超级军网奥巴马签署《国防授权法》可对美国公民无限期军事拘押
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/28 18:04:50
原题：Obama Signs Defense Bill Despite ‘Serious Reservations’ /奥巴马签署国防开支法，尽管“持严重保留意见”
来源：赫芬顿邮报（虽说用了Times的图，图上所写是“我们所需的改变 嗨——奥巴马 欢迎回到30年代”）
感谢乱做作业的纠正
WASHINGTON — Indefinite military detention of Americans became the law of the land Saturday, as President Barack Obama signed a defense bill* that codified that authority, even as he said he would not use it.
华盛顿——本周六，对美国人施以无限期军事拘留成为了一条国法，因为奥巴马总统已经签署一项国防预算法案将此项权力编篡为法律条文，尽管他说他不会使用此权力。
The National Defense Authorization Act states how the military is to be funded, but also includes a number of controversial provisions on arresting and holding suspected terrorists, which at first drove Obama to threaten a veto.
《国防授权法案》陈述军队如何获取资金，但也包含许多有关逮捕和关押恐怖嫌犯的争议条款，这使得奥巴马起初曾威胁动用否决权。
*（译注）defense bill 原意近似于国防预算
He retreated from that threat after Congress added provisions that took the ultimate authority to detain suspects from the military’s hands and gave it to the president. Congress also clarified that civilian law enforcement agencies — such as the FBI — would still have authority to investigate terrorism and added a provision that asserts nothing in the detention measures changes current law regarding U.S. citizens.
当国会向法案中添加了某些条款，且将无限拘留权*从军队手里收回并转交总统之后，奥巴马从威胁的表态上后退。国会还发表声明说国民法律强制机构**——如FBI——将继续享有调查恐怖主义的权力，并增加了一项条款以说明在拘留措施方面并未改变针对美国公民的现行法律。
*（译注）这里的“无限”拘留权包括2方面，时间可无限长，地点无论美国境内或境内。
**（译注）civilian law enforcement agency/国民法律强制机构 这里用civilian意指FBI等是非军事机构，参见布什政府时期通过的爱国者法案。
Still, the signing on New Year’s Eve as few people were paying attention angered civil liberties advocates, who argue that the law for the first time spells out certain measures that have not actually been tested all the way to the Supreme Court, including the possibility of detaining citizens in military custody without trial for as long as there is a war on terror.
同时，这一签署安排在新年前夜，此时几乎没有人留意到那些愤怒的公民自由权力宣传者，他们指出这是在法律上首次罗列出未经最高法院任何方式审查的（损害公民自由权利的）具体措施，包括反恐战争期间可能未经审判对公民施以长时间军事羁押。
“President Obama’s action today is a blight on his legacy because he will forever be known as the president who signed indefinite detention without charge or trial into law,” said Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union.
“奥巴马总统今日的行为将使他的政治遗产蒙尘，因为他将永远作为签署未经诉讼或审判无限制拘留法令的总统为人所知。”美国公民自由联盟执行主席Anthony Romero说。
“The statute is particularly dangerous because it has no temporal or geographic limitations, and can be used by this and future presidents to militarily detain people captured far from any battlefield,” Romero added. “The ACLU will fight worldwide detention authority wherever we can, be it in court, in Congress or internationally.”
“此法令尤其危险，因为其中没有任何时间和地域的限制，而且可以被本届或将来的总统用以对战场之外逮捕的人进行军事拘留，”Romero补充道，“美国公民自由联盟（ACLU）将在世界范围随时随刻与拘留权做斗争，无论是在法庭、国会还是国际上。”
The administration was especially sensitive about the law and about reaction to the president signing it. In addition to enacting the measure while few people were paying attention — and many opponents still had hopes the president would veto the bill — the White House added a signing statement specifying that the Obama administration would not detain Americans without trial. The White House also sent out a notice to its online community highlighting Obama’s complaints with the law, in a tacit admission that many of the president’s more ardent supporters despise the detention provisions.
当局对该法律本身及签署法律所激起的反应尤其敏感。除了将拘留措施法律化的时机选在无人关注的时刻之外——（因为）很多反对者仍希望总统否决该法案——白宫还附带发布了一项总统签字声明，强调奥巴马政府不会未经审判拘留美国人。白宫还在其网上社区里发送了一条消息来彰显奥巴马对这项法律的不满，心照不宣地承认了总统的支持者大多鄙视拘留法条。
“I have signed this bill despite having serious reservations with certain provisions that regulate the detention, interrogation, and prosecution of suspected terrorists,” Obama said in the signing statement.
“我已签署此预算法案，尽管我对其中特定条款持强烈保留意见，包括那些规定对恐怖嫌犯施行拘留、审讯和起诉的条款。
Presidents issue such statements when they feel a law conflicts with the executive’s constitutional powers. Obama criticized them during the Bush administration, but has found the practice useful on a handful of occasions.
