新人第一帖---南苏丹：中国进退两难（来自龙腾）

           南苏丹：中国进退两难
       China's South Sudan Dilemma


原文地址：thediplomat点com/2013/12/chinas-south-sudan-dilemma/

New waves of violence in South Sudan have worried governments around the world, and Beijing is no exception. Clashes between rebel forces and the South Sudanese government jeopardize the lives of Chinese citizens in the country, as well as throwing into question the future of South Sudan’s vast oil fields.

南苏丹新一波的暴乱事件使得全世界为之担心，北京政府也不例外。叛军与南苏丹政府军的交战让居住在这个国家的中国公民不再安全，南苏丹众多油田的未来前景也被置于疑问中。

Violence began in the South Sudan after President Salva Kiir announced that this his government has prevented a coup attempt by Vice President Riek Machar. Machar denied the accusation and accused Kirr of fabricating an excuse to crack down on opposition. Violence in the capital of Juba is believed to have killed hundreds of people, and the uprisings have spread. Unrest has continued along ethnic lines: Kirr is part of the majority Dinka ethnic group, while Machar is of the Nuer ethnic group.

在总统Kiir宣布政府已镇压了副总统Macher的政变行为后，南苏丹暴乱拉开序幕，副总统否认指控，并且反指控总统编造理由借此取缔反对派，在首都朱巴发生的暴力事件，确信已经造成数百人身亡，暴动开始蔓延，动荡随着民族的不同愈演愈烈，总统Kiir是丁克族，而副总统Machar是努埃尔族

The unrest has already caused at least one international incident. On December 19, a group of armed Nuer youths opened fire on a United Nations base that was providing refuge for Dinka civilians. According to the UN News Center, two UN peacekeepers from India and 20 civilians were killed in the attack. In addition to UN peacekeepers, many foreign oil companies have staff stationed in South Sudan. These foreign civilians could now be caught in the cross-fire. Rebel forces, according to the New York Times, have taken over control of some of South Sudan’s oil fields.

动荡至少已经造成一起国际事故，在12月19日，一股武装的努埃尔人向庇护丁克族人的联合国基地开枪射击，根据联合国新闻中心的消息，在这次袭击中两名印度士兵和二十多平民丧生，除了联合国的维和部队，很多外国石油公司有员工驻扎在南苏丹，这些外国人现在在交战火线上显得引人注目，来自于纽约时报的消息，叛军已经取得了南苏丹部分油田的控制权

In a press conference, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying said that “China strongly condemns the violent action against the UN Mission in South Sudan” although she noted that “Chinese peacekeepers in South Sudan are safe.” She confirmed that the staff members of some Chinese companies in the region are preparing to return to China. “The Chinese Embassy in South Sudan will continue to provide necessary assistance for the Chinese citizens in their evacuation, and it calls on the government of South Sudan to ensure the safety of Chinese citizens and institutions,” Hua said.

在一次新闻发布会上，外交部发言人华春莹说“中国强烈谴责放生在南苏丹针对联合国的暴力行径”他还说“在南苏丹的中国维和部队很安全”，她同时证实，地区内的部分中国公司的员工准备回国。“中国驻南苏丹大使将对他们的撤离提供必要的协助，并且呼吁南苏丹政府保证中国公民和机构的安全”

The violence brings upheaval to a region that many hoped would settle down after years of the bloody civil war that preceded South Sudan’s official split from Sudan. That conflict was a particular headache for China. Beijing had invested heavily in Sudan’s oil industry before the violent civil war resulted in South Sudan’s independence. The founding of South Sudan meant that much of the oil China sought was now located in a different country.

暴乱使这个地区局势剧变，而这里南苏丹刚刚从苏丹正式独立，很多人都希翼着从多年的流血冲突中安定下来，这次冲突对于中国来说显得极为头疼，在战争致使南苏丹独立之前，中国已经在苏丹的石油工业中投下巨资，南苏丹的独立意味着，中国所寻找的石油如今则置身于另外一个完全不同的国家。

China recognized South Sudan in July 2011, shortly after the new country’s founding. Hu Jintao sent acongratulatory message to South Sudan’s new president, saying that “China respects the political system and development path the South Sudanese have chosen.” Hu added, “China also stands ready to establish and develop friendly and cooperative relations with the new nation based on the five principles of peaceful coexistence.” One of the referenced five principles is non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, a principle that will become increasing difficult for China to honor if foreign unrest affects Chinese citizens and business investments.

