超级军网中国准备明年推出两种小型化的东四平台的同步通讯卫星
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/29 12:59:27
中国准备明年推出两种采用锂离子电池和离子电推进的小型化东四平台的同步通讯卫星。卫星重量减轻后可以使用推力小一些的火箭，降低成本。
http://www.spacenews.com/satelli ... se-telecom-sat.html
Thu, 4 October, 2012
China Plans 2013 Release for 2 New Telecom Satellite Options
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By Peter B. de Selding
NAPLES, Italy — The Chinese Academy of Space Technology plans to introduce its two new versions of China’s DFH-4 telecommunications satellite platform starting next year, both featuring lithium-ion batteries and the option of ion-electric propulsion, an academy official said Oct. 4.
Both versions are intended to strengthen China’s position in the global market for telecommunications platforms.
In a presentation here to the 63rd International Astronautical Congress, Yongxuan Xiao said that “with great support from [China’s] native satellite operator,” the first small-class version of DFH-4, called the 4S, will make its qualification flight as part of a commercial mission operated by China Satellite Communications Co. Ltd.
The DFH-4S is designed to be small enough to fit onto a Chinese Long March 3C rocket, which is less expensive than the Long March 3B vehicle that currently orbits China’s telecommunications satellites.
At 3.2 meters tall and with a maximum launch weight of 3,800 kilograms, the DHF-4S is smaller than the standard-version DFH-4 now being flown, and considerably smaller than the DFH-4E, which is also scheduled to be ready for flight in the next two years.
DFH-4E will weigh up to 6,000 kilograms at launch and deliver between 9 and 11 kilowatts of power to its payload. Xiao said qualification tests of the satellite’s principal subsystems will be completed in late 2012, and that it will be ready for sale to the market in 2013.
DFH-4 was introduced in 2006. After solar-array drive mechanism issues sharply reduced the life and functionality of two early versions, seven most recently launched models have worked well, with Venezuela’s Venesat-1 having accumulated more than three years of in-orbit service life.
Xiao said the ion-electric thrusters, which at the customer’s option may be used to replace conventional propellant to assure the satellite’s in-orbit stability, have accumulated more than 3,700 hours of lifetime tests. Electric propulsion offers substantial weight savings over conventional propulsion, which can be used to purchase a less-expensive rocket or to add more payload capacity.
Xiao said that for the moment, the electric propulsion designs for DFH-4S and the larger DFH-4E call for electric propulsion to be used only for station-keeping, and not in “full electric” mode to power the satellite from its transfer orbit after separation from its launch vehicle to final geostationary position.
Up to now, China has sold telecommunications satellites mainly as part of package deals that include a launch aboard a Chinese Long March rocket and insurance coverage. Xiao said the Chinese Academy of Space Technology’s goal is to break into export markets for the satellites themselves, with or without a Chinese rocket.
中国准备明年推出两种采用锂离子电池和离子电推进的小型化东四平台的同步通讯卫星。卫星重量减轻后可以使用推力小一些的火箭，降低成本。
http://www.spacenews.com/satelli ... se-telecom-sat.html
Thu, 4 October, 2012
China Plans 2013 Release for 2 New Telecom Satellite Options
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By Peter B. de Selding
NAPLES, Italy — The Chinese Academy of Space Technology plans to introduce its two new versions of China’s DFH-4 telecommunications satellite platform starting next year, both featuring lithium-ion batteries and the option of ion-electric propulsion, an academy official said Oct. 4.
Both versions are intended to strengthen China’s position in the global market for telecommunications platforms.
In a presentation here to the 63rd International Astronautical Congress, Yongxuan Xiao said that “with great support from [China’s] native satellite operator,” the first small-class version of DFH-4, called the 4S, will make its qualification flight as part of a commercial mission operated by China Satellite Communications Co. Ltd.
The DFH-4S is designed to be small enough to fit onto a Chinese Long March 3C rocket, which is less expensive than the Long March 3B vehicle that currently orbits China’s telecommunications satellites.
