超级军网撒切尔的秘密文件：差点重新武装的化学武器
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/05/02 05:06:23
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com
论坛地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-333409-1-1.html
Margaret Thatcher secret papers: How former PM nearly rearmed Britain with chemical weapons
玛格丽特·撒切尔的秘密文件：前首相如何差点重新武装英国的化学武器
Despite Britain’s opposition to using nerve agents, Thatcher consideredspending ￡200m on them
尽管英国反对使用神经毒剂，撒切尔还是在这上面花费了2亿英镑
Margaret Thatcher considered re，-equipping Britain withchemical weapons at a cost of up to ￡200mafter she was presented with evidence that the Soviet Union was developing anew poison capable of overwhelming Nato forces.
Top-secret documents released today reveal that while Britain had disavowedchemical agents and destroyed its stocks, the Thatcher government looked intoacquiring a substantial new arsenal of the weapons of mass destruction amidrenewed tensions with Moscow in 1984.
The Prime Minister is recorded by her foreign policy adviser Charles Powell assaying that she and her ministers ran the risk of being considered “negligent”if they failed to rearm the United Kingdom with chemical agents.
The highly sensitive discussions took place following intelligence reports thatthe Soviet Union not only vastly outgunned Nato forces in terms of chemicalweapon reserves – its stocks of nerve gas alone were put at 300,000 tons – butwas also working on a new “penetrating agent” against which British and otherallied forces had no defence.译文来源:龙腾网 HTTP://WWW.LTAAA.COM
The debate sat awkwardly with Britain’s publicly declared stance on chemicalweapons after it unilaterally gave up its chemical weapons capability in the1950s and underlined its adhesion to the Geneva Protocol banning the use ofsuch materials.
在得知苏联正在研制一种压制北约的新毒药之后。玛格丽特撒切尔考虑重新用化学武器装备英国并为此花了2亿英镑。
最近解密的机密文件显示，1984年苏联局势紧张，英国在否认持有化学武器并表示已无库存之际，撒切尔政府正忙着在兵工厂研制大规模杀伤性武器。
首相的外交政策顾问查尔斯鲍威尔纪录说，如果英国未能重新装备化武，首相和大臣们将有被追究“失职”的风险。
这个高敏感度的讨论发生于得到的一份情报，苏联不仅化武储备远超北约——它储备了30万吨神经毒气——此外还在研制一种英国和其盟国军队无法抵御的“渗透剂”。
这场会议的时间比较尴尬，刚好在上世纪50年代英国公开表明其立场，放弃化学武器并将禁化武条例写进日内瓦公约之际。
The aftermath of the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985
1985年海瑟尔惨案之后
【译者注：海瑟尔惨案：1985年5月欧冠足球决赛在比利时布鲁塞尔海瑟尔球场举行。英格兰利物浦VS意大利尤文图斯。赛中。利物浦足球流氓对尤文图斯球迷大打出手，导致看台崩塌，压死尤文图斯球迷39名，伤者近700人。由此利物浦输了球赛，其后英国球队被禁止参加欧洲赛事5年，利物浦球队被禁7年。】
By late 1984, military chiefs had grown increasingly alarmed that the Warsaw Pacthad built up a significant advantage over the West with factories in Russiacapable of producing 12,000 tons of nerve agent such as sarin.
Only the United States maintained any stocks of chemical weapons but its“limited and ageing” arsenal consisted of just 31,000 tons, according to thedocuments released at the National Archives in Kew, west London.
The revelation that Moscow was pouring considerable resources into developingnew agents, among them a new substance “capable of defeating all Nato respiratorsincluding the British one”, prompted advisers to Mrs Thatcher to warn that theUK urgently needed a revised strategy. A briefing provided to Mrs Thatcher,which carried the “Secret – UK eyes” designation, stated bluntly: “We areconvinced that a new and serious CW [chemical weapon] threat exists.”
