心办好事也不应得到肯定与赞扬(隋炀帝为赏琼花而挖运河),因为这会鼓励不道德的动机与邪恶习的欲念的泛滥.至于坏心办坏事,那就更应遭天谴与人诛.我们分析上述四种好心与坏心的逻辑关联,就不难察觉到隐含于其中的神秘主义.处于古代的中国儒生在科学尚不昌明的情况下,显然认为善良的动机对后果具有某种神秘的作用,因为儒家理论中"天人感应","感动上苍"的理论是相当发达的.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">"修身,齐家,治国,平天下",是中国儒生十分向往的一条"成功人士"之路,之所以将主观唯心主义的修身养性置于其首,盖因"意图伦理"在中国文化中的核心、基础作用.因为要达到善的意图,要"存天理,去人欲",要狠斗"私"字一闪念,并不是那么容易的.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">"意图伦理"在中国文化中是一个很大的题目,在此等者无法全面展开对它的讨论,为使读者注意到这一以往被忽视的话题,等者仅在此列举一些与有关的现象.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-4-17 20:37:54编辑过]
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-4-6 15:22:54编辑过]
是啊,试问有多少打假者面对政府部门“脱离生活需要,以谋利为目的的非理性消费。因此诉讼请求不予支持”的判决时,不会产生一种悲从中来的心态~
当中有不少错别字。
<div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>上海老范</i>在2006-4-6 15:12:00的发言:</b><br/>当中有不少错别字。</div><p></p>文员打的,上午出去了没来得及审核,对不起
<p>下次谁和我辩论千万别扯什么动机</p>
<p>我思故我顶,我顶故我在</p>
轰炸东京是老板哈,,转文章还有文员帮忙。羡慕[em07]
<div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>462532169</i>在2006-4-17 9:01:00的发言:</b><br/>轰炸东京是老板哈,,转文章还有文员帮忙。羡慕[em07]</div><p></p>我是老板就好了,不用在这日捱夜捱
改个标题,再顶出来招摇下