为什么印度铁路效率低下

印度rediff网站：印度铁路为何始终效率低下
Why Indian Railways continues to remain inefficient
原文链接：http://www.rediff.com/money/slide-show/slide-show-1-budget-rail-column-railways-continues-to-remain-inefficient/20130315.htm
龙腾

Image: A new high-speed train is pictured before it departs from the Beijing-South railway station for Shanghai.
Photographs: David Gray/Reuters.
图片：一辆刚刚从北京火车南站出发前往上海的崭新的高速列车
图片由路透社David Gray提供
* In the 66 years since Independence, the country has added only 13,000 km of new railway line. The finances of the Railways are in dire need of repair, says Bhupesh Bhandari comparing Indian Railways with the Chinese Railway.
The Chinese government has decided to dismantle its railway ministry. The commercial operations will be taken over by a new company called China Railway Corp, while the regulatory functions will be entrusted to the transport ministry.
The move is aimed to improve efficiency and stamp out corruption. The quality of the service has to be raised to meet the expectations of the country's rising affluent class.
The ministry had for long resisted reforms. It was a law unto itself. People would call it "Boss Railway".
自独立后的66年以来，印度的新增加的铁路里程仅仅13000公里，印度铁路的财政问题急需解决，Bhupesh Bhandari在比较中印铁路时说道。
中国政府决定取消铁道部，铁路的商务运营将由新成立的中铁公司接管，而管理职能将交由交通部管理
这项举措的目的在于提高效率和消除贪腐。服务的质量也要提高，以满足中国可以预期的冉冉升起的富裕阶层。
中国铁道部曾长期抗拒改革，它自己制定规则，人们都称之为“铁老大”

Image: CRH380 (China Railway High-speed) Harmony bullet trains are seen at a high-speed train maintenance base in Wuhan, Hubei province.
Photographs: Reuters.
图片：停放在湖北武汉高铁检修基地的CRH380(译者注：CRH即为英语‘中国高铁’的首字母)和谐号子弹头列车
图片由路透社提供
The Chinese government had started separating state companies from regulatory bodies 15 years ago. It is only now that the railway ministry's turn has come. It gives you an idea of how powerful the ministry must have been.
Corruption is the largest issue there. A senior functionary related to the bullet train network was removed from office two years ago amid charges of bribery.
One allegation against him, a newspaper reported, was that he had 18 mistresses! Another high-ranking official, it came to light, had bought a house in Los Angeles for $860,000, though his monthly salary was a few hundred dollars.
中国政府开始实施政商分离已经有15年了，直到今天才对铁道部动手，这不禁让人感叹铁道部曾经拥有多么强大的力量。
腐败是最大的问题，一个高铁部门的高级官员两年前因为身陷受贿指控中而被开除。
在诉讼中有报纸披露这名高级官员养了18个情妇！而另一个高级官员被曝光在洛杉矶拥有一套86万美元的豪宅，虽然他的月薪不过几百美元。

Image: Rescuers carry out rescue operations after two carriages from a bullet train derailed and fell off a bridge in Wenzhou,
Zhejiang.
Photographs: Reuters.
图片：浙江温州一辆动车的两节车厢脱轨后掉落桥下，图为救援人员在事故现场展开救援行动。
路透社提供。
A railway line in the northeast had to be almost fully redone because unqualified subcontractors filled the foundations of bridges with stone and sand instead of concrete.
After an accident killed 40 and injured 177 in July 2011, there was widespread outrage over the quality of work on the bullet train network, the railway ministry's showcase project.
In the rush to complete the network quickly, the ministry had compromised on the quality of the civil works, it was alleged. The online ticketing platform would often crash. Holiday season every year became a nightmare for travellers in China.
由于没有资质的分承包商使用砂石代替混凝土填充桥梁的基座，东北部的铁道建设几乎要全部推倒重来。
在2011年7月的那场造成40死177伤的事故后，人们普遍对铁道部的样板项目——高铁网络的质量感到愤怒。
由于急于快速完成高铁网络建设，铁道部还对配套工程的质量做出妥协，即所谓的在线票务平台，该平台经常崩溃，使得在中国每年的旅游旺季都成为游客们的噩梦。

Image: Attendants pose for pictures inside a high-speed train during an organized experience trip from Beijing to Zhengzhou, as part of a new rail line.
Photographs: Reuters.
图片：在有组织的体验从北京到郑州——作为一段新的铁路线的一部分——的旅途中，乘务员们在高速列车内在镜头面前摆泡诗
路透社提供
Over time, it became a mammoth organisation. The ministry employs 2.1 million people for its 80,000 km of railway lines.
Apart from the railway network, the ministry runs the Railway Art Troupe and the China Locomotive Sports Team. It had its own police force until 2009, and operated its own courts till August last year. Thanks to the massive capital works, the ministry is sitting on a huge pile of debt.
随着时间的推移，铁道部变成了一个庞大的组织，该部门拥有员工二百一十万人，分布在80000公里长的铁路线上。
除了铁路网，该部还经营着铁路文工团和中国火车头竞技队伍。
直到2009年，它还有自己的警察部队，直到去年8月，它还开设着自己的法院。多亏了大规模的基础建设工程，该部门现在坐拥一大堆的债务。