1984年下半旬，华沙公约的签订让军事首脑们越来越坐不住了，该条约让能生产12000吨诸如沙林毒气的俄罗斯对比西方更有优势。
据西伦敦区的伦敦国家档案馆记载，当时西方只剩美国还有化武储备，但兵工厂也只有“有限且老旧”的31000吨。
撒切尔夫人收到的情报称，苏联正在动用大量资源开发新型药剂，其中一种新产品“能攻陷包括英国在内的所有北约成员。”并敦促警告首相英国急需一个新策略。这份 叫做“机密——伦敦之眼”的密报被提供给撒切尔夫人，并坦率标注“我们相信这个叫做CW（化学武器）的新物质很严重，威胁确实存在。”
Margaret Thatcher's then foreign policy adviser, Charles Powell(pictured with Lady Carla Powell), warned the Prime Minister of being“negligent” (Getty)
玛格丽特撒切尔的外交政策顾问查尔斯鲍威尔（图上为卡拉鲍威尔女士），警告首相不要“失职”
Among the detailed options put forward to ministers was the acquisition of “anindependent UK retaliatory capability” developed either by British scientistsor purchased from the US.
The document stated: “On the assumption that no new and dedicated deliverysystems would be required, the cost of setting up UK production facilities forchemical agents would [be] broadly in the order of ￡100mto ￡200m.”
The records do not reveal how far the proposal got. But a memo from Mr Powellfollowing a discussion attended by ministers including the Defence SecretaryMichael Heseltine and Foreign Secretary Geoffrey Howe shows the Prime Ministerfar from dismissed it out of hand.
While her colleagues warned of the “political difficulties”, the Prime Ministersuggested there was a strong case in favour of such a move. Mr Powell wrote:“The Prime Minister said that it might be argued that it was negligent of thegovernment not to acquire a CW capacity.”
The proposal was part of a wider debate of what tools would be necessaryadequately to defend Britain while also pushing Moscow towards an internationaltreaty banning the production as well as the use of chemical weapons. TheChemical Weapons Convention was eventually signed in 1993 and entered into forcefour years later.
The debate coincided with the construction by a British company of a chemicalplant in Iraq which subsequently became a suspected key component in the SaddamHussein’s chemical warfare production chain.
The Trade and Industry Department approved the contract for the construction ofa chlorine plant and then concealed it from Washington despite an admissionfrom Whitehall officials that there was a “strong possibility” it would be usedto make mustard gas.
部长们收到的详细建议中某一条是招募“独立自主有反击能力的英国人”，要么选英国科学家要么选从美国回来的英国商人。
文件上显示：“假设在不需要新的专用运输系统的情况下，建立化学药剂生产线的成本大约在1亿到2亿之间。”
文件没有显示该建议要进行到什么程度。但是鲍威尔先生的备忘录上记录了一次大臣们的讨论会，包括国防部长MichaelHeseltine和外交大臣Geoffrey Howe，（该建议）被展示给首相，她当时没有否决。
在首相暗示我们有充分的理由支持这个议案事，她的同僚们都提醒她这个“政治难题”。鲍威尔先生写道：“首相说，这也许会有争议但不为化学战做准备的政府是失职的。”
广泛讨论的一个建议是什么样的武器适用于英国保护自己的同时能迫使莫斯科加入国际条约禁止生产和使用化武。化学武器公约在1993年被签订，4年后生效。
讨论会的同时，一家英国公司正在伊拉克建化工厂，该工厂很可能后来构成了侯赛因萨达姆化学武器公司中的重要一环。
工业贸易署批准了氯气厂的建设合同，尽管白宫的一名官员表示它很有可能被用来制芥子气，然而华盛顿隐匿了它。原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com
论坛地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-333409-1-1.html
Margaret Thatcher secret papers: How former PM nearly rearmed Britain with chemical weapons
玛格丽特·撒切尔的秘密文件：前首相如何差点重新武装英国的化学武器
Despite Britain’s opposition to using nerve agents, Thatcher consideredspending ￡200m on them
尽管英国反对使用神经毒剂，撒切尔还是在这上面花费了2亿英镑
Margaret Thatcher considered re，-equipping Britain withchemical weapons at a cost of up to ￡200mafter she was presented with evidence that the Soviet Union was developing anew poison capable of overwhelming Nato forces.
Top-secret documents released today reveal that while Britain had disavowedchemical agents and destroyed its stocks, the Thatcher government looked intoacquiring a substantial new arsenal of the weapons of mass destruction amidrenewed tensions with Moscow in 1984.
The Prime Minister is recorded by her foreign policy adviser Charles Powell assaying that she and her ministers ran the risk of being considered “negligent”if they failed to rearm the United Kingdom with chemical agents.