中国在南苏丹成立后不久的2011年7月承认这个国家，胡给南苏丹的新总统发去贺电，称“中国尊重南苏丹人民选择的政治体系和发展道路”胡还说“中国已经准备好在和平共处五项原则上发展友好合作关系”，在这五项原则其中有一项，就是互不干涉国家内部事务，但如果外国的动荡影响中国公民和商业投资的话，互不干涉这一原则，对中国来说变得越来越难

Many are concerned that the violence will interrupt the country’s oil production, which is a crucial part of South Sudan’s economy. Global Witness estimates that oil revenue makes up 98 percent of South Sudan’s annual budget, making oil production a logical target for rebels. China National Petroleum Company moved Friday to evacuate oil workers to South Sudan’s capital, Juba. About 200 oil workers fled to a United Nations base in Unity State, seeking refuge from the violence. Xinhua notes that South Sudan’s government insists that “oil is flowing normally from the production sites to Sudan’s oil pipeline,” but with rebel action targeting oil fields it’s obvious that continued production is in question.

很多人担心，动乱会影响国家的石油产量，这对于南苏丹的经济至关重要，某机构预计石油占到南苏丹年预算收入的98%，对于叛军来说获得石油输出是不二选择，中石油周五撤离全部员工到南苏丹首都朱巴，大概200名石油工人躲到联合国基地寻求庇护，新华社报道南苏丹坚称“石油还在正常的从产地注入管道”，随着叛军对着油田开始行动，未来石油产量明显是个问题

Beijing already has a lot invested in South Sudan. Since the country’s founding, China has offered the South Sudan government loans and assistance for various development projects, including a September 2013 deal to provide aid to South Sudan’s mining industry. China’s oil companies are also active in the oil-rich state. According to Reuters, CNPC is a major shareholder in two large oil groups operating in South Sudan, Petrodar and the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company. Chinadialogue reports that China consumes over 80 percent of South Sudan’s oil exports. Now, once again, China finds its investments in jeopardy.

北京在南苏丹有巨幅投资，自从这个国家建立之初，中国就提供给南苏丹政府巨量贷款，以及各种发展项目的贷款，包括2013年9月协议援助南苏丹采矿业，中国的石油公司们也开始在这个盛产石油的国度开展行动，根据路透社，中石油是南苏丹两大石油集团Petrodar 和苏丹国家石油公司的主要持股人，Chinadialogue报道说南苏丹80%的石油出口运往中国，现在，再次，中国发现投出去的钱又不安全了

On Monday, Hua noted that “China is greatly concerned with the development of South Sudan’s situation, and is promoting negotiation with its own way.” “We will work with all relevant parties to promote the conflicting sides in solving their disputes through dialogue and negotiation, and promote the situation of South Sudan to resume stability as soon as possible,” Hua said. However, Beijing’s options are limited by its long-standing insistence on non-interference in other countries’ internal affairs.

周日，华春莹表示“外交部和中国驻南苏丹使馆将继续密切关注南苏丹局势发展，力促双方进行和谈”“我们将同有关各方共同努力，推动冲突双方通过对话和谈判解决彼此分歧，促使南苏丹局势尽快恢复稳定”，然而由于长期坚持不干涉他国内政问题，北京方面能做的事情极为有限。

China has made non-interference a keystone of its foreign policy, in part because China would like other nations to accord Beijing the same courtesy. However, as Chinese companies are increasingly global players, China’s non-interference policy may come to clash with other fundamental national interests. Beijing is greatly concerned with ensuring food and energy security — two needs that are tied to foreign supply chains. When the internal unrest of another country, such as the South Sudan, threatens one of these interests, Beijing has tough calculations to make. Does a strict adherence to non-interference outweigh the potential threat to oil supplies? And what about the lives of Chinese citizens in affected areas?