At 3.2 meters tall and with a maximum launch weight of 3,800 kilograms, the DHF-4S is smaller than the standard-version DFH-4 now being flown, and considerably smaller than the DFH-4E, which is also scheduled to be ready for flight in the next two years.
DFH-4E will weigh up to 6,000 kilograms at launch and deliver between 9 and 11 kilowatts of power to its payload. Xiao said qualification tests of the satellite’s principal subsystems will be completed in late 2012, and that it will be ready for sale to the market in 2013.
DFH-4 was introduced in 2006. After solar-array drive mechanism issues sharply reduced the life and functionality of two early versions, seven most recently launched models have worked well, with Venezuela’s Venesat-1 having accumulated more than three years of in-orbit service life.
Xiao said the ion-electric thrusters, which at the customer’s option may be used to replace conventional propellant to assure the satellite’s in-orbit stability, have accumulated more than 3,700 hours of lifetime tests. Electric propulsion offers substantial weight savings over conventional propulsion, which can be used to purchase a less-expensive rocket or to add more payload capacity.
Xiao said that for the moment, the electric propulsion designs for DFH-4S and the larger DFH-4E call for electric propulsion to be used only for station-keeping, and not in “full electric” mode to power the satellite from its transfer orbit after separation from its launch vehicle to final geostationary position.
Up to now, China has sold telecommunications satellites mainly as part of package deals that include a launch aboard a Chinese Long March rocket and insurance coverage. Xiao said the Chinese Academy of Space Technology’s goal is to break into export markets for the satellites themselves, with or without a Chinese rocket.
http://www.spacenews.com/satelli ... se-telecom-sat.html
Thu, 4 October, 2012
China Plans 2013 Release for 2 New Telecom Satellite Options
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By Peter B. de Selding
NAPLES, Italy — The Chinese Academy of Space Technology plans to introduce its two new versions of China’s DFH-4 telecommunications satellite platform starting next year, both featuring lithium-ion batteries and the option of ion-electric propulsion, an academy official said Oct. 4.
Both versions are intended to strengthen China’s position in the global market for telecommunications platforms.
In a presentation here to the 63rd International Astronautical Congress, Yongxuan Xiao said that “with great support from [China’s] native satellite operator,” the first small-class version of DFH-4, called the 4S, will make its qualification flight as part of a commercial mission operated by China Satellite Communications Co. Ltd.
The DFH-4S is designed to be small enough to fit onto a Chinese Long March 3C rocket, which is less expensive than the Long March 3B vehicle that currently orbits China’s telecommunications satellites.
At 3.2 meters tall and with a maximum launch weight of 3,800 kilograms, the DHF-4S is smaller than the standard-version DFH-4 now being flown, and considerably smaller than the DFH-4E, which is also scheduled to be ready for flight in the next two years.
DFH-4E will weigh up to 6,000 kilograms at launch and deliver between 9 and 11 kilowatts of power to its payload. Xiao said qualification tests of the satellite’s principal subsystems will be completed in late 2012, and that it will be ready for sale to the market in 2013.
DFH-4 was introduced in 2006. After solar-array drive mechanism issues sharply reduced the life and functionality of two early versions, seven most recently launched models have worked well, with Venezuela’s Venesat-1 having accumulated more than three years of in-orbit service life.
Xiao said the ion-electric thrusters, which at the customer’s option may be used to replace conventional propellant to assure the satellite’s in-orbit stability, have accumulated more than 3,700 hours of lifetime tests. Electric propulsion offers substantial weight savings over conventional propulsion, which can be used to purchase a less-expensive rocket or to add more payload capacity.
Xiao said that for the moment, the electric propulsion designs for DFH-4S and the larger DFH-4E call for electric propulsion to be used only for station-keeping, and not in “full electric” mode to power the satellite from its transfer orbit after separation from its launch vehicle to final geostationary position.
Up to now, China has sold telecommunications satellites mainly as part of package deals that include a launch aboard a Chinese Long March rocket and insurance coverage. Xiao said the Chinese Academy of Space Technology’s goal is to break into export markets for the satellites themselves, with or without a Chinese rocket.
