超级军网中国人生活水准达到“上半区”
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/28 14:26:11
原文地址：http://www.defence.pk/forums/china-far-east/250913-only-30-2-worlds-population-has-higher-gdp-per-capita-than-china.html 龙腾
Only 30.2 percent of the world's population has a higher GDP per capita than China
世界只有30.2%的人口的人均GDP高于中国
The truth about China, statistically speaking
By John Ross
统计学上的有关于中国的事实-中国网
囧.罗斯 2013年5月7日
China's economic achievement is so enormous, indeed literally without parallel in human history, that it is sometimes difficult for people to take in its scale. A country which in 1978, when "reform and opening up" was launched, was one of the poorest in the world, has now reached a point where it has a higher GDP per capita than the countries containing the majority of the world's population. Only 30 percent of the world's population now lives in countries with higher per capita GDP than China.
中国的经济成就是如此巨大，在人类历史上确实是独一无二的，以至有时候让人难以接受他的规模。这个国家1978年时开始改革开放时是世界上最穷的国家之一，而现今他的人均GDP超过世界人口的大多数国家。现在只有30%的世界人口生活在人均GDP高于中国的国家。
To give absolutely precise numbers, drawing on the newly published data for the world economy in 2012 released by the IMF, the chart shows that by 2012, only 30.2 percent of the world's population lived in countries with a higher GDP per capita than China, while 50.2 percent lived in countries with a lower one. China itself constituted 19.6 percent of the world's population at this time.
要得到绝对精确的数据，可以借鉴国际货币基金组织发布的最新“全球经济数据2012”，图标显示，只有30.2%的世界人口生活在人均GDP比中国高的国家，而50.0%的人口生活在比中国低的国家。此时，中国本身占世界人口的19.6%。
China is, therefore, now in the top half of the world as far as economic development is concerned, and to avoid any suggestions of exaggeration, it should be made clear that these comparisons are at the current market exchange rate measures usually used in China – although calculations in parity purchasing powers (PPPs), which are the measure preferred by the majority of Western economists, makes no significant difference to the result.
因此现在的中国处于世界经济发展的上半部分，为了避免任何夸张的成分，必须澄清这些比较是在中国通常采用以当前市场汇率换算的方式做出的，尽管以购买力平价的计算是多数西方经济学家的首选，结果却没什么不同。
The chart also illustrates China's extraordinary progress. In 1978, when "reform and opening up" began, only 0.5 percent of the global population lived in countries with a lower GDP per capita than China, while 73.5 percent lived in countries with a higher GDP per capita. The transition to a situation where China has overtaken the majority of the world's population in per capita GDP is the greatest economic transformation in human history, both in terms of the short time frame required and number of people affected.
图表也表明了中国非凡的进步。1978年，改革开放刚开始的时候，只有0.5%的全球人口生活在人均GDP比中国低的国家，而73.5%生活在人均GDP比中国高的国家。中国的人均GDP超越大多数世界人口的过程是人类历史上最伟大的经济转型，无论是在如此短的时间内，还是受影响的人口数量。
Given that the data clearly shows China has progressed into the top half of the world economy in terms of economic development, why do some persist with misrepresenting China as being "in the middle" or even more misleadingly dubbing it a "poor" country by international standards?
这些数据清晰地表明中国已经进入到世界经济发展的上半部分，为什么一些人坚持歪曲为中国处于“中段”位置，甚至更多人以国际标准误导性地配给中国一个“穷”字。
Such misrepresentations make elementary statistical errors which are familiar to those who analyze income distribution data. For example the following argument is sometimes presented: The IMF World Economic Outlook database gives GDP per capita statistics for 188 countries with China ranking 94th – therefore China is "in the middle". Another sometimes-cited statistic compares China to the world average – in 2012 China's GDP per capita was 59 percent of this average figure – making China appear a "poor" country.