这类声明通常在总统发觉某项法律与执政当局的宪法权力有所抵触时发布。奥巴马在布什政府期间曾批评这种做法，但现在他已经发现此做法在某些场合下确实用得着。
In this case, Obama argued that the changes Congress made to the bill affirm only authorities that the Bush and Obama administrations have already claimed in fighting terrorism. But he noted that the codification of those powers in law was unnecessary and perhaps harmful. And he insisted he would not use the powers to detain citizens without tria
这一次，奥巴马争辩说，国会对法案作出的修正只是重新申明了布什政府和奥巴马政府在打击恐怖主义时已宣称拥有的职权。但是他注意到将这些职权法律化没有必要而且可能是有害的。同时，他坚持他不会动用未经审判拘留公民的权力。
“I want to clarify that my administration will not authorize the indefinite military detention without trial of American citizens,” Obama wrote. “Indeed, I believe that doing so would break with our most important traditions and values as a Nation. My administration will interpret section 1021 [of the bill] in a manner that ensures that any detention it authorizes complies with the Constitution, the laws of war, and all other applicable law.”
“我想声明我的政府不会授权对美国公民实施未经审讯的无限制军事拘留，”奥巴马写到，“实际上，我相信那样做将会破坏我们作为一个国家重要的传统和价值观。今后我的政府解释该法案1021款时，将采取合适的方式以确保任何经由此法案授权的拘留行为都遵守宪法、战争相关法律及其他适用的一切法律。”
Civil liberties advocates like Romero pointed out that once the provisions are law, however, they will be available to a President Newt Gingrich or Mitt Romney or any future president, who could choose to use the powers granted more aggressively.
然而，公民自由权利宣传者如Romero等指出，一旦这些条款成为法律，将有可能被未来的总统诸如Newt Gingrich或Mitt Romney等人使用，他们可能会选择更富侵略性地利用由此获得的权力。
（译注）本段提到的这两位均为共和党下届总统候选人。
“We are incredibly disappointed that President Obama signed this new law even though his administration had already claimed overly broad detention authority in court,” said Romero. “Any hope that the Obama administration would roll back the constitutional excesses of George Bush in the war on terror was extinguished today.”
“我们对奥巴马总统签署这项新法律非常失望，尽管他的政府已声明将拘留权保留给法庭。”Romero说，“我们对奥巴马政府能够终止乔治 布什在反恐战争中违宪的越权行为已不再抱有任何期望。”
Because of the provisions specifying that the new legislation does not change current law, the new law leaves the authority it grants open to interpretation and to the possibility — albeit in very difficult circumstances — of someone challenging a detention through the courts.
由于该法案相关条款中明确了指出新立法不具有更改现有法律的效力，因而此项新法律允许对拘留权做出开放的解释，并且——尽管处境将十分艰难——人们有可能通过法庭对拘留行为进行反抗。
“Thankfully, we have three branches of government, and the final word belongs to the Supreme Court, which has yet to rule on the scope of detention authority,” Romero said. “But Congress and the president also have a role to play in cleaning up the mess they have created, because no American citizen or anyone else should live in fear of this or any future president misusing the NDAA’s detention authority.”
“好在我们的政府是三权分立，而最终意见取决于已获权节制拘留权范围的最高法院，”Romero说，“但是，国会和总统有责任清除他们自己制造的混乱，因为任何美国公民或其他人都不应该生活在对现任或后任总统误签NDAA拘留授权的恐惧之中。”
Obama also said he will not abide by the law’s requirement to detain terror suspects using the military.
奥巴马还说他不会屈从于此法律的要求而动用军队羁押恐怖嫌犯。
“I reject any approach that would mandate military custody where law enforcement provides the best method of incapacitating a terrorist threat,” Obama said. “While section 1022 is unnecessary and has the potential to create uncertainty, I have signed the bill because I believe that this section can be interpreted and applied in a manner that avoids undue harm to our current operations.”
“我拒绝批准任何军事羁押，压制恐怖主义最好的手段就是严格执法。”奥巴马说，“而1022条款是不必要的且具有潜在的不确定性。我之所以签署此法案，是因为相信对该部分条款的解释和使用能够以不损害现行已生效法律的方式进行。”
Finally, he rejected a number of other provisions, saying the White House is concerned they interfere with the president’s constitutional powers and ability to fight terrorism.
最后，他拒绝了一系列其他条款，声称白宫担忧这些条款将干扰总统的宪法权力和反恐能力。
“My Administration will aggressively seek to mitigate those concerns through the design of implementation procedures and other authorities available to me as Chief Executive and Commander in Chief, will oppose any attempt to extend or expand them in the future, and will seek the repeal of any provisions that undermine the policies and values that have guided my Administration throughout my time in office,” Obama warned.