中国准备明年推出两种采用锂离子电池和离子电推进的小型化东四平台的同步通讯卫星。卫星重量减轻后可以使用推力小一些的火箭，降低成本。
http://www.spacenews.com/satelli ... se-telecom-sat.html
Thu, 4 October, 2012
China Plans 2013 Release for 2 New Telecom Satellite Options
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By Peter B. de Selding
NAPLES, Italy — The Chinese Academy of Space Technology plans to introduce its two new versions of China’s DFH-4 telecommunications satellite platform starting next year, both featuring lithium-ion batteries and the option of ion-electric propulsion, an academy official said Oct. 4.
Both versions are intended to strengthen China’s position in the global market for telecommunications platforms.
In a presentation here to the 63rd International Astronautical Congress, Yongxuan Xiao said that “with great support from [China’s] native satellite operator,” the first small-class version of DFH-4, called the 4S, will make its qualification flight as part of a commercial mission operated by China Satellite Communications Co. Ltd.
The DFH-4S is designed to be small enough to fit onto a Chinese Long March 3C rocket, which is less expensive than the Long March 3B vehicle that currently orbits China’s telecommunications satellites.
At 3.2 meters tall and with a maximum launch weight of 3,800 kilograms, the DHF-4S is smaller than the standard-version DFH-4 now being flown, and considerably smaller than the DFH-4E, which is also scheduled to be ready for flight in the next two years.
DFH-4E will weigh up to 6,000 kilograms at launch and deliver between 9 and 11 kilowatts of power to its payload. Xiao said qualification tests of the satellite’s principal subsystems will be completed in late 2012, and that it will be ready for sale to the market in 2013.
DFH-4 was introduced in 2006. After solar-array drive mechanism issues sharply reduced the life and functionality of two early versions, seven most recently launched models have worked well, with Venezuela’s Venesat-1 having accumulated more than three years of in-orbit service life.
Xiao said the ion-electric thrusters, which at the customer’s option may be used to replace conventional propellant to assure the satellite’s in-orbit stability, have accumulated more than 3,700 hours of lifetime tests. Electric propulsion offers substantial weight savings over conventional propulsion, which can be used to purchase a less-expensive rocket or to add more payload capacity.
Xiao said that for the moment, the electric propulsion designs for DFH-4S and the larger DFH-4E call for electric propulsion to be used only for station-keeping, and not in “full electric” mode to power the satellite from its transfer orbit after separation from its launch vehicle to final geostationary position.
Up to now, China has sold telecommunications satellites mainly as part of package deals that include a launch aboard a Chinese Long March rocket and insurance coverage. Xiao said the Chinese Academy of Space Technology’s goal is to break into export markets for the satellites themselves, with or without a Chinese rocket.