Those who have been following the Indian Railways will find the accusations somewhat familiar.
It, too, is a bloated organisation (1.4 million people for 63,300 km of railway line) that also operates hospitals and factories, runs colonies, clubs and restaurants, manages stadiums and has its own police force.
In 2012-13, it distributed Rs 20,000 crore in pensions, which was over 60 per cent of its passenger earnings of Rs 32,500 crore for the year.
那些一直关注印度铁路的家伙们会发现某些熟悉的指责。
它（印度铁路部门），同样，也是一个臃肿的机构（一百四十万人分布在63300公里的铁路线上），也开设了医院和工厂，经营着聚居区，俱乐部和酒店，管理着体育场馆并拥有自己的警察队伍。
在2012年，它在养老金上的支出就达到两千亿卢比，占了铁路全年收益（三千两百五十亿卢比）的百分之六十

Is there corruption at the highest levels? It must be said that nothing of the scale of Coalgate, the 2G scam and the various defence kickbacks has so far come to light. Is it efficiently managed? The answer is an unequivocal no.
The railways have a measure called the operating ratio, or working expenses as a ratio of traffic receipts.
It deteriorated from 75.9 per cent in 2007-08 (when Lalu Prasad was the railway minister) to 94.7 per cent in 2009-10 (when Mamata Banerjee was the minister) before improving to 88.8 per cent in 2012-13.
这样的腐败已经达到最高阶段了吗？应该说贪腐的等级是无法计量的，而已然相继曝光的2G骗局（译者注：两年前印度电信行业曝出的腐败案）和各种各样的防御性回扣说明了这种管理是有效的吗？答案很明确，不。
铁路行业有一种测量方法叫做运营比率，即工作支出与收入之比。
它已经从2007-08年（Lalu Prasad 时任铁道部长）的75.9%恶化到2009-10年（Mamata Banerjee时任铁道部长）的94.7%，2012-13年又恢复到88.8%
A recent World Bank study found that the employee productivity of the Chinese railway is 45 per cent higher than that of its Indian counterpart.
The rail network of India is bursting at its seams, thanks to the penchant of every railway minister to announce a slew of new trains.
In the 66 years since Independence, the country has added only 13,000 km of new railway line.
世界银行最新的一次研究发现中国的铁路员工的工作效率比他的印度同行要高45%
印度的铁路网正在变得臃肿不堪，这要归功于所有铁道部长都喜欢满嘴跑火车的恶趣味。
在独立后的66年里，这个国家仅仅增添了13000公里的新铁路线。

With high wear and tear of lines, the Indian Railways is unable to run heavier, longer and faster freight trains. This results in lower productivity.
In India, freight of only up to 22.5 tonnes per axle is allowed. Other countries allow up to 37 tonnes.
The finances of the Railways are in dire need of repair. In 2012-13, for example, the gross traffic receipts fell short of the target of Rs 1,32,552 crore by Rs 6,872 crore.
由于线路老化严重，印度铁路已经负担不起运力更重，更长，更快的货运列车，这导致了铁路运输效率低下。
在印度，每个车轴允许承担的负重仅为22.5吨，其他国家却可以达到37吨。
铁路的财政状况亦急需解决，在2012-13年，例如，交通运营总收入就未达到预期，距离目标1,32,552 crore（crore在印度英语里是千万）还差六百八十七点二亿卢比

Dinesh Trivedi last year lost his job for raising passenger fares without consulting his boss, Mamata Banerjee, and attempted to de-politicise fare fixation by proposing to set up an independent Rail Tariff Authority.
Though the ministry came back to the Congress, the proposal has been put on the back burner. Railway Minister Pawan Kumar Bansal last month announced that the proposal was at the "inter-ministerial consulting stage". You know what that means.
Dinesh Trivedi去年因为没有和他的老板Mamata Banerjee商议而提高了客运票价，并试图通过提议成立一个独立的议价机构来取代出于政治目的而固化的价格表，结果他丢掉了工作。
虽然铁道部归属于国会，这项提议被搁置，但是铁道部部长Pawan Kumar Bansal上个月宣布，该提议已处于“跨部长级协商阶段”。你知道那意味着什么。

