中国熊猫工厂残忍的真相（附国外网友的评论）

-------------译者：evansan 审核者：hpyp-------------

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It was a scene worthy of a Disney tear-jerker – and had a television audience to match. Leaving his mother behind, Tao Tao, the two-year-old giant panda, walked out of his cage and took his first uncertain steps to freedom in the mountain slopes of south-west China.
Behind him, the keepers who helped raise the cub from his birth in captivity watched as their young charge padded away into the bamboo-rich woodland where his fight to survive would begin.
No detail had been spared in the careful preparation for Tao Tao’s future. His keepers made a model leopard, complete with a roaring sound, to teach him about his potential predators.
When the model was put into his enclosure in June, he dutifully ran for cover. Staff at the breeding centre even dressed in panda outfits to prevent their young charge becoming too familiar with his human captors.
Images of Tao Tao’s release into the remote Liziping Nature Reserve in Sichuan ten days ago were broadcast around the world, just as the authorities intended, portraying an unusually humane side to the Chinese regime and demonstrating its absolute determination to save the giant panda, the national symbol, from extinction.

这是一个名符其实的催人泪下的迪斯尼动画片场景——并且肯定会有其拥趸。淘淘（音译），一只2岁的大熊猫，离开它的母亲，走出它的笼子，在中国西南部的一个山坡上，走上前途迷茫的自由之路。
在它的身后，将它从幼仔圈养长大的饲养员们，瞧着他们的小朋友轻声地走入茂盛的竹林，开始它的生存之旅。
在为淘淘的未来小心翼翼做准备的时候，几乎没有细节被忽略掉。它的饲养员，为它做了个配备有咆哮声音的豹子模型，为了教它如何应对潜在的捕食者。
当6月份往熊猫圈养地放入模型时，他尽职尽责地做了伪装，繁育中心的工作人员甚至穿上熊猫形状的衣服，以防他们的小朋友太过于熟悉人类而很容易被捕获。
十天前将淘淘放生于遥远的四川栗子坪自然保护区的照片，很快传遍了全世界，正如当局希望的那样，展示中国ZF十分人性化的一面，并传达当局坚定地拯救熊猫——这个国家的标志——免于灭绝的危险！

Today, Tao Tao is the only captive-bred giant panda in the wild. Officials boast that, if his release is a success, more young pandas will follow in his paw prints until the mountain forests of western China are once again home to a flourishing population.
If that is the vision served up to a credulous international audience, the reality is shockingly different. The truth is that wild pandas, their numbers already desperately low, are continuing to die out – their habitat disappearing beneath a tide of concrete as China’s economic juggernaut rolls on. It is entirely possible that there may be just a few hundred left.
Meanwhile the Chinese government makes millions lending captive-bred pandas to overseas zoos – including Edinburgh, which recently paid ￡6 million in a decade-long loan scheme.
Now one of China’s leading panda experts, with years of experience on the official breeding programme, has spoken out saying wild pandas have been driven to the brink of extinction, and that this much-vaunted programme of captive breeding not only traumatises young pandas, it puts the very survival of the species at risk.

“如今，淘淘是野外唯一一只人工繁育的大熊猫”，官员夸耀到，“如果它的放养成功了，那么将会有更多的大熊猫会放归大自然，中国西南地区的森林将会重新成为这个繁荣族群的栖息地。”
容易受骗的观众会相信这个说辞，而现实却是惊人的不同。真相是原本数量已经少得可怜的大熊猫，任然在逐渐消亡——当中国的经济车轮不停滚动的同时，大熊猫的栖息地正逐渐消失在混凝土森林中，它们非常有可能只剩下几百只而已。
而与此同时中国ZF正以数百万的价格租借人工圈养的大熊猫给外国的动物园——包括爱丁堡，他们刚以600万英镑的价格签了十年期的租借合同。
一个参与了ZF繁育大熊猫项目并有数年经验的专家说，野生大熊猫已经在灭绝的边缘，这个过分浮夸的项目（人工繁育）不仅伤害了熊猫，并且将危害到（熊猫）这个物种的基本生存

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-------------译者：evansan 审核者：tvenana-------------