什么叫小型化东四？为什么不叫东三？
东方红四号增强型平台研制启动
将使我国通信卫星研制技术在长寿命、高可靠性上实现新突破
本报讯 为进一步加快我国通信卫星产业化进程，应对来自国际通信卫星市场的激烈竞争，五院近日启动了东方红四号增强型卫星平台研制工程。
东方红四号卫星平台是我国2001年开始研发的大型通信卫星平台，2006年完成了首颗正样星的研制工作，并实现了我国大型通信卫星出口零的突破。目前，我国使用该平台已成功研制和发射了8颗卫星，产品日益成熟可靠，应用逐渐普及。此外，还有9颗卫星在研，多颗卫星处于论证与市场开拓状态。
该平台的开发应用，使我国通信卫星研制技术在长寿命、高可靠性上实现了突破，促进我国民族通信卫星事业的国际地位得以提升，通信卫星也成为我国航天器进军国际市场的拳头产品。
面对国际通信卫星研制技术的日益进步和市场的蓬勃发展，我国通信卫星研制技术和产业化面临较大的竞争。在应用数量、承载能力、规划与演进路线上，东方红四号平台与国际主流卫星平台仍存在一定的差距。通过不断的技术改进，持续提升东方红四号平台的能力，已成为快速应对市场需求与平稳发展平台技术的关键。
据了解，我国东方红四号增强型平台的发展目标和技术途径为，在继承东方红四号卫星平台基本型技术的基础上进行技术创新，通过采用大量现有的卫星工程新技术，着力解决增加卫星服务寿命和提升有效载荷容量等问题。
为了在较短时间内研制出东方红四号增强型卫星平台，负责平台研制的该院通信卫星事业部将在现有的电推进、综合电子、锂离子电池、南北板热耦合等成熟技术的基础上，进行适应性修改，从而保证平台产品在较短时间内完成开发和应用。目前，研制团队正在对所涉及的大承载能力结构、重叠天线技术、多层通信舱技术、大功率配电等关键技术进行攻关，预计将在2013年完成平台开发及相关工作，达到产品成熟、技术先进、具备市场推广条件的要求。
据悉，在前不久召开的卫星通信研讨会上，有关专家曾呼吁，鉴于通信卫星平台是提升一个国家通信卫星整体水平、促进其行业化和产业化应用的基础，具有公用性、整体性和战略性意义，建议政府应借鉴国际航天的经验，加大支持力度，促进持续投入，确保平台顺利开发并及早推向市场；以此不断提升我国商业通信卫星的竞争实力，并实现由政府型市场主导向成熟国际运营商主导的转变。(孙宏金)
http://210.82.31.84:9000/rp/fs/cp/98/36/20120914/2/content_0.htm
补个中文的。
将使我国通信卫星研制技术在长寿命、高可靠性上实现新突破
本报讯 为进一步加快我国通信卫星产业化进程，应对来自国际通信卫星市场的激烈竞争，五院近日启动了东方红四号增强型卫星平台研制工程。
东方红四号卫星平台是我国2001年开始研发的大型通信卫星平台，2006年完成了首颗正样星的研制工作，并实现了我国大型通信卫星出口零的突破。目前，我国使用该平台已成功研制和发射了8颗卫星，产品日益成熟可靠，应用逐渐普及。此外，还有9颗卫星在研，多颗卫星处于论证与市场开拓状态。
该平台的开发应用，使我国通信卫星研制技术在长寿命、高可靠性上实现了突破，促进我国民族通信卫星事业的国际地位得以提升，通信卫星也成为我国航天器进军国际市场的拳头产品。
面对国际通信卫星研制技术的日益进步和市场的蓬勃发展，我国通信卫星研制技术和产业化面临较大的竞争。在应用数量、承载能力、规划与演进路线上，东方红四号平台与国际主流卫星平台仍存在一定的差距。通过不断的技术改进，持续提升东方红四号平台的能力，已成为快速应对市场需求与平稳发展平台技术的关键。
据了解，我国东方红四号增强型平台的发展目标和技术途径为，在继承东方红四号卫星平台基本型技术的基础上进行技术创新，通过采用大量现有的卫星工程新技术，着力解决增加卫星服务寿命和提升有效载荷容量等问题。
为了在较短时间内研制出东方红四号增强型卫星平台，负责平台研制的该院通信卫星事业部将在现有的电推进、综合电子、锂离子电池、南北板热耦合等成熟技术的基础上，进行适应性修改，从而保证平台产品在较短时间内完成开发和应用。目前，研制团队正在对所涉及的大承载能力结构、重叠天线技术、多层通信舱技术、大功率配电等关键技术进行攻关，预计将在2013年完成平台开发及相关工作，达到产品成熟、技术先进、具备市场推广条件的要求。