“我的政府将积极主动寻求通过设计法令执行程序或利用行政首脑和三军统帅的其他权限来缓解这些担忧，我将反对未来任何延伸或扩展此法令的企图，我在职期间将始终寻求废除任何侵蚀本届政府执政方针和价值准则的条款。”奥巴马警告说。
（完）
关于此法案的详细内容请见爬山虎论坛相关帖子原题：Obama Signs Defense Bill Despite ‘Serious Reservations’ /奥巴马签署国防开支法，尽管“持严重保留意见”
来源：赫芬顿邮报（虽说用了Times的图，图上所写是“我们所需的改变 嗨——奥巴马 欢迎回到30年代”）
感谢乱做作业的纠正
WASHINGTON — Indefinite military detention of Americans became the law of the land Saturday, as President Barack Obama signed a defense bill* that codified that authority, even as he said he would not use it.
华盛顿——本周六，对美国人施以无限期军事拘留成为了一条国法，因为奥巴马总统已经签署一项国防预算法案将此项权力编篡为法律条文，尽管他说他不会使用此权力。
The National Defense Authorization Act states how the military is to be funded, but also includes a number of controversial provisions on arresting and holding suspected terrorists, which at first drove Obama to threaten a veto.
《国防授权法案》陈述军队如何获取资金，但也包含许多有关逮捕和关押恐怖嫌犯的争议条款，这使得奥巴马起初曾威胁动用否决权。
*（译注）defense bill 原意近似于国防预算
He retreated from that threat after Congress added provisions that took the ultimate authority to detain suspects from the military’s hands and gave it to the president. Congress also clarified that civilian law enforcement agencies — such as the FBI — would still have authority to investigate terrorism and added a provision that asserts nothing in the detention measures changes current law regarding U.S. citizens.
当国会向法案中添加了某些条款，且将无限拘留权*从军队手里收回并转交总统之后，奥巴马从威胁的表态上后退。国会还发表声明说国民法律强制机构**——如FBI——将继续享有调查恐怖主义的权力，并增加了一项条款以说明在拘留措施方面并未改变针对美国公民的现行法律。
*（译注）这里的“无限”拘留权包括2方面，时间可无限长，地点无论美国境内或境内。
**（译注）civilian law enforcement agency/国民法律强制机构 这里用civilian意指FBI等是非军事机构，参见布什政府时期通过的爱国者法案。
Still, the signing on New Year’s Eve as few people were paying attention angered civil liberties advocates, who argue that the law for the first time spells out certain measures that have not actually been tested all the way to the Supreme Court, including the possibility of detaining citizens in military custody without trial for as long as there is a war on terror.
同时，这一签署安排在新年前夜，此时几乎没有人留意到那些愤怒的公民自由权力宣传者，他们指出这是在法律上首次罗列出未经最高法院任何方式审查的（损害公民自由权利的）具体措施，包括反恐战争期间可能未经审判对公民施以长时间军事羁押。
“President Obama’s action today is a blight on his legacy because he will forever be known as the president who signed indefinite detention without charge or trial into law,” said Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union.
“奥巴马总统今日的行为将使他的政治遗产蒙尘，因为他将永远作为签署未经诉讼或审判无限制拘留法令的总统为人所知。”美国公民自由联盟执行主席Anthony Romero说。
“The statute is particularly dangerous because it has no temporal or geographic limitations, and can be used by this and future presidents to militarily detain people captured far from any battlefield,” Romero added. “The ACLU will fight worldwide detention authority wherever we can, be it in court, in Congress or internationally.”
“此法令尤其危险，因为其中没有任何时间和地域的限制，而且可以被本届或将来的总统用以对战场之外逮捕的人进行军事拘留，”Romero补充道，“美国公民自由联盟（ACLU）将在世界范围随时随刻与拘留权做斗争，无论是在法庭、国会还是国际上。”
The administration was especially sensitive about the law and about reaction to the president signing it. In addition to enacting the measure while few people were paying attention — and many opponents still had hopes the president would veto the bill — the White House added a signing statement specifying that the Obama administration would not detain Americans without trial. The White House also sent out a notice to its online community highlighting Obama’s complaints with the law, in a tacit admission that many of the president’s more ardent supporters despise the detention provisions.
当局对该法律本身及签署法律所激起的反应尤其敏感。除了将拘留措施法律化的时机选在无人关注的时刻之外——（因为）很多反对者仍希望总统否决该法案——白宫还附带发布了一项总统签字声明，强调奥巴马政府不会未经审判拘留美国人。白宫还在其网上社区里发送了一条消息来彰显奥巴马对这项法律的不满，心照不宣地承认了总统的支持者大多鄙视拘留法条。
“I have signed this bill despite having serious reservations with certain provisions that regulate the detention, interrogation, and prosecution of suspected terrorists,” Obama said in the signing statement.
“我已签署此预算法案，尽管我对其中特定条款持强烈保留意见，包括那些规定对恐怖嫌犯施行拘留、审讯和起诉的条款。
Presidents issue such statements when they feel a law conflicts with the executive’s constitutional powers. Obama criticized them during the Bush administration, but has found the practice useful on a handful of occasions.