Dr Sarah Bexell, director of Conservation Education at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, told The Mail on Sunday that captive-bred pandas are no more than a ‘caricature’ of the real thing and are unable to survive in the wild. Meanwhile, their natural habit continues to shrink at an alarming rate, under pressure from industrial development and the ‘raging fire’ of Chinese tourism.
That a senior figure within China should make such an intervention indicates how desperate the situation has become; such a candid portrayal of the panda’s plight is unprecedented. Other critics – those not employed by the Chinese government – are more forthright still, describing the ‘panda factory’ breeding centres as a fraud both on the Chinese public and the wider world.
China is currently conducting a new census to estimate how many giant pandas remain, the first since a decade ago when it was found that there were fewer than 1,600. Dr Bexell says she is ‘petrified’ at what the results might be.
It raises the alarming possibility that there might soon be more captive-bred giant pandas alive than wild ones.

Sarah Bexell博士，就职于成都大熊猫繁殖研究基地的美国环境教育专家，周日接受《每日邮报》采访时说，人工繁育的大熊猫不过是野生大熊猫的“可笑的模仿”，它们无法在野生环境中存活。与此同时，在工业发展的压力和中国如烈火般发展的旅游业下，它们自然的天性也以令人吃惊的速度消失着。
中国ZF如此干预大熊猫的数量恰恰显示了现状已经变得多么令人绝望，对大熊猫的困境作如此直白的描述是史无前例的。其它一些不受雇于中国ZF的评论家们甚至更加直言不讳：大熊猫繁育中心就是用来欺骗中国人民和国际社会的。
中国正在进行一项统计工作，统计存活着的大熊猫的数量。十年前这个数量是不到1600只。Bexell说她对将出炉的这个数据感觉非常不乐观。
现存的人工繁育的大熊猫的数量多于野生大熊猫的数量，已经非常可能了！



Dr Bexell, an American who has spent more than a decade working with pandas in China, has also expressed her views in a new book, written with Dr Zhang Zhihe, head of the Chengdu centre, who supplied the photographs.
Giant Pandas: Born Survivors will be published next month by Penguin Viking and exposes the failure to preserve the panda’s habitat, while more and more resources are pumped into a lucrative captive-breeding programme that has so far produced more than 300 pandas since 1963 – none of them capable ever of living beyond the confines of a zoo.
Dr Bexell, says she was spurred to write when she witnessed the destruction of panda habitat in Sichuan. She watched, aghast, as lorries belching diesel trundled through one of the reserves where some of the last remaining wild animals live. It is, she says, symptomatic of what is happening to wildlife globally, but the panda is one of the most vulnerable animals of all.
There are those who believe the captive breeding programme, although not a perfect answer, might, at the very least, arrest the decline in panda numbers. But the precedents are not encouraging.

贝可索博士是一个在中国从事了十多年熊猫研究工作的美国人，最近她与成都大熊猫繁育研究基地主任张志和合撰新书《Giant Pandas: Born Survivors》，张先生提供了一些照片。
《Giant Pandas: Born Survivors》下个月将由Penguin Viking出版社出版，书中揭露了在保护大熊猫栖息地方面做得十分失败，然而越来越多的资源却注入到“人工繁育”这个十分盈利的项目中去，自1963年以来，这个项目“生产”了超过300只大熊猫，这其中却没有一只大熊猫有能力生活在动物园之外的地方。
贝可索博士说，写这本书是因为她目睹了四川大熊猫栖息地遭到的破坏，她眼睁睁看着许多冒着柴油尾气的大货车驶过一个生活着很多珍稀动物的自然保护区，她说，这是在全世界野生动物身上正在发生的事，而大熊猫是其中最脆弱的物种之一。
有一部分人还是认可人工繁育大熊猫这个项目的，尽管它并不完美，但它阻止了大熊猫数量的下降趋势，但这个先例并不值得被鼓励和推行。