这种歪曲事实让那些熟悉基本统计误差的人对收入分配数据进行分析。例如以下说法有时呈现：国际货币基金组织“世界经济展望”数据库统计的188个国家的人均GDP，中国排名第94位，因此中国处于“中段”位置。另一个时常被引用的将中国与世界平均进行比较的统计-—2012年中国的人均GDP是世界平均数的59%，因此中国是一个穷国。
原文地址：http://www.defence.pk/forums/china-far-east/250913-only-30-2-worlds-population-has-higher-gdp-per-capita-than-china.html 龙腾
Only 30.2 percent of the world's population has a higher GDP per capita than China
世界只有30.2%的人口的人均GDP高于中国
The truth about China, statistically speaking
By John Ross
统计学上的有关于中国的事实-中国网
囧.罗斯 2013年5月7日
China's economic achievement is so enormous, indeed literally without parallel in human history, that it is sometimes difficult for people to take in its scale. A country which in 1978, when "reform and opening up" was launched, was one of the poorest in the world, has now reached a point where it has a higher GDP per capita than the countries containing the majority of the world's population. Only 30 percent of the world's population now lives in countries with higher per capita GDP than China.
中国的经济成就是如此巨大，在人类历史上确实是独一无二的，以至有时候让人难以接受他的规模。这个国家1978年时开始改革开放时是世界上最穷的国家之一，而现今他的人均GDP超过世界人口的大多数国家。现在只有30%的世界人口生活在人均GDP高于中国的国家。
To give absolutely precise numbers, drawing on the newly published data for the world economy in 2012 released by the IMF, the chart shows that by 2012, only 30.2 percent of the world's population lived in countries with a higher GDP per capita than China, while 50.2 percent lived in countries with a lower one. China itself constituted 19.6 percent of the world's population at this time.
要得到绝对精确的数据，可以借鉴国际货币基金组织发布的最新“全球经济数据2012”，图标显示，只有30.2%的世界人口生活在人均GDP比中国高的国家，而50.0%的人口生活在比中国低的国家。此时，中国本身占世界人口的19.6%。
China is, therefore, now in the top half of the world as far as economic development is concerned, and to avoid any suggestions of exaggeration, it should be made clear that these comparisons are at the current market exchange rate measures usually used in China – although calculations in parity purchasing powers (PPPs), which are the measure preferred by the majority of Western economists, makes no significant difference to the result.
因此现在的中国处于世界经济发展的上半部分，为了避免任何夸张的成分，必须澄清这些比较是在中国通常采用以当前市场汇率换算的方式做出的，尽管以购买力平价的计算是多数西方经济学家的首选，结果却没什么不同。
The chart also illustrates China's extraordinary progress. In 1978, when "reform and opening up" began, only 0.5 percent of the global population lived in countries with a lower GDP per capita than China, while 73.5 percent lived in countries with a higher GDP per capita. The transition to a situation where China has overtaken the majority of the world's population in per capita GDP is the greatest economic transformation in human history, both in terms of the short time frame required and number of people affected.
图表也表明了中国非凡的进步。1978年，改革开放刚开始的时候，只有0.5%的全球人口生活在人均GDP比中国低的国家，而73.5%生活在人均GDP比中国高的国家。中国的人均GDP超越大多数世界人口的过程是人类历史上最伟大的经济转型，无论是在如此短的时间内，还是受影响的人口数量。
Given that the data clearly shows China has progressed into the top half of the world economy in terms of economic development, why do some persist with misrepresenting China as being "in the middle" or even more misleadingly dubbing it a "poor" country by international standards?
这些数据清晰地表明中国已经进入到世界经济发展的上半部分，为什么一些人坚持歪曲为中国处于“中段”位置，甚至更多人以国际标准误导性地配给中国一个“穷”字。
Such misrepresentations make elementary statistical errors which are familiar to those who analyze income distribution data. For example the following argument is sometimes presented: The IMF World Economic Outlook database gives GDP per capita statistics for 188 countries with China ranking 94th – therefore China is "in the middle". Another sometimes-cited statistic compares China to the world average – in 2012 China's GDP per capita was 59 percent of this average figure – making China appear a "poor" country.