The highly sensitive discussions took place following intelligence reports thatthe Soviet Union not only vastly outgunned Nato forces in terms of chemicalweapon reserves – its stocks of nerve gas alone were put at 300,000 tons – butwas also working on a new “penetrating agent” against which British and otherallied forces had no defence.译文来源:龙腾网 HTTP://WWW.LTAAA.COM
The debate sat awkwardly with Britain’s publicly declared stance on chemicalweapons after it unilaterally gave up its chemical weapons capability in the1950s and underlined its adhesion to the Geneva Protocol banning the use ofsuch materials.
在得知苏联正在研制一种压制北约的新毒药之后。玛格丽特撒切尔考虑重新用化学武器装备英国并为此花了2亿英镑。
最近解密的机密文件显示，1984年苏联局势紧张，英国在否认持有化学武器并表示已无库存之际，撒切尔政府正忙着在兵工厂研制大规模杀伤性武器。
首相的外交政策顾问查尔斯鲍威尔纪录说，如果英国未能重新装备化武，首相和大臣们将有被追究“失职”的风险。
这个高敏感度的讨论发生于得到的一份情报，苏联不仅化武储备远超北约——它储备了30万吨神经毒气——此外还在研制一种英国和其盟国军队无法抵御的“渗透剂”。
这场会议的时间比较尴尬，刚好在上世纪50年代英国公开表明其立场，放弃化学武器并将禁化武条例写进日内瓦公约之际。
The aftermath of the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985
1985年海瑟尔惨案之后
【译者注：海瑟尔惨案：1985年5月欧冠足球决赛在比利时布鲁塞尔海瑟尔球场举行。英格兰利物浦VS意大利尤文图斯。赛中。利物浦足球流氓对尤文图斯球迷大打出手，导致看台崩塌，压死尤文图斯球迷39名，伤者近700人。由此利物浦输了球赛，其后英国球队被禁止参加欧洲赛事5年，利物浦球队被禁7年。】
By late 1984, military chiefs had grown increasingly alarmed that the Warsaw Pacthad built up a significant advantage over the West with factories in Russiacapable of producing 12,000 tons of nerve agent such as sarin.
Only the United States maintained any stocks of chemical weapons but its“limited and ageing” arsenal consisted of just 31,000 tons, according to thedocuments released at the National Archives in Kew, west London.
The revelation that Moscow was pouring considerable resources into developingnew agents, among them a new substance “capable of defeating all Nato respiratorsincluding the British one”, prompted advisers to Mrs Thatcher to warn that theUK urgently needed a revised strategy. A briefing provided to Mrs Thatcher,which carried the “Secret – UK eyes” designation, stated bluntly: “We areconvinced that a new and serious CW [chemical weapon] threat exists.”
1984年下半旬，华沙公约的签订让军事首脑们越来越坐不住了，该条约让能生产12000吨诸如沙林毒气的俄罗斯对比西方更有优势。
据西伦敦区的伦敦国家档案馆记载，当时西方只剩美国还有化武储备，但兵工厂也只有“有限且老旧”的31000吨。
撒切尔夫人收到的情报称，苏联正在动用大量资源开发新型药剂，其中一种新产品“能攻陷包括英国在内的所有北约成员。”并敦促警告首相英国急需一个新策略。这份 叫做“机密——伦敦之眼”的密报被提供给撒切尔夫人，并坦率标注“我们相信这个叫做CW（化学武器）的新物质很严重，威胁确实存在。”
Margaret Thatcher's then foreign policy adviser, Charles Powell(pictured with Lady Carla Powell), warned the Prime Minister of being“negligent” (Getty)
玛格丽特撒切尔的外交政策顾问查尔斯鲍威尔（图上为卡拉鲍威尔女士），警告首相不要“失职”
Among the detailed options put forward to ministers was the acquisition of “anindependent UK retaliatory capability” developed either by British scientistsor purchased from the US.
The document stated: “On the assumption that no new and dedicated deliverysystems would be required, the cost of setting up UK production facilities forchemical agents would [be] broadly in the order of ￡100mto ￡200m.”
The records do not reveal how far the proposal got. But a memo from Mr Powellfollowing a discussion attended by ministers including the Defence SecretaryMichael Heseltine and Foreign Secretary Geoffrey Howe shows the Prime Ministerfar from dismissed it out of hand.