Tao Tao is following in the footsteps of another giant panda Xiang Xiang, the first captive-bred panda released in the wild three years ago. He was found dead ten months later, apparently chased to his death by wild pandas. It was a major embarrassment.
Like Tao Tao, he had been well trained, using videos of leopards so he would recognise his natural enemies and footage of pandas of various sizes and ages.
When he was thought ready, Xiang Xiang was given a collar with a GPS tracking device and moved to the mountainous Quyipeng area of Wolong, home to more than ten wild pandas. He had already been injured in one fight, before he was found dead at the foot of a tree.
Researchers later say they believe he took refuge in a tree after a fight with the wild pandas and then fell to his death. Xiang Xiang’s demise was kept out of China’s tightly controlled state media for three months.
Before the modernisation of China, the giant panda’s habitat was an endless stretch of lush bamboo forests stretching from Burma, through Laos and Vietnam and deep into southwest China.

淘淘的放生，追循的是另一只大熊猫“祥祥”相同的路径。三年前，祥祥是第一只放归野外的人工繁育的大熊猫。然而十个月后，它的生命在于野生大熊猫的生存之战中戛然而止，多么令人尴尬的状况。
像淘淘一样，祥祥也接受了野化训练，训练人员利用了豹子的影像资料来帮助祥祥识别天敌，并教它识别不同体型和年龄的大熊猫的足迹。
当一切准备就绪后，祥祥戴上了具有GPS（全球卫星定位系统）追踪功能的项圈，放生于生活着十多只野生大熊猫的卧龙自然保护区“五一棚”区域。随后它在一场打斗中受伤，并被发现死在一棵树下。
研究人员随后说，他们认为祥祥死于与野生大熊猫的打斗。在中国严格的新闻管控下，祥祥的死隐瞒了公众三个月之久。
在中国的现代化进程启动之前，大熊猫的栖息地十分宽广，可供熊猫栖息的竹林，从缅甸，老挝，越南一直延伸到中国西南地区。

-------------译者：猫记 审核者：tvenana-------------

Today, the world’s last remaining wild pandas – whose existence Dr Bexell and other experts believe is now in severe jeopardy – are hidden away in small pockets along six mountain ranges flanking the Tibetan plateau.
There are 62 reserves with a combined area of 10,000 square miles, equivalent to the size of Northumberland, in a country 40 times the size of Britain. The pockets of land are fragmented and shrinking due to mining and relentless industrial development, not to mention the demand for housing. Some reserves are less than a mile wide.
Experts agree that so-called bamboo corridors are needed to link the pockets of habitat so pandas can mix and mate and broaden their gene pool, an essential requisite to the survival of the species. But as the captive-breeding programme marches forward, there is scant evidence of anything being done to create these vital connections.
In some cases, the reserves are no more than token gestures. According to Dr Bexell, there are designated panda reserves that don’t have any pandas at all.
As well as mining and agriculture, the panda’s habitat is at increasing risk from Chinese tourists who head out in their droves to western China to revel in the mountain scenery and look for pandas in the wild.

如今，贝可索博士和其他一些专家认为世界上仅存的野生大熊猫的生存环境处于严峻的形势下。它们藏身在青藏高原侧面的六个山脉之间的一小片土地上。
在约合英国国土40倍大小的国家里，这儿有着相当于诺森伯兰郡大小，面积共计10000平方英里的62个保护区。这块土地由于采矿业和连续的工业发展而四分五裂，日益缩小。更不用提对房屋的需求。一些保护区甚至不到一英里宽。
专家们一致认为，需要建立所谓的竹子走廊来连接这些栖息地，通过这种措施，各栖息地的熊猫可以混合起来，进行交配，从而扩大他们的基因池。这对一个物种的存续来说，是必不可少的。但随着圈养计划的推进，鲜有证据表明建立这些至关重要连接的相关工作正在进行。
有时候，这些保护区不过就是象征性的而已。据贝可索博士所说，有些保护区内根本就没有熊猫。
和采矿业和农业一样，那些来到中国西部山区，陶醉于自然风光和想在野外寻找熊猫的中国游客们，也增加了熊猫栖息地的风险。