这种歪曲事实让那些熟悉基本统计误差的人对收入分配数据进行分析。例如以下说法有时呈现：国际货币基金组织“世界经济展望”数据库统计的188个国家的人均GDP，中国排名第94位，因此中国处于“中段”位置。另一个时常被引用的将中国与世界平均进行比较的统计-—2012年中国的人均GDP是世界平均数的59%，因此中国是一个穷国。
The problem with this "list" method is that it does not take population into account. For example, the Caribbean state St Kitts and Nevis, population 57,000, has a higher GDP per capita than China while India, population 1.223 billion, has a lower one. To say China is "between the two", as though St Kitts and Nevis and India represent equivalent weights in the world economy, is playing games with words rather than carrying out serious analysis. This elementary statistical rule is particularly relevant given that the number of developed economies with small populations is disproportionately large. The population of countries must therefore be taken into account when calculating China's real relative position in the world economy.
这个列清单的方法的问题是它没有考虑人口数量。例如，加勒比国家圣基茨和尼维斯人口数为5.7万，其人均GDP比中国高，而印度有12.23亿人，人均GDP更低。说中国处于两者之间，而圣基茨和尼维斯与印度代表世界经济的当量，其开玩笑的成分比严肃的分析更大。这一基本统计规则与人口较少的发达经济体的数量不成比例的大特别相关。因此，在计算中国在世界经济中国真实相对位置时应该将国家们的人口数考虑进去。
The second mistake, comparing China to the "average", makes an error so well known in income distribution statistics that it is somewhat surprising anyone gives it any credence, let alone continues to propose it.
第二个错误，将中国和世界平均比较，使收入构成统计的错误众所周知，令人惊讶的是还有人给予其信任，更不用继续提出。
Statisticians know that averages, technically speaking the "mean", can be disproportionately affected by small numbers of extreme values. It is well known that this applies to incomes within countries as small numbers of billionaires artificially raise average incomes in a way that misrepresents the real situation.
统计学家都知道，少数极端值的平均值，技术上来解释，会造成不成比例的巨大影响。众所周知的是，将国家内部的少数亿万富翁的所得当做国民所得，如此人为地提高人均收入的方式扭曲了真实情况。
This statistical distortion is clear from international data. Average world GDP per capita, that is world GDP divided by the number of people, is slightly more than $10,000 per year. But only 29.9 percent of the world's population lives in countries with GDP per capita above that level while 70.1 percent live in countries below it. Something with only 29.9 percent above and 70.1 percent below is not most people's idea of an average!
这些统计失真明确来自国际数据。世界人均GDP，就是世界总GDP除以总人口数，略超过1万美元/年。但是只有29.9的世界人口生活在高于此平均数的国家，而70.1%的生活在低于平均数的国家。而这并不是人们所认为的平均数。
What most people understand by an average, the mid-point, is, in proper statistical terms, not the average but the median. Reputable studies on income distribution, therefore, almost invariably use the median, not averages, to avoid this distorting effect of small numbers of extreme values. Using the statistically misleading average, instead of the mid-point, bizarrely transforms the real situation – that China now has a GDP per capita above that of the majority of the world's population – into giving the impression that China is a poor country!
那什么事大多数人所认为的平均数呢，中点，是在适当的统计规则下，不是平均数，而是中位数。权威的收入分配研究几乎无一例外地使用中位数，而不是平均数，以避免这种小数量的极端值得出失真影响。使用统计学误导的平均值，而不是中位值，真实情况异乎寻常的转变，即现今中国的人均GDP高于大多数世界人口，而给人的印象是中国仍是一个穷国！
There are three main reasons why it is important to accurately present China's level of development.
为什么准确地呈现中国的发展水平很重要，主要有三个原因。
First, policy must be based on accurate analysis – in serious matters there is no virtue in either optimism or pessimism, only in realism. As the famous Chinese phrase tells us, it is better to seek truth from facts.
首先，正常必须基于准确的分析，没有凭借乐观和悲观，只有现实主义。中国有名的成语告诉我们，最好要实事求是，从事实中寻找真相。
Second, accurate presentation is necessary to clearly understand the real economic challenges China faces. For example China's GDP per capita is now higher than all developing South and South East Asian countries except Malaysia – clarifying why any competitive strategy for China based on low wages is unviable.