这类声明通常在总统发觉某项法律与执政当局的宪法权力有所抵触时发布。奥巴马在布什政府期间曾批评这种做法，但现在他已经发现此做法在某些场合下确实用得着。
In this case, Obama argued that the changes Congress made to the bill affirm only authorities that the Bush and Obama administrations have already claimed in fighting terrorism. But he noted that the codification of those powers in law was unnecessary and perhaps harmful. And he insisted he would not use the powers to detain citizens without tria
这一次，奥巴马争辩说，国会对法案作出的修正只是重新申明了布什政府和奥巴马政府在打击恐怖主义时已宣称拥有的职权。但是他注意到将这些职权法律化没有必要而且可能是有害的。同时，他坚持他不会动用未经审判拘留公民的权力。
“I want to clarify that my administration will not authorize the indefinite military detention without trial of American citizens,” Obama wrote. “Indeed, I believe that doing so would break with our most important traditions and values as a Nation. My administration will interpret section 1021 [of the bill] in a manner that ensures that any detention it authorizes complies with the Constitution, the laws of war, and all other applicable law.”
“我想声明我的政府不会授权对美国公民实施未经审讯的无限制军事拘留，”奥巴马写到，“实际上，我相信那样做将会破坏我们作为一个国家重要的传统和价值观。今后我的政府解释该法案1021款时，将采取合适的方式以确保任何经由此法案授权的拘留行为都遵守宪法、战争相关法律及其他适用的一切法律。”
Civil liberties advocates like Romero pointed out that once the provisions are law, however, they will be available to a President Newt Gingrich or Mitt Romney or any future president, who could choose to use the powers granted more aggressively.
然而，公民自由权利宣传者如Romero等指出，一旦这些条款成为法律，将有可能被未来的总统诸如Newt Gingrich或Mitt Romney等人使用，他们可能会选择更富侵略性地利用由此获得的权力。
（译注）本段提到的这两位均为共和党下届总统候选人。
“We are incredibly disappointed that President Obama signed this new law even though his administration had already claimed overly broad detention authority in court,” said Romero. “Any hope that the Obama administration would roll back the constitutional excesses of George Bush in the war on terror was extinguished today.”
“我们对奥巴马总统签署这项新法律非常失望，尽管他的政府已声明将拘留权保留给法庭。”Romero说，“我们对奥巴马政府能够终止乔治 布什在反恐战争中违宪的越权行为已不再抱有任何期望。”
Because of the provisions specifying that the new legislation does not change current law, the new law leaves the authority it grants open to interpretation and to the possibility — albeit in very difficult circumstances — of someone challenging a detention through the courts.
由于该法案相关条款中明确了指出新立法不具有更改现有法律的效力，因而此项新法律允许对拘留权做出开放的解释，并且——尽管处境将十分艰难——人们有可能通过法庭对拘留行为进行反抗。
“Thankfully, we have three branches of government, and the final word belongs to the Supreme Court, which has yet to rule on the scope of detention authority,” Romero said. “But Congress and the president also have a role to play in cleaning up the mess they have created, because no American citizen or anyone else should live in fear of this or any future president misusing the NDAA’s detention authority.”
“好在我们的政府是三权分立，而最终意见取决于已获权节制拘留权范围的最高法院，”Romero说，“但是，国会和总统有责任清除他们自己制造的混乱，因为任何美国公民或其他人都不应该生活在对现任或后任总统误签NDAA拘留授权的恐惧之中。”
Obama also said he will not abide by the law’s requirement to detain terror suspects using the military.
奥巴马还说他不会屈从于此法律的要求而动用军队羁押恐怖嫌犯。
“I reject any approach that would mandate military custody where law enforcement provides the best method of incapacitating a terrorist threat,” Obama said. “While section 1022 is unnecessary and has the potential to create uncertainty, I have signed the bill because I believe that this section can be interpreted and applied in a manner that avoids undue harm to our current operations.”
“我拒绝批准任何军事羁押，压制恐怖主义最好的手段就是严格执法。”奥巴马说，“而1022条款是不必要的且具有潜在的不确定性。我之所以签署此法案，是因为相信对该部分条款的解释和使用能够以不损害现行已生效法律的方式进行。”
Finally, he rejected a number of other provisions, saying the White House is concerned they interfere with the president’s constitutional powers and ability to fight terrorism.
最后，他拒绝了一系列其他条款，声称白宫担忧这些条款将干扰总统的宪法权力和反恐能力。
“My Administration will aggressively seek to mitigate those concerns through the design of implementation procedures and other authorities available to me as Chief Executive and Commander in Chief, will oppose any attempt to extend or expand them in the future, and will seek the repeal of any provisions that undermine the policies and values that have guided my Administration throughout my time in office,” Obama warned.
