中国用邮轮运部队和坦克？美国网友吐槽

中国用邮轮运载部队和坦克
China Now Using a Cruise Ship to Haul Troops and Tanks
作者:翻译加工厂 发布日期:2012-09-03 浏览:14492
译文简介:
媒体在中国不成熟的航空母舰和剽窃F系列的歼-20面前受惊并兴奋过度了。但中国最新关于其军事力量的增强是微妙的，同时也很与时俱进。
译文来源:
h t tp:// w ww.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/08/chinacruise/?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter
原创翻译：龙腾网 ht t p://w ww.ltaaa.com 翻译：翻译加工厂 转载请注明出处


正文翻译:



-------------译者：天马行空般思考-------------

The media freaked out about China’s crappy aircraft carrier and hyperventilated over the J-20 stealth fighter. But China’s newest addition to its military is more subtle, and stylish. It’s a 36,000-ton pleasure boat capable of disgorging thousands of troops and hundreds of vehicles held inside its belly.
媒体在中国不成熟的航空母舰和剽窃F系列的歼-20面前受惊并兴奋过度了。但中国最新关于其军事力量的增强是微妙的，同时也很与时俱进。其中那三万六千吨排水量的巨轮能在其腹中吞吐成千上万的军队和数以百计的装甲车。

That would be the Bahai Sea Green Pearl, a 36,000-ton ferry and cruise ship commissioned in August at Yantai Port in China’s northeastern Shandong Province. At heart a vessel for pleasure and civilian transport, the ship is intended to normally ferry cars and passengers across the Yellow Sea. But when needed by the People’s Liberation Army, the Green Pearl can double as a troop carrier. During its launching ceremony and demonstration on Aug. 8, PLA troops could be seen loading dozens of tanks, artillery pieces and armored vehicles on board.
这将是巴哈教徒的碧绿色珍珠，一艘三万六千吨的舰船在中国北方的山东省烟台港口被委任出行。本质上这艘船是为了娱乐和平民运输的，打算运输普通的车辆和乘客穿过黄海。但当解放军需要时，这颗绿色珍珠可以转为运兵船。在八月八日这艘船的下水典礼上，大量的解放军士兵和数量众多的坦克，火炮装甲车出现在甲板上。

-------------译者：loriana777-------------

Photos from Chinese state television posted to the China Defense Blog show some of the action, including what looks like fully loaded soldiers running through a corridor. Tanks and artillery pieces are also seen inside one of the ship’s three vehicle compartments. How they got there: via the ship’s roll-on/roll-off (or ro-ro) ramp on its stern.
中国国防博客刊登了来自央视新闻节目的部分图片，内容包括全副武装的士兵快速经过通道。该舰船拥有三个车辆装载舱，我们能看到其中一个舱房装载着坦克和大炮。它们是通过船尾的滚装坡道运上船的。

China also has three more of the vessels under construction, which Zhang Wei, chief of the PLA’s Military Transportation Department under the PLA General Logistics Department, said is a “new leap in our military use of civilian vessels to improve the strategic projection.” The Green Pearl reportedly has room for more than 2,000 people and 300 cars. It’s even got a helicopter pad.
中国还有三艘类似舰船正在建造之中。解放军总后勤部军事交通运输部部长张伟称之为“为了改进战略规划而利用民用船只进行军事运输的新进展”。据报道，翠珠号可同时容纳2000人和300台汽车。这艘船上甚至备有直升机升降平台。

It’s also got luxury. When the ship isn’t ferrying civilians, China’s troops could take in the pleasure of tall windows for observing “the beautiful scenery of the sea,” reported the Yantai Daily Media Group. Not only that, but rooms — which range from first to third class — are equipped with televisions, cellphone signal amplifiers and wireless internet access. And if the troops get bored in their rooms, there’s always mingling in one of two staterooms and a cafe. There are even rooms set aside for reading and chess. And no cruise ship would be complete without some collective entertainment at a multi-purpose auditorium. If troops are feeling cooped up, they can always go above deck for excursions in the sun.
渤海翠珠号的惊人之处还不仅如此。烟台日报报道，当这艘船不运载平民时，中国军队就能透过高大的船窗欣赏“美丽海景”。并且，一层到三层的船室都配有电视、手机信号放大器和无线网络。如果士兵们在自己房间呆得无聊，他们还可以来到两个船室间的通道里，或者喝杯咖啡。船上甚至有专门的阅览室和象棋室。最后，这艘巡航舰还拥有一个可以进行集体文娱活动的多功能礼堂。如果士兵们不喜欢船舱里的拘束，他们随时都可以登上甲板沐浴阳光。

-------------译者：yyzmjg-------------


Armored vehicles from China’s People’s Liberation Army prepare to board the Green Pearl in August 2012. Photo: CCTV via China Defense Blog
2012年8月 来自中国人民解放军的装甲车准备登上渤海翠珠号 照片：CCTV 来自中国国防博客

However, the Green Pearl is by no means a true amphibious assault ship. There’s no indication of any landing craft, or any ability to launch them. The ship needs a proper dock to gets its heavier equipment onto land. That mostly rules out launching an invasion of troops while sitting (relatively) safely off-shore. Instead, the ship is more accurately called something like an “amphibious augmentation” platform. It can base a helicopter, and it can follow up an amphibious assault with more troops — after a landing site is secure.
然而，渤海翠珠号决不是一艘真正的两栖攻击舰。没有任何迹象显示它有配备和投放登陆艇的能力。这艘船需要一个合适的码头才能让搭载的重型设备上岸。这点基本排除了位于（相对的）沿海地区时突然派出侵略部队的可能性。更准确的来说，这艘船反而应该被称作“加强版水陆两栖”运输平台。它可搭载一架直升机并跟随支援一次登陆突袭战——只要登陆地区是安全的。