据悉，在前不久召开的卫星通信研讨会上，有关专家曾呼吁，鉴于通信卫星平台是提升一个国家通信卫星整体水平、促进其行业化和产业化应用的基础，具有公用性、整体性和战略性意义，建议政府应借鉴国际航天的经验，加大支持力度，促进持续投入，确保平台顺利开发并及早推向市场；以此不断提升我国商业通信卫星的竞争实力，并实现由政府型市场主导向成熟国际运营商主导的转变。(孙宏金)
http://210.82.31.84:9000/rp/fs/cp/98/36/20120914/2/content_0.htm
补个中文的。
lvshen 发表于 2012-10-6 11:41 ![]()
东方红四号增强型平台研制启动
将使我国通信卫星研制技术在长寿命、高可靠性上实现新突破
谢谢，这一步成功了，卫星就有了竞争力，运载火箭的生意自然就来了。
有人要无路可走了。
东方红四号增强型平台研制启动
将使我国通信卫星研制技术在长寿命、高可靠性上实现新突破
谢谢，这一步成功了，卫星就有了竞争力，运载火箭的生意自然就来了。
有人要无路可走了。
rongzhili.au 发表于 2012-10-6 13:07 ![]()
谢谢，这一步成功了，卫星就有了竞争力，运载火箭的生意自然就来了。
有人要无路可走了。
某鸡：
兔子可能窃密，所以再贵也要在白头鸟家发射，他不会窃密，因为白头鸟是干爹。
谢谢，这一步成功了，卫星就有了竞争力，运载火箭的生意自然就来了。
有人要无路可走了。
某鸡：
兔子可能窃密，所以再贵也要在白头鸟家发射，他不会窃密，因为白头鸟是干爹。体育老师 发表于 2012-10-6 20:05 ![]()
某鸡：兔子可能窃密，所以再贵也要在白头鸟家发射，他不会窃密，因为白头鸟是干爹。
那是极少数，多数国家不会跟自己的钱包过不去。
某鸡：兔子可能窃密，所以再贵也要在白头鸟家发射，他不会窃密，因为白头鸟是干爹。
那是极少数，多数国家不会跟自己的钱包过不去。
体育老师 发表于 2012-10-6 20:05 ![]()
某鸡：兔子可能窃密，所以再贵也要在白头鸟家发射，他不会窃密，因为白头鸟是干爹。
至少在白头鸟家发射商业卫星，是钱多了，烧的！
某鸡：兔子可能窃密，所以再贵也要在白头鸟家发射，他不会窃密，因为白头鸟是干爹。
至少在白头鸟家发射商业卫星，是钱多了，烧的！
东方红4号平台的可靠性怎么样了，有改观没有？
rongzhili.au 发表于 2012-10-6 13:07 ![]()
谢谢，这一步成功了，卫星就有了竞争力，运载火箭的生意自然就来了。
有人要无路可走了。
运载火箭要能复用，成本才能降下来，生意才能多，美帝下一代运载火箭的助推器和芯一级全是复用的，只有芯二级是一次性
一次性使用的运载火箭，注定没有性价比
另外，美帝禁止中国发射带有美国载荷的卫星，这实际上就抢掉了很多生意，没有几个卫星是不带美国载荷的
谢谢，这一步成功了，卫星就有了竞争力，运载火箭的生意自然就来了。
有人要无路可走了。
运载火箭要能复用，成本才能降下来，生意才能多，美帝下一代运载火箭的助推器和芯一级全是复用的，只有芯二级是一次性
一次性使用的运载火箭，注定没有性价比
另外，美帝禁止中国发射带有美国载荷的卫星，这实际上就抢掉了很多生意，没有几个卫星是不带美国载荷的
F44 发表于 2012-10-7 03:48 ![]()
运载火箭要能复用，成本才能降下来，生意才能多，美帝下一代运载火箭的助推器和芯一级全是复用的，只有芯 ...
运载火箭要能复用，成本才能降下来，生意才能多，固体火箭发动机是不可能复用的，任何人说他们的可以都只能是吹牛。液体火箭发动机，目前试验了回收而且成功地，只有中国一家。
一次性使用的运载火箭，特别是液氢燃料火箭，注定没有性价比
另外，美帝禁止中国发射带有美国载荷的卫星，现在可以抢掉了很多生意，但是最终只能毁了美国卫星行业，归根到底，这是强买强卖。
运载火箭要能复用，成本才能降下来，生意才能多，美帝下一代运载火箭的助推器和芯一级全是复用的，只有芯 ...