The ministry responded by cutting the proposed allocation to the depreciation reserve fund by Rs 2,500 crore. Still, the surplus (of receipts over expenditure) was Rs 5,148 crore short of the target (Rs 15,557 crore).
This surplus is set aside for the Railway Development Fund and the Capital Fund. Both the funds saw cuts (it was particularly deep for the Capital Fund) as a result.
It is well known that railway ministers are reluctant to raise passenger fares. Instead, they keep on increasing freight rates to fill their coffers. As a result, passenger fares in India are among the lowest in the world, and the freight rates are among the highest.
印度铁道部作出回应是削减这项提议的分配方案中将资金转入折旧储备基金的两百五十亿卢比。而盈余（收入超过支出）仍然是比目标（一千五百五十五点七亿卢比）少五百一十四点八亿卢比，
这些盈余中留存有铁路发展基金和投资基金，结果这两项基金都被削减了（尤其是投资基金）
众所周知，铁道部长们都不愿意提高客运票价，相反，他们继续增加货运列车的运费来中饱私囊。结果印度的客运列车票价是全世界最低的，而货运运费却是最高的。

So, people prefer to transport their goods through roads than the railway network. Roads account for 57 per cent of freight traffic in India, which is lower in the United States (44 per cent) and China (22 per cent).
India, according to the World Bank report, carries "much more passenger service than freight, which constrains productivity, raises cost and invites political interference in operations and pricing". How true.
所以，相对于铁路，人们更愿意使用公路来运送货物，在印度，公路运输占运输总量的57%，而在美国，公路运输占44%，中国是22%
印度，根据世界银行的报告，“客运业务远远多于货运业务，这制约了生产力，提高了成本，还有让政治过多的干预阻碍了铁路运营和定价”。说的太对了。
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译注：两则新闻
稍旧一点的是:“印度铁道部因财政状况不佳将提高全国火车票价”
而最近的却是:“印度铁道部长被骂下台(图)”
以下内容节选自这两则新闻
“苏亚在参加维沙卡帕提那－金奈线和维沙卡帕提那－什尔地线列车开通运行仪式时表示，由于目前铁道部门发展计划未能完成以及游客服务设施建设延误等原因，该部门财政状况不甚理想，因此
明年铁路票价上涨将迫在眉睫，由百度转码以便在移动设备上查看
希望民众能够予以谅解。
据悉，印度是世界范围内火车票价较低的国家之一，但由于财政拨款不足，包括安得拉邦在内的多个省份的铁路收支常年处于亏损状态”
“印度公众拿中国速度对比
新德里的网友Rohit借用咆哮体留言说：“印度什么时候会有自己的高铁？还是这对于印度人而言永远是个梦？他说，新德里90%火车时速不超过60公里，比起中国动辄二三百公里的高铁速度差
得实在太远。”
抱怨这句话也引起了其他网友的共鸣。一位网友抱怨称：“快到我们可以清楚地看到路边农田里干活的农民的面部表情，火车进站时我还可以去悠闲地买东西。”
疑惑班加罗尔的网友Karthik称：“在中国一般的火车平均速度都已经达到130公里/小时了，为什么我们的火车平均速度还只有50-60公里/小时？而我们的铁路明明可以承受160公里/小时的速
度。”
“据 BBC 等媒体18日报道，14日，宣布计划对火车票每公里加价2派萨（约合人民币0.003元）至30派萨（约合人民币0.04元）不等。火车票涨价在印度全国引发民众不满和抗议，甚至演变成“政
府危机”。18日晚上，特里维迪因增加火车票价遭党内反对而被迫辞职。”