It’s also not a new concept. Using civilian ships for double duty is “entirely in keeping with Chinese practices reaching back for centuries,” Jim Holmes, an associate professor of strategy at the Navy War College, tells Danger Room. For Western navies, that practice dated up until the 18th century. And today, the U.S. uses mixed military and commercial ships to refuel at sea, Holmes says.
这也是一项新的理念，利用民用船只执行双重任务，“这正符合中国过去几个世纪以来的实践。”海军战争学院战略部副教授Jim Holmes是这么告诉威胁论研究室的。对西方海军来说，那样的实践可以追溯到十八世纪。今天，美国采用军商两用的混合船只来进行海上补给，Holmes说道。

China has also been building up its fleet of amphibious assault ships, which could be at the front line of an invasion of Taiwan, say. That is, if China could conceivably launch one. But probably not. Since 2008, China has launched four Yuzhao-class, or Type 081 amphibious assault ships. The lead ship was deployed to fight pirates near Somalia. China is also reportedly working on a newer, bigger amphibious ship called the Type 081 .
据说中国也一直在组建自己的两栖攻击舰队，以便在对台湾的入侵中打头阵。当然前提是，中国真能派出一艘的话，但估计这是不可能了。自2008年后，中国已经派出了四艘玉州级也就是081型两栖攻击舰，并部署主舰去打击索马里海盗。还有报道指出中国正研制一种更新型且更大型的081型两栖攻击舰。

-------------译者：loriana777-------------

What’s more likely is using the Green Pearl for “soft power” operations distant from China’s shores. “Beijing seems rather comfortable with the situation in the Taiwan Strait and is clearly looking beyond Taiwan, as it has been for some time now,” Holmes says. “Such a vessel could be a workhorse for any mission involving amphibious operations, meaning humanitarian relief.”
渤海绿珠号更可能用于远离中国海岸的“软实力”军事行动。“一段时间以来，北京似乎相当安于台海局势现状。很明显，它现在的目标不仅局限于台湾了，”Holmes认为：“这样一艘舰船可以执行包括两栖行动、人道主义救援在内的任何使命。”

That could mean delivering aid, transporting doctors and engineers to a country beset by an emergency. And there’s always port calls. That is, making stops in countries friendly to China while carrying a contingent of visiting officers and diplomats on board.
这意味着，它可以向陷入突发事件的国家运送救援物资、医务人员和工程人员。这艘船还能将大批官员和外交官护送到亲华国家进行访问。

And not that China’s new cruise ships of war have any chance of matching the United States’ own massive fleet of commercial transport ships available for military duties. The U.S. has 60 privately owned commercial ships available to be called upon by the Navy under the Department of Transportation’sMaritime Security Program. Most of those are heavy-duty container vessels, but 17 of them are ro-ro ships.
然而，比起美国大规模舰队的商用运输船来，中国的新巡航舰尚相距甚远，前者能够执行军事职责。美国拥有60艘私人商用船，按照运输部的海上安全计划规定，它们须服从海军调遣。其中大多数属于重型集装箱货轮，只有17艘是滚装船。

According to the DoT’s Maritime Administration , the Navy has relied on them to lift troops during the Persian Gulf War, and into Bosnia, Somalia and Kosovo, and has had to rely on those commercial ships even more in recent years to fight the war in Iraq. The United Kingdom famously hauled troops during the Falklands War with the Queen Elizabeth 2.
在海湾、波黑、索马里、科索沃乃至最近的伊拉克战争中，按照运输部海上管理法，海军利用这些船只来调度军队。伊丽莎白二世时期，英国成功地运送了大批军队，从而赢得马岛海战。

In the meantime, let the PLA take in the scenic views and relax to the soothing hum of the Green Pearl‘s engines. Unlike the U.S. and British cruise and ro-ro ships of war, there’s not a huge chance of China’s new pleasureboat invading anyone any time soon.
在此期间，解放军还是好好欣赏海上风光，在翠珠号发动机柔和的嗡嗡声中放松身心吧。不同于美国和英国战时使用的巡航舰与滚装船，如果想要侵袭别国的话，中国的新游船无论何时都难有大展身手之机。

评论翻译:

-------------译者：loriana777-------------

（译者注：对军事术语不大熟悉，烦请指出错漏，不胜感激！）

Mitch Sprague
No no, that's how the Chinese vacation. They line up in squads and march aboard the ship for shuffle board and bingo. When they get to the destination they tour in armoured personnel vehicles.
不不，中国人就是这样度假的。他们列成方阵，齐步走上船去玩沙狐球或宾果游戏。当他们抵达目的地，他们就会去参观那些装甲车的。

MoralDrift reply to Mitch Sprague
actually thats about true
（回楼上）的确如此。


Jeremy Caissie
Really? Western navies used civilian ships as transports "up to the 18th century"? Not in WWI (Olympic, for example) or WWII (Queen Mary)?
西方海军用民用船进行军事运输的历史可以追溯到18世纪，果真如此？而不是一战时（例如奥林匹克号）或者二战时（玛丽王后号）？

CommonSense033 reply to Jeremy Caissie 8 Likes
Or our own SS United States, built with torpedo banding. Both Queens served in WWII as troopships, and the French Line's Normandie would have if she hadn't caught fire and tipped over while being refitted and stripped of finery. Shhh. Wired would have to start doing research instead of just slapping the keyboard in their SF hipster office. Can't have that.
（回楼上）我们自己的合众国号邮轮也同样用于军事用途，它自带鱼雷。玛丽王后号和伊丽莎白王后号二战时被改成运兵船服役。要不是在改装途中突然着火并倾覆的话，法国的诺曼底号本来也是要改成运兵船的。嘘……Wired网站应该多做调查研究再发话，而不是只坐在时髦的办公室里随手敲敲键盘。真受不了。


