【转载】【战略之页】中国12.7毫米狙击步枪获得实战检验

Chinese 12.7mm Sniper Rifles Get Combat Experience
中国12.7毫米狙击步枪获得实战检验

February 20, 2013: Recently reporters came backfrom northern Burma with pictures of tribal rebels using Chinese M99 12.7mmsniper rifles. China denied supporting the Burmese tribal militia (the UWSA orUnited Wa State Army) operating on its border but apparently the Wa have somekind of arrangement with the Chinese government, who allows armed Wa fightersto enter Chinese border towns to do business. The UWSA usually pays for what itneeds, and can afford to do so because of the meth and heroin it produces andsmuggles out (usually via Thailand). Chinese arms dealers have long felt freeto deal with UWSA and that’s apparently where the M99s came from.

2013年2月20日:最近记者从缅甸北部拍摄部落叛军使用中国M99 12.7毫米狙击步枪的照片归来。中国否认支持缅甸部落民兵(佤联军或联合佤邦军)在其边境活动，但显然佤邦与中国政府有某种安排,允许武装佤族战士进入中国边境城镇做生意。佤联军通常买到其所需要的商品,也能够这样做,因为它能生产冰毒和海洛因进行走私(通常是通过泰国)。中国军火贩子与佤联军做生意一直觉得很自由,很明显这就是佤联军M99来自的地方。

The ChineseArmy has only recently begun receiving these weapons. These large calibersniper rifles first appeared from Chinese manufacturers in 1999 when the M99showed up. A few years later the M06 (as an M99 with a few minor changes)appeared. A decade later another version, the QUB09 came along. All three ofthese are bullpup (magazine behind the trigger) designs, and are built by astate owned weapons factory.

中国军队最近才开始接收这些武器。这些来自中国制造商的大口径狙击步枪首次出现在1999年M99展出时。几年后,M06(作为一种做了一些小改动的M99)出现。十年之后另一个版本,QUB09出现。所有这三种狙击枪是无枪托式(弹夹在扳机后)设计,都是由一个国有武器工厂制造。

There aremany other 12.7mm rifles available from Chinese suppliers. For example, theAMR-2 is a more conversional design (magazine in front of the trigger). The M99/M06/QUB09all weigh about 12 kg (26.4 kg), while the AMR-2 is a little lighter at 11 kg(24.2 pounds). The M99 series can be had using 12.7x108mm or 12.7x99mm rounds,while the AMR-2 only handles the 12.7x108mm cartridge.

还有许多其他的12.7毫米步枪可以从中国供应商进货。例如,AMR-2是一种更为变换的设计(弹夹位于扳机之前)。M99/M06/QUB09的全重约12公斤(26.4磅),而AMR-2是一种略轻的11公斤(24.2磅)狙击枪。M99系列可以使用12.7x108mm或12.7 x99mm弹托,而AMR-2只能装填12.7x108mm弹托。

The Chineseconsider all of these models to be anti-vehicle/material rifles. Snipingagainst people is a secondary mission, and the Chinese rifles are not asaccurate at longer ranges (over 1,000 meters) as similar Western models. Mostof these rifles are sold to foreign customers (military, police, privateindividuals and any one with enough cash and a good excuse).

中国考虑把所有这些型号设计为反车辆/器材步枪。对人实行狙击是一个次要的任务,并且中国的步枪与西方类似型号相比在较长(超过1000米)射程上不太精确。大多数这种步枪卖给外国客户(军队、警察、私人和任何一个有足够的现金和一个好借口的人)。

It's onlyrecently that China has begun delivering large numbers of 12.7mm rifles to itsown troops. The problem is that there are a lot of options in this area. And inthe last decade, there has been a lot of development action in large calibersniper rifles. This may be one reason why the Chinese Army has not investedheavily in this weapon.

直到最近,中国已经开始提供大量的12.7毫米步枪装备到自己的军队。问题是,在该领域有很多选项。在过去的十年里,在大口径狙击步枪领域已经进行了很多研发活动。这可能是为什么中国军队没有大量投资于这种武器的一个原因。

