2011年10月份专访雷宾斯克科学技术中心总师-129项目总设 ...

http://vpk-news.ru/articles/8228


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俄军事出版物-军工信使出版了ITAR-TASS 塔斯新闻社对于土星雷宾斯克科学技术中心总监， 总设计师， 129项目总设计师的专访。

全文的google翻译版如下：




-
ngine for future aviation complex tactical aircraft (PAK FA), its development and possible progress of the project, the use of new technologies and materials - all this told in an exclusive interview with "military-industrial complex" Yevhen Marchuk, chief designer and director of the Scientific and Technical Center named after a . I. Cradles - the branch of JSC "NPO" Saturn "United Engine Corporation.

- E vgeny Yuvenalievich during the years of transition to a new economic system, Russia lost its leading position in many high-tech fields, including in aircraft, as well as in the intellectual segment of it - engine building. Do not passed the point of no return? Can we catch up with competitors? If so, how, in your opinion, should catch up?

- For two decades, the domestic engine building, to use sports terminology, almost a circle has lagged behind their foreign colleagues and competitors. So we never go out of leaders, if we try to catch up with global manufacturers of aircraft engines simple exertion of all his powers, following the traditional on the treadmill of scientific and technological progress. Cut is necessary, and run obliquely forward escape. In sports, this is unacceptable, and the technique has its own, special rules of the game.

- How to cut?

- Use of new materials made achievements in other areas of technical expertise. There is good cause to the fact that we do not only competitive aviation engine for the PAK FA, and aircraft engines followed by a generation.

Now all gas turbine engines is implemented so-called Brayton cycle: heat supply at constant pressure. Features of this engine suitable to its limit, it actually has exhausted itself, as exhausted at the time the piston engine. Of course, you can increase efficiency by two to three percent, but in general it does not solve the problem. The problem is that the specific impulse increased by 50-60 percent.

In pure science discoveries are made that can dramatically affect the development of technology. But the development of technological systems themselves going in steps, incrementally. Here is the engine for the PAK FA will surpass even though all the parameters already created motors, yet to be made using the already existing scientific and technological base. Of course, there will be new ceramic materials can withstand very high temperatures. High-pressure turbine can operate without cooling vanes, bearings - no lubrication. HPT inlet temperature exceeds the combustion temperature of kerosene at 2300 degrees. This will limit opportunities for improving the parameters of modern aircraft engines. The current shape of the engine will continue for fifteen to twenty years. Much depends on how quickly begin to improve material properties.

- This is a more distant prospect. Let's still talk about our time. What is the current engine for the PAK FA?

- Now for the PAK FA made the engine, under the symbol "article 117". He is at the stage of preliminary test - bench and flight that are successful. Some elements borrowed from developments in the creation of the engine, "117S" for Su-35 fighter, in particular the design methods and calculations, processing technology complex structural elements.


Engine "117C" - this is not an easy upgrade of the AL-31F, as sometimes you can read in the press. Thrust in his two tons higher than the AL-31F. Get these two tonnes in the same dimensions is not easy. The engine is a new low-pressure compressor. Substantially upgraded high-pressure compressor. The new combustion chamber. The new turbine. Almost all new sites. The engine is 80 percent of new parts.

And on the "Product 117" for the PAK FA first phase (T-50) even more traction than the "117C". In addition, it is a fundamentally new system of automatic control systems (ACS) - a fully digital, with full responsibility. For the first time it will be built on the Russian element base. Architecture of the system, the control algorithm it is also Russian. We want the cell and the base was Russia, though we have a whole list of permits for the use of foreign bases. Such a domestic engine building was not yet. To solve this problem, the Russian Ministry of Industry and allocates funds. Carried out research work under the name "ACS promising product." Selected a good team of designers ACS, there is a certain reserve, and we are confident of success.

- What is it - the stage of preliminary tests of the T-50, which you mentioned?
- Pre-test phase - the most labor-intensive period in the creation of aircraft engines, both in time and in money. As implemented new design elements, something can go wrong. We have to redo something, again experiencing. If necessary, to a working design documentation (RCU). And that's it - time and money. High consumption of expensive kerosene for flight tests, etc. Just at this stage on the final day of the MAKS-2011 was not held the launching T-50. The weather was rainy. Low clouds. Poor visibility. The plane stopped the run.

