[0425]《詹姆斯基金会》中国将建设4－6艘航母，飞行员在 ...

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Is China’s Carrier Aviation Program Kicking into High Gear?
April 22, 2011 04:17  By: Russell Hsiao
《詹姆斯基金会》中国的航母舰载机项目是否进入高潮？
2011.4.22

China will soon be one-step closer to its long-standing quest to operate an aircraft carrier. Various reports confirmed that the aircraft carrier Varyag, which China purchased from Ukraine and has been under refurbishment at the port of Dalian, may be set for sea trials this summer—perhaps in July or as early as May (Navy Times, April 13; China Times, April 19). Chinese shipbuilding and military sources have indicated that the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has plans to build two new Varyag style carriers, followed by two larger nuclear-powered carriers which could be expanded to four or possibly six vessels (Asia Times, July 23, 2010; Aviation Week, January 5). While much speculation has arisen about the Varyag’s hardware and launch date, the sea trials of China’s first aircraft carrier raise important questions about the extent of its pilot training programs, which are an essential element for determining the effectiveness of its carriers’ strike force.

中国人距长久以来拥有航母的梦想越来越近。各方面的报道证实,中国从乌克兰购买的瓦格良号航母正在大连港口进行翻新,它可能在今年7月，最早于5月开始海试。中国造船业和军队方面的消息指出,解放军已经计划建造两艘瓦舰等级的新航母,随后再建造两艘更为大型的核动力航母,最终扩展到4-6艘的航母规模。尽管关于瓦舰硬件装备和下水日期的揣测很多,但首艘航母的海试无疑会引发对于中国飞行员训练的疑问，这对于判断航母打击群的作战效率的至关重要.

On September 5, 2008, PLA Daily reported that the Dalian Naval Academy—China’s premier military institution under the command of the navy headquarters—had established a program to recruit pilot cadets. The article revealed the recruitment of 50 pilots, ostensibly selected to receive a four year education in ship-based aircraft flight. It has been widely assumed that this program was for the recruitment and training of the PLAN’s first class of carrier aviators (PLA Daily, September 5, 2008). Some analysts have speculated that if in fact the report is true then the first pilot program of recruiting pilot cadets is an indicator of an important decision made by the PLAN as a final stage of preparation for its highly touted carrier program (Chinamil.com.cn, September 10, 2008).

2008年九月,解放军日报报道大连海军学院已经启动舰载机训练项目，该学院是海军总部直属的最高军事院校。文章揭示受训飞行员数为50人,将经历4年的舰载机飞行培训。广泛认为该项目将用于培养中国首批航母飞行员.一些分析家预测,如该报道属实,意味着中国海军已经进入航母工程的最后阶段.

Another element of China’s carrier pilot training program that is shrouded in mystery is how it is training PLAN aircraft carrier pilots. After all, the Varyag will be China’s first aircraft carrier. To that end, China has been building training centers and actively seeking outside expertise to help train its pilot in carrier naval aviation. There are also reports that China is building several carrier-based fighter pilot systems for training. A couple of these installations, which are reportedly located in Liaoning, Hubei and Shanxi provinces, are designed to simulate the deck of an aircraft carrier landing system. For example, the massive carrier pilot training base at Huludao, Liaoning province appears to be a near duplicate of the design of NITKA (Ukrainian Nazemniy Ispitatelno—Tryenirovochniy Kompleks Aviatsii: Land-based Naval Aviation Testing and Training Complex). The NITKA facilities are state of the art land-based installations for operating one of the Russian-designed carriers that utilize a ski ramp for take-off instead of the steam catapult and arresting cable/tailhook landing system used on U.S. and French aircraft carriers (Taipei Times, February 15).
Another ground aircraft carrier fighter pilot simulation training system made of concrete and modeled after the Varyag appeared in the vicinity of Wuhan City, Hubei Province, with an almost identical medium-sized aircraft carrier landing runway and bridge (Russian World Arms trade and Analysis Center, February 9). Other facilities ostensibly for training of carrier personnel and engineering support specialists have been identified in Xian, Shanxi Province (Taipei Times, February 15).