With breathtaking insensitivity, tour groups wolf down meat from red pandas, an unrelated cat-sized mammal that is listed as vulnerable, on their visits to the reserves. Meanwhile, hotels and roads proliferate without any apparent regard for the giant panda’s habitat.
Dr Bexell’s book says that the spread of tourism into the reserves has significantly increased the hazards pushing giant pandas towards extinction.
‘Wealthy new Chinese tourists buy their North Face hiking gear and head into the reserves, staying in home stays and eating wild animals,’ she says. ‘Red pandas are on every menu. That is the new big delicacy now.
‘The tourists all want to eat wild and organic mushrooms and bamboo shoots, more than ever as they are scared of the poison in mass-produced foods. They trample in the experimental zones of nature reserves and take what they can from the land.
‘These tourists also require infrastructure, roads, hotels, electricity, sanitation – the list goes on and on. And then there’s the noise and light pollution.
‘There is karaoke belting out into the night and into the nature reserves. There’s nothing more unsettling to animals than artificial noise and light.’

反应迟钝的旅游团在探访保护区的旅程中，狼吞虎咽地吃下小熊猫的肉。小熊猫是一类与熊猫不相干的脆弱的哺乳动物，体型跟猫差不多大小。与此同时，在根本没有考虑大熊猫的栖息地的情况下，酒店和道路的数量激增。
贝可素博士的书中写到，保护区内旅游业的扩张已经大幅增加了导致大熊猫灭绝的危险。
“富有的新一代中国游客带着他们购买的North Face徒步旅行装备一头扎进了保护区。他们居住在当地居民家中，吃着保护区内的野生动物。”贝可素博士说道，“每个菜单上都列着小熊猫，小熊猫现在成为了新的美味佳肴。这些旅行者们都想吃到野生有机的蘑菇和竹笋，对批量生产的食品的毒性的恐惧感加深了这种需要。他们践踏着实验性质的自然保护区，带走一切他们能从这片土地上获得的东西。这些旅行者们还需要基础设施、道路、酒店、电力设施、卫生设施，这份需求清单还在不断增加。然后就给这里带来了噪音污染和光污染。自然保护区的夜幕下，还有着卡拉OK引吭高歌的声音。没有什么比人工噪音和光线更能让野生动物感到不安的东西了。”

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-------------译者：evansan 审核者：tvenana-------------

While the wild pandas are forced further back into their shrinking reserves, captive pandas are being born at the rate of more than 30 a year, their pictures beamed around the world in a succession of cute photo opportunities with every new batch of arrivals.
The captive-bred pandas, says Dr Bexell, are no substitute for the real thing. Moreover, in sucking up attention and investment, they are a distraction from the true plight of pandas in the wild and their ever-shrinking habitat.
‘The creatures we create in captivity are a caricature of wild animals. The cute, fluffy panda stories that we always read, where the scientists are saving the panda and everything is OK, are actually hurting the wild pandas.
‘Wild pandas are switched on and primed all the time to constantly sense all that is going on around them. Captivity, on the other hand, dulls that sense. Their life is pre-programmed. They are bored and have no need to think. It is like being in jail.’
Not that releasing them is any help. Indeed, an increasing number of experts believe that sending  these ‘socially inadequate’ animals into the wild is cruel.

当野生大熊猫因为栖息地的收缩被逼的越来越走投无路的同时，人工繁育的大熊猫的数量却以每年三十多只的数量递增着，一张张可爱的大熊猫的照片传遍全世界。
贝克索博士说到，人工繁育的大熊猫根本无法代替野生大熊猫，此外当人工繁育的大熊猫吸引着全世界的目光和投资的时候，野生大熊猫及其栖息地的困境却逐渐被忽视。
“人工繁育出的这些动物对野生动物来说是莫大的讽刺，我们总是看到这种新闻，可爱的大熊猫的故事，科学家们正在努力拯救它们，一切都呈现出欣欣向荣的态势之类的，这对野生大熊猫始终伤害，非常不公平。”
“野生大熊猫的处境本应该得到人们持续的关注，但人工繁育大熊猫的出现淡化了这种关注，它们的生活是被安排好了的，它们本身并不需要做任何事情，这无异于生活在监狱里。”
当然，人工圈养大熊猫的放生也并不是完全没有意义，事实上，现在越来越多的专家认为，将这种不能胜任自己在自然中的角色的动物放归野外，是件很残忍的事情