For example,when the Barrett company introduced the first .50 caliber (12.7mm) sniper riflein the 1980s, it was not the only company working on the concept. TheSteyr-Mannlicher company, of Austria, was also developing on a large caliber"anti-material" sniper rifle. While Barrett quickly took most of themarket, Steyr continued to work on their weapon. Along the way, they upped thecaliber to 15.2mm, and focused on discarding sabot ammo fired from a smoothborebarrel. The discarding sabot technique was first used with anti-tank guns. Mostmodern 120mm tank guns fire a shell that uses a smaller 25mm"penetrator". The 25mm rod of tungsten (or depleted uranium) issurrounded by a "sabot" that falls away once the shell clears thebarrel. This gives the penetrator higher velocity, and penetrating power. Eachround weighs 139 grams (5.25 ounces) and is 20.4 cm (eight inches) long. TheSteyr 15.2mm delivers a 20 gram (.7 ounce) tungsten "dart" that movesat 1,516 meters (4,700 feet) per second, and can go through 40mm (1.6 inches)of armor at 1,000 meters. This weapon is called the IWS (InfantryWeapon System) 2000, and has a 122cm (48 inch) smoothbore barrel and weighs18.2 kg (40 pounds). It uses a five round box magazine. The weapon breaks downinto two loads, so a two man sniper team can easily carry it. It's a bullpupdesign (with the magazine behind the trigger) that is 168cm (5.6 feet) inlength overall.

例如,当巴雷特公司在1980年代推出了第一款.50口径(12.7毫米)狙击步枪时,它不是唯一一家致力于这个概念的公司。奥地利斯太尔-曼利彻尔公司也在发展一种大口径“反器材”狙击步枪。虽然巴雷特迅速占领大部分的市场,但是斯太尔仍继续研制他们的武器。沿着这条路,他们提高步枪口径为15.2毫米,并专注于从无膛线炮筒发射的脱壳弹药。脱壳技术首次应用于反坦克炮。大多数现代120毫米坦克炮弹药使用一种较小的25毫米“弹芯”。25毫米的钨芯 (或贫铀) 由一个“弹托”环绕，一旦炮弹飞出炮筒弹托就被抛弃脱落。这给弹芯提供了更高的速度和更强的穿透能力。每一个弹壳重139克(5.25盎司),长度为20.4厘米(8英寸)。斯太尔15.2毫米口径步枪以1516米(4700英尺)每秒速度发射20克(0.7盎司)的钨制“箭芯”,并且可以贯穿在1000米外的40毫米(1.6英寸)的装甲。这种武器被称为IWS (步兵武器系统)2000,并配有长122厘米(48英寸)，重18.2公斤(40磅)的无膛线炮筒。它使用一只5发装弹夹。武器可拆分为两部分装载,所以一个两人狙击小组就可以轻松携带它。这是一个全长168厘米(5.6英尺)的无枪托设计(配有的弹夹位于扳机之后)。

Steyr foundthat there was not much of a market for the weapon. The 12.7mm sniper rifleshave about the same sniping performance as the IWS 2000, and Barrett introduceda 25mm rifle back in 2004. However, the dependence on discarding sabot ammoonly may prove interesting. Discarding sabot rounds have been around in infantryweapons for some years. They are available for 7.62mm and 12.7mm weapons, andare interchangeable with standard ammo. The 7.62mm discarding sabot has a5.56mm penetrator, and the 12.7mm round uses a 7.62mm penetrator. However,using a discarding sabot in a rifled weapon does not give you as much speed asa smoothbore. But that's not much of an edge. Then again, it may be enough forthe Steyr 15.2mm rifle to eventually catch on.

斯太尔发现该武器没有太大的市场。作为与IWS2000有大致相同的狙击性能的12.7毫米狙击步枪,巴雷特2004年推出了25毫米步枪。然而,唯一独立研制的脱壳弹药也许显示出引起人注意的兴趣。遍布全球的脱壳穿甲弹在步兵武器中已经存在多年。它们对7.62毫米和12.7毫米武器有用,并且可替换标准的弹药。7.62毫米脱壳穿甲弹有一个5.56毫米的弹芯,而且12.7毫米弹托使用一个7.62毫米弹芯。然而, 在一个有膛线的武器中使用一枚脱壳穿甲弹无法给你提供一个和无膛线枪同样快的速度。但这并不是太大的优势。而且,这可能足够被斯太尔15.2毫米步枪最终赶上。

Thus if youwant a material destruction rifle, special ammo is an area of promise. ButChina is not yet doing anything here. It has also been found that smallerbullets (like the popular 8.6mm) give about the same range as the 12.7mm forsniping, while using a smaller and lighter rifle. Thus it appears that theChinese are waiting for development activity to settle down before investing alot of money in this type of weapon.

因此如果你想要一支反器材步枪，特殊弹药是一个有前途的领域。但中国还没有在这方面做任何东西。有人同样发现较小的子弹(如流行的8.6毫米)与12.7毫米提供了相同的狙击射程,却使用一支更小、更轻的步枪。这样看来, 在大量投资于这种类型的武器之前，中国正在等待研发工作的完成。

Meanwhileexport customers, like the UWSA are eager to take the M99 and use it to blockarmy traffic on the few roads that snake through the hills and forests ofnorthern Burma.