评论翻译:
by indianguru (View MyPage) on Mar 17, 2013 01:52 AM| Hide replies
Reading this article i learned that India only laid 13,000km of tracks since independence(60years!)...that is laughable while China has 100,000km of tracks and 10,000km high speed rail(largest in the world). Shows that china's governance is miles better although they don't allow political freedom but are more accountable to the ppl. the only progress i hear in indian news is scam after scam then scam on a bigger scale(shows how accountable indian gov't is) and boring cricket zzzz. They are way ahead of us
in every aspect except cricket which is a boring non-popular sport compares to football/olympics/basketball etc.
读了这篇文章我才知道独立后印度仅仅新铺设了13000km铁路（60年啊！）。。这太可笑了，而中国却新铺设了100000km的铁路和10000km的高速铁路（全世界最大的）。显示了中国政府要好得多，
虽然他们政治上缺乏自由，但政府对老百姓更负责任。而在新闻里我听到印度的唯一的进步就是一次又一次越来越大的骗局（这表明印度政府多么‘负责任’【译注：双关语，还有善于算计的意思】）和无聊的蛐蛐叫声。他们在所有方面都遥遥领先，除了板球——这个与足球篮球奥林匹克什么的相比毫不流行的无聊的竞技运动
66 years of independence added only 13000 KM
by sam raj (View MyPage) on Mar 16, 2013 09:33 AM| Hide replies
The author failed put the Km which is not maintained and removed over a period of 66 years
The rulers of post independence India, In the name of patriotism, failed to understand the East Indian Company's Business model and its investments in infrastructure for
Business growth, finally made our agriculture industry as sick or subsidy Industry to beg from the rulers
China uses East Indian Company's Business model (investing in countries which has natural resources, importing raw materials and exporting finished goods) and prospers
作者没有把在66年里因无法维护而被拆除的铁路计算在内
独立后的印度统治者，以爱国主义之名，未能理解东印度公司的商业模式和投资于基础设施
商业的发展，最终造成我们的农工产业变得羸弱，只能向统治者乞求补贴
而中国使用东印度公司的商业模式（投资于国家的自然资源，进口原材料，出口成品）并获得繁荣。
TATKAL TICKETS
by D Subbarao (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:57 PM| Hide replies
Getting Tatkal ticket is like getting a lottery.
The Website is getting slow and not opened to buy the tickete. However, Agents are successful in getting tatkal tickets. We have to pay not less than 300 extra for each tatkal ticket to agent. One side Railway is looting by introducing tatkal ticket and one side agents are looting for their commission. How a common man can live ?
拿到Tatkal火车票（译者注：一种合法化的由铁路局少数人控制的黄牛票，或者叫特别预留票，要收取额外费用）就好像拿到彩票一样
购票网站越来越慢，而且很难买到票。然而代理们却总能拿到Tatkal火车票。为了从代理人手里拿到tatkal火车票我们不得不额外支付300卢比，一方面铁道部门引入tatkal车票来攫取利益，而另一方面代理商们为了赚钱而大肆掠夺，还让不让人活啦？
Don't blame
by Eashwar dan (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:50 PM| Hide replies
First of all don't blame indian railways authorities, we must blame our indian politicians as they are continuing force on railways to run non-traffic routes and even some states are not allowing to expand their railway stations. Some states are not allocating power, some politicians at higher level forcing allocate tenders to their benamis and many more from politicians not by rly authorities. We have to salute them.
首先，不要抱怨印度铁路部门，我们必须谴责那些政客，他们在迫使铁路部门去跑非营运路线，甚至有些邦拒绝扩建火车站，还有些邦不愿意分摊能源,一些政客还在公开投标中施加巨大压力，还有很多很多政客干的好事，而非铁道部当局。我们要向他们致敬
Make Railways state subject
by Gurpreet singh (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:18 PM| Hide replies
Centre must focus on military and economy power He must hand over the control of railways to states. Do you all agree?
中央必须专注于军事及经济的发展，他应该把（铁路的）控制权交还给各个邦，你们怎么看？
Re: Make Railways state subject
by siddharth (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:54 PM
Obviously no. Which country has a state run railways? The purpose of railway is for long distance travel and transport. Which state will have control on the trains passing through 8 states? Regional and local trains might be state's affair, but still a central level authority is required.
显然不行。哪个国家会让自己的州省运营铁路？铁路的意义在于远距离的旅行和运输。哪个邦能掌控途经8个邦的列车？局部或地方的火车或许是某个邦的事务，但中央一级的机构还是需要的。
Indian Railway
by arungopal agarwal (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:03 PM| Hide replies
It is life line of India, of course it needs many improvements on administrative front as well as investment front.
它是印度的生命线，当然须要在管理和资金投入上得到更多的改善。
Indian Railways Is NOT Inefficient........
by Nalin Kishore (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 11:55 AM| Hide replies
In fact it is very efficient with most of the trains running on time. Overcrowding is due to population explosion, not due to railways. New trains can be run if more money is given for rolling stock. Please do not publish such misleading articles. Is it not a miracle that such a massive organisation is delivering efficient services round the clock ? There is NO other organisation as efficient as the railways. (Disclaimer: I am not from railways, by the way)
实际上大多数时候印度列车在准点率上是很高效的，过度拥挤是由于人口爆炸，不是铁路部门的过错。如果有更多的资金投入，我们也能拥有新的列车。请不要发表这种误导性的文章。一个如此庞大的组织能够如此昼夜不停地提供有效服务难道不是一个奇迹吗？没有任何组织能够像印度铁道部这样有效率。（免责声明：我不是铁道部的人）
Re: Indian Railways Is NOT Inefficient........
by emani rao (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:12 PM
BAKWAS, LIES. Rlys is the Most Inefficient organization we have in India.
说谎。铁道部是全印度最低效的一个组织。
Re: Re: Indian Railways Is NOT Inefficient........
by siddharth (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:20 PM
Indian railway is far more efficient for most of the people who use it. Have u seen the way people treat railways? Despite the rigorous attempts by railways to keep plateforms clean, it fell rite on their face, till they imposed a fine. Thats the kind of people who travel. And you are expecting efficiency for these kind of travellers.
印度铁路部门远比坐火车的大多数人更有效率。你见过人们是如何对待铁路的吗？尽管铁路部门费尽心力保持站台的干净，但他们彻底失败了，直到他们（对破坏整洁的人）强迫罚款。旅者都是这样的人，你还指望对这样的旅者保持高效率。