Guest
That ain't a cruise ship or ferry, that's a RoRo Ship, as in Roll-on/roll-off ships, which are used to transport automobiles. Jesus fucking Christ, it seems the Danger Room hires only dumbass turd faces these days.
那艘船既不是巡航舰也不是渡船，那是滚装船，即“滚上滚下”船，用来运输汽车。去他的耶稣基督，这个栏目最近干嘛老雇些蠢货写稿子啊。
（注：奥林匹克号邮轮（R.M.S. Olympic)（1911—1934），隶属于英国白星航运公司。奥林匹克号是白星公司奥林匹克级邮轮中的首舰，也是泰坦尼克号的姐妹舰。一战时被改造成战舰服役。奥林匹克号船首安装了一门12磅炮，船尾安装了2门4.7英寸炮，成为英国皇家海军T2810号运兵船。1934年被拆毁； 皇家邮轮玛丽王后号（RMS Queen Mary）和伊丽莎白王后号（RMS Queen Elizabeth）隶属于英国的卡纳德轮船公司，是第二次世界大战前欧洲上流社会歌舞升平的奢华生活达到顶峰时的产物。两艘邮船在战争期间因为快速、运兵量大成为所有英国船舰中对战争贡献最突出的船。伊丽莎白王后号一共运送了75万名乘客，航行50万海里。玛丽王后号运送了差不多同样多的士兵来到英国，航行约60万海里。总计运送超过160万以上部队到达世界各地，其中搭载乘客最多的一次是从美国运来了15988名士兵。丘吉尔评价说，由于两艘王后号邮船的卓越表现，运送了大量的人力和物力资源到欧洲战场，因此使得战争得以提前一年结束；合众国号邮轮（SS United States），又称“Big U”。二战之后，由于铁幕在欧洲落下，以及朝鲜战争的爆发，美国政府也决定鼓励美国的船运公司建造大型邮船，以便在冷战演变成热战的时候，能够象二战中英国那两艘著名的“王后”级豪华邮船一样充当快速运兵船使用。合众国号功率达24万马力，巡航航速35节，最高航速达43节，战时可以一次搭载15000名士兵。由于喷气式客机的出现，大型邮船在战后的命运已经很明显。冷战没有演变成美苏之间的热战（除了1962年古巴导弹危机，那次事件中合众国号已经准备改装工作了）。合众国号却在不断地给它的船主——合众国海运公司赔钱。1969年，合众国号退出航线运营。1999年，合众国号邮船作为美国国家历史遗产登记注册；诺曼底号游轮（S.S. Normandie），隶属于法国CGT（跨大西洋海运公司），由圣纳泽尔的Penhoet船厂建造，1932年下水。直到70余年后的今天，诺曼底号仍被国际客船界评价为历史上最大、最漂亮、最豪华的邮船。1940年6月，法国战败求和。美国宣布羁押当时停靠在纽约港的诺曼底号。1941年12月7日，日本空袭珍珠港，美国参战。诺曼底号被美国海军征用。美国海军将其改名为拉法耶特号，准备作为运兵船使用，1942年2月9日在改装过程中意外起火烧毁并倾覆在哈得逊河中。1946年10月，造价6000万美元的诺曼底号船壳以16万美元价格出售给新泽西州一家拆船公司。）

BK553 reply to Guest 4 Likes
"Auto transport" (PPCs) ships don't have accommodations for 2,000 people and an auditorium, jackass. It's called a cruiseferry, and it's one type of RoRo, of which there are many. You're just as wrong as he is.
（回楼上）“自动运输”船容纳不了2000人也没有礼堂，笨蛋。它叫做巡航渡船，是许多种滚装船中的一种。你真是五十步笑百步。


John
I like thow they launched Type 081 class ships, but they are also working on a new ship, called the Type 081.
lol
文中提到玉洲级（081型）已经下水使用；又说他们还在建造新船，称为081型。
大笑
（注：玉洲级是071型，文章作者可能弄错了）


CommonSense033
The WWI battle between the armed Cunard "Carmania" and the German "Cap Trafalgar" demonstrated that ocean liners are not warships.
Troop transports, sure, as long as you don't mind it pulling a Costa Concordia while loaded with troops at the first small-arms-fire hit. There's not even redundant power systems, and the smallest fire in the switching room can leave a modern liner drifting and helpless...and in recent years, has.
一战中，卡纳德公司的武装邮轮“卡马尼亚号”和德国的“特拉法加角号”之间发生的海战说明，即使自带武装，但远洋大客轮终究不是军舰。
运输军队……好吧，如果你不介意在第一轮小型交火后它就像歌诗达协和号那样沉没的话。商用船只甚至没有备用能源系统，即使控制室只遭到最小规模袭击，整艘现代客轮也会彻底熄火，在海上无助漂泊的……近年来这种事并不鲜见。

m12345 reply to CommonSense033
Im in 2 minds about a passenger vessel as flimsy as this being used. The concept is fine if and only if you have secured the transit route. Clearly subs have been removed from their equation....
（回楼上）我不知道乘客舱舱壁设计得这么轻薄到底是福是祸。这种设计理念只有在确保航线安全的前提下才有价值，而且必须远离潜艇……


Joe Loiacono
More targets for Taiwanese anti-shipping missiles.
Seriously i doubt these ships are even armed.
给台湾人的反舰导弹制造了更多目标。
老实说，我怀疑这些船连武装都没有。
（注：歌诗达协和号于2012年1月13日（13号星期五）在意大利海岸部分沉没。当时该船有4232名乘客，其中至少有30人死亡，包括4名乘客和一名船员。歌诗达协和号灾难中船长安全生还。1月15日，船长谢蒂诺和大副以疏忽、误杀和在乘客完全疏散前就弃船等罪名被逮捕。）