另一个重要问题是中国如何训练航母飞行员。瓦舰无疑将成为第一艘航母,为此中国建立了训练中心并积极寻求外国专家帮助训练。一些报道指出中国正在建设数个航母战斗机飞行员训练系统。报道称这些设施分别位于辽宁、湖北和陕西省,用于模拟航母着陆的甲板。其中大规模的航母飞行员训练基地位于辽宁葫芦岛,其设施看起来像是复制于饿国NITKA系统；NITKA是俄国人设计的航母起飞着陆训练系统,与美法航母采用的蒸汽弹射和阻拦索系统不同,它采用滑跃起飞的方式。另一套设施位于武汉附近，是一个以瓦舰为蓝本的水泥建筑，几乎完全复制了瓦舰的跑道和剑桥。此外还有一些训练人员和工程支援专家的设施被证实位于陕西省西安市.
   
China is also reportedly seeking to train pilots for ship-based aircraft at naval aviation training centers in Ukraine. The center is equipped with state-of-the-art simulators for taking off from angled decks, landing with arresting wires, and emergency response operations (China Review News, April 21). Furthermore, Brazil and China had reached an agreement in 2009 to train personnel from the PLAN in Brazil. In the interview (available in Portuguese), Brazil's Defense Minister Nelson Jobim announced that the two sides reached a training agreement to stage PLAN officers abroad the NAe Sao Paulo, Brazil’s Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier (See “PLAN Officers to Train on Brazilian Aircraft Carrier,” China Brief, June 12, 2009).

有报道指出中国也在寻求利用乌克兰海军航空训练中心培训飞行员。该中心装备有先进的模拟器,用于模拟从倾斜甲板起飞,利用阻降索降落,以及紧急情况下的对应措施.不仅如此,中国和巴西还在2009年达成协议在巴西培训中国海军。在采访中,巴西国防部长Nelson Jobimx表示巴方将在克里蒙梭级航母圣保罗号上训练解放军军官.

There are currently nine navies with aircraft carriers in active service, and the United States, France, Russia and Brazil are the only four naval forces that have operational aircraft carriers capable of launching and recovering conventional aircraft. Reports that appeared in the Chinese press as well as its activities indicated that the PLAN may be planning to use a mix of CATOBAR and STOBAR launch and recovery systems for its carriers, which would explain why Chinese leaders have reached out to both Ukraine and Brazil for carrier aviation training (China Review News, April 21; Defasanet, May 13, 2009).

目前世界上拥有航母并处于服役状态的海军有9只，其中只有美国,法国,俄国,巴西的航母可以起降常规固定翼飞机。中国媒体的报道显示，海军计划使用的起降系统混合了CATOBAR和STOBAR两种技术，这可以解释为什么中国人同时寻求使用乌克兰和巴西的设施进行训练。

There remains a long period of training, development and exercises before the carrier becomes operational. It is likely that the Varyag will be used mainly for training purposes for a completely indigenous model. While a single carrier is largely symbolic, nevertheless it underscores the progress that China has made and its ambition to become a global maritime power.
The upcoming sea trials for the Varyag will mark China’s ascension in a rare class of naval powers. While China has demonstrated that it is catching up with Western powers in terms of hardware, yet China’s rise as a true naval power is far from assured. Much will depend on the extent to which it is able to educate and train the personnel that will ultimately determine military capabilities. This remains to be seen for now.

在航母实际形成战斗力前,需要很长的时间进行训练、发展和练习。现在看起来瓦舰主要是用于未来中国国产航母的训练。尽管首艘航母主要是象征意义,但这也说明了中国海军取得的进展和成为全球性海上力量的雄心. 即将到来的瓦舰海试，标志着中国已经迈入世界海军顶端的一级。不过即时中国在硬件方面已经开始追赶上西方,但这远不能说明他已经成为一只真正的海军力量。海军力量很大程度上依赖于人员的教育和培训，这才是最终决定战斗力的因素。而中国在这方面还有待观察。

========================================================
本文仅用于翻译练习，请勿用于商业目的。欢迎指正翻译错误。
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========================================================原文地址:
http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=37835&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=7b406141a2e46e8ef96dbb2851ad91d9