其次，准确地呈现对于清晰地理解中国所面临的经济挑战是有必要的。例如中国现今的人均GDP高于除了马来西亚以外的南亚和东南亚所有发展中国家，澄清为什么与中国拼低工资的竞争战略是不可行的。
Third, China's position in the top half of the world in terms of GDP per capita makes clear its technological level – China's economy is now dominated by medium, not low, technology.
第三，中国的人均GDP处于世界的上半部分表明了他的技术水平，即中国经济现今处于中等水平，不是低技术。
这个列清单的方法的问题是它没有考虑人口数量。例如，加勒比国家圣基茨和尼维斯人口数为5.7万，其人均GDP比中国高，而印度有12.23亿人，人均GDP更低。说中国处于两者之间，而圣基茨和尼维斯与印度代表世界经济的当量，其开玩笑的成分比严肃的分析更大。这一基本统计规则与人口较少的发达经济体的数量不成比例的大特别相关。因此，在计算中国在世界经济中国真实相对位置时应该将国家们的人口数考虑进去。
The second mistake, comparing China to the "average", makes an error so well known in income distribution statistics that it is somewhat surprising anyone gives it any credence, let alone continues to propose it.
第二个错误，将中国和世界平均比较，使收入构成统计的错误众所周知，令人惊讶的是还有人给予其信任，更不用继续提出。
Statisticians know that averages, technically speaking the "mean", can be disproportionately affected by small numbers of extreme values. It is well known that this applies to incomes within countries as small numbers of billionaires artificially raise average incomes in a way that misrepresents the real situation.
统计学家都知道，少数极端值的平均值，技术上来解释，会造成不成比例的巨大影响。众所周知的是，将国家内部的少数亿万富翁的所得当做国民所得，如此人为地提高人均收入的方式扭曲了真实情况。
This statistical distortion is clear from international data. Average world GDP per capita, that is world GDP divided by the number of people, is slightly more than $10,000 per year. But only 29.9 percent of the world's population lives in countries with GDP per capita above that level while 70.1 percent live in countries below it. Something with only 29.9 percent above and 70.1 percent below is not most people's idea of an average!
这些统计失真明确来自国际数据。世界人均GDP，就是世界总GDP除以总人口数，略超过1万美元/年。但是只有29.9的世界人口生活在高于此平均数的国家，而70.1%的生活在低于平均数的国家。而这并不是人们所认为的平均数。
What most people understand by an average, the mid-point, is, in proper statistical terms, not the average but the median. Reputable studies on income distribution, therefore, almost invariably use the median, not averages, to avoid this distorting effect of small numbers of extreme values. Using the statistically misleading average, instead of the mid-point, bizarrely transforms the real situation – that China now has a GDP per capita above that of the majority of the world's population – into giving the impression that China is a poor country!
那什么事大多数人所认为的平均数呢，中点，是在适当的统计规则下，不是平均数，而是中位数。权威的收入分配研究几乎无一例外地使用中位数，而不是平均数，以避免这种小数量的极端值得出失真影响。使用统计学误导的平均值，而不是中位值，真实情况异乎寻常的转变，即现今中国的人均GDP高于大多数世界人口，而给人的印象是中国仍是一个穷国！
There are three main reasons why it is important to accurately present China's level of development.
为什么准确地呈现中国的发展水平很重要，主要有三个原因。
First, policy must be based on accurate analysis – in serious matters there is no virtue in either optimism or pessimism, only in realism. As the famous Chinese phrase tells us, it is better to seek truth from facts.
首先，正常必须基于准确的分析，没有凭借乐观和悲观，只有现实主义。中国有名的成语告诉我们，最好要实事求是，从事实中寻找真相。
Second, accurate presentation is necessary to clearly understand the real economic challenges China faces. For example China's GDP per capita is now higher than all developing South and South East Asian countries except Malaysia – clarifying why any competitive strategy for China based on low wages is unviable.
其次，准确地呈现对于清晰地理解中国所面临的经济挑战是有必要的。例如中国现今的人均GDP高于除了马来西亚以外的南亚和东南亚所有发展中国家，澄清为什么与中国拼低工资的竞争战略是不可行的。
Third, China's position in the top half of the world in terms of GDP per capita makes clear its technological level – China's economy is now dominated by medium, not low, technology.