-------------译者：evansan 审核者：hpyp-------------

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It was a scene worthy of a Disney tear-jerker – and had a television audience to match. Leaving his mother behind, Tao Tao, the two-year-old giant panda, walked out of his cage and took his first uncertain steps to freedom in the mountain slopes of south-west China.
Behind him, the keepers who helped raise the cub from his birth in captivity watched as their young charge padded away into the bamboo-rich woodland where his fight to survive would begin.
No detail had been spared in the careful preparation for Tao Tao’s future. His keepers made a model leopard, complete with a roaring sound, to teach him about his potential predators.
When the model was put into his enclosure in June, he dutifully ran for cover. Staff at the breeding centre even dressed in panda outfits to prevent their young charge becoming too familiar with his human captors.
Images of Tao Tao’s release into the remote Liziping Nature Reserve in Sichuan ten days ago were broadcast around the world, just as the authorities intended, portraying an unusually humane side to the Chinese regime and demonstrating its absolute determination to save the giant panda, the national symbol, from extinction.

这是一个名符其实的催人泪下的迪斯尼动画片场景——并且肯定会有其拥趸。淘淘（音译），一只2岁的大熊猫，离开它的母亲，走出它的笼子，在中国西南部的一个山坡上，走上前途迷茫的自由之路。
在它的身后，将它从幼仔圈养长大的饲养员们，瞧着他们的小朋友轻声地走入茂盛的竹林，开始它的生存之旅。
在为淘淘的未来小心翼翼做准备的时候，几乎没有细节被忽略掉。它的饲养员，为它做了个配备有咆哮声音的豹子模型，为了教它如何应对潜在的捕食者。
当6月份往熊猫圈养地放入模型时，他尽职尽责地做了伪装，繁育中心的工作人员甚至穿上熊猫形状的衣服，以防他们的小朋友太过于熟悉人类而很容易被捕获。
十天前将淘淘放生于遥远的四川栗子坪自然保护区的照片，很快传遍了全世界，正如当局希望的那样，展示中国ZF十分人性化的一面，并传达当局坚定地拯救熊猫——这个国家的标志——免于灭绝的危险！

Today, Tao Tao is the only captive-bred giant panda in the wild. Officials boast that, if his release is a success, more young pandas will follow in his paw prints until the mountain forests of western China are once again home to a flourishing population.
If that is the vision served up to a credulous international audience, the reality is shockingly different. The truth is that wild pandas, their numbers already desperately low, are continuing to die out – their habitat disappearing beneath a tide of concrete as China’s economic juggernaut rolls on. It is entirely possible that there may be just a few hundred left.
Meanwhile the Chinese government makes millions lending captive-bred pandas to overseas zoos – including Edinburgh, which recently paid ￡6 million in a decade-long loan scheme.
Now one of China’s leading panda experts, with years of experience on the official breeding programme, has spoken out saying wild pandas have been driven to the brink of extinction, and that this much-vaunted programme of captive breeding not only traumatises young pandas, it puts the very survival of the species at risk.

“如今，淘淘是野外唯一一只人工繁育的大熊猫”，官员夸耀到，“如果它的放养成功了，那么将会有更多的大熊猫会放归大自然，中国西南地区的森林将会重新成为这个繁荣族群的栖息地。”
容易受骗的观众会相信这个说辞，而现实却是惊人的不同。真相是原本数量已经少得可怜的大熊猫，任然在逐渐消亡——当中国的经济车轮不停滚动的同时，大熊猫的栖息地正逐渐消失在混凝土森林中，它们非常有可能只剩下几百只而已。
而与此同时中国ZF正以数百万的价格租借人工圈养的大熊猫给外国的动物园——包括爱丁堡，他们刚以600万英镑的价格签了十年期的租借合同。
一个参与了ZF繁育大熊猫项目并有数年经验的专家说，野生大熊猫已经在灭绝的边缘，这个过分浮夸的项目（人工繁育）不仅伤害了熊猫，并且将危害到（熊猫）这个物种的基本生存

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-------------译者：evansan 审核者：tvenana-------------