Jared Woody reply to Joe Loiacono
Unlikely that they are, considering the civilian use of the vessel. Likely the best weapons it has would be man portable weapons, Stinger-type SAMs for close-in air protection, and .50 cal machine guns for seaborne defense. It may have been built with some limited anti-submarine/anti-torpedo defenses installed, but they are unlikely to be of any type that could be used offensively.
I should say that it is POSSIBLE the ship could be retrofitted in a hurry for other defensive weapons, like Oerlikons if the wiring was pre-installed along with hard-points. However, it would rely on full-time PLAN ships escorting it for the majority of it's defense.
（回楼上）不太可能全副武装，它还有民事用途的。上面最好的武器大概是便携式武器、用于低空防御的俄制SA-16型地空导弹和用于海上运输防卫的12.7mm机枪（0.5英寸口径）。它也许具有有限的反潜艇/反鱼雷能力，但无力主动出击。
应该指出，中国有可能迅速对这艘船进行改进，使它能拥有别的防御武器——如果预先铺设线路和结构加固点，就可以安装对空速射炮。但是，只有在全天候护卫舰的护送下，翠珠号的大部分自卫功能才能正常发挥。
（注：俄制SA-16型地空导弹，俄罗斯命名为“针-1”（Igla-1），代号“9K310”。SA-16防空导弹由依热夫斯基机械厂研制，是一种便携式近程低空防空导弹系统，主要用于对付低空、超低空飞机和悬停的直升机，是SA-18的简化版本，是“针”系列便携式防空导弹的基本型。）

MoralDriftreply to Jared Woody
its a terrible idea .this hulking ship could never be used in combat
（回楼上）糟透了。这艘大笨船永远不可能用于战争。

Jared Woody reply to MoralDrift
I agree, this is definitely not a combat ship by any means, although there's plenty of military ships in the United States that are not armed or outfitted for a fight any better than this one. The difference is we are unchallenged on the seas, so we don't really need to worry about it, and our Navy is large enough to serve escort duty if we ever did need to worry.
（回楼上）同意，怎么看它也不够格。许多美国军舰没有荷枪实弹也没有进行战争用途的改造，但也比这艘好到哪儿去了。区别是，我们在海上所向披靡，高枕无忧；就算真有什么事，我们也有足够的海军护卫舰。


PeteEllis
Playing at amphibious war, how cute. They do know that we have torpedoes that can be dropped into the ocean hundreds of miles away that can hunt these ships down , don't they?
两栖作战……真是装腔作势啊。他们肯定不知道鱼雷的厉害，我们在数百英里开外就能发射鱼雷击沉这些船，太天真了。

-------------译者：monkbobby-------------

m12345 reply to PeteEllis
Torpedos work if they "hit" their target.
The range of a torpedo is irrelevant, one could be conceivably be built and launched 15000 kilometers away. Hyper-sonic or whatever the hell tech they are working on at the moment for missiles that hit in 5 minutes is where its at today.
..Yes first strike would be based on targets not changing course every 3 minutes....... I bet you when they set there course it stays on that course.... If you wish to prevent American super-missiles hitting your vessel change course every 3 minutes slightly whilst on the course youve set. Okay job done (lots of small ships....better turning circles.), a new war time course zig zag will be inputted into fleets. Geez was that so hard. If i can think of it, China possibly has...actually they probably havent, but i am sure russians have.
Most war machines have about 1000 large missiles before they run out, take cruise missiles, they ran out of them in the Iraq war. More these days.... But a big war is going to be about how long you can last. How many decoys you have to use up enemy resources
Now let me jump to the American side...destroy China now. Find something they have like Rare Earth metals (sic) and Go to war over it. Hell im sure they have oil in them there hills.
鱼雷“撞”中目标就能发挥作用。（注：意指即使不爆炸也行。）
鱼雷的射程是不重要的，理论上鱼雷可以在15000公里以外建造及发射。他们现在为火箭研究的超音速或其他鬼技术以便导弹能在5分钟内击中目标，这种技术跟现在没什么两样。
……不错，第一波打击是设想3分钟内目标不会改变航线……我打赌，一旦航线已确定他们就会按航线走……如果你想防止美国的超级导弹击中你的船，那就每隔3分钟稍为变一下航道。好，就是这样（很多小船……小船更容易转弯），舰队在战时就走“之”字型的航线。天，这有什么难的。如果我都能想出来，中国早该想到了……不过，他们也有可能没想到，不过我肯定俄国人肯定能想到。
大多数战争机器都有大概1000枚大型导弹，比如说巡航导弹，在伊拉克战争就全部打光了。现在可能造了更多……不过大型战争比拼的是持久力。拼的是你有多少假目标去耗掉敌人的资源。
现在我要站在美国这一边来说……马上摧毁中国。找一些他们有的东西，比如稀土（碳化硅），然后找个借口跟他们开战。嘛的，我肯定他们的山里藏有石油。（注：意指石油也可以成为开战的借口）

James G Hogue
Before I get concerned about this they will need 499 more. Please set up an alert when they get that many.
他们要再造499艘我才会关心一下。等他们造了那么多再警报吧。
  

1Mojo_Risin9
The perfect vessel to disembark troops and tanks on the island of Taiwan!!!
往台湾岛运送部队和坦克的最佳舰船！！！


-------------译者：loriana777-------------

xsp3ctrex
Even better, sink them all with some leftover hyper-sonic torpedoes. See if their tanks and APCs can float! People are always saying, how the Chinese have more people and more resources - yet the United States has some of the most advanced weapons in the world, and plenty of weight to throw around. Plus, the Chinese are most likely infected with a Gauss or Flame, and as such we could just spoof their shipping coordinates into Taiwan.
这样更好，搞些超音速鱼雷把它们统统打沉吧。看看那些坦克和装甲车会不会游泳！人们老说中国人多资源多，但是美国拥有世界上最先进的武器和压制性的影响力啊。而且，中国更容易被高斯病毒或者火焰病毒感染，这样我们可以控制他们的船舶定位系统，把船骗到台湾去。
（注：Gauss是出现在中东地区的一个新的网络间谍软件，根据卡巴斯基实验室的描述，该病毒可以窃取浏览器保存的密码、网银账户、Cookies和系统配置信息等敏感数据。此外，Gauss似乎和Stuxnet（超级工厂）病毒来自同一个国家，而Stuxnet病毒和最复杂病毒Flame关联紧密。卡巴斯基实验室没有就“高斯”的幕后主使作出推测，仅断定“高斯”与先前入侵中东地区国家电脑系统的多个病毒“同宗”。技术人员说，“高斯”和“火焰”病毒由同一个程序平台搭建，代码类似，程序语言相同且能够凭借类似手法感染没有连接互联网的电脑，应该出自同一开发者之手。）