印度rediff网站：印度铁路为何始终效率低下
Why Indian Railways continues to remain inefficient
原文链接：http://www.rediff.com/money/slide-show/slide-show-1-budget-rail-column-railways-continues-to-remain-inefficient/20130315.htm
龙腾

Image: A new high-speed train is pictured before it departs from the Beijing-South railway station for Shanghai.
Photographs: David Gray/Reuters.
图片：一辆刚刚从北京火车南站出发前往上海的崭新的高速列车
图片由路透社David Gray提供
* In the 66 years since Independence, the country has added only 13,000 km of new railway line. The finances of the Railways are in dire need of repair, says Bhupesh Bhandari comparing Indian Railways with the Chinese Railway.
The Chinese government has decided to dismantle its railway ministry. The commercial operations will be taken over by a new company called China Railway Corp, while the regulatory functions will be entrusted to the transport ministry.
The move is aimed to improve efficiency and stamp out corruption. The quality of the service has to be raised to meet the expectations of the country's rising affluent class.
The ministry had for long resisted reforms. It was a law unto itself. People would call it "Boss Railway".
自独立后的66年以来，印度的新增加的铁路里程仅仅13000公里，印度铁路的财政问题急需解决，Bhupesh Bhandari在比较中印铁路时说道。
中国政府决定取消铁道部，铁路的商务运营将由新成立的中铁公司接管，而管理职能将交由交通部管理
这项举措的目的在于提高效率和消除贪腐。服务的质量也要提高，以满足中国可以预期的冉冉升起的富裕阶层。
中国铁道部曾长期抗拒改革，它自己制定规则，人们都称之为“铁老大”

Image: CRH380 (China Railway High-speed) Harmony bullet trains are seen at a high-speed train maintenance base in Wuhan, Hubei province.
Photographs: Reuters.
图片：停放在湖北武汉高铁检修基地的CRH380(译者注：CRH即为英语‘中国高铁’的首字母)和谐号子弹头列车
图片由路透社提供
The Chinese government had started separating state companies from regulatory bodies 15 years ago. It is only now that the railway ministry's turn has come. It gives you an idea of how powerful the ministry must have been.
Corruption is the largest issue there. A senior functionary related to the bullet train network was removed from office two years ago amid charges of bribery.
One allegation against him, a newspaper reported, was that he had 18 mistresses! Another high-ranking official, it came to light, had bought a house in Los Angeles for $860,000, though his monthly salary was a few hundred dollars.
中国政府开始实施政商分离已经有15年了，直到今天才对铁道部动手，这不禁让人感叹铁道部曾经拥有多么强大的力量。
腐败是最大的问题，一个高铁部门的高级官员两年前因为身陷受贿指控中而被开除。
在诉讼中有报纸披露这名高级官员养了18个情妇！而另一个高级官员被曝光在洛杉矶拥有一套86万美元的豪宅，虽然他的月薪不过几百美元。

Image: Rescuers carry out rescue operations after two carriages from a bullet train derailed and fell off a bridge in Wenzhou,
Zhejiang.
Photographs: Reuters.
图片：浙江温州一辆动车的两节车厢脱轨后掉落桥下，图为救援人员在事故现场展开救援行动。
路透社提供。
A railway line in the northeast had to be almost fully redone because unqualified subcontractors filled the foundations of bridges with stone and sand instead of concrete.
After an accident killed 40 and injured 177 in July 2011, there was widespread outrage over the quality of work on the bullet train network, the railway ministry's showcase project.
In the rush to complete the network quickly, the ministry had compromised on the quality of the civil works, it was alleged. The online ticketing platform would often crash. Holiday season every year became a nightmare for travellers in China.
由于没有资质的分承包商使用砂石代替混凝土填充桥梁的基座，东北部的铁道建设几乎要全部推倒重来。
在2011年7月的那场造成40死177伤的事故后，人们普遍对铁道部的样板项目——高铁网络的质量感到愤怒。
由于急于快速完成高铁网络建设，铁道部还对配套工程的质量做出妥协，即所谓的在线票务平台，该平台经常崩溃，使得在中国每年的旅游旺季都成为游客们的噩梦。

Image: Attendants pose for pictures inside a high-speed train during an organized experience trip from Beijing to Zhengzhou, as part of a new rail line.
Photographs: Reuters.
图片：在有组织的体验从北京到郑州——作为一段新的铁路线的一部分——的旅途中，乘务员们在高速列车内在镜头面前摆泡诗
路透社提供
Over time, it became a mammoth organisation. The ministry employs 2.1 million people for its 80,000 km of railway lines.
Apart from the railway network, the ministry runs the Railway Art Troupe and the China Locomotive Sports Team. It had its own police force until 2009, and operated its own courts till August last year. Thanks to the massive capital works, the ministry is sitting on a huge pile of debt.
随着时间的推移，铁道部变成了一个庞大的组织，该部门拥有员工二百一十万人，分布在80000公里长的铁路线上。
除了铁路网，该部还经营着铁路文工团和中国火车头竞技队伍。
直到2009年，它还有自己的警察部队，直到去年8月，它还开设着自己的法院。多亏了大规模的基础建设工程，该部门现在坐拥一大堆的债务。

