【转】龙腾网：金砖四国正成为世界上新的全球海军

The BRIC countries are becoming the world’s new global navy 金砖四国正成为世界上新全球海军 【日期】2013年5月17日

【链接】http://qz.com/85847/the-bric-cou ... navy/#ixzz2TZhqd

原文地址：http://qz.com/85847/the-bric-cou ... navy/#ixzz2TZhqdLUO

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Aboard the Indian Navy shipViraat.

在印度军舰Viraat上

Offshore from Syria,Russia’snavy is conducting probably its largest naval deployment outside its own waters since theSoviet breakup. The Chinese navy is in another potential confrontation today with Japan in the East China Sea, and raising questions about where it is headed next.

在叙利亚近海，俄罗斯正在指挥着大概是苏联解体以来，俄罗斯在俄海域外最大的海军部署。中国海军目前在东中国海域正与日本处在另一个潜在的对抗中，并且正在引导着问题升级。

But the BRIC nations as a whole—a force in theglobal economic conversation since the acronym was coined by Goldman Sachs to refer to thehigh-growth economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China—are becoming anincreasing naval presence on the high seas. One reason is simple nature—whennations become wealthier, they tend to build up their fighting capabilities.But another is natural resources—all four nations either want to buy or selloil and natural gas, and they are venturing further and further to do so.

但是金砖四国作为一个整体、全球经济对话中的一种力量（自从高盛集团用这个缩写指代巴西，俄罗斯，印度和中国这些高速增长的经济体），已经变成了公海上正在增强的海军力量。其中一个原因很简单，当国家变得富有，它们就会倾向于建立自己的武装力量。但另一个原因则是自然资源：所有的这四个国家不是想买就是想卖石油、天然气，并且为了这个目的而进一步冒险。

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A paradox is that while the shift challenges US primacy on the high seas, the USitself—because of its oil and gas boom—is driving part of the BRIC naval expansion.

自相矛盾的是，当这种转变挑战美国在公海上的领先地位时，美国自己却因为对石油和天然气的需求热潮，反而驱动着金砖四国中部分国家的海军扩张。

Becauseit is providing for more and more of its own energy requirements, the US isimporting much less African and Middle East crude, and the chief new buyersreplacing it are BRIC nations—the US is about to be displaced by India as thelargest buyer of Nigerian crude oil, for example. “It is only a matter of timebefore we see Indian ships in the South Atlantic [to patrol the coast of WestAfrica],” Brahma Chellaney, of the Center for Policy Research in New Delhi, told the Financial Times.

因为美国出现了越来越多对其自身资源的需求，美国从非洲和中东进口的原油大量减少，而代替美国成为这些原油主要买家的国家就是金砖国家。比如，美国作为尼日利亚原油的最大买家地位已经基本上被印度替代。“我们看到印度船在南大西洋（在西非海岸巡逻）只是时间问题” 位于新德里的政策研究中心的Brahma Chellaney这样告诉金融时报（记者）。

Sucha shift—an expansion of Indian forces from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic—would be huge. But so is the entirety of theBRIC naval activity. Russiahas been a maritime power since Peter the Great, and ZhengHe made China a major15thcentury naval power. But Russiaall-but stopped venturing outside former Soviet waters in 1992, and China has notfielded a major navy in the six centuries since Zheng He. Brazil and India have largely stuck to theirown shores.

印度的势力从印度洋到大西洋的扩张，这将是一个很大的转变。但是整个金砖四国的海军活动都会如此。俄罗斯自从彼得大帝时代就一直是海上强国，郑和下西洋使中国成为了15世纪海上的主要力量。但是俄罗斯在1992年停止了在前苏联海域之外的冒险行为，而中国从郑和下西洋以后的6个世纪中都没有派出过主力海军。巴西和印度则大部分严守自己的海岸。

Beijing’s and Moscow’snaval assertiveness, particularly in Syriaand the South and East China seas, attractsmost of the attention. But Indiais building a second aircraft carrier, and may have three by2020, along with four nuclear-powered submarines and various other modernships. In 2012, India dispatched warships to the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea andthe western Mediterranean. And in 2008 and2010, India and Brazil conducted jointnaval operations with South Africa on the Indian Ocean side of Africa.