- So what happened?
- Surge. Aircraft engine - this is probably the hardest thing in the engineering of the product. The cost of failure is very high both in financial costs and in terms of national defense. Therefore, when the slightest deviation from the standard modes of engine test pilot must stop the rise of what was done. Although before the T-50 met all scheduled flights without any problems. Carried out by the analysis revealed a deviation in the automation engine, which led to the surge. Inspections have shown that the engine is not damaged. Indeed, the day he was ready to continue the flight test.

- What are the further procedure in the way of production of the new engine?
- Upon completion of the complex pre-test engine presented to the state tests. To carry them out, a commission of military and civilian personnel. Under the supervision of the committee members are assembled engine. Conducted its tests. Then he goes, the commission examines it again, write a conclusion. After doing all this work is carried out if necessary adjustment RKD and at the same time mass-produced products. Although some elements of the first stage of engine design for PAK FA is already made, because their characteristics are fully confirmed by bench modes. By late 2011, will assess the technical specifications on the flight modes. The existing cooperation between enterprises on the design ("Saturn") and the release of "Product 117" (Ufa Engine Industrial Association) is completely justified. We expect that by 2013, developers and production workers have to go on holding the state tests.

- The name of the "engine for the PAK FA of the first stage," says that should be the engine of the second stage. Is not it?

- It's true. Bookmark it done. The engine is made. In all major characteristics, it will surpass the "117 product", in particular for higher traction and less weight. The ratio of the mass of the engine thrust is characterized by its important to dvigatelisty concept - specific gravity. Number not name, have no right. Let me just say that it will be significantly higher than that created by overseas counterparts, and the technical configuration of the motor to change substantially.

- And what about the supersonic regime besforsazhny: some experts in the Russian aviation industry claim that the supersonic cruise flight will provide the engine is the first stage?

- Again, hard for me to comment on. We'll see. The most intense competition in the world is the place to be is in a high-tech industrial sector. In this area, a potential competitor, a lot can be said not only the specific parameters of a unit, system, site or product as a whole, but only the interest of scientists and developers to a particular issue, only ideology of the system, the general trends conducted in the laboratories research. In the history of many examples in this regard. But the most significant of these is the creation of a "superbomb" with great striking features, ie nuclear weapons before the war and during the Second World War. Then, the fact researchers show interest to a particular line of research was able to say much about the art. In the Technosphere our time, in ever-increasing competition between states in fact little has changed in this regard.

Planck's tactical and technical characteristics of the second stage engine for the PAK FA raised an unprecedented high. To develop such an engine - means to solve a rather serious scientific and engineering, scientific and technical challenge. She put the military and political leadership. The engine should be no worse than the Americans. But this can be achieved only if, I repeat, if run diagonally. Since some time in the 90's new in aero engines are not created.

- How do you assess the changes in the organizational structure of the domestic industry aeroengine?
- In the early 2000s were heated debates and even battles for the right to be the leading designer of the engine PAK FA. Now it is created in the United Engine Corporation (JDC). Cooperation is not formed in opposition of the potential prime contractor, and under central leadership of the JDC. That is correct. Because the competition should be between suppliers of components, thereby improving their quality. And at the head of Russia's long-term integrator of aero-engine competitor must stay outside the country - the "Rolls Royce", "General Electric", "Pratt & Whitney" and other grandees of the world engine.

I support the elimination of competitive relations between the Rybinsk "Saturn" Moscow and the "Salute." In KB "Salyut" work came from the SEC named the cradle, which is a branch of Moscow "Saturn". Work on the conceptual design of the second stage engine for both the PAK FA CB are together. General Designer of KB "Salyut" Kolotnikov Michael - my friend and colleague, who had for ten years worked in the Bank "Saturn."

Now in Russian aviation engine develops a normal creative atmosphere, manifested the same synergistic effect, which many experts say earlier on various aviation events. People are no longer close to each other and work openly, helping each other.

But we should not get involved in restructuring actions in the DCS. The main thing - the result, rather than the process of change for the sake of change. Say, can not plant a serial lead developers. Cooperation to build the engine for the PAK FA second phase will be expanded. Added new CB, new factories. This is natural, since in various companies and design aircraft engine there are novelties in the field of technology, the best solutions in the design of various components and design elements. These companies will join and co-operation. As part of the JDC program launched the creation of centers of competence: the casting, making the blades, coating, different types of welds, etc. The principle is: which company is better and cheaper to obtain, the plant and becomes a center of competence. This will be one of the most important tools to improve quality, and hence the competitiveness of the company's products.