“我的政府将积极主动寻求通过设计法令执行程序或利用行政首脑和三军统帅的其他权限来缓解这些担忧，我将反对未来任何延伸或扩展此法令的企图，我在职期间将始终寻求废除任何侵蚀本届政府执政方针和价值准则的条款。”奥巴马警告说。
（完）
关于此法案的详细内容请见爬山虎论坛相关帖子
来源：赫芬顿邮报（虽说用了Times的图，图上所写是“我们所需的改变 嗨——奥巴马 欢迎回到30年代”）
感谢乱做作业的纠正
WASHINGTON — Indefinite military detention of Americans became the law of the land Saturday, as President Barack Obama signed a defense bill* that codified that authority, even as he said he would not use it.
华盛顿——本周六，对美国人施以无限期军事拘留成为了一条国法，因为奥巴马总统已经签署一项国防预算法案将此项权力编篡为法律条文，尽管他说他不会使用此权力。
The National Defense Authorization Act states how the military is to be funded, but also includes a number of controversial provisions on arresting and holding suspected terrorists, which at first drove Obama to threaten a veto.
《国防授权法案》陈述军队如何获取资金，但也包含许多有关逮捕和关押恐怖嫌犯的争议条款，这使得奥巴马起初曾威胁动用否决权。
*（译注）defense bill 原意近似于国防预算
He retreated from that threat after Congress added provisions that took the ultimate authority to detain suspects from the military’s hands and gave it to the president. Congress also clarified that civilian law enforcement agencies — such as the FBI — would still have authority to investigate terrorism and added a provision that asserts nothing in the detention measures changes current law regarding U.S. citizens.
当国会向法案中添加了某些条款，且将无限拘留权*从军队手里收回并转交总统之后，奥巴马从威胁的表态上后退。国会还发表声明说国民法律强制机构**——如FBI——将继续享有调查恐怖主义的权力，并增加了一项条款以说明在拘留措施方面并未改变针对美国公民的现行法律。
*（译注）这里的“无限”拘留权包括2方面，时间可无限长，地点无论美国境内或境内。
**（译注）civilian law enforcement agency/国民法律强制机构 这里用civilian意指FBI等是非军事机构，参见布什政府时期通过的爱国者法案。
Still, the signing on New Year’s Eve as few people were paying attention angered civil liberties advocates, who argue that the law for the first time spells out certain measures that have not actually been tested all the way to the Supreme Court, including the possibility of detaining citizens in military custody without trial for as long as there is a war on terror.
同时，这一签署安排在新年前夜，此时几乎没有人留意到那些愤怒的公民自由权力宣传者，他们指出这是在法律上首次罗列出未经最高法院任何方式审查的（损害公民自由权利的）具体措施，包括反恐战争期间可能未经审判对公民施以长时间军事羁押。
“President Obama’s action today is a blight on his legacy because he will forever be known as the president who signed indefinite detention without charge or trial into law,” said Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union.
“奥巴马总统今日的行为将使他的政治遗产蒙尘，因为他将永远作为签署未经诉讼或审判无限制拘留法令的总统为人所知。”美国公民自由联盟执行主席Anthony Romero说。
“The statute is particularly dangerous because it has no temporal or geographic limitations, and can be used by this and future presidents to militarily detain people captured far from any battlefield,” Romero added. “The ACLU will fight worldwide detention authority wherever we can, be it in court, in Congress or internationally.”
“此法令尤其危险，因为其中没有任何时间和地域的限制，而且可以被本届或将来的总统用以对战场之外逮捕的人进行军事拘留，”Romero补充道，“美国公民自由联盟（ACLU）将在世界范围随时随刻与拘留权做斗争，无论是在法庭、国会还是国际上。”
The administration was especially sensitive about the law and about reaction to the president signing it. In addition to enacting the measure while few people were paying attention — and many opponents still had hopes the president would veto the bill — the White House added a signing statement specifying that the Obama administration would not detain Americans without trial. The White House also sent out a notice to its online community highlighting Obama’s complaints with the law, in a tacit admission that many of the president’s more ardent supporters despise the detention provisions.
当局对该法律本身及签署法律所激起的反应尤其敏感。除了将拘留措施法律化的时机选在无人关注的时刻之外——（因为）很多反对者仍希望总统否决该法案——白宫还附带发布了一项总统签字声明，强调奥巴马政府不会未经审判拘留美国人。白宫还在其网上社区里发送了一条消息来彰显奥巴马对这项法律的不满，心照不宣地承认了总统的支持者大多鄙视拘留法条。
“I have signed this bill despite having serious reservations with certain provisions that regulate the detention, interrogation, and prosecution of suspected terrorists,” Obama said in the signing statement.
“我已签署此预算法案，尽管我对其中特定条款持强烈保留意见，包括那些规定对恐怖嫌犯施行拘留、审讯和起诉的条款。
Presidents issue such statements when they feel a law conflicts with the executive’s constitutional powers. Obama criticized them during the Bush administration, but has found the practice useful on a handful of occasions.