Those who have been following the Indian Railways will find the accusations somewhat familiar.
It, too, is a bloated organisation (1.4 million people for 63,300 km of railway line) that also operates hospitals and factories, runs colonies, clubs and restaurants, manages stadiums and has its own police force.
In 2012-13, it distributed Rs 20,000 crore in pensions, which was over 60 per cent of its passenger earnings of Rs 32,500 crore for the year.
那些一直关注印度铁路的家伙们会发现某些熟悉的指责。
它（印度铁路部门），同样，也是一个臃肿的机构（一百四十万人分布在63300公里的铁路线上），也开设了医院和工厂，经营着聚居区，俱乐部和酒店，管理着体育场馆并拥有自己的警察队伍。
在2012年，它在养老金上的支出就达到两千亿卢比，占了铁路全年收益（三千两百五十亿卢比）的百分之六十

Is there corruption at the highest levels? It must be said that nothing of the scale of Coalgate, the 2G scam and the various defence kickbacks has so far come to light. Is it efficiently managed? The answer is an unequivocal no.
The railways have a measure called the operating ratio, or working expenses as a ratio of traffic receipts.
It deteriorated from 75.9 per cent in 2007-08 (when Lalu Prasad was the railway minister) to 94.7 per cent in 2009-10 (when Mamata Banerjee was the minister) before improving to 88.8 per cent in 2012-13.
这样的腐败已经达到最高阶段了吗？应该说贪腐的等级是无法计量的，而已然相继曝光的2G骗局（译者注：两年前印度电信行业曝出的腐败案）和各种各样的防御性回扣说明了这种管理是有效的吗？答案很明确，不。
铁路行业有一种测量方法叫做运营比率，即工作支出与收入之比。
它已经从2007-08年（Lalu Prasad 时任铁道部长）的75.9%恶化到2009-10年（Mamata Banerjee时任铁道部长）的94.7%，2012-13年又恢复到88.8%
A recent World Bank study found that the employee productivity of the Chinese railway is 45 per cent higher than that of its Indian counterpart.
The rail network of India is bursting at its seams, thanks to the penchant of every railway minister to announce a slew of new trains.
In the 66 years since Independence, the country has added only 13,000 km of new railway line.
世界银行最新的一次研究发现中国的铁路员工的工作效率比他的印度同行要高45%
印度的铁路网正在变得臃肿不堪，这要归功于所有铁道部长都喜欢满嘴跑火车的恶趣味。
在独立后的66年里，这个国家仅仅增添了13000公里的新铁路线。

With high wear and tear of lines, the Indian Railways is unable to run heavier, longer and faster freight trains. This results in lower productivity.
In India, freight of only up to 22.5 tonnes per axle is allowed. Other countries allow up to 37 tonnes.
The finances of the Railways are in dire need of repair. In 2012-13, for example, the gross traffic receipts fell short of the target of Rs 1,32,552 crore by Rs 6,872 crore.
由于线路老化严重，印度铁路已经负担不起运力更重，更长，更快的货运列车，这导致了铁路运输效率低下。
在印度，每个车轴允许承担的负重仅为22.5吨，其他国家却可以达到37吨。
铁路的财政状况亦急需解决，在2012-13年，例如，交通运营总收入就未达到预期，距离目标1,32,552 crore（crore在印度英语里是千万）还差六百八十七点二亿卢比

Dinesh Trivedi last year lost his job for raising passenger fares without consulting his boss, Mamata Banerjee, and attempted to de-politicise fare fixation by proposing to set up an independent Rail Tariff Authority.
Though the ministry came back to the Congress, the proposal has been put on the back burner. Railway Minister Pawan Kumar Bansal last month announced that the proposal was at the "inter-ministerial consulting stage". You know what that means.
Dinesh Trivedi去年因为没有和他的老板Mamata Banerjee商议而提高了客运票价，并试图通过提议成立一个独立的议价机构来取代出于政治目的而固化的价格表，结果他丢掉了工作。
虽然铁道部归属于国会，这项提议被搁置，但是铁道部部长Pawan Kumar Bansal上个月宣布，该提议已处于“跨部长级协商阶段”。你知道那意味着什么。