Alejandro Renteria reply to xsp3ctrex
The United States has never fielded a hyper-sonic torpedo, you are thinking of Russia.
（回楼上）美国还没研制出超音速鱼雷呢，你说的是俄罗斯吧。
（注：可能指“暴风雪”鱼雷（或称“急风”），重为 2.7 吨,直径 533 毫米 ，长度 8.2 米。俄罗斯生产。由普通的鱼雷发射管发射，水中航速为 100 米 / 秒（约200 节或200海里/小时）。近乎小型飞机的速度。是目前世界上最快的鱼雷。）


Jared Woody
True, the only supercavitating torpedo that saw wide deployment was the VA-111 Shkval out of the USSR, however, there have been attempts to create more modern versions, but they are not cost-effective.
Realistically, the US doesn't need to worry about these ships anyway, as they would be easily sank from any level, air, sea, subsurface without a terrible degree of difficulty; the only problem would be an escort.
确实，苏制VA-111 Shkval（注：俄语:шквал - 急风）是唯一被广泛部署的超音速鱼雷。俄罗斯人已经尝试开发更先进的版本了，但这种鱼雷性价比太低。
其实对美国而言，这些中国船根本不足为惧，无论从空中、海上还是水下，都可以轻而易举地击沉它们，不必大费周折。唯一的麻烦是那些护卫舰。中国用邮轮运载部队和坦克
China Now Using a Cruise Ship to Haul Troops and Tanks
作者:翻译加工厂 发布日期:2012-09-03 浏览:14492
译文简介:
媒体在中国不成熟的航空母舰和剽窃F系列的歼-20面前受惊并兴奋过度了。但中国最新关于其军事力量的增强是微妙的，同时也很与时俱进。
译文来源:
h t tp:// w ww.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/08/chinacruise/?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter
原创翻译：龙腾网 ht t p://w ww.ltaaa.com 翻译：翻译加工厂 转载请注明出处


正文翻译:



-------------译者：天马行空般思考-------------

The media freaked out about China’s crappy aircraft carrier and hyperventilated over the J-20 stealth fighter. But China’s newest addition to its military is more subtle, and stylish. It’s a 36,000-ton pleasure boat capable of disgorging thousands of troops and hundreds of vehicles held inside its belly.
媒体在中国不成熟的航空母舰和剽窃F系列的歼-20面前受惊并兴奋过度了。但中国最新关于其军事力量的增强是微妙的，同时也很与时俱进。其中那三万六千吨排水量的巨轮能在其腹中吞吐成千上万的军队和数以百计的装甲车。

That would be the Bahai Sea Green Pearl, a 36,000-ton ferry and cruise ship commissioned in August at Yantai Port in China’s northeastern Shandong Province. At heart a vessel for pleasure and civilian transport, the ship is intended to normally ferry cars and passengers across the Yellow Sea. But when needed by the People’s Liberation Army, the Green Pearl can double as a troop carrier. During its launching ceremony and demonstration on Aug. 8, PLA troops could be seen loading dozens of tanks, artillery pieces and armored vehicles on board.
这将是巴哈教徒的碧绿色珍珠，一艘三万六千吨的舰船在中国北方的山东省烟台港口被委任出行。本质上这艘船是为了娱乐和平民运输的，打算运输普通的车辆和乘客穿过黄海。但当解放军需要时，这颗绿色珍珠可以转为运兵船。在八月八日这艘船的下水典礼上，大量的解放军士兵和数量众多的坦克，火炮装甲车出现在甲板上。

-------------译者：loriana777-------------

Photos from Chinese state television posted to the China Defense Blog show some of the action, including what looks like fully loaded soldiers running through a corridor. Tanks and artillery pieces are also seen inside one of the ship’s three vehicle compartments. How they got there: via the ship’s roll-on/roll-off (or ro-ro) ramp on its stern.
中国国防博客刊登了来自央视新闻节目的部分图片，内容包括全副武装的士兵快速经过通道。该舰船拥有三个车辆装载舱，我们能看到其中一个舱房装载着坦克和大炮。它们是通过船尾的滚装坡道运上船的。

China also has three more of the vessels under construction, which Zhang Wei, chief of the PLA’s Military Transportation Department under the PLA General Logistics Department, said is a “new leap in our military use of civilian vessels to improve the strategic projection.” The Green Pearl reportedly has room for more than 2,000 people and 300 cars. It’s even got a helicopter pad.
中国还有三艘类似舰船正在建造之中。解放军总后勤部军事交通运输部部长张伟称之为“为了改进战略规划而利用民用船只进行军事运输的新进展”。据报道，翠珠号可同时容纳2000人和300台汽车。这艘船上甚至备有直升机升降平台。