Dr Sarah Bexell, director of Conservation Education at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, told The Mail on Sunday that captive-bred pandas are no more than a ‘caricature’ of the real thing and are unable to survive in the wild. Meanwhile, their natural habit continues to shrink at an alarming rate, under pressure from industrial development and the ‘raging fire’ of Chinese tourism.
That a senior figure within China should make such an intervention indicates how desperate the situation has become; such a candid portrayal of the panda’s plight is unprecedented. Other critics – those not employed by the Chinese government – are more forthright still, describing the ‘panda factory’ breeding centres as a fraud both on the Chinese public and the wider world.
China is currently conducting a new census to estimate how many giant pandas remain, the first since a decade ago when it was found that there were fewer than 1,600. Dr Bexell says she is ‘petrified’ at what the results might be.
It raises the alarming possibility that there might soon be more captive-bred giant pandas alive than wild ones.

Sarah Bexell博士，就职于成都大熊猫繁殖研究基地的美国环境教育专家，周日接受《每日邮报》采访时说，人工繁育的大熊猫不过是野生大熊猫的“可笑的模仿”，它们无法在野生环境中存活。与此同时，在工业发展的压力和中国如烈火般发展的旅游业下，它们自然的天性也以令人吃惊的速度消失着。
中国ZF如此干预大熊猫的数量恰恰显示了现状已经变得多么令人绝望，对大熊猫的困境作如此直白的描述是史无前例的。其它一些不受雇于中国ZF的评论家们甚至更加直言不讳：大熊猫繁育中心就是用来欺骗中国人民和国际社会的。
中国正在进行一项统计工作，统计存活着的大熊猫的数量。十年前这个数量是不到1600只。Bexell说她对将出炉的这个数据感觉非常不乐观。
现存的人工繁育的大熊猫的数量多于野生大熊猫的数量，已经非常可能了！



Dr Bexell, an American who has spent more than a decade working with pandas in China, has also expressed her views in a new book, written with Dr Zhang Zhihe, head of the Chengdu centre, who supplied the photographs.
Giant Pandas: Born Survivors will be published next month by Penguin Viking and exposes the failure to preserve the panda’s habitat, while more and more resources are pumped into a lucrative captive-breeding programme that has so far produced more than 300 pandas since 1963 – none of them capable ever of living beyond the confines of a zoo.
Dr Bexell, says she was spurred to write when she witnessed the destruction of panda habitat in Sichuan. She watched, aghast, as lorries belching diesel trundled through one of the reserves where some of the last remaining wild animals live. It is, she says, symptomatic of what is happening to wildlife globally, but the panda is one of the most vulnerable animals of all.
There are those who believe the captive breeding programme, although not a perfect answer, might, at the very least, arrest the decline in panda numbers. But the precedents are not encouraging.

贝可索博士是一个在中国从事了十多年熊猫研究工作的美国人，最近她与成都大熊猫繁育研究基地主任张志和合撰新书《Giant Pandas: Born Survivors》，张先生提供了一些照片。
《Giant Pandas: Born Survivors》下个月将由Penguin Viking出版社出版，书中揭露了在保护大熊猫栖息地方面做得十分失败，然而越来越多的资源却注入到“人工繁育”这个十分盈利的项目中去，自1963年以来，这个项目“生产”了超过300只大熊猫，这其中却没有一只大熊猫有能力生活在动物园之外的地方。
贝可索博士说，写这本书是因为她目睹了四川大熊猫栖息地遭到的破坏，她眼睁睁看着许多冒着柴油尾气的大货车驶过一个生活着很多珍稀动物的自然保护区，她说，这是在全世界野生动物身上正在发生的事，而大熊猫是其中最脆弱的物种之一。
有一部分人还是认可人工繁育大熊猫这个项目的，尽管它并不完美，但它阻止了大熊猫数量的下降趋势，但这个先例并不值得被鼓励和推行。