While her colleagues warned of the “political difficulties”, the Prime Ministersuggested there was a strong case in favour of such a move. Mr Powell wrote:“The Prime Minister said that it might be argued that it was negligent of thegovernment not to acquire a CW capacity.”
The proposal was part of a wider debate of what tools would be necessaryadequately to defend Britain while also pushing Moscow towards an internationaltreaty banning the production as well as the use of chemical weapons. TheChemical Weapons Convention was eventually signed in 1993 and entered into forcefour years later.
The debate coincided with the construction by a British company of a chemicalplant in Iraq which subsequently became a suspected key component in the SaddamHussein’s chemical warfare production chain.
The Trade and Industry Department approved the contract for the construction ofa chlorine plant and then concealed it from Washington despite an admissionfrom Whitehall officials that there was a “strong possibility” it would be usedto make mustard gas.
部长们收到的详细建议中某一条是招募“独立自主有反击能力的英国人”，要么选英国科学家要么选从美国回来的英国商人。
文件上显示：“假设在不需要新的专用运输系统的情况下，建立化学药剂生产线的成本大约在1亿到2亿之间。”
文件没有显示该建议要进行到什么程度。但是鲍威尔先生的备忘录上记录了一次大臣们的讨论会，包括国防部长MichaelHeseltine和外交大臣Geoffrey Howe，（该建议）被展示给首相，她当时没有否决。
在首相暗示我们有充分的理由支持这个议案事，她的同僚们都提醒她这个“政治难题”。鲍威尔先生写道：“首相说，这也许会有争议但不为化学战做准备的政府是失职的。”
广泛讨论的一个建议是什么样的武器适用于英国保护自己的同时能迫使莫斯科加入国际条约禁止生产和使用化武。化学武器公约在1993年被签订，4年后生效。
讨论会的同时，一家英国公司正在伊拉克建化工厂，该工厂很可能后来构成了侯赛因萨达姆化学武器公司中的重要一环。
工业贸易署批准了氯气厂的建设合同，尽管白宫的一名官员表示它很有可能被用来制芥子气，然而华盛顿隐匿了它。
论坛地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-333409-1-1.html
Margaret Thatcher secret papers: How former PM nearly rearmed Britain with chemical weapons
玛格丽特·撒切尔的秘密文件：前首相如何差点重新武装英国的化学武器
Despite Britain’s opposition to using nerve agents, Thatcher consideredspending ￡200m on them
尽管英国反对使用神经毒剂，撒切尔还是在这上面花费了2亿英镑
Margaret Thatcher considered re，-equipping Britain withchemical weapons at a cost of up to ￡200mafter she was presented with evidence that the Soviet Union was developing anew poison capable of overwhelming Nato forces.
Top-secret documents released today reveal that while Britain had disavowedchemical agents and destroyed its stocks, the Thatcher government looked intoacquiring a substantial new arsenal of the weapons of mass destruction amidrenewed tensions with Moscow in 1984.
The Prime Minister is recorded by her foreign policy adviser Charles Powell assaying that she and her ministers ran the risk of being considered “negligent”if they failed to rearm the United Kingdom with chemical agents.
The highly sensitive discussions took place following intelligence reports thatthe Soviet Union not only vastly outgunned Nato forces in terms of chemicalweapon reserves – its stocks of nerve gas alone were put at 300,000 tons – butwas also working on a new “penetrating agent” against which British and otherallied forces had no defence.译文来源:龙腾网 HTTP://WWW.LTAAA.COM
The debate sat awkwardly with Britain’s publicly declared stance on chemicalweapons after it unilaterally gave up its chemical weapons capability in the1950s and underlined its adhesion to the Geneva Protocol banning the use ofsuch materials.