第三，中国的人均GDP处于世界的上半部分表明了他的技术水平，即中国经济现今处于中等水平，不是低技术。
有百分之多少生活在人均收入比中国高的国家呢？？收入而不是GDP。
Does an accurate presentation of China's real level of development endanger its international legal status as a developing economy? The World Bank has not yet published new criteria for the GDP per capita necessary to qualify as an "advanced" economy, but the 2011 criteria and statistical data is available and it tells us that the answer to the question is "no". To classify as "high income", an economy must have an annual GDP per capita of slightly more than $12,000. Only 16 percent of the world's population lives in such economies. It will take 10-15 years for China to achieve "high income" status – although when it does this will more than double the number of people living in such economies.
准确地呈现中国的实际发展水平是否会危及其作为一个发展中经济体的国际法定地位呢？世界银行尚未发布新的关于界定先进经济体人均GDP的标准,但是2011年的标准和统计数据是可用的，它告诉我们问题的答案是“没有”。归类为“高收入”，经济必须达到人均GDP高过1.2万美金，只有16%的世界人口生活在这样的经济体。中国将需要10到15年达到这一“高收入”状态。当他达到这一水平时，世界生活在这样的经济体的人口数将会翻番。
Achieving the "Chinese dream" requires that the present reality is accurately understood. China has entered the top half of the world's level of economic development. Only 30 percent of the world's population lives in countries with a higher GDP per capita than China. That is the accurate analysis of China's relative position in the world economy. To achieve the "Chinese dream" requires eliminating not only any exaggerated bombast but also any systematic underestimation."
实现“中国梦”的要求是准确地理解目前的现实。中国已经进入世界经济发展水平的上半部分。世界只有30.2%的人口的人均GDP高于中国，这才是对中国在世界经济中的准确位置的正确分析。要实现“中国梦”的要求是消除任何夸张的高调，以及任何系统性低估。
准确地呈现中国的实际发展水平是否会危及其作为一个发展中经济体的国际法定地位呢？世界银行尚未发布新的关于界定先进经济体人均GDP的标准,但是2011年的标准和统计数据是可用的，它告诉我们问题的答案是“没有”。归类为“高收入”，经济必须达到人均GDP高过1.2万美金，只有16%的世界人口生活在这样的经济体。中国将需要10到15年达到这一“高收入”状态。当他达到这一水平时，世界生活在这样的经济体的人口数将会翻番。
Achieving the "Chinese dream" requires that the present reality is accurately understood. China has entered the top half of the world's level of economic development. Only 30 percent of the world's population lives in countries with a higher GDP per capita than China. That is the accurate analysis of China's relative position in the world economy. To achieve the "Chinese dream" requires eliminating not only any exaggerated bombast but also any systematic underestimation."
实现“中国梦”的要求是准确地理解目前的现实。中国已经进入世界经济发展水平的上半部分。世界只有30.2%的人口的人均GDP高于中国，这才是对中国在世界经济中的准确位置的正确分析。要实现“中国梦”的要求是消除任何夸张的高调，以及任何系统性低估。
和那些发达国家比是有很大差距的，不过中国人民真的很勤劳的。但是用发达国家的标准，中国人付出和所得是不成比例的（官员，红顶家族们除外）。
2011年世界人口达到70亿了，同时2011年世界年发电量达到220181亿度，这样算下来2011年世界人均发电量达到3145度/人；2012年中国大陆人口达到13.4亿，2012年中国大陆的年发电量达到49400亿度，2012年中国人均发电量达到3686度/人。
总的说来中国的经济水平略好于世界平均水平。
总的说来中国的经济水平略好于世界平均水平。
的确如此啊！
中国进步太大了！
大多数家庭都已经有了自有住宅，很多还有投资房。
就算四线城市也开始拥堵了，买车已经属于必需品消费了！
中国进步太大了！
大多数家庭都已经有了自有住宅，很多还有投资房。
就算四线城市也开始拥堵了，买车已经属于必需品消费了！