It’s also got luxury. When the ship isn’t ferrying civilians, China’s troops could take in the pleasure of tall windows for observing “the beautiful scenery of the sea,” reported the Yantai Daily Media Group. Not only that, but rooms — which range from first to third class — are equipped with televisions, cellphone signal amplifiers and wireless internet access. And if the troops get bored in their rooms, there’s always mingling in one of two staterooms and a cafe. There are even rooms set aside for reading and chess. And no cruise ship would be complete without some collective entertainment at a multi-purpose auditorium. If troops are feeling cooped up, they can always go above deck for excursions in the sun.
渤海翠珠号的惊人之处还不仅如此。烟台日报报道，当这艘船不运载平民时，中国军队就能透过高大的船窗欣赏“美丽海景”。并且，一层到三层的船室都配有电视、手机信号放大器和无线网络。如果士兵们在自己房间呆得无聊，他们还可以来到两个船室间的通道里，或者喝杯咖啡。船上甚至有专门的阅览室和象棋室。最后，这艘巡航舰还拥有一个可以进行集体文娱活动的多功能礼堂。如果士兵们不喜欢船舱里的拘束，他们随时都可以登上甲板沐浴阳光。

-------------译者：yyzmjg-------------


Armored vehicles from China’s People’s Liberation Army prepare to board the Green Pearl in August 2012. Photo: CCTV via China Defense Blog
2012年8月 来自中国人民解放军的装甲车准备登上渤海翠珠号 照片：CCTV 来自中国国防博客

However, the Green Pearl is by no means a true amphibious assault ship. There’s no indication of any landing craft, or any ability to launch them. The ship needs a proper dock to gets its heavier equipment onto land. That mostly rules out launching an invasion of troops while sitting (relatively) safely off-shore. Instead, the ship is more accurately called something like an “amphibious augmentation” platform. It can base a helicopter, and it can follow up an amphibious assault with more troops — after a landing site is secure.
然而，渤海翠珠号决不是一艘真正的两栖攻击舰。没有任何迹象显示它有配备和投放登陆艇的能力。这艘船需要一个合适的码头才能让搭载的重型设备上岸。这点基本排除了位于（相对的）沿海地区时突然派出侵略部队的可能性。更准确的来说，这艘船反而应该被称作“加强版水陆两栖”运输平台。它可搭载一架直升机并跟随支援一次登陆突袭战——只要登陆地区是安全的。

It’s also not a new concept. Using civilian ships for double duty is “entirely in keeping with Chinese practices reaching back for centuries,” Jim Holmes, an associate professor of strategy at the Navy War College, tells Danger Room. For Western navies, that practice dated up until the 18th century. And today, the U.S. uses mixed military and commercial ships to refuel at sea, Holmes says.
这也是一项新的理念，利用民用船只执行双重任务，“这正符合中国过去几个世纪以来的实践。”海军战争学院战略部副教授Jim Holmes是这么告诉威胁论研究室的。对西方海军来说，那样的实践可以追溯到十八世纪。今天，美国采用军商两用的混合船只来进行海上补给，Holmes说道。

China has also been building up its fleet of amphibious assault ships, which could be at the front line of an invasion of Taiwan, say. That is, if China could conceivably launch one. But probably not. Since 2008, China has launched four Yuzhao-class, or Type 081 amphibious assault ships. The lead ship was deployed to fight pirates near Somalia. China is also reportedly working on a newer, bigger amphibious ship called the Type 081 .
据说中国也一直在组建自己的两栖攻击舰队，以便在对台湾的入侵中打头阵。当然前提是，中国真能派出一艘的话，但估计这是不可能了。自2008年后，中国已经派出了四艘玉州级也就是081型两栖攻击舰，并部署主舰去打击索马里海盗。还有报道指出中国正研制一种更新型且更大型的081型两栖攻击舰。

-------------译者：loriana777-------------

What’s more likely is using the Green Pearl for “soft power” operations distant from China’s shores. “Beijing seems rather comfortable with the situation in the Taiwan Strait and is clearly looking beyond Taiwan, as it has been for some time now,” Holmes says. “Such a vessel could be a workhorse for any mission involving amphibious operations, meaning humanitarian relief.”
渤海绿珠号更可能用于远离中国海岸的“软实力”军事行动。“一段时间以来，北京似乎相当安于台海局势现状。很明显，它现在的目标不仅局限于台湾了，”Holmes认为：“这样一艘舰船可以执行包括两栖行动、人道主义救援在内的任何使命。”

That could mean delivering aid, transporting doctors and engineers to a country beset by an emergency. And there’s always port calls. That is, making stops in countries friendly to China while carrying a contingent of visiting officers and diplomats on board.
这意味着，它可以向陷入突发事件的国家运送救援物资、医务人员和工程人员。这艘船还能将大批官员和外交官护送到亲华国家进行访问。

And not that China’s new cruise ships of war have any chance of matching the United States’ own massive fleet of commercial transport ships available for military duties. The U.S. has 60 privately owned commercial ships available to be called upon by the Navy under the Department of Transportation’sMaritime Security Program. Most of those are heavy-duty container vessels, but 17 of them are ro-ro ships.
然而，比起美国大规模舰队的商用运输船来，中国的新巡航舰尚相距甚远，前者能够执行军事职责。美国拥有60艘私人商用船，按照运输部的海上安全计划规定，它们须服从海军调遣。其中大多数属于重型集装箱货轮，只有17艘是滚装船。

According to the DoT’s Maritime Administration , the Navy has relied on them to lift troops during the Persian Gulf War, and into Bosnia, Somalia and Kosovo, and has had to rely on those commercial ships even more in recent years to fight the war in Iraq. The United Kingdom famously hauled troops during the Falklands War with the Queen Elizabeth 2.
在海湾、波黑、索马里、科索沃乃至最近的伊拉克战争中，按照运输部海上管理法，海军利用这些船只来调度军队。伊丽莎白二世时期，英国成功地运送了大批军队，从而赢得马岛海战。

In the meantime, let the PLA take in the scenic views and relax to the soothing hum of the Green Pearl‘s engines. Unlike the U.S. and British cruise and ro-ro ships of war, there’s not a huge chance of China’s new pleasureboat invading anyone any time soon.
在此期间，解放军还是好好欣赏海上风光，在翠珠号发动机柔和的嗡嗡声中放松身心吧。不同于美国和英国战时使用的巡航舰与滚装船，如果想要侵袭别国的话，中国的新游船无论何时都难有大展身手之机。