这类声明通常在总统发觉某项法律与执政当局的宪法权力有所抵触时发布。奥巴马在布什政府期间曾批评这种做法，但现在他已经发现此做法在某些场合下确实用得着。
In this case, Obama argued that the changes Congress made to the bill affirm only authorities that the Bush and Obama administrations have already claimed in fighting terrorism. But he noted that the codification of those powers in law was unnecessary and perhaps harmful. And he insisted he would not use the powers to detain citizens without tria
这一次，奥巴马争辩说，国会对法案作出的修正只是重新申明了布什政府和奥巴马政府在打击恐怖主义时已宣称拥有的职权。但是他注意到将这些职权法律化没有必要而且可能是有害的。同时，他坚持他不会动用未经审判拘留公民的权力。
“I want to clarify that my administration will not authorize the indefinite military detention without trial of American citizens,” Obama wrote. “Indeed, I believe that doing so would break with our most important traditions and values as a Nation. My administration will interpret section 1021 [of the bill] in a manner that ensures that any detention it authorizes complies with the Constitution, the laws of war, and all other applicable law.”
“我想声明我的政府不会授权对美国公民实施未经审讯的无限制军事拘留，”奥巴马写到，“实际上，我相信那样做将会破坏我们作为一个国家重要的传统和价值观。今后我的政府解释该法案1021款时，将采取合适的方式以确保任何经由此法案授权的拘留行为都遵守宪法、战争相关法律及其他适用的一切法律。”
Civil liberties advocates like Romero pointed out that once the provisions are law, however, they will be available to a President Newt Gingrich or Mitt Romney or any future president, who could choose to use the powers granted more aggressively.
然而，公民自由权利宣传者如Romero等指出，一旦这些条款成为法律，将有可能被未来的总统诸如Newt Gingrich或Mitt Romney等人使用，他们可能会选择更富侵略性地利用由此获得的权力。
（译注）本段提到的这两位均为共和党下届总统候选人。
“We are incredibly disappointed that President Obama signed this new law even though his administration had already claimed overly broad detention authority in court,” said Romero. “Any hope that the Obama administration would roll back the constitutional excesses of George Bush in the war on terror was extinguished today.”
“我们对奥巴马总统签署这项新法律非常失望，尽管他的政府已声明将拘留权保留给法庭。”Romero说，“我们对奥巴马政府能够终止乔治 布什在反恐战争中违宪的越权行为已不再抱有任何期望。”
Because of the provisions specifying that the new legislation does not change current law, the new law leaves the authority it grants open to interpretation and to the possibility — albeit in very difficult circumstances — of someone challenging a detention through the courts.
由于该法案相关条款中明确了指出新立法不具有更改现有法律的效力，因而此项新法律允许对拘留权做出开放的解释，并且——尽管处境将十分艰难——人们有可能通过法庭对拘留行为进行反抗。
“Thankfully, we have three branches of government, and the final word belongs to the Supreme Court, which has yet to rule on the scope of detention authority,” Romero said. “But Congress and the president also have a role to play in cleaning up the mess they have created, because no American citizen or anyone else should live in fear of this or any future president misusing the NDAA’s detention authority.”
“好在我们的政府是三权分立，而最终意见取决于已获权节制拘留权范围的最高法院，”Romero说，“但是，国会和总统有责任清除他们自己制造的混乱，因为任何美国公民或其他人都不应该生活在对现任或后任总统误签NDAA拘留授权的恐惧之中。”
Obama also said he will not abide by the law’s requirement to detain terror suspects using the military.
奥巴马还说他不会屈从于此法律的要求而动用军队羁押恐怖嫌犯。
“I reject any approach that would mandate military custody where law enforcement provides the best method of incapacitating a terrorist threat,” Obama said. “While section 1022 is unnecessary and has the potential to create uncertainty, I have signed the bill because I believe that this section can be interpreted and applied in a manner that avoids undue harm to our current operations.”
“我拒绝批准任何军事羁押，压制恐怖主义最好的手段就是严格执法。”奥巴马说，“而1022条款是不必要的且具有潜在的不确定性。我之所以签署此法案，是因为相信对该部分条款的解释和使用能够以不损害现行已生效法律的方式进行。”
Finally, he rejected a number of other provisions, saying the White House is concerned they interfere with the president’s constitutional powers and ability to fight terrorism.
最后，他拒绝了一系列其他条款，声称白宫担忧这些条款将干扰总统的宪法权力和反恐能力。
“My Administration will aggressively seek to mitigate those concerns through the design of implementation procedures and other authorities available to me as Chief Executive and Commander in Chief, will oppose any attempt to extend or expand them in the future, and will seek the repeal of any provisions that undermine the policies and values that have guided my Administration throughout my time in office,” Obama warned.