Yevhen Marchuk
Interviewed by Yevgeny Nikitin ,http://vpk-news.ru/articles/8228


==

俄军事出版物-军工信使出版了ITAR-TASS 塔斯新闻社对于土星雷宾斯克科学技术中心总监， 总设计师， 129项目总设计师的专访。

全文的google翻译版如下：




-
ngine for future aviation complex tactical aircraft (PAK FA), its development and possible progress of the project, the use of new technologies and materials - all this told in an exclusive interview with "military-industrial complex" Yevhen Marchuk, chief designer and director of the Scientific and Technical Center named after a . I. Cradles - the branch of JSC "NPO" Saturn "United Engine Corporation.

- E vgeny Yuvenalievich during the years of transition to a new economic system, Russia lost its leading position in many high-tech fields, including in aircraft, as well as in the intellectual segment of it - engine building. Do not passed the point of no return? Can we catch up with competitors? If so, how, in your opinion, should catch up?

- For two decades, the domestic engine building, to use sports terminology, almost a circle has lagged behind their foreign colleagues and competitors. So we never go out of leaders, if we try to catch up with global manufacturers of aircraft engines simple exertion of all his powers, following the traditional on the treadmill of scientific and technological progress. Cut is necessary, and run obliquely forward escape. In sports, this is unacceptable, and the technique has its own, special rules of the game.

- How to cut?

- Use of new materials made achievements in other areas of technical expertise. There is good cause to the fact that we do not only competitive aviation engine for the PAK FA, and aircraft engines followed by a generation.

Now all gas turbine engines is implemented so-called Brayton cycle: heat supply at constant pressure. Features of this engine suitable to its limit, it actually has exhausted itself, as exhausted at the time the piston engine. Of course, you can increase efficiency by two to three percent, but in general it does not solve the problem. The problem is that the specific impulse increased by 50-60 percent.

In pure science discoveries are made that can dramatically affect the development of technology. But the development of technological systems themselves going in steps, incrementally. Here is the engine for the PAK FA will surpass even though all the parameters already created motors, yet to be made using the already existing scientific and technological base. Of course, there will be new ceramic materials can withstand very high temperatures. High-pressure turbine can operate without cooling vanes, bearings - no lubrication. HPT inlet temperature exceeds the combustion temperature of kerosene at 2300 degrees. This will limit opportunities for improving the parameters of modern aircraft engines. The current shape of the engine will continue for fifteen to twenty years. Much depends on how quickly begin to improve material properties.

- This is a more distant prospect. Let's still talk about our time. What is the current engine for the PAK FA?

- Now for the PAK FA made the engine, under the symbol "article 117". He is at the stage of preliminary test - bench and flight that are successful. Some elements borrowed from developments in the creation of the engine, "117S" for Su-35 fighter, in particular the design methods and calculations, processing technology complex structural elements.


Engine "117C" - this is not an easy upgrade of the AL-31F, as sometimes you can read in the press. Thrust in his two tons higher than the AL-31F. Get these two tonnes in the same dimensions is not easy. The engine is a new low-pressure compressor. Substantially upgraded high-pressure compressor. The new combustion chamber. The new turbine. Almost all new sites. The engine is 80 percent of new parts.

And on the "Product 117" for the PAK FA first phase (T-50) even more traction than the "117C". In addition, it is a fundamentally new system of automatic control systems (ACS) - a fully digital, with full responsibility. For the first time it will be built on the Russian element base. Architecture of the system, the control algorithm it is also Russian. We want the cell and the base was Russia, though we have a whole list of permits for the use of foreign bases. Such a domestic engine building was not yet. To solve this problem, the Russian Ministry of Industry and allocates funds. Carried out research work under the name "ACS promising product." Selected a good team of designers ACS, there is a certain reserve, and we are confident of success.

- What is it - the stage of preliminary tests of the T-50, which you mentioned?
- Pre-test phase - the most labor-intensive period in the creation of aircraft engines, both in time and in money. As implemented new design elements, something can go wrong. We have to redo something, again experiencing. If necessary, to a working design documentation (RCU). And that's it - time and money. High consumption of expensive kerosene for flight tests, etc. Just at this stage on the final day of the MAKS-2011 was not held the launching T-50. The weather was rainy. Low clouds. Poor visibility. The plane stopped the run.