Tao Tao is following in the footsteps of another giant panda Xiang Xiang, the first captive-bred panda released in the wild three years ago. He was found dead ten months later, apparently chased to his death by wild pandas. It was a major embarrassment.
Like Tao Tao, he had been well trained, using videos of leopards so he would recognise his natural enemies and footage of pandas of various sizes and ages.
When he was thought ready, Xiang Xiang was given a collar with a GPS tracking device and moved to the mountainous Quyipeng area of Wolong, home to more than ten wild pandas. He had already been injured in one fight, before he was found dead at the foot of a tree.
Researchers later say they believe he took refuge in a tree after a fight with the wild pandas and then fell to his death. Xiang Xiang’s demise was kept out of China’s tightly controlled state media for three months.
Before the modernisation of China, the giant panda’s habitat was an endless stretch of lush bamboo forests stretching from Burma, through Laos and Vietnam and deep into southwest China.

淘淘的放生，追循的是另一只大熊猫“祥祥”相同的路径。三年前，祥祥是第一只放归野外的人工繁育的大熊猫。然而十个月后，它的生命在于野生大熊猫的生存之战中戛然而止，多么令人尴尬的状况。
像淘淘一样，祥祥也接受了野化训练，训练人员利用了豹子的影像资料来帮助祥祥识别天敌，并教它识别不同体型和年龄的大熊猫的足迹。
当一切准备就绪后，祥祥戴上了具有GPS（全球卫星定位系统）追踪功能的项圈，放生于生活着十多只野生大熊猫的卧龙自然保护区“五一棚”区域。随后它在一场打斗中受伤，并被发现死在一棵树下。
研究人员随后说，他们认为祥祥死于与野生大熊猫的打斗。在中国严格的新闻管控下，祥祥的死隐瞒了公众三个月之久。
在中国的现代化进程启动之前，大熊猫的栖息地十分宽广，可供熊猫栖息的竹林，从缅甸，老挝，越南一直延伸到中国西南地区。

-------------译者：猫记 审核者：tvenana-------------

Today, the world’s last remaining wild pandas – whose existence Dr Bexell and other experts believe is now in severe jeopardy – are hidden away in small pockets along six mountain ranges flanking the Tibetan plateau.
There are 62 reserves with a combined area of 10,000 square miles, equivalent to the size of Northumberland, in a country 40 times the size of Britain. The pockets of land are fragmented and shrinking due to mining and relentless industrial development, not to mention the demand for housing. Some reserves are less than a mile wide.
Experts agree that so-called bamboo corridors are needed to link the pockets of habitat so pandas can mix and mate and broaden their gene pool, an essential requisite to the survival of the species. But as the captive-breeding programme marches forward, there is scant evidence of anything being done to create these vital connections.
In some cases, the reserves are no more than token gestures. According to Dr Bexell, there are designated panda reserves that don’t have any pandas at all.
As well as mining and agriculture, the panda’s habitat is at increasing risk from Chinese tourists who head out in their droves to western China to revel in the mountain scenery and look for pandas in the wild.

如今，贝可索博士和其他一些专家认为世界上仅存的野生大熊猫的生存环境处于严峻的形势下。它们藏身在青藏高原侧面的六个山脉之间的一小片土地上。
在约合英国国土40倍大小的国家里，这儿有着相当于诺森伯兰郡大小，面积共计10000平方英里的62个保护区。这块土地由于采矿业和连续的工业发展而四分五裂，日益缩小。更不用提对房屋的需求。一些保护区甚至不到一英里宽。
专家们一致认为，需要建立所谓的竹子走廊来连接这些栖息地，通过这种措施，各栖息地的熊猫可以混合起来，进行交配，从而扩大他们的基因池。这对一个物种的存续来说，是必不可少的。但随着圈养计划的推进，鲜有证据表明建立这些至关重要连接的相关工作正在进行。
有时候，这些保护区不过就是象征性的而已。据贝可索博士所说，有些保护区内根本就没有熊猫。
和采矿业和农业一样，那些来到中国西部山区，陶醉于自然风光和想在野外寻找熊猫的中国游客们，也增加了熊猫栖息地的风险。