The ministry responded by cutting the proposed allocation to the depreciation reserve fund by Rs 2,500 crore. Still, the surplus (of receipts over expenditure) was Rs 5,148 crore short of the target (Rs 15,557 crore).
This surplus is set aside for the Railway Development Fund and the Capital Fund. Both the funds saw cuts (it was particularly deep for the Capital Fund) as a result.
It is well known that railway ministers are reluctant to raise passenger fares. Instead, they keep on increasing freight rates to fill their coffers. As a result, passenger fares in India are among the lowest in the world, and the freight rates are among the highest.
印度铁道部作出回应是削减这项提议的分配方案中将资金转入折旧储备基金的两百五十亿卢比。而盈余（收入超过支出）仍然是比目标（一千五百五十五点七亿卢比）少五百一十四点八亿卢比，
这些盈余中留存有铁路发展基金和投资基金，结果这两项基金都被削减了（尤其是投资基金）
众所周知，铁道部长们都不愿意提高客运票价，相反，他们继续增加货运列车的运费来中饱私囊。结果印度的客运列车票价是全世界最低的，而货运运费却是最高的。

So, people prefer to transport their goods through roads than the railway network. Roads account for 57 per cent of freight traffic in India, which is lower in the United States (44 per cent) and China (22 per cent).
India, according to the World Bank report, carries "much more passenger service than freight, which constrains productivity, raises cost and invites political interference in operations and pricing". How true.
所以，相对于铁路，人们更愿意使用公路来运送货物，在印度，公路运输占运输总量的57%，而在美国，公路运输占44%，中国是22%
印度，根据世界银行的报告，“客运业务远远多于货运业务，这制约了生产力，提高了成本，还有让政治过多的干预阻碍了铁路运营和定价”。说的太对了。
---------------------

译注：两则新闻
稍旧一点的是:“印度铁道部因财政状况不佳将提高全国火车票价”
而最近的却是:“印度铁道部长被骂下台(图)”
以下内容节选自这两则新闻
“苏亚在参加维沙卡帕提那－金奈线和维沙卡帕提那－什尔地线列车开通运行仪式时表示，由于目前铁道部门发展计划未能完成以及游客服务设施建设延误等原因，该部门财政状况不甚理想，因此
明年铁路票价上涨将迫在眉睫，由百度转码以便在移动设备上查看
希望民众能够予以谅解。
据悉，印度是世界范围内火车票价较低的国家之一，但由于财政拨款不足，包括安得拉邦在内的多个省份的铁路收支常年处于亏损状态”
“印度公众拿中国速度对比
新德里的网友Rohit借用咆哮体留言说：“印度什么时候会有自己的高铁？还是这对于印度人而言永远是个梦？他说，新德里90%火车时速不超过60公里，比起中国动辄二三百公里的高铁速度差
得实在太远。”
抱怨这句话也引起了其他网友的共鸣。一位网友抱怨称：“快到我们可以清楚地看到路边农田里干活的农民的面部表情，火车进站时我还可以去悠闲地买东西。”
疑惑班加罗尔的网友Karthik称：“在中国一般的火车平均速度都已经达到130公里/小时了，为什么我们的火车平均速度还只有50-60公里/小时？而我们的铁路明明可以承受160公里/小时的速
度。”
“据 BBC 等媒体18日报道，14日，宣布计划对火车票每公里加价2派萨（约合人民币0.003元）至30派萨（约合人民币0.04元）不等。火车票涨价在印度全国引发民众不满和抗议，甚至演变成“政
府危机”。18日晚上，特里维迪因增加火车票价遭党内反对而被迫辞职。”