“我的政府将积极主动寻求通过设计法令执行程序或利用行政首脑和三军统帅的其他权限来缓解这些担忧，我将反对未来任何延伸或扩展此法令的企图，我在职期间将始终寻求废除任何侵蚀本届政府执政方针和价值准则的条款。”奥巴马警告说。
（完）
关于此法案的详细内容请见爬山虎论坛相关帖子原题：Obama Signs Defense Bill Despite ‘Serious Reservations’ /奥巴马签署国防开支法，尽管“持严重保留意见”
来源：赫芬顿邮报（虽说用了Times的图，图上所写是“我们所需的改变 嗨——奥巴马 欢迎回到30年代”）
感谢乱做作业的纠正
WASHINGTON — Indefinite military detention of Americans became the law of the land Saturday, as President Barack Obama signed a defense bill* that codified that authority, even as he said he would not use it.
华盛顿——本周六，对美国人施以无限期军事拘留成为了一条国法，因为奥巴马总统已经签署一项国防预算法案将此项权力编篡为法律条文，尽管他说他不会使用此权力。
The National Defense Authorization Act states how the military is to be funded, but also includes a number of controversial provisions on arresting and holding suspected terrorists, which at first drove Obama to threaten a veto.
《国防授权法案》陈述军队如何获取资金，但也包含许多有关逮捕和关押恐怖嫌犯的争议条款，这使得奥巴马起初曾威胁动用否决权。
*（译注）defense bill 原意近似于国防预算
He retreated from that threat after Congress added provisions that took the ultimate authority to detain suspects from the military’s hands and gave it to the president. Congress also clarified that civilian law enforcement agencies — such as the FBI — would still have authority to investigate terrorism and added a provision that asserts nothing in the detention measures changes current law regarding U.S. citizens.
当国会向法案中添加了某些条款，且将无限拘留权*从军队手里收回并转交总统之后，奥巴马从威胁的表态上后退。国会还发表声明说国民法律强制机构**——如FBI——将继续享有调查恐怖主义的权力，并增加了一项条款以说明在拘留措施方面并未改变针对美国公民的现行法律。
*（译注）这里的“无限”拘留权包括2方面，时间可无限长，地点无论美国境内或境内。
**（译注）civilian law enforcement agency/国民法律强制机构 这里用civilian意指FBI等是非军事机构，参见布什政府时期通过的爱国者法案。
Still, the signing on New Year’s Eve as few people were paying attention angered civil liberties advocates, who argue that the law for the first time spells out certain measures that have not actually been tested all the way to the Supreme Court, including the possibility of detaining citizens in military custody without trial for as long as there is a war on terror.
同时，这一签署安排在新年前夜，此时几乎没有人留意到那些愤怒的公民自由权力宣传者，他们指出这是在法律上首次罗列出未经最高法院任何方式审查的（损害公民自由权利的）具体措施，包括反恐战争期间可能未经审判对公民施以长时间军事羁押。
“President Obama’s action today is a blight on his legacy because he will forever be known as the president who signed indefinite detention without charge or trial into law,” said Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union.
“奥巴马总统今日的行为将使他的政治遗产蒙尘，因为他将永远作为签署未经诉讼或审判无限制拘留法令的总统为人所知。”美国公民自由联盟执行主席Anthony Romero说。
“The statute is particularly dangerous because it has no temporal or geographic limitations, and can be used by this and future presidents to militarily detain people captured far from any battlefield,” Romero added. “The ACLU will fight worldwide detention authority wherever we can, be it in court, in Congress or internationally.”
“此法令尤其危险，因为其中没有任何时间和地域的限制，而且可以被本届或将来的总统用以对战场之外逮捕的人进行军事拘留，”Romero补充道，“美国公民自由联盟（ACLU）将在世界范围随时随刻与拘留权做斗争，无论是在法庭、国会还是国际上。”
The administration was especially sensitive about the law and about reaction to the president signing it. In addition to enacting the measure while few people were paying attention — and many opponents still had hopes the president would veto the bill — the White House added a signing statement specifying that the Obama administration would not detain Americans without trial. The White House also sent out a notice to its online community highlighting Obama’s complaints with the law, in a tacit admission that many of the president’s more ardent supporters despise the detention provisions.
当局对该法律本身及签署法律所激起的反应尤其敏感。除了将拘留措施法律化的时机选在无人关注的时刻之外——（因为）很多反对者仍希望总统否决该法案——白宫还附带发布了一项总统签字声明，强调奥巴马政府不会未经审判拘留美国人。白宫还在其网上社区里发送了一条消息来彰显奥巴马对这项法律的不满，心照不宣地承认了总统的支持者大多鄙视拘留法条。
“I have signed this bill despite having serious reservations with certain provisions that regulate the detention, interrogation, and prosecution of suspected terrorists,” Obama said in the signing statement.
“我已签署此预算法案，尽管我对其中特定条款持强烈保留意见，包括那些规定对恐怖嫌犯施行拘留、审讯和起诉的条款。
Presidents issue such statements when they feel a law conflicts with the executive’s constitutional powers. Obama criticized them during the Bush administration, but has found the practice useful on a handful of occasions.