Is China’s Carrier Aviation Program Kicking into High Gear?
April 22, 2011 04:17  By: Russell Hsiao
《詹姆斯基金会》中国的航母舰载机项目是否进入高潮？
2011.4.22

China will soon be one-step closer to its long-standing quest to operate an aircraft carrier. Various reports confirmed that the aircraft carrier Varyag, which China purchased from Ukraine and has been under refurbishment at the port of Dalian, may be set for sea trials this summer—perhaps in July or as early as May (Navy Times, April 13; China Times, April 19). Chinese shipbuilding and military sources have indicated that the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has plans to build two new Varyag style carriers, followed by two larger nuclear-powered carriers which could be expanded to four or possibly six vessels (Asia Times, July 23, 2010; Aviation Week, January 5). While much speculation has arisen about the Varyag’s hardware and launch date, the sea trials of China’s first aircraft carrier raise important questions about the extent of its pilot training programs, which are an essential element for determining the effectiveness of its carriers’ strike force.

中国人距长久以来拥有航母的梦想越来越近。各方面的报道证实,中国从乌克兰购买的瓦格良号航母正在大连港口进行翻新,它可能在今年7月，最早于5月开始海试。中国造船业和军队方面的消息指出,解放军已经计划建造两艘瓦舰等级的新航母,随后再建造两艘更为大型的核动力航母,最终扩展到4-6艘的航母规模。尽管关于瓦舰硬件装备和下水日期的揣测很多,但首艘航母的海试无疑会引发对于中国飞行员训练的疑问，这对于判断航母打击群的作战效率的至关重要.

On September 5, 2008, PLA Daily reported that the Dalian Naval Academy—China’s premier military institution under the command of the navy headquarters—had established a program to recruit pilot cadets. The article revealed the recruitment of 50 pilots, ostensibly selected to receive a four year education in ship-based aircraft flight. It has been widely assumed that this program was for the recruitment and training of the PLAN’s first class of carrier aviators (PLA Daily, September 5, 2008). Some analysts have speculated that if in fact the report is true then the first pilot program of recruiting pilot cadets is an indicator of an important decision made by the PLAN as a final stage of preparation for its highly touted carrier program (Chinamil.com.cn, September 10, 2008).

2008年九月,解放军日报报道大连海军学院已经启动舰载机训练项目，该学院是海军总部直属的最高军事院校。文章揭示受训飞行员数为50人,将经历4年的舰载机飞行培训。广泛认为该项目将用于培养中国首批航母飞行员.一些分析家预测,如该报道属实,意味着中国海军已经进入航母工程的最后阶段.

Another element of China’s carrier pilot training program that is shrouded in mystery is how it is training PLAN aircraft carrier pilots. After all, the Varyag will be China’s first aircraft carrier. To that end, China has been building training centers and actively seeking outside expertise to help train its pilot in carrier naval aviation. There are also reports that China is building several carrier-based fighter pilot systems for training. A couple of these installations, which are reportedly located in Liaoning, Hubei and Shanxi provinces, are designed to simulate the deck of an aircraft carrier landing system. For example, the massive carrier pilot training base at Huludao, Liaoning province appears to be a near duplicate of the design of NITKA (Ukrainian Nazemniy Ispitatelno—Tryenirovochniy Kompleks Aviatsii: Land-based Naval Aviation Testing and Training Complex). The NITKA facilities are state of the art land-based installations for operating one of the Russian-designed carriers that utilize a ski ramp for take-off instead of the steam catapult and arresting cable/tailhook landing system used on U.S. and French aircraft carriers (Taipei Times, February 15).
Another ground aircraft carrier fighter pilot simulation training system made of concrete and modeled after the Varyag appeared in the vicinity of Wuhan City, Hubei Province, with an almost identical medium-sized aircraft carrier landing runway and bridge (Russian World Arms trade and Analysis Center, February 9). Other facilities ostensibly for training of carrier personnel and engineering support specialists have been identified in Xian, Shanxi Province (Taipei Times, February 15).