评论翻译:
by indianguru (View MyPage) on Mar 17, 2013 01:52 AM| Hide replies
Reading this article i learned that India only laid 13,000km of tracks since independence(60years!)...that is laughable while China has 100,000km of tracks and 10,000km high speed rail(largest in the world). Shows that china's governance is miles better although they don't allow political freedom but are more accountable to the ppl. the only progress i hear in indian news is scam after scam then scam on a bigger scale(shows how accountable indian gov't is) and boring cricket zzzz. They are way ahead of us
in every aspect except cricket which is a boring non-popular sport compares to football/olympics/basketball etc.
读了这篇文章我才知道独立后印度仅仅新铺设了13000km铁路（60年啊！）。。这太可笑了，而中国却新铺设了100000km的铁路和10000km的高速铁路（全世界最大的）。显示了中国政府要好得多，
虽然他们政治上缺乏自由，但政府对老百姓更负责任。而在新闻里我听到印度的唯一的进步就是一次又一次越来越大的骗局（这表明印度政府多么‘负责任’【译注：双关语，还有善于算计的意思】）和无聊的蛐蛐叫声。他们在所有方面都遥遥领先，除了板球——这个与足球篮球奥林匹克什么的相比毫不流行的无聊的竞技运动
66 years of independence added only 13000 KM
by sam raj (View MyPage) on Mar 16, 2013 09:33 AM| Hide replies
The author failed put the Km which is not maintained and removed over a period of 66 years
The rulers of post independence India, In the name of patriotism, failed to understand the East Indian Company's Business model and its investments in infrastructure for
Business growth, finally made our agriculture industry as sick or subsidy Industry to beg from the rulers
China uses East Indian Company's Business model (investing in countries which has natural resources, importing raw materials and exporting finished goods) and prospers
作者没有把在66年里因无法维护而被拆除的铁路计算在内
独立后的印度统治者，以爱国主义之名，未能理解东印度公司的商业模式和投资于基础设施
商业的发展，最终造成我们的农工产业变得羸弱，只能向统治者乞求补贴
而中国使用东印度公司的商业模式（投资于国家的自然资源，进口原材料，出口成品）并获得繁荣。
TATKAL TICKETS
by D Subbarao (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:57 PM| Hide replies
Getting Tatkal ticket is like getting a lottery.
The Website is getting slow and not opened to buy the tickete. However, Agents are successful in getting tatkal tickets. We have to pay not less than 300 extra for each tatkal ticket to agent. One side Railway is looting by introducing tatkal ticket and one side agents are looting for their commission. How a common man can live ?
拿到Tatkal火车票（译者注：一种合法化的由铁路局少数人控制的黄牛票，或者叫特别预留票，要收取额外费用）就好像拿到彩票一样
购票网站越来越慢，而且很难买到票。然而代理们却总能拿到Tatkal火车票。为了从代理人手里拿到tatkal火车票我们不得不额外支付300卢比，一方面铁道部门引入tatkal车票来攫取利益，而另一方面代理商们为了赚钱而大肆掠夺，还让不让人活啦？
Don't blame
by Eashwar dan (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:50 PM| Hide replies
First of all don't blame indian railways authorities, we must blame our indian politicians as they are continuing force on railways to run non-traffic routes and even some states are not allowing to expand their railway stations. Some states are not allocating power, some politicians at higher level forcing allocate tenders to their benamis and many more from politicians not by rly authorities. We have to salute them.
首先，不要抱怨印度铁路部门，我们必须谴责那些政客，他们在迫使铁路部门去跑非营运路线，甚至有些邦拒绝扩建火车站，还有些邦不愿意分摊能源,一些政客还在公开投标中施加巨大压力，还有很多很多政客干的好事，而非铁道部当局。我们要向他们致敬
Make Railways state subject
by Gurpreet singh (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:18 PM| Hide replies
Centre must focus on military and economy power He must hand over the control of railways to states. Do you all agree?
中央必须专注于军事及经济的发展，他应该把（铁路的）控制权交还给各个邦，你们怎么看？
Re: Make Railways state subject
by siddharth (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:54 PM
Obviously no. Which country has a state run railways? The purpose of railway is for long distance travel and transport. Which state will have control on the trains passing through 8 states? Regional and local trains might be state's affair, but still a central level authority is required.
显然不行。哪个国家会让自己的州省运营铁路？铁路的意义在于远距离的旅行和运输。哪个邦能掌控途经8个邦的列车？局部或地方的火车或许是某个邦的事务，但中央一级的机构还是需要的。
Indian Railway
by arungopal agarwal (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:03 PM| Hide replies
It is life line of India, of course it needs many improvements on administrative front as well as investment front.
它是印度的生命线，当然须要在管理和资金投入上得到更多的改善。
Indian Railways Is NOT Inefficient........
by Nalin Kishore (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 11:55 AM| Hide replies
In fact it is very efficient with most of the trains running on time. Overcrowding is due to population explosion, not due to railways. New trains can be run if more money is given for rolling stock. Please do not publish such misleading articles. Is it not a miracle that such a massive organisation is delivering efficient services round the clock ? There is NO other organisation as efficient as the railways. (Disclaimer: I am not from railways, by the way)
实际上大多数时候印度列车在准点率上是很高效的，过度拥挤是由于人口爆炸，不是铁路部门的过错。如果有更多的资金投入，我们也能拥有新的列车。请不要发表这种误导性的文章。一个如此庞大的组织能够如此昼夜不停地提供有效服务难道不是一个奇迹吗？没有任何组织能够像印度铁道部这样有效率。（免责声明：我不是铁道部的人）
Re: Indian Railways Is NOT Inefficient........
by emani rao (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:12 PM
BAKWAS, LIES. Rlys is the Most Inefficient organization we have in India.
说谎。铁道部是全印度最低效的一个组织。
Re: Re: Indian Railways Is NOT Inefficient........
by siddharth (View MyPage) on Mar 15, 2013 12:20 PM
Indian railway is far more efficient for most of the people who use it. Have u seen the way people treat railways? Despite the rigorous attempts by railways to keep plateforms clean, it fell rite on their face, till they imposed a fine. Thats the kind of people who travel. And you are expecting efficiency for these kind of travellers.
印度铁路部门远比坐火车的大多数人更有效率。你见过人们是如何对待铁路的吗？尽管铁路部门费尽心力保持站台的干净，但他们彻底失败了，直到他们（对破坏整洁的人）强迫罚款。旅者都是这样的人，你还指望对这样的旅者保持高效率。