中国以互不干涉为外交政策的基石，部分是因为中国也希望其他国家也能给予中国同样的政策，然而，随着中国公司在全球不断成长，中国的不不干涉政策已经和基本的国家利益有所冲突，北京方面越来越担心食品和能源安全，这两种需求和国外的供给紧紧相连，当其他国家发生动荡时，比如这次的南苏丹，已经威胁到了能源利益，北京方面已经是坚忍，严格坚持互不干涉原则是否比石油供给遭到危机更重要？那么本国人生活方面受到影响又会如何呢？

Already, China has been pushed to mediate between South Sudan and Sudan to ensure oil production continues. When South Sudan shut down oil production, accusing Sudan of stealing oil, China was forced to help resolve the dispute. This time, the conflict is between internal factions within South Sudan. If China were to mediate, it would risk violating the sacrosanct principles of non-interference. This explains Hua’s caveat that China “is promoting negotiation with its own way.” Beijing can’t afford to do nothing, but its hands are tied by its foreign policy principles.、

之前，当南苏丹指控苏丹偷窃石油，南苏丹关闭石油供应时，中国不得不在两国之调停，那次中国是被逼去帮助解决争议，这次，冲突是南苏丹国家内部的纠纷，如果中国出面调停，将面临着扰乱固有的互不干涉原则，这就解释了华春莹为什么警告，中国“力促双方进行和谈”，北京方面决不能什么也不做，但是双手却被外交原则紧紧的束缚着。

As China becomes more globalized, Beijing may be forced to take a more active role to safeguard the lives of its citizens and Chinese business interests. In the coming years, Beijing might have to rethink its foreign policy calculus, especially how it interprets “non-interference.”

随着中国越来越全球化，北京方面可能会被迫在公民和商业利益的安全保障上扮演跟重要的角色，在接下来的几年，北京方面可能不得不重新思考一下外交政策，特别未来将如何重新诠释“互不干涉”。
UN should not committed UN troops from other countries to protect chinese citizens and their assets, UN should just let the chinese take care of themselves. Why should anyone helping the chinese when they mis-treated Tibetans, Ughurs, and other minority groups and greedy claims territorial waters and islands belong to Japan, Korea, Philippines, and Vietnam?

联合国不应该让其他国家的联合国部队去保护中国公民和他们的财产，联合国应该让中国人自理，中国人虐待吐蕃西域和其他少数群体，为什么要帮助中国人，他们还贪婪的认为属于日本韩国菲律宾越南的水域是自己的

Because China is an UN security council member.
Also, I am quite amused about the complete breakdown of South Sudan, a creation of the US backing of seperatists, surviving only like 3 years until it breaks down into blood and feces as it should.
The “democratic, pro-western South Sudan, Free from the oppression of the China-backed North Sudan”, was a failed state the moment it was created.
The USA has lost again. They wanted to cut China off from the oil riches of one major supplier in Africa by supporting this civil war and secessionism – now, their great creation is wrecking themselves with ethnic massacres and complete breakdown of all order.
Where are your “Freedoms” now, dear USA?
North Sudan, still supported by China, is waiting for the chance to strike again and retake their lost terriories. Just a few month and a couple of thousand stupid seperatists more killing each other, and China will give the go and the North will reclaim all the oil.
Then, all South Sudanese will be deported and/or executed, so that seperatism will never happen again.
This will show the world that any attempts of screwing with China’s interests will result in humiliating defeat!

因为中国是安理会成员国，还有，我被南苏丹的突然崩溃逗笑了，由美国支持的分离主义者制造的产物，仅仅存在了3年又开始血战，屎就是屎。
“民主，亲西方的南苏丹，从中国支持的北苏丹的压迫中解放出来”，自从立国以来就是个失败的国家，美国又输了，他们想切断中国和其在非洲的主要产油供应国的联系，无非就是支持内战和分离主义，现在，他们制造的南苏丹又瘫痪了，陷入了种族屠杀和所有秩序的完全崩溃。
现在你所谓的“自由”呢，亲爱的美国？
北苏丹，依然是中国所支持，依然等待时机反击，重夺领土，在等几个月，让那些分离主义的在互相屠杀个几千人，中国就会给口信，北苏丹会重夺所有石油
那时候南苏丹人将被驱除出境或处决，那样分离主义者绝种了
那时候，全世界就知道任何蓄意捣乱损害中国国家利益的人都将接受羞辱性的失败。


           南苏丹：中国进退两难
       China's South Sudan Dilemma


原文地址：thediplomat点com/2013/12/chinas-south-sudan-dilemma/

New waves of violence in South Sudan have worried governments around the world, and Beijing is no exception. Clashes between rebel forces and the South Sudanese government jeopardize the lives of Chinese citizens in the country, as well as throwing into question the future of South Sudan’s vast oil fields.