在得知苏联正在研制一种压制北约的新毒药之后。玛格丽特撒切尔考虑重新用化学武器装备英国并为此花了2亿英镑。
最近解密的机密文件显示，1984年苏联局势紧张，英国在否认持有化学武器并表示已无库存之际，撒切尔政府正忙着在兵工厂研制大规模杀伤性武器。
首相的外交政策顾问查尔斯鲍威尔纪录说，如果英国未能重新装备化武，首相和大臣们将有被追究“失职”的风险。
这个高敏感度的讨论发生于得到的一份情报，苏联不仅化武储备远超北约——它储备了30万吨神经毒气——此外还在研制一种英国和其盟国军队无法抵御的“渗透剂”。
这场会议的时间比较尴尬，刚好在上世纪50年代英国公开表明其立场，放弃化学武器并将禁化武条例写进日内瓦公约之际。
The aftermath of the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985
1985年海瑟尔惨案之后
【译者注：海瑟尔惨案：1985年5月欧冠足球决赛在比利时布鲁塞尔海瑟尔球场举行。英格兰利物浦VS意大利尤文图斯。赛中。利物浦足球流氓对尤文图斯球迷大打出手，导致看台崩塌，压死尤文图斯球迷39名，伤者近700人。由此利物浦输了球赛，其后英国球队被禁止参加欧洲赛事5年，利物浦球队被禁7年。】
By late 1984, military chiefs had grown increasingly alarmed that the Warsaw Pacthad built up a significant advantage over the West with factories in Russiacapable of producing 12,000 tons of nerve agent such as sarin.
Only the United States maintained any stocks of chemical weapons but its“limited and ageing” arsenal consisted of just 31,000 tons, according to thedocuments released at the National Archives in Kew, west London.
The revelation that Moscow was pouring considerable resources into developingnew agents, among them a new substance “capable of defeating all Nato respiratorsincluding the British one”, prompted advisers to Mrs Thatcher to warn that theUK urgently needed a revised strategy. A briefing provided to Mrs Thatcher,which carried the “Secret – UK eyes” designation, stated bluntly: “We areconvinced that a new and serious CW [chemical weapon] threat exists.”
1984年下半旬，华沙公约的签订让军事首脑们越来越坐不住了，该条约让能生产12000吨诸如沙林毒气的俄罗斯对比西方更有优势。
据西伦敦区的伦敦国家档案馆记载，当时西方只剩美国还有化武储备，但兵工厂也只有“有限且老旧”的31000吨。
撒切尔夫人收到的情报称，苏联正在动用大量资源开发新型药剂，其中一种新产品“能攻陷包括英国在内的所有北约成员。”并敦促警告首相英国急需一个新策略。这份 叫做“机密——伦敦之眼”的密报被提供给撒切尔夫人，并坦率标注“我们相信这个叫做CW（化学武器）的新物质很严重，威胁确实存在。”
Margaret Thatcher's then foreign policy adviser, Charles Powell(pictured with Lady Carla Powell), warned the Prime Minister of being“negligent” (Getty)
玛格丽特撒切尔的外交政策顾问查尔斯鲍威尔（图上为卡拉鲍威尔女士），警告首相不要“失职”
Among the detailed options put forward to ministers was the acquisition of “anindependent UK retaliatory capability” developed either by British scientistsor purchased from the US.
The document stated: “On the assumption that no new and dedicated deliverysystems would be required, the cost of setting up UK production facilities forchemical agents would [be] broadly in the order of ￡100mto ￡200m.”
The records do not reveal how far the proposal got. But a memo from Mr Powellfollowing a discussion attended by ministers including the Defence SecretaryMichael Heseltine and Foreign Secretary Geoffrey Howe shows the Prime Ministerfar from dismissed it out of hand.
While her colleagues warned of the “political difficulties”, the Prime Ministersuggested there was a strong case in favour of such a move. Mr Powell wrote:“The Prime Minister said that it might be argued that it was negligent of thegovernment not to acquire a CW capacity.”
The proposal was part of a wider debate of what tools would be necessaryadequately to defend Britain while also pushing Moscow towards an internationaltreaty banning the production as well as the use of chemical weapons. TheChemical Weapons Convention was eventually signed in 1993 and entered into forcefour years later.
The debate coincided with the construction by a British company of a chemicalplant in Iraq which subsequently became a suspected key component in the SaddamHussein’s chemical warfare production chain.
The Trade and Industry Department approved the contract for the construction ofa chlorine plant and then concealed it from Washington despite an admissionfrom Whitehall officials that there was a “strong possibility” it would be usedto make mustard gas.