北京和莫斯科的海上霸权，尤其是在叙利亚和南中国海以及东中国海的行动，吸引了绝大多数的注意力。但是印度已经在建造它的第二艘航母，并且在2020年可能拥有第三艘，以及4艘核潜艇和其他各种现代船舰。2012年，印度出动军舰到非洲之角、红海以及地中海西部。在2008年和2010年印度、巴西和南非一起，在印度洋非洲一侧主导了海军联合行动。

InNovember 2012, some 10,000 Brazilian sailors and soldiers conducted an exercisecalled “Operation Atlantico 3,” meant to demonstrate the country’sability to defend its offshore oilfields.

在2012年11月，约1万名巴西士兵和海军进行了名为“大西洋作业3”的演习，意在展示本国保护沿海油田的实力。

Agreater BRIC role on global trade routes is not a negative development for the US, says Ely Ratner of the Center for a NewAmerican Security in Washington, DC.

对于美国来说，金砖四国在全球贸易路线中扮演越来越重要的角色并不是一种负面的发展，华盛顿的新美国安全中心的Ely Ratner如是说。

“There’sno reason the American taxpayer should be subsidizing the freedom of navigationin the Indian Ocean when emerging powers like China and India are bothincreasingly capable of providing this service and are the primarybeneficiaries of open sea lanes between Africa, the Middle East and Asia,”Ratner told me in an email exchange. “These trends will only become moreprominent as the United States becomes even less reliant on directaccess to Middle Eastern oil.”

“作为非洲、中东和亚洲公海航线的受益人，比如中国和印度这些新兴力量，当它们都在提升自己保护这篇海域航行自由的能力的时候，美国的纳税人没有理由为印度洋的航行自由支付补助金”Ratner 在一封邮件中这样告诉我。“随着美国越来越少的依赖于与中东石油的直接互换，这些趋势会变得更加明显”。
金砖四国正成为世界上新的全球海军

The BRIC countries are becoming the world’s new global navy 金砖四国正成为世界上新全球海军 【日期】2013年5月17日

【链接】http://qz.com/85847/the-bric-cou ... navy/#ixzz2TZhqd

原文地址：http://qz.com/85847/the-bric-cou ... navy/#ixzz2TZhqdLUO

150815wikkqw5gl8mg7mk7.jpg (106.84 KB, 下载次数: 0)

下载附件 保存到相册

2013-5-30 18:28 上传

Aboard the Indian Navy shipViraat.

在印度军舰Viraat上

Offshore from Syria,Russia’snavy is conducting probably its largest naval deployment outside its own waters since theSoviet breakup. The Chinese navy is in another potential confrontation today with Japan in the East China Sea, and raising questions about where it is headed next.

在叙利亚近海，俄罗斯正在指挥着大概是苏联解体以来，俄罗斯在俄海域外最大的海军部署。中国海军目前在东中国海域正与日本处在另一个潜在的对抗中，并且正在引导着问题升级。

But the BRIC nations as a whole—a force in theglobal economic conversation since the acronym was coined by Goldman Sachs to refer to thehigh-growth economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China—are becoming anincreasing naval presence on the high seas. One reason is simple nature—whennations become wealthier, they tend to build up their fighting capabilities.But another is natural resources—all four nations either want to buy or selloil and natural gas, and they are venturing further and further to do so.

但是金砖四国作为一个整体、全球经济对话中的一种力量（自从高盛集团用这个缩写指代巴西，俄罗斯，印度和中国这些高速增长的经济体），已经变成了公海上正在增强的海军力量。其中一个原因很简单，当国家变得富有，它们就会倾向于建立自己的武装力量。但另一个原因则是自然资源：所有的这四个国家不是想买就是想卖石油、天然气，并且为了这个目的而进一步冒险。

-
A paradox is that while the shift challenges US primacy on the high seas, the USitself—because of its oil and gas boom—is driving part of the BRIC naval expansion.