南苏丹新一波的暴乱事件使得全世界为之担心，北京政府也不例外。叛军与南苏丹政府军的交战让居住在这个国家的中国公民不再安全，南苏丹众多油田的未来前景也被置于疑问中。

Violence began in the South Sudan after President Salva Kiir announced that this his government has prevented a coup attempt by Vice President Riek Machar. Machar denied the accusation and accused Kirr of fabricating an excuse to crack down on opposition. Violence in the capital of Juba is believed to have killed hundreds of people, and the uprisings have spread. Unrest has continued along ethnic lines: Kirr is part of the majority Dinka ethnic group, while Machar is of the Nuer ethnic group.

在总统Kiir宣布政府已镇压了副总统Macher的政变行为后，南苏丹暴乱拉开序幕，副总统否认指控，并且反指控总统编造理由借此取缔反对派，在首都朱巴发生的暴力事件，确信已经造成数百人身亡，暴动开始蔓延，动荡随着民族的不同愈演愈烈，总统Kiir是丁克族，而副总统Machar是努埃尔族

The unrest has already caused at least one international incident. On December 19, a group of armed Nuer youths opened fire on a United Nations base that was providing refuge for Dinka civilians. According to the UN News Center, two UN peacekeepers from India and 20 civilians were killed in the attack. In addition to UN peacekeepers, many foreign oil companies have staff stationed in South Sudan. These foreign civilians could now be caught in the cross-fire. Rebel forces, according to the New York Times, have taken over control of some of South Sudan’s oil fields.

动荡至少已经造成一起国际事故，在12月19日，一股武装的努埃尔人向庇护丁克族人的联合国基地开枪射击，根据联合国新闻中心的消息，在这次袭击中两名印度士兵和二十多平民丧生，除了联合国的维和部队，很多外国石油公司有员工驻扎在南苏丹，这些外国人现在在交战火线上显得引人注目，来自于纽约时报的消息，叛军已经取得了南苏丹部分油田的控制权

In a press conference, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying said that “China strongly condemns the violent action against the UN Mission in South Sudan” although she noted that “Chinese peacekeepers in South Sudan are safe.” She confirmed that the staff members of some Chinese companies in the region are preparing to return to China. “The Chinese Embassy in South Sudan will continue to provide necessary assistance for the Chinese citizens in their evacuation, and it calls on the government of South Sudan to ensure the safety of Chinese citizens and institutions,” Hua said.

在一次新闻发布会上，外交部发言人华春莹说“中国强烈谴责放生在南苏丹针对联合国的暴力行径”他还说“在南苏丹的中国维和部队很安全”，她同时证实，地区内的部分中国公司的员工准备回国。“中国驻南苏丹大使将对他们的撤离提供必要的协助，并且呼吁南苏丹政府保证中国公民和机构的安全”

The violence brings upheaval to a region that many hoped would settle down after years of the bloody civil war that preceded South Sudan’s official split from Sudan. That conflict was a particular headache for China. Beijing had invested heavily in Sudan’s oil industry before the violent civil war resulted in South Sudan’s independence. The founding of South Sudan meant that much of the oil China sought was now located in a different country.

暴乱使这个地区局势剧变，而这里南苏丹刚刚从苏丹正式独立，很多人都希翼着从多年的流血冲突中安定下来，这次冲突对于中国来说显得极为头疼，在战争致使南苏丹独立之前，中国已经在苏丹的石油工业中投下巨资，南苏丹的独立意味着，中国所寻找的石油如今则置身于另外一个完全不同的国家。

China recognized South Sudan in July 2011, shortly after the new country’s founding. Hu Jintao sent acongratulatory message to South Sudan’s new president, saying that “China respects the political system and development path the South Sudanese have chosen.” Hu added, “China also stands ready to establish and develop friendly and cooperative relations with the new nation based on the five principles of peaceful coexistence.” One of the referenced five principles is non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, a principle that will become increasing difficult for China to honor if foreign unrest affects Chinese citizens and business investments.