部长们收到的详细建议中某一条是招募“独立自主有反击能力的英国人”，要么选英国科学家要么选从美国回来的英国商人。
文件上显示：“假设在不需要新的专用运输系统的情况下，建立化学药剂生产线的成本大约在1亿到2亿之间。”
文件没有显示该建议要进行到什么程度。但是鲍威尔先生的备忘录上记录了一次大臣们的讨论会，包括国防部长MichaelHeseltine和外交大臣Geoffrey Howe，（该建议）被展示给首相，她当时没有否决。
在首相暗示我们有充分的理由支持这个议案事，她的同僚们都提醒她这个“政治难题”。鲍威尔先生写道：“首相说，这也许会有争议但不为化学战做准备的政府是失职的。”
广泛讨论的一个建议是什么样的武器适用于英国保护自己的同时能迫使莫斯科加入国际条约禁止生产和使用化武。化学武器公约在1993年被签订，4年后生效。
讨论会的同时，一家英国公司正在伊拉克建化工厂，该工厂很可能后来构成了侯赛因萨达姆化学武器公司中的重要一环。
工业贸易署批准了氯气厂的建设合同，尽管白宫的一名官员表示它很有可能被用来制芥子气，然而华盛顿隐匿了它。原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com
论坛地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-333409-1-1.html
Margaret Thatcher secret papers: How former PM nearly rearmed Britain with chemical weapons
玛格丽特·撒切尔的秘密文件：前首相如何差点重新武装英国的化学武器
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Despite Britain’s opposition to using nerve agents, Thatcher consideredspending ￡200m on them
尽管英国反对使用神经毒剂，撒切尔还是在这上面花费了2亿英镑
Margaret Thatcher considered re，-equipping Britain withchemical weapons at a cost of up to ￡200mafter she was presented with evidence that the Soviet Union was developing anew poison capable of overwhelming Nato forces.
Top-secret documents released today reveal that while Britain had disavowedchemical agents and destroyed its stocks, the Thatcher government looked intoacquiring a substantial new arsenal of the weapons of mass destruction amidrenewed tensions with Moscow in 1984.
The Prime Minister is recorded by her foreign policy adviser Charles Powell assaying that she and her ministers ran the risk of being considered “negligent”if they failed to rearm the United Kingdom with chemical agents.
The highly sensitive discussions took place following intelligence reports thatthe Soviet Union not only vastly outgunned Nato forces in terms of chemicalweapon reserves – its stocks of nerve gas alone were put at 300,000 tons – butwas also working on a new “penetrating agent” against which British and otherallied forces had no defence.译文来源:龙腾网 HTTP://WWW.LTAAA.COM
The debate sat awkwardly with Britain’s publicly declared stance on chemicalweapons after it unilaterally gave up its chemical weapons capability in the1950s and underlined its adhesion to the Geneva Protocol banning the use ofsuch materials.
在得知苏联正在研制一种压制北约的新毒药之后。玛格丽特撒切尔考虑重新用化学武器装备英国并为此花了2亿英镑。
最近解密的机密文件显示，1984年苏联局势紧张，英国在否认持有化学武器并表示已无库存之际，撒切尔政府正忙着在兵工厂研制大规模杀伤性武器。
首相的外交政策顾问查尔斯鲍威尔纪录说，如果英国未能重新装备化武，首相和大臣们将有被追究“失职”的风险。
这个高敏感度的讨论发生于得到的一份情报，苏联不仅化武储备远超北约——它储备了30万吨神经毒气——此外还在研制一种英国和其盟国军队无法抵御的“渗透剂”。
这场会议的时间比较尴尬，刚好在上世纪50年代英国公开表明其立场，放弃化学武器并将禁化武条例写进日内瓦公约之际。
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The aftermath of the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985
1985年海瑟尔惨案之后
【译者注：海瑟尔惨案：1985年5月欧冠足球决赛在比利时布鲁塞尔海瑟尔球场举行。英格兰利物浦VS意大利尤文图斯。赛中。利物浦足球流氓对尤文图斯球迷大打出手，导致看台崩塌，压死尤文图斯球迷39名，伤者近700人。由此利物浦输了球赛，其后英国球队被禁止参加欧洲赛事5年，利物浦球队被禁7年。】
By late 1984, military chiefs had grown increasingly alarmed that the Warsaw Pacthad built up a significant advantage over the West with factories in Russiacapable of producing 12,000 tons of nerve agent such as sarin.