这类声明通常在总统发觉某项法律与执政当局的宪法权力有所抵触时发布。奥巴马在布什政府期间曾批评这种做法，但现在他已经发现此做法在某些场合下确实用得着。
In this case, Obama argued that the changes Congress made to the bill affirm only authorities that the Bush and Obama administrations have already claimed in fighting terrorism. But he noted that the codification of those powers in law was unnecessary and perhaps harmful. And he insisted he would not use the powers to detain citizens without tria
这一次，奥巴马争辩说，国会对法案作出的修正只是重新申明了布什政府和奥巴马政府在打击恐怖主义时已宣称拥有的职权。但是他注意到将这些职权法律化没有必要而且可能是有害的。同时，他坚持他不会动用未经审判拘留公民的权力。
“I want to clarify that my administration will not authorize the indefinite military detention without trial of American citizens,” Obama wrote. “Indeed, I believe that doing so would break with our most important traditions and values as a Nation. My administration will interpret section 1021 [of the bill] in a manner that ensures that any detention it authorizes complies with the Constitution, the laws of war, and all other applicable law.”
“我想声明我的政府不会授权对美国公民实施未经审讯的无限制军事拘留，”奥巴马写到，“实际上，我相信那样做将会破坏我们作为一个国家重要的传统和价值观。今后我的政府解释该法案1021款时，将采取合适的方式以确保任何经由此法案授权的拘留行为都遵守宪法、战争相关法律及其他适用的一切法律。”
Civil liberties advocates like Romero pointed out that once the provisions are law, however, they will be available to a President Newt Gingrich or Mitt Romney or any future president, who could choose to use the powers granted more aggressively.
然而，公民自由权利宣传者如Romero等指出，一旦这些条款成为法律，将有可能被未来的总统诸如Newt Gingrich或Mitt Romney等人使用，他们可能会选择更富侵略性地利用由此获得的权力。
（译注）本段提到的这两位均为共和党下届总统候选人。
“We are incredibly disappointed that President Obama signed this new law even though his administration had already claimed overly broad detention authority in court,” said Romero. “Any hope that the Obama administration would roll back the constitutional excesses of George Bush in the war on terror was extinguished today.”
“我们对奥巴马总统签署这项新法律非常失望，尽管他的政府已声明将拘留权保留给法庭。”Romero说，“我们对奥巴马政府能够终止乔治 布什在反恐战争中违宪的越权行为已不再抱有任何期望。”
Because of the provisions specifying that the new legislation does not change current law, the new law leaves the authority it grants open to interpretation and to the possibility — albeit in very difficult circumstances — of someone challenging a detention through the courts.
由于该法案相关条款中明确了指出新立法不具有更改现有法律的效力，因而此项新法律允许对拘留权做出开放的解释，并且——尽管处境将十分艰难——人们有可能通过法庭对拘留行为进行反抗。
“Thankfully, we have three branches of government, and the final word belongs to the Supreme Court, which has yet to rule on the scope of detention authority,” Romero said. “But Congress and the president also have a role to play in cleaning up the mess they have created, because no American citizen or anyone else should live in fear of this or any future president misusing the NDAA’s detention authority.”
“好在我们的政府是三权分立，而最终意见取决于已获权节制拘留权范围的最高法院，”Romero说，“但是，国会和总统有责任清除他们自己制造的混乱，因为任何美国公民或其他人都不应该生活在对现任或后任总统误签NDAA拘留授权的恐惧之中。”
Obama also said he will not abide by the law’s requirement to detain terror suspects using the military.
奥巴马还说他不会屈从于此法律的要求而动用军队羁押恐怖嫌犯。
“I reject any approach that would mandate military custody where law enforcement provides the best method of incapacitating a terrorist threat,” Obama said. “While section 1022 is unnecessary and has the potential to create uncertainty, I have signed the bill because I believe that this section can be interpreted and applied in a manner that avoids undue harm to our current operations.”
“我拒绝批准任何军事羁押，压制恐怖主义最好的手段就是严格执法。”奥巴马说，“而1022条款是不必要的且具有潜在的不确定性。我之所以签署此法案，是因为相信对该部分条款的解释和使用能够以不损害现行已生效法律的方式进行。”
Finally, he rejected a number of other provisions, saying the White House is concerned they interfere with the president’s constitutional powers and ability to fight terrorism.
最后，他拒绝了一系列其他条款，声称白宫担忧这些条款将干扰总统的宪法权力和反恐能力。
“My Administration will aggressively seek to mitigate those concerns through the design of implementation procedures and other authorities available to me as Chief Executive and Commander in Chief, will oppose any attempt to extend or expand them in the future, and will seek the repeal of any provisions that undermine the policies and values that have guided my Administration throughout my time in office,” Obama warned.
“我的政府将积极主动寻求通过设计法令执行程序或利用行政首脑和三军统帅的其他权限来缓解这些担忧，我将反对未来任何延伸或扩展此法令的企图，我在职期间将始终寻求废除任何侵蚀本届政府执政方针和价值准则的条款。”奥巴马警告说。
（完）
关于此法案的详细内容请见爬山虎论坛相关帖子