中国在南苏丹成立后不久的2011年7月承认这个国家，胡给南苏丹的新总统发去贺电，称“中国尊重南苏丹人民选择的政治体系和发展道路”胡还说“中国已经准备好在和平共处五项原则上发展友好合作关系”，在这五项原则其中有一项，就是互不干涉国家内部事务，但如果外国的动荡影响中国公民和商业投资的话，互不干涉这一原则，对中国来说变得越来越难

Many are concerned that the violence will interrupt the country’s oil production, which is a crucial part of South Sudan’s economy. Global Witness estimates that oil revenue makes up 98 percent of South Sudan’s annual budget, making oil production a logical target for rebels. China National Petroleum Company moved Friday to evacuate oil workers to South Sudan’s capital, Juba. About 200 oil workers fled to a United Nations base in Unity State, seeking refuge from the violence. Xinhua notes that South Sudan’s government insists that “oil is flowing normally from the production sites to Sudan’s oil pipeline,” but with rebel action targeting oil fields it’s obvious that continued production is in question.

很多人担心，动乱会影响国家的石油产量，这对于南苏丹的经济至关重要，某机构预计石油占到南苏丹年预算收入的98%，对于叛军来说获得石油输出是不二选择，中石油周五撤离全部员工到南苏丹首都朱巴，大概200名石油工人躲到联合国基地寻求庇护，新华社报道南苏丹坚称“石油还在正常的从产地注入管道”，随着叛军对着油田开始行动，未来石油产量明显是个问题

Beijing already has a lot invested in South Sudan. Since the country’s founding, China has offered the South Sudan government loans and assistance for various development projects, including a September 2013 deal to provide aid to South Sudan’s mining industry. China’s oil companies are also active in the oil-rich state. According to Reuters, CNPC is a major shareholder in two large oil groups operating in South Sudan, Petrodar and the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company. Chinadialogue reports that China consumes over 80 percent of South Sudan’s oil exports. Now, once again, China finds its investments in jeopardy.

北京在南苏丹有巨幅投资，自从这个国家建立之初，中国就提供给南苏丹政府巨量贷款，以及各种发展项目的贷款，包括2013年9月协议援助南苏丹采矿业，中国的石油公司们也开始在这个盛产石油的国度开展行动，根据路透社，中石油是南苏丹两大石油集团Petrodar 和苏丹国家石油公司的主要持股人，Chinadialogue报道说南苏丹80%的石油出口运往中国，现在，再次，中国发现投出去的钱又不安全了

On Monday, Hua noted that “China is greatly concerned with the development of South Sudan’s situation, and is promoting negotiation with its own way.” “We will work with all relevant parties to promote the conflicting sides in solving their disputes through dialogue and negotiation, and promote the situation of South Sudan to resume stability as soon as possible,” Hua said. However, Beijing’s options are limited by its long-standing insistence on non-interference in other countries’ internal affairs.

周日，华春莹表示“外交部和中国驻南苏丹使馆将继续密切关注南苏丹局势发展，力促双方进行和谈”“我们将同有关各方共同努力，推动冲突双方通过对话和谈判解决彼此分歧，促使南苏丹局势尽快恢复稳定”，然而由于长期坚持不干涉他国内政问题，北京方面能做的事情极为有限。

China has made non-interference a keystone of its foreign policy, in part because China would like other nations to accord Beijing the same courtesy. However, as Chinese companies are increasingly global players, China’s non-interference policy may come to clash with other fundamental national interests. Beijing is greatly concerned with ensuring food and energy security — two needs that are tied to foreign supply chains. When the internal unrest of another country, such as the South Sudan, threatens one of these interests, Beijing has tough calculations to make. Does a strict adherence to non-interference outweigh the potential threat to oil supplies? And what about the lives of Chinese citizens in affected areas?