与此同时出口客户,比如佤联军急于获得M99并用它来阻断缅甸北部的一些蜿蜒通过小丘和森林的道路上的政府军交通线。

转载链接：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-143392-1-1.htmlChinese 12.7mm Sniper Rifles Get Combat Experience
中国12.7毫米狙击步枪获得实战检验

February 20, 2013: Recently reporters came backfrom northern Burma with pictures of tribal rebels using Chinese M99 12.7mmsniper rifles. China denied supporting the Burmese tribal militia (the UWSA orUnited Wa State Army) operating on its border but apparently the Wa have somekind of arrangement with the Chinese government, who allows armed Wa fightersto enter Chinese border towns to do business. The UWSA usually pays for what itneeds, and can afford to do so because of the meth and heroin it produces andsmuggles out (usually via Thailand). Chinese arms dealers have long felt freeto deal with UWSA and that’s apparently where the M99s came from.

2013年2月20日:最近记者从缅甸北部拍摄部落叛军使用中国M99 12.7毫米狙击步枪的照片归来。中国否认支持缅甸部落民兵(佤联军或联合佤邦军)在其边境活动，但显然佤邦与中国政府有某种安排,允许武装佤族战士进入中国边境城镇做生意。佤联军通常买到其所需要的商品,也能够这样做,因为它能生产冰毒和海洛因进行走私(通常是通过泰国)。中国军火贩子与佤联军做生意一直觉得很自由,很明显这就是佤联军M99来自的地方。

The ChineseArmy has only recently begun receiving these weapons. These large calibersniper rifles first appeared from Chinese manufacturers in 1999 when the M99showed up. A few years later the M06 (as an M99 with a few minor changes)appeared. A decade later another version, the QUB09 came along. All three ofthese are bullpup (magazine behind the trigger) designs, and are built by astate owned weapons factory.

中国军队最近才开始接收这些武器。这些来自中国制造商的大口径狙击步枪首次出现在1999年M99展出时。几年后,M06(作为一种做了一些小改动的M99)出现。十年之后另一个版本,QUB09出现。所有这三种狙击枪是无枪托式(弹夹在扳机后)设计,都是由一个国有武器工厂制造。

There aremany other 12.7mm rifles available from Chinese suppliers. For example, theAMR-2 is a more conversional design (magazine in front of the trigger). The M99/M06/QUB09all weigh about 12 kg (26.4 kg), while the AMR-2 is a little lighter at 11 kg(24.2 pounds). The M99 series can be had using 12.7x108mm or 12.7x99mm rounds,while the AMR-2 only handles the 12.7x108mm cartridge.

还有许多其他的12.7毫米步枪可以从中国供应商进货。例如,AMR-2是一种更为变换的设计(弹夹位于扳机之前)。M99/M06/QUB09的全重约12公斤(26.4磅),而AMR-2是一种略轻的11公斤(24.2磅)狙击枪。M99系列可以使用12.7x108mm或12.7 x99mm弹托,而AMR-2只能装填12.7x108mm弹托。

The Chineseconsider all of these models to be anti-vehicle/material rifles. Snipingagainst people is a secondary mission, and the Chinese rifles are not asaccurate at longer ranges (over 1,000 meters) as similar Western models. Mostof these rifles are sold to foreign customers (military, police, privateindividuals and any one with enough cash and a good excuse).

中国考虑把所有这些型号设计为反车辆/器材步枪。对人实行狙击是一个次要的任务,并且中国的步枪与西方类似型号相比在较长(超过1000米)射程上不太精确。大多数这种步枪卖给外国客户(军队、警察、私人和任何一个有足够的现金和一个好借口的人)。

It's onlyrecently that China has begun delivering large numbers of 12.7mm rifles to itsown troops. The problem is that there are a lot of options in this area. And inthe last decade, there has been a lot of development action in large calibersniper rifles. This may be one reason why the Chinese Army has not investedheavily in this weapon.

直到最近,中国已经开始提供大量的12.7毫米步枪装备到自己的军队。问题是,在该领域有很多选项。在过去的十年里,在大口径狙击步枪领域已经进行了很多研发活动。这可能是为什么中国军队没有大量投资于这种武器的一个原因。

For example,when the Barrett company introduced the first .50 caliber (12.7mm) sniper riflein the 1980s, it was not the only company working on the concept. TheSteyr-Mannlicher company, of Austria, was also developing on a large caliber"anti-material" sniper rifle. While Barrett quickly took most of themarket, Steyr continued to work on their weapon. Along the way, they upped thecaliber to 15.2mm, and focused on discarding sabot ammo fired from a smoothborebarrel. The discarding sabot technique was first used with anti-tank guns. Mostmodern 120mm tank guns fire a shell that uses a smaller 25mm"penetrator". The 25mm rod of tungsten (or depleted uranium) issurrounded by a "sabot" that falls away once the shell clears thebarrel. This gives the penetrator higher velocity, and penetrating power. Eachround weighs 139 grams (5.25 ounces) and is 20.4 cm (eight inches) long. TheSteyr 15.2mm delivers a 20 gram (.7 ounce) tungsten "dart" that movesat 1,516 meters (4,700 feet) per second, and can go through 40mm (1.6 inches)of armor at 1,000 meters. This weapon is called the IWS (InfantryWeapon System) 2000, and has a 122cm (48 inch) smoothbore barrel and weighs18.2 kg (40 pounds). It uses a five round box magazine. The weapon breaks downinto two loads, so a two man sniper team can easily carry it. It's a bullpupdesign (with the magazine behind the trigger) that is 168cm (5.6 feet) inlength overall.