运载火箭要能复用，成本才能降下来，生意才能多，固体火箭发动机是不可能复用的，任何人说他们的可以都只能是吹牛。液体火箭发动机，目前试验了回收而且成功地，只有中国一家。
一次性使用的运载火箭，特别是液氢燃料火箭，注定没有性价比
另外，美帝禁止中国发射带有美国载荷的卫星，现在可以抢掉了很多生意，但是最终只能毁了美国卫星行业，归根到底，这是强买强卖。
从来没觉得重复使用的火箭可以降低成本。
rongzhili.au 发表于 2012-10-7 05:44
运载火箭要能复用，成本才能降下来，生意才能多，固体火箭发动机是不可能复用的，任何人说他们的可以都只 ...
固体火箭有发动机嘛？有些人确实会说这个词，但那是指整个固体火箭，而不是固体火箭上的什么发动机，固体火箭上没发动机，除了喷管以外没运动部件。您要先知道什么是固体火箭，再去侃大山。而且，从1981年航天飞机上天开始，固体火箭就已经开始重复使用，134次回收和再发射，您应该知道吧。
我没记错的话当初新闻说的是实验平台的液体火箭发动机做了回收实验，类似实验美帝和毛子都搞过不知道多少次，这个主要用来试验发动机，而不是运载火箭回收技术。所有液体燃料发动机都可以做到复用，关键在于运载火箭回收技术。
rongzhili.au 发表于 2012-10-7 05:44
运载火箭要能复用，成本才能降下来，生意才能多，固体火箭发动机是不可能复用的，任何人说他们的可以都只 ...
固体火箭有发动机嘛？有些人确实会说这个词，但那是指整个固体火箭，而不是固体火箭上的什么发动机，固体火箭上没发动机，除了喷管以外没运动部件。您要先知道什么是固体火箭，再去侃大山。而且，从1981年航天飞机上天开始，固体火箭就已经开始重复使用，134次回收和再发射，您应该知道吧。
我没记错的话当初新闻说的是实验平台的液体火箭发动机做了回收实验，类似实验美帝和毛子都搞过不知道多少次，这个主要用来试验发动机，而不是运载火箭回收技术。所有液体燃料发动机都可以做到复用，关键在于运载火箭回收技术。
是简化版的DFH-4S和增强版的DFH-4E
东方红5号平台啥时能出来啊
F44 发表于 2012-10-7 10:27 ![]()
固体火箭有发动机嘛？有些人确实会说这个词，但那是指整个固体火箭，而不是固体火箭上的什么发动机，固 ...
看你天真，就给你科普一次：
英文中固体火箭叫motor，液体火箭叫engine，但是中文都叫它们发动机。
航天飞机的初衷是要回收复用固体火箭助推器的，但是从1981年航天飞机上天开始，固体火箭回收后就从来没有重复使用的，回收可以从新制造后（re-build)后，所以航天飞机的成本一直减少不了。
你记错了，美过和俄国从来没有成功回收运载火箭的液体燃料发动机。但是美国航天飞机的液体火箭发动机是都可以做到复用。
固体火箭有发动机嘛？有些人确实会说这个词，但那是指整个固体火箭，而不是固体火箭上的什么发动机，固 ...
看你天真，就给你科普一次：
英文中固体火箭叫motor，液体火箭叫engine，但是中文都叫它们发动机。
航天飞机的初衷是要回收复用固体火箭助推器的，但是从1981年航天飞机上天开始，固体火箭回收后就从来没有重复使用的，回收可以从新制造后（re-build)后，所以航天飞机的成本一直减少不了。
你记错了，美过和俄国从来没有成功回收运载火箭的液体燃料发动机。但是美国航天飞机的液体火箭发动机是都可以做到复用。
lsquirrel 发表于 2012-10-7 11:02 ![]()
是简化版的DFH-4S和增强版的DFH-4E
你说对了，我说错了。是一个小型化，一个增强版。
是简化版的DFH-4S和增强版的DFH-4E
你说对了，我说错了。是一个小型化，一个增强版。
rongzhili.au 发表于 2012-10-7 12:58 ![]()
看你天真，就给你科普一次：
英文中固体火箭叫motor，液体火箭叫engine，但是中文都叫它们发动机。
航天 ...