评论翻译:

-------------译者：loriana777-------------

（译者注：对军事术语不大熟悉，烦请指出错漏，不胜感激！）

Mitch Sprague
No no, that's how the Chinese vacation. They line up in squads and march aboard the ship for shuffle board and bingo. When they get to the destination they tour in armoured personnel vehicles.
不不，中国人就是这样度假的。他们列成方阵，齐步走上船去玩沙狐球或宾果游戏。当他们抵达目的地，他们就会去参观那些装甲车的。

MoralDrift reply to Mitch Sprague
actually thats about true
（回楼上）的确如此。


Jeremy Caissie
Really? Western navies used civilian ships as transports "up to the 18th century"? Not in WWI (Olympic, for example) or WWII (Queen Mary)?
西方海军用民用船进行军事运输的历史可以追溯到18世纪，果真如此？而不是一战时（例如奥林匹克号）或者二战时（玛丽王后号）？

CommonSense033 reply to Jeremy Caissie 8 Likes
Or our own SS United States, built with torpedo banding. Both Queens served in WWII as troopships, and the French Line's Normandie would have if she hadn't caught fire and tipped over while being refitted and stripped of finery. Shhh. Wired would have to start doing research instead of just slapping the keyboard in their SF hipster office. Can't have that.
（回楼上）我们自己的合众国号邮轮也同样用于军事用途，它自带鱼雷。玛丽王后号和伊丽莎白王后号二战时被改成运兵船服役。要不是在改装途中突然着火并倾覆的话，法国的诺曼底号本来也是要改成运兵船的。嘘……Wired网站应该多做调查研究再发话，而不是只坐在时髦的办公室里随手敲敲键盘。真受不了。


Guest
That ain't a cruise ship or ferry, that's a RoRo Ship, as in Roll-on/roll-off ships, which are used to transport automobiles. Jesus fucking Christ, it seems the Danger Room hires only dumbass turd faces these days.
那艘船既不是巡航舰也不是渡船，那是滚装船，即“滚上滚下”船，用来运输汽车。去他的耶稣基督，这个栏目最近干嘛老雇些蠢货写稿子啊。
（注：奥林匹克号邮轮（R.M.S. Olympic)（1911—1934），隶属于英国白星航运公司。奥林匹克号是白星公司奥林匹克级邮轮中的首舰，也是泰坦尼克号的姐妹舰。一战时被改造成战舰服役。奥林匹克号船首安装了一门12磅炮，船尾安装了2门4.7英寸炮，成为英国皇家海军T2810号运兵船。1934年被拆毁； 皇家邮轮玛丽王后号（RMS Queen Mary）和伊丽莎白王后号（RMS Queen Elizabeth）隶属于英国的卡纳德轮船公司，是第二次世界大战前欧洲上流社会歌舞升平的奢华生活达到顶峰时的产物。两艘邮船在战争期间因为快速、运兵量大成为所有英国船舰中对战争贡献最突出的船。伊丽莎白王后号一共运送了75万名乘客，航行50万海里。玛丽王后号运送了差不多同样多的士兵来到英国，航行约60万海里。总计运送超过160万以上部队到达世界各地，其中搭载乘客最多的一次是从美国运来了15988名士兵。丘吉尔评价说，由于两艘王后号邮船的卓越表现，运送了大量的人力和物力资源到欧洲战场，因此使得战争得以提前一年结束；合众国号邮轮（SS United States），又称“Big U”。二战之后，由于铁幕在欧洲落下，以及朝鲜战争的爆发，美国政府也决定鼓励美国的船运公司建造大型邮船，以便在冷战演变成热战的时候，能够象二战中英国那两艘著名的“王后”级豪华邮船一样充当快速运兵船使用。合众国号功率达24万马力，巡航航速35节，最高航速达43节，战时可以一次搭载15000名士兵。由于喷气式客机的出现，大型邮船在战后的命运已经很明显。冷战没有演变成美苏之间的热战（除了1962年古巴导弹危机，那次事件中合众国号已经准备改装工作了）。合众国号却在不断地给它的船主——合众国海运公司赔钱。1969年，合众国号退出航线运营。1999年，合众国号邮船作为美国国家历史遗产登记注册；诺曼底号游轮（S.S. Normandie），隶属于法国CGT（跨大西洋海运公司），由圣纳泽尔的Penhoet船厂建造，1932年下水。直到70余年后的今天，诺曼底号仍被国际客船界评价为历史上最大、最漂亮、最豪华的邮船。1940年6月，法国战败求和。美国宣布羁押当时停靠在纽约港的诺曼底号。1941年12月7日，日本空袭珍珠港，美国参战。诺曼底号被美国海军征用。美国海军将其改名为拉法耶特号，准备作为运兵船使用，1942年2月9日在改装过程中意外起火烧毁并倾覆在哈得逊河中。1946年10月，造价6000万美元的诺曼底号船壳以16万美元价格出售给新泽西州一家拆船公司。）

BK553 reply to Guest 4 Likes
"Auto transport" (PPCs) ships don't have accommodations for 2,000 people and an auditorium, jackass. It's called a cruiseferry, and it's one type of RoRo, of which there are many. You're just as wrong as he is.
（回楼上）“自动运输”船容纳不了2000人也没有礼堂，笨蛋。它叫做巡航渡船，是许多种滚装船中的一种。你真是五十步笑百步。


John
I like thow they launched Type 081 class ships, but they are also working on a new ship, called the Type 081.
lol
文中提到玉洲级（081型）已经下水使用；又说他们还在建造新船，称为081型。
大笑
（注：玉洲级是071型，文章作者可能弄错了）