- So what happened?
- Surge. Aircraft engine - this is probably the hardest thing in the engineering of the product. The cost of failure is very high both in financial costs and in terms of national defense. Therefore, when the slightest deviation from the standard modes of engine test pilot must stop the rise of what was done. Although before the T-50 met all scheduled flights without any problems. Carried out by the analysis revealed a deviation in the automation engine, which led to the surge. Inspections have shown that the engine is not damaged. Indeed, the day he was ready to continue the flight test.

- What are the further procedure in the way of production of the new engine?
- Upon completion of the complex pre-test engine presented to the state tests. To carry them out, a commission of military and civilian personnel. Under the supervision of the committee members are assembled engine. Conducted its tests. Then he goes, the commission examines it again, write a conclusion. After doing all this work is carried out if necessary adjustment RKD and at the same time mass-produced products. Although some elements of the first stage of engine design for PAK FA is already made, because their characteristics are fully confirmed by bench modes. By late 2011, will assess the technical specifications on the flight modes. The existing cooperation between enterprises on the design ("Saturn") and the release of "Product 117" (Ufa Engine Industrial Association) is completely justified. We expect that by 2013, developers and production workers have to go on holding the state tests.

- The name of the "engine for the PAK FA of the first stage," says that should be the engine of the second stage. Is not it?

- It's true. Bookmark it done. The engine is made. In all major characteristics, it will surpass the "117 product", in particular for higher traction and less weight. The ratio of the mass of the engine thrust is characterized by its important to dvigatelisty concept - specific gravity. Number not name, have no right. Let me just say that it will be significantly higher than that created by overseas counterparts, and the technical configuration of the motor to change substantially.

- And what about the supersonic regime besforsazhny: some experts in the Russian aviation industry claim that the supersonic cruise flight will provide the engine is the first stage?

- Again, hard for me to comment on. We'll see. The most intense competition in the world is the place to be is in a high-tech industrial sector. In this area, a potential competitor, a lot can be said not only the specific parameters of a unit, system, site or product as a whole, but only the interest of scientists and developers to a particular issue, only ideology of the system, the general trends conducted in the laboratories research. In the history of many examples in this regard. But the most significant of these is the creation of a "superbomb" with great striking features, ie nuclear weapons before the war and during the Second World War. Then, the fact researchers show interest to a particular line of research was able to say much about the art. In the Technosphere our time, in ever-increasing competition between states in fact little has changed in this regard.

Planck's tactical and technical characteristics of the second stage engine for the PAK FA raised an unprecedented high. To develop such an engine - means to solve a rather serious scientific and engineering, scientific and technical challenge. She put the military and political leadership. The engine should be no worse than the Americans. But this can be achieved only if, I repeat, if run diagonally. Since some time in the 90's new in aero engines are not created.

- How do you assess the changes in the organizational structure of the domestic industry aeroengine?
- In the early 2000s were heated debates and even battles for the right to be the leading designer of the engine PAK FA. Now it is created in the United Engine Corporation (JDC). Cooperation is not formed in opposition of the potential prime contractor, and under central leadership of the JDC. That is correct. Because the competition should be between suppliers of components, thereby improving their quality. And at the head of Russia's long-term integrator of aero-engine competitor must stay outside the country - the "Rolls Royce", "General Electric", "Pratt & Whitney" and other grandees of the world engine.

I support the elimination of competitive relations between the Rybinsk "Saturn" Moscow and the "Salute." In KB "Salyut" work came from the SEC named the cradle, which is a branch of Moscow "Saturn". Work on the conceptual design of the second stage engine for both the PAK FA CB are together. General Designer of KB "Salyut" Kolotnikov Michael - my friend and colleague, who had for ten years worked in the Bank "Saturn."

Now in Russian aviation engine develops a normal creative atmosphere, manifested the same synergistic effect, which many experts say earlier on various aviation events. People are no longer close to each other and work openly, helping each other.

But we should not get involved in restructuring actions in the DCS. The main thing - the result, rather than the process of change for the sake of change. Say, can not plant a serial lead developers. Cooperation to build the engine for the PAK FA second phase will be expanded. Added new CB, new factories. This is natural, since in various companies and design aircraft engine there are novelties in the field of technology, the best solutions in the design of various components and design elements. These companies will join and co-operation. As part of the JDC program launched the creation of centers of competence: the casting, making the blades, coating, different types of welds, etc. The principle is: which company is better and cheaper to obtain, the plant and becomes a center of competence. This will be one of the most important tools to improve quality, and hence the competitiveness of the company's products.

Yevhen Marchuk
Interviewed by Yevgeny Nikitin ,