With breathtaking insensitivity, tour groups wolf down meat from red pandas, an unrelated cat-sized mammal that is listed as vulnerable, on their visits to the reserves. Meanwhile, hotels and roads proliferate without any apparent regard for the giant panda’s habitat.
Dr Bexell’s book says that the spread of tourism into the reserves has significantly increased the hazards pushing giant pandas towards extinction.
‘Wealthy new Chinese tourists buy their North Face hiking gear and head into the reserves, staying in home stays and eating wild animals,’ she says. ‘Red pandas are on every menu. That is the new big delicacy now.
‘The tourists all want to eat wild and organic mushrooms and bamboo shoots, more than ever as they are scared of the poison in mass-produced foods. They trample in the experimental zones of nature reserves and take what they can from the land.
‘These tourists also require infrastructure, roads, hotels, electricity, sanitation – the list goes on and on. And then there’s the noise and light pollution.
‘There is karaoke belting out into the night and into the nature reserves. There’s nothing more unsettling to animals than artificial noise and light.’

反应迟钝的旅游团在探访保护区的旅程中，狼吞虎咽地吃下小熊猫的肉。小熊猫是一类与熊猫不相干的脆弱的哺乳动物，体型跟猫差不多大小。与此同时，在根本没有考虑大熊猫的栖息地的情况下，酒店和道路的数量激增。
贝可素博士的书中写到，保护区内旅游业的扩张已经大幅增加了导致大熊猫灭绝的危险。
“富有的新一代中国游客带着他们购买的North Face徒步旅行装备一头扎进了保护区。他们居住在当地居民家中，吃着保护区内的野生动物。”贝可素博士说道，“每个菜单上都列着小熊猫，小熊猫现在成为了新的美味佳肴。这些旅行者们都想吃到野生有机的蘑菇和竹笋，对批量生产的食品的毒性的恐惧感加深了这种需要。他们践踏着实验性质的自然保护区，带走一切他们能从这片土地上获得的东西。这些旅行者们还需要基础设施、道路、酒店、电力设施、卫生设施，这份需求清单还在不断增加。然后就给这里带来了噪音污染和光污染。自然保护区的夜幕下，还有着卡拉OK引吭高歌的声音。没有什么比人工噪音和光线更能让野生动物感到不安的东西了。”

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-------------译者：evansan 审核者：tvenana-------------

While the wild pandas are forced further back into their shrinking reserves, captive pandas are being born at the rate of more than 30 a year, their pictures beamed around the world in a succession of cute photo opportunities with every new batch of arrivals.
The captive-bred pandas, says Dr Bexell, are no substitute for the real thing. Moreover, in sucking up attention and investment, they are a distraction from the true plight of pandas in the wild and their ever-shrinking habitat.
‘The creatures we create in captivity are a caricature of wild animals. The cute, fluffy panda stories that we always read, where the scientists are saving the panda and everything is OK, are actually hurting the wild pandas.
‘Wild pandas are switched on and primed all the time to constantly sense all that is going on around them. Captivity, on the other hand, dulls that sense. Their life is pre-programmed. They are bored and have no need to think. It is like being in jail.’
Not that releasing them is any help. Indeed, an increasing number of experts believe that sending  these ‘socially inadequate’ animals into the wild is cruel.

当野生大熊猫因为栖息地的收缩被逼的越来越走投无路的同时，人工繁育的大熊猫的数量却以每年三十多只的数量递增着，一张张可爱的大熊猫的照片传遍全世界。
贝克索博士说到，人工繁育的大熊猫根本无法代替野生大熊猫，此外当人工繁育的大熊猫吸引着全世界的目光和投资的时候，野生大熊猫及其栖息地的困境却逐渐被忽视。
“人工繁育出的这些动物对野生动物来说是莫大的讽刺，我们总是看到这种新闻，可爱的大熊猫的故事，科学家们正在努力拯救它们，一切都呈现出欣欣向荣的态势之类的，这对野生大熊猫始终伤害，非常不公平。”
“野生大熊猫的处境本应该得到人们持续的关注，但人工繁育大熊猫的出现淡化了这种关注，它们的生活是被安排好了的，它们本身并不需要做任何事情，这无异于生活在监狱里。”
当然，人工圈养大熊猫的放生也并不是完全没有意义，事实上，现在越来越多的专家认为，将这种不能胜任自己在自然中的角色的动物放归野外，是件很残忍的事情