另一个重要问题是中国如何训练航母飞行员。瓦舰无疑将成为第一艘航母,为此中国建立了训练中心并积极寻求外国专家帮助训练。一些报道指出中国正在建设数个航母战斗机飞行员训练系统。报道称这些设施分别位于辽宁、湖北和陕西省,用于模拟航母着陆的甲板。其中大规模的航母飞行员训练基地位于辽宁葫芦岛,其设施看起来像是复制于饿国NITKA系统；NITKA是俄国人设计的航母起飞着陆训练系统,与美法航母采用的蒸汽弹射和阻拦索系统不同,它采用滑跃起飞的方式。另一套设施位于武汉附近，是一个以瓦舰为蓝本的水泥建筑，几乎完全复制了瓦舰的跑道和剑桥。此外还有一些训练人员和工程支援专家的设施被证实位于陕西省西安市.
   
China is also reportedly seeking to train pilots for ship-based aircraft at naval aviation training centers in Ukraine. The center is equipped with state-of-the-art simulators for taking off from angled decks, landing with arresting wires, and emergency response operations (China Review News, April 21). Furthermore, Brazil and China had reached an agreement in 2009 to train personnel from the PLAN in Brazil. In the interview (available in Portuguese), Brazil's Defense Minister Nelson Jobim announced that the two sides reached a training agreement to stage PLAN officers abroad the NAe Sao Paulo, Brazil’s Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier (See “PLAN Officers to Train on Brazilian Aircraft Carrier,” China Brief, June 12, 2009).

有报道指出中国也在寻求利用乌克兰海军航空训练中心培训飞行员。该中心装备有先进的模拟器,用于模拟从倾斜甲板起飞,利用阻降索降落,以及紧急情况下的对应措施.不仅如此,中国和巴西还在2009年达成协议在巴西培训中国海军。在采访中,巴西国防部长Nelson Jobimx表示巴方将在克里蒙梭级航母圣保罗号上训练解放军军官.

There are currently nine navies with aircraft carriers in active service, and the United States, France, Russia and Brazil are the only four naval forces that have operational aircraft carriers capable of launching and recovering conventional aircraft. Reports that appeared in the Chinese press as well as its activities indicated that the PLAN may be planning to use a mix of CATOBAR and STOBAR launch and recovery systems for its carriers, which would explain why Chinese leaders have reached out to both Ukraine and Brazil for carrier aviation training (China Review News, April 21; Defasanet, May 13, 2009).

目前世界上拥有航母并处于服役状态的海军有9只，其中只有美国,法国,俄国,巴西的航母可以起降常规固定翼飞机。中国媒体的报道显示，海军计划使用的起降系统混合了CATOBAR和STOBAR两种技术，这可以解释为什么中国人同时寻求使用乌克兰和巴西的设施进行训练。

There remains a long period of training, development and exercises before the carrier becomes operational. It is likely that the Varyag will be used mainly for training purposes for a completely indigenous model. While a single carrier is largely symbolic, nevertheless it underscores the progress that China has made and its ambition to become a global maritime power.
The upcoming sea trials for the Varyag will mark China’s ascension in a rare class of naval powers. While China has demonstrated that it is catching up with Western powers in terms of hardware, yet China’s rise as a true naval power is far from assured. Much will depend on the extent to which it is able to educate and train the personnel that will ultimately determine military capabilities. This remains to be seen for now.

在航母实际形成战斗力前,需要很长的时间进行训练、发展和练习。现在看起来瓦舰主要是用于未来中国国产航母的训练。尽管首艘航母主要是象征意义,但这也说明了中国海军取得的进展和成为全球性海上力量的雄心. 即将到来的瓦舰海试，标志着中国已经迈入世界海军顶端的一级。不过即时中国在硬件方面已经开始追赶上西方,但这远不能说明他已经成为一只真正的海军力量。海军力量很大程度上依赖于人员的教育和培训，这才是最终决定战斗力的因素。而中国在这方面还有待观察。

========================================================
本文仅用于翻译练习，请勿用于商业目的。欢迎指正翻译错误。
往期请参见：http://www.docin.com/zczfr
========================================================