航天飞机的成本减不下来的责任跟SRB从来关系不大，SRB在整个航天飞机的体系里是成本控制比较好的部分了，回收后的复用情况也是可以的。
看你天真，就给你科普一次：
英文中固体火箭叫motor，液体火箭叫engine，但是中文都叫它们发动机。
航天 ...
航天飞机的成本减不下来的责任跟SRB从来关系不大，SRB在整个航天飞机的体系里是成本控制比较好的部分了，回收后的复用情况也是可以的。
南极冰 发表于 2012-10-7 13:35 ![]()
航天飞机的成本减不下来的责任跟SRB从来关系不大，SRB在整个航天飞机的体系里是成本控制比较好的部分了， ...
航天飞机主发动机的维护费用都快和同级别的RS68造价差不多了
航天飞机的成本减不下来的责任跟SRB从来关系不大，SRB在整个航天飞机的体系里是成本控制比较好的部分了， ...
航天飞机主发动机的维护费用都快和同级别的RS68造价差不多了
2012-10-7 14:16 上传
F44 发表于 2012-10-7 03:48 ![]()
运载火箭要能复用，成本才能降下来，生意才能多，美帝下一代运载火箭的助推器和芯一级全是复用的，只有芯 ...
可复用载具在研发和技术队伍上的投入比一次性火箭多得多，要发射次数多任务频率高才能显示出经济性，航天飞机如果能做到最初设想的每年60次任务，经济性一样很好。但由于卫星寿命越来越长等因素，全球的发射市场自90年代以来增长很慢，美国更是完全放弃了卫星商业发射市场，对波音洛马来说在商业市场上辛辛苦苦赚几个钱哪有联合起来垄断市场宰联邦政府来的爽.
复用的问题其实是个悖论，任务次数上不去,就显示不出复用的优势,反过来入轨成本就降不下来,创造不出新需求,市场就始终缺乏增长的动力.商业企业承担不起这个风险,还是要靠政府机构来做启动用户
SpaceX在搞猎鹰火箭的第一级复用，成败还有待观察，USAF在研究可飞回的第一级，这两个在2020年前都不太可能投入使用. 洛马的雅典娜3，OSC的心宿二都是传统的一次性火箭。NASA的SLS没有复用部分，5段SRB也是一次性使用，就是因为任务频率太低，壳子捞回来再装填并不划算
运载火箭要能复用，成本才能降下来，生意才能多，美帝下一代运载火箭的助推器和芯一级全是复用的，只有芯 ...
可复用载具在研发和技术队伍上的投入比一次性火箭多得多，要发射次数多任务频率高才能显示出经济性，航天飞机如果能做到最初设想的每年60次任务，经济性一样很好。但由于卫星寿命越来越长等因素，全球的发射市场自90年代以来增长很慢，美国更是完全放弃了卫星商业发射市场，对波音洛马来说在商业市场上辛辛苦苦赚几个钱哪有联合起来垄断市场宰联邦政府来的爽.
复用的问题其实是个悖论，任务次数上不去,就显示不出复用的优势,反过来入轨成本就降不下来,创造不出新需求,市场就始终缺乏增长的动力.商业企业承担不起这个风险,还是要靠政府机构来做启动用户
SpaceX在搞猎鹰火箭的第一级复用，成败还有待观察，USAF在研究可飞回的第一级，这两个在2020年前都不太可能投入使用. 洛马的雅典娜3，OSC的心宿二都是传统的一次性火箭。NASA的SLS没有复用部分，5段SRB也是一次性使用，就是因为任务频率太低，壳子捞回来再装填并不划算