自相矛盾的是，当这种转变挑战美国在公海上的领先地位时，美国自己却因为对石油和天然气的需求热潮，反而驱动着金砖四国中部分国家的海军扩张。

Becauseit is providing for more and more of its own energy requirements, the US isimporting much less African and Middle East crude, and the chief new buyersreplacing it are BRIC nations—the US is about to be displaced by India as thelargest buyer of Nigerian crude oil, for example. “It is only a matter of timebefore we see Indian ships in the South Atlantic [to patrol the coast of WestAfrica],” Brahma Chellaney, of the Center for Policy Research in New Delhi, told the Financial Times.

因为美国出现了越来越多对其自身资源的需求，美国从非洲和中东进口的原油大量减少，而代替美国成为这些原油主要买家的国家就是金砖国家。比如，美国作为尼日利亚原油的最大买家地位已经基本上被印度替代。“我们看到印度船在南大西洋（在西非海岸巡逻）只是时间问题” 位于新德里的政策研究中心的Brahma Chellaney这样告诉金融时报（记者）。

Sucha shift—an expansion of Indian forces from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic—would be huge. But so is the entirety of theBRIC naval activity. Russiahas been a maritime power since Peter the Great, and ZhengHe made China a major15thcentury naval power. But Russiaall-but stopped venturing outside former Soviet waters in 1992, and China has notfielded a major navy in the six centuries since Zheng He. Brazil and India have largely stuck to theirown shores.

印度的势力从印度洋到大西洋的扩张，这将是一个很大的转变。但是整个金砖四国的海军活动都会如此。俄罗斯自从彼得大帝时代就一直是海上强国，郑和下西洋使中国成为了15世纪海上的主要力量。但是俄罗斯在1992年停止了在前苏联海域之外的冒险行为，而中国从郑和下西洋以后的6个世纪中都没有派出过主力海军。巴西和印度则大部分严守自己的海岸。

Beijing’s and Moscow’snaval assertiveness, particularly in Syriaand the South and East China seas, attractsmost of the attention. But Indiais building a second aircraft carrier, and may have three by2020, along with four nuclear-powered submarines and various other modernships. In 2012, India dispatched warships to the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea andthe western Mediterranean. And in 2008 and2010, India and Brazil conducted jointnaval operations with South Africa on the Indian Ocean side of Africa.

北京和莫斯科的海上霸权，尤其是在叙利亚和南中国海以及东中国海的行动，吸引了绝大多数的注意力。但是印度已经在建造它的第二艘航母，并且在2020年可能拥有第三艘，以及4艘核潜艇和其他各种现代船舰。2012年，印度出动军舰到非洲之角、红海以及地中海西部。在2008年和2010年印度、巴西和南非一起，在印度洋非洲一侧主导了海军联合行动。

InNovember 2012, some 10,000 Brazilian sailors and soldiers conducted an exercisecalled “Operation Atlantico 3,” meant to demonstrate the country’sability to defend its offshore oilfields.

在2012年11月，约1万名巴西士兵和海军进行了名为“大西洋作业3”的演习，意在展示本国保护沿海油田的实力。

Agreater BRIC role on global trade routes is not a negative development for the US, says Ely Ratner of the Center for a NewAmerican Security in Washington, DC.

对于美国来说，金砖四国在全球贸易路线中扮演越来越重要的角色并不是一种负面的发展，华盛顿的新美国安全中心的Ely Ratner如是说。

“There’sno reason the American taxpayer should be subsidizing the freedom of navigationin the Indian Ocean when emerging powers like China and India are bothincreasingly capable of providing this service and are the primarybeneficiaries of open sea lanes between Africa, the Middle East and Asia,”Ratner told me in an email exchange. “These trends will only become moreprominent as the United States becomes even less reliant on directaccess to Middle Eastern oil.”

“作为非洲、中东和亚洲公海航线的受益人，比如中国和印度这些新兴力量，当它们都在提升自己保护这篇海域航行自由的能力的时候，美国的纳税人没有理由为印度洋的航行自由支付补助金”Ratner 在一封邮件中这样告诉我。“随着美国越来越少的依赖于与中东石油的直接互换，这些趋势会变得更加明显”。