例如,当巴雷特公司在1980年代推出了第一款.50口径(12.7毫米)狙击步枪时,它不是唯一一家致力于这个概念的公司。奥地利斯太尔-曼利彻尔公司也在发展一种大口径“反器材”狙击步枪。虽然巴雷特迅速占领大部分的市场,但是斯太尔仍继续研制他们的武器。沿着这条路,他们提高步枪口径为15.2毫米,并专注于从无膛线炮筒发射的脱壳弹药。脱壳技术首次应用于反坦克炮。大多数现代120毫米坦克炮弹药使用一种较小的25毫米“弹芯”。25毫米的钨芯 (或贫铀) 由一个“弹托”环绕，一旦炮弹飞出炮筒弹托就被抛弃脱落。这给弹芯提供了更高的速度和更强的穿透能力。每一个弹壳重139克(5.25盎司),长度为20.4厘米(8英寸)。斯太尔15.2毫米口径步枪以1516米(4700英尺)每秒速度发射20克(0.7盎司)的钨制“箭芯”,并且可以贯穿在1000米外的40毫米(1.6英寸)的装甲。这种武器被称为IWS (步兵武器系统)2000,并配有长122厘米(48英寸)，重18.2公斤(40磅)的无膛线炮筒。它使用一只5发装弹夹。武器可拆分为两部分装载,所以一个两人狙击小组就可以轻松携带它。这是一个全长168厘米(5.6英尺)的无枪托设计(配有的弹夹位于扳机之后)。

Steyr foundthat there was not much of a market for the weapon. The 12.7mm sniper rifleshave about the same sniping performance as the IWS 2000, and Barrett introduceda 25mm rifle back in 2004. However, the dependence on discarding sabot ammoonly may prove interesting. Discarding sabot rounds have been around in infantryweapons for some years. They are available for 7.62mm and 12.7mm weapons, andare interchangeable with standard ammo. The 7.62mm discarding sabot has a5.56mm penetrator, and the 12.7mm round uses a 7.62mm penetrator. However,using a discarding sabot in a rifled weapon does not give you as much speed asa smoothbore. But that's not much of an edge. Then again, it may be enough forthe Steyr 15.2mm rifle to eventually catch on.

斯太尔发现该武器没有太大的市场。作为与IWS2000有大致相同的狙击性能的12.7毫米狙击步枪,巴雷特2004年推出了25毫米步枪。然而,唯一独立研制的脱壳弹药也许显示出引起人注意的兴趣。遍布全球的脱壳穿甲弹在步兵武器中已经存在多年。它们对7.62毫米和12.7毫米武器有用,并且可替换标准的弹药。7.62毫米脱壳穿甲弹有一个5.56毫米的弹芯,而且12.7毫米弹托使用一个7.62毫米弹芯。然而, 在一个有膛线的武器中使用一枚脱壳穿甲弹无法给你提供一个和无膛线枪同样快的速度。但这并不是太大的优势。而且,这可能足够被斯太尔15.2毫米步枪最终赶上。

Thus if youwant a material destruction rifle, special ammo is an area of promise. ButChina is not yet doing anything here. It has also been found that smallerbullets (like the popular 8.6mm) give about the same range as the 12.7mm forsniping, while using a smaller and lighter rifle. Thus it appears that theChinese are waiting for development activity to settle down before investing alot of money in this type of weapon.

因此如果你想要一支反器材步枪，特殊弹药是一个有前途的领域。但中国还没有在这方面做任何东西。有人同样发现较小的子弹(如流行的8.6毫米)与12.7毫米提供了相同的狙击射程,却使用一支更小、更轻的步枪。这样看来, 在大量投资于这种类型的武器之前，中国正在等待研发工作的完成。

Meanwhileexport customers, like the UWSA are eager to take the M99 and use it to blockarmy traffic on the few roads that snake through the hills and forests ofnorthern Burma.

与此同时出口客户,比如佤联军急于获得M99并用它来阻断缅甸北部的一些蜿蜒通过小丘和森林的道路上的政府军交通线。

转载链接：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-143392-1-1.html