中国以互不干涉为外交政策的基石，部分是因为中国也希望其他国家也能给予中国同样的政策，然而，随着中国公司在全球不断成长，中国的不不干涉政策已经和基本的国家利益有所冲突，北京方面越来越担心食品和能源安全，这两种需求和国外的供给紧紧相连，当其他国家发生动荡时，比如这次的南苏丹，已经威胁到了能源利益，北京方面已经是坚忍，严格坚持互不干涉原则是否比石油供给遭到危机更重要？那么本国人生活方面受到影响又会如何呢？

Already, China has been pushed to mediate between South Sudan and Sudan to ensure oil production continues. When South Sudan shut down oil production, accusing Sudan of stealing oil, China was forced to help resolve the dispute. This time, the conflict is between internal factions within South Sudan. If China were to mediate, it would risk violating the sacrosanct principles of non-interference. This explains Hua’s caveat that China “is promoting negotiation with its own way.” Beijing can’t afford to do nothing, but its hands are tied by its foreign policy principles.、

之前，当南苏丹指控苏丹偷窃石油，南苏丹关闭石油供应时，中国不得不在两国之调停，那次中国是被逼去帮助解决争议，这次，冲突是南苏丹国家内部的纠纷，如果中国出面调停，将面临着扰乱固有的互不干涉原则，这就解释了华春莹为什么警告，中国“力促双方进行和谈”，北京方面决不能什么也不做，但是双手却被外交原则紧紧的束缚着。

As China becomes more globalized, Beijing may be forced to take a more active role to safeguard the lives of its citizens and Chinese business interests. In the coming years, Beijing might have to rethink its foreign policy calculus, especially how it interprets “non-interference.”

随着中国越来越全球化，北京方面可能会被迫在公民和商业利益的安全保障上扮演跟重要的角色，在接下来的几年，北京方面可能不得不重新思考一下外交政策，特别未来将如何重新诠释“互不干涉”。
UN should not committed UN troops from other countries to protect chinese citizens and their assets, UN should just let the chinese take care of themselves. Why should anyone helping the chinese when they mis-treated Tibetans, Ughurs, and other minority groups and greedy claims territorial waters and islands belong to Japan, Korea, Philippines, and Vietnam?

联合国不应该让其他国家的联合国部队去保护中国公民和他们的财产，联合国应该让中国人自理，中国人虐待吐蕃西域和其他少数群体，为什么要帮助中国人，他们还贪婪的认为属于日本韩国菲律宾越南的水域是自己的

Because China is an UN security council member.
Also, I am quite amused about the complete breakdown of South Sudan, a creation of the US backing of seperatists, surviving only like 3 years until it breaks down into blood and feces as it should.
The “democratic, pro-western South Sudan, Free from the oppression of the China-backed North Sudan”, was a failed state the moment it was created.
The USA has lost again. They wanted to cut China off from the oil riches of one major supplier in Africa by supporting this civil war and secessionism – now, their great creation is wrecking themselves with ethnic massacres and complete breakdown of all order.
Where are your “Freedoms” now, dear USA?
North Sudan, still supported by China, is waiting for the chance to strike again and retake their lost terriories. Just a few month and a couple of thousand stupid seperatists more killing each other, and China will give the go and the North will reclaim all the oil.
Then, all South Sudanese will be deported and/or executed, so that seperatism will never happen again.
This will show the world that any attempts of screwing with China’s interests will result in humiliating defeat!

因为中国是安理会成员国，还有，我被南苏丹的突然崩溃逗笑了，由美国支持的分离主义者制造的产物，仅仅存在了3年又开始血战，屎就是屎。
“民主，亲西方的南苏丹，从中国支持的北苏丹的压迫中解放出来”，自从立国以来就是个失败的国家，美国又输了，他们想切断中国和其在非洲的主要产油供应国的联系，无非就是支持内战和分离主义，现在，他们制造的南苏丹又瘫痪了，陷入了种族屠杀和所有秩序的完全崩溃。
现在你所谓的“自由”呢，亲爱的美国？
北苏丹，依然是中国所支持，依然等待时机反击，重夺领土，在等几个月，让那些分离主义的在互相屠杀个几千人，中国就会给口信，北苏丹会重夺所有石油
那时候南苏丹人将被驱除出境或处决，那样分离主义者绝种了
那时候，全世界就知道任何蓄意捣乱损害中国国家利益的人都将接受羞辱性的失败。