Only the United States maintained any stocks of chemical weapons but its“limited and ageing” arsenal consisted of just 31,000 tons, according to thedocuments released at the National Archives in Kew, west London.
The revelation that Moscow was pouring considerable resources into developingnew agents, among them a new substance “capable of defeating all Nato respiratorsincluding the British one”, prompted advisers to Mrs Thatcher to warn that theUK urgently needed a revised strategy. A briefing provided to Mrs Thatcher,which carried the “Secret – UK eyes” designation, stated bluntly: “We areconvinced that a new and serious CW [chemical weapon] threat exists.”
1984年下半旬，华沙公约的签订让军事首脑们越来越坐不住了，该条约让能生产12000吨诸如沙林毒气的俄罗斯对比西方更有优势。
据西伦敦区的伦敦国家档案馆记载，当时西方只剩美国还有化武储备，但兵工厂也只有“有限且老旧”的31000吨。
撒切尔夫人收到的情报称，苏联正在动用大量资源开发新型药剂，其中一种新产品“能攻陷包括英国在内的所有北约成员。”并敦促警告首相英国急需一个新策略。这份 叫做“机密——伦敦之眼”的密报被提供给撒切尔夫人，并坦率标注“我们相信这个叫做CW（化学武器）的新物质很严重，威胁确实存在。”
Margaret Thatcher's then foreign policy adviser, Charles Powell(pictured with Lady Carla Powell), warned the Prime Minister of being“negligent” (Getty)
玛格丽特撒切尔的外交政策顾问查尔斯鲍威尔（图上为卡拉鲍威尔女士），警告首相不要“失职”
Among the detailed options put forward to ministers was the acquisition of “anindependent UK retaliatory capability” developed either by British scientistsor purchased from the US.
The document stated: “On the assumption that no new and dedicated deliverysystems would be required, the cost of setting up UK production facilities forchemical agents would [be] broadly in the order of ￡100mto ￡200m.”
The records do not reveal how far the proposal got. But a memo from Mr Powellfollowing a discussion attended by ministers including the Defence SecretaryMichael Heseltine and Foreign Secretary Geoffrey Howe shows the Prime Ministerfar from dismissed it out of hand.
While her colleagues warned of the “political difficulties”, the Prime Ministersuggested there was a strong case in favour of such a move. Mr Powell wrote:“The Prime Minister said that it might be argued that it was negligent of thegovernment not to acquire a CW capacity.”
The proposal was part of a wider debate of what tools would be necessaryadequately to defend Britain while also pushing Moscow towards an internationaltreaty banning the production as well as the use of chemical weapons. TheChemical Weapons Convention was eventually signed in 1993 and entered into forcefour years later.
The debate coincided with the construction by a British company of a chemicalplant in Iraq which subsequently became a suspected key component in the SaddamHussein’s chemical warfare production chain.
The Trade and Industry Department approved the contract for the construction ofa chlorine plant and then concealed it from Washington despite an admissionfrom Whitehall officials that there was a “strong possibility” it would be usedto make mustard gas.
部长们收到的详细建议中某一条是招募“独立自主有反击能力的英国人”，要么选英国科学家要么选从美国回来的英国商人。
文件上显示：“假设在不需要新的专用运输系统的情况下，建立化学药剂生产线的成本大约在1亿到2亿之间。”
文件没有显示该建议要进行到什么程度。但是鲍威尔先生的备忘录上记录了一次大臣们的讨论会，包括国防部长MichaelHeseltine和外交大臣Geoffrey Howe，（该建议）被展示给首相，她当时没有否决。
在首相暗示我们有充分的理由支持这个议案事，她的同僚们都提醒她这个“政治难题”。鲍威尔先生写道：“首相说，这也许会有争议但不为化学战做准备的政府是失职的。”
广泛讨论的一个建议是什么样的武器适用于英国保护自己的同时能迫使莫斯科加入国际条约禁止生产和使用化武。化学武器公约在1993年被签订，4年后生效。
讨论会的同时，一家英国公司正在伊拉克建化工厂，该工厂很可能后来构成了侯赛因萨达姆化学武器公司中的重要一环。
工业贸易署批准了氯气厂的建设合同，尽管白宫的一名官员表示它很有可能被用来制芥子气，然而华盛顿隐匿了它。