CommonSense033
The WWI battle between the armed Cunard "Carmania" and the German "Cap Trafalgar" demonstrated that ocean liners are not warships.
Troop transports, sure, as long as you don't mind it pulling a Costa Concordia while loaded with troops at the first small-arms-fire hit. There's not even redundant power systems, and the smallest fire in the switching room can leave a modern liner drifting and helpless...and in recent years, has.
一战中，卡纳德公司的武装邮轮“卡马尼亚号”和德国的“特拉法加角号”之间发生的海战说明，即使自带武装，但远洋大客轮终究不是军舰。
运输军队……好吧，如果你不介意在第一轮小型交火后它就像歌诗达协和号那样沉没的话。商用船只甚至没有备用能源系统，即使控制室只遭到最小规模袭击，整艘现代客轮也会彻底熄火，在海上无助漂泊的……近年来这种事并不鲜见。

m12345 reply to CommonSense033
Im in 2 minds about a passenger vessel as flimsy as this being used. The concept is fine if and only if you have secured the transit route. Clearly subs have been removed from their equation....
（回楼上）我不知道乘客舱舱壁设计得这么轻薄到底是福是祸。这种设计理念只有在确保航线安全的前提下才有价值，而且必须远离潜艇……


Joe Loiacono
More targets for Taiwanese anti-shipping missiles.
Seriously i doubt these ships are even armed.
给台湾人的反舰导弹制造了更多目标。
老实说，我怀疑这些船连武装都没有。
（注：歌诗达协和号于2012年1月13日（13号星期五）在意大利海岸部分沉没。当时该船有4232名乘客，其中至少有30人死亡，包括4名乘客和一名船员。歌诗达协和号灾难中船长安全生还。1月15日，船长谢蒂诺和大副以疏忽、误杀和在乘客完全疏散前就弃船等罪名被逮捕。）

Jared Woody reply to Joe Loiacono
Unlikely that they are, considering the civilian use of the vessel. Likely the best weapons it has would be man portable weapons, Stinger-type SAMs for close-in air protection, and .50 cal machine guns for seaborne defense. It may have been built with some limited anti-submarine/anti-torpedo defenses installed, but they are unlikely to be of any type that could be used offensively.
I should say that it is POSSIBLE the ship could be retrofitted in a hurry for other defensive weapons, like Oerlikons if the wiring was pre-installed along with hard-points. However, it would rely on full-time PLAN ships escorting it for the majority of it's defense.
（回楼上）不太可能全副武装，它还有民事用途的。上面最好的武器大概是便携式武器、用于低空防御的俄制SA-16型地空导弹和用于海上运输防卫的12.7mm机枪（0.5英寸口径）。它也许具有有限的反潜艇/反鱼雷能力，但无力主动出击。
应该指出，中国有可能迅速对这艘船进行改进，使它能拥有别的防御武器——如果预先铺设线路和结构加固点，就可以安装对空速射炮。但是，只有在全天候护卫舰的护送下，翠珠号的大部分自卫功能才能正常发挥。
（注：俄制SA-16型地空导弹，俄罗斯命名为“针-1”（Igla-1），代号“9K310”。SA-16防空导弹由依热夫斯基机械厂研制，是一种便携式近程低空防空导弹系统，主要用于对付低空、超低空飞机和悬停的直升机，是SA-18的简化版本，是“针”系列便携式防空导弹的基本型。）

MoralDriftreply to Jared Woody
its a terrible idea .this hulking ship could never be used in combat
（回楼上）糟透了。这艘大笨船永远不可能用于战争。

Jared Woody reply to MoralDrift
I agree, this is definitely not a combat ship by any means, although there's plenty of military ships in the United States that are not armed or outfitted for a fight any better than this one. The difference is we are unchallenged on the seas, so we don't really need to worry about it, and our Navy is large enough to serve escort duty if we ever did need to worry.
（回楼上）同意，怎么看它也不够格。许多美国军舰没有荷枪实弹也没有进行战争用途的改造，但也比这艘好到哪儿去了。区别是，我们在海上所向披靡，高枕无忧；就算真有什么事，我们也有足够的海军护卫舰。


PeteEllis
Playing at amphibious war, how cute. They do know that we have torpedoes that can be dropped into the ocean hundreds of miles away that can hunt these ships down , don't they?
两栖作战……真是装腔作势啊。他们肯定不知道鱼雷的厉害，我们在数百英里开外就能发射鱼雷击沉这些船，太天真了。

-------------译者：monkbobby-------------

m12345 reply to PeteEllis
Torpedos work if they "hit" their target.
The range of a torpedo is irrelevant, one could be conceivably be built and launched 15000 kilometers away. Hyper-sonic or whatever the hell tech they are working on at the moment for missiles that hit in 5 minutes is where its at today.
..Yes first strike would be based on targets not changing course every 3 minutes....... I bet you when they set there course it stays on that course.... If you wish to prevent American super-missiles hitting your vessel change course every 3 minutes slightly whilst on the course youve set. Okay job done (lots of small ships....better turning circles.), a new war time course zig zag will be inputted into fleets. Geez was that so hard. If i can think of it, China possibly has...actually they probably havent, but i am sure russians have.
Most war machines have about 1000 large missiles before they run out, take cruise missiles, they ran out of them in the Iraq war. More these days.... But a big war is going to be about how long you can last. How many decoys you have to use up enemy resources
Now let me jump to the American side...destroy China now. Find something they have like Rare Earth metals (sic) and Go to war over it. Hell im sure they have oil in them there hills.
鱼雷“撞”中目标就能发挥作用。（注：意指即使不爆炸也行。）
鱼雷的射程是不重要的，理论上鱼雷可以在15000公里以外建造及发射。他们现在为火箭研究的超音速或其他鬼技术以便导弹能在5分钟内击中目标，这种技术跟现在没什么两样。
……不错，第一波打击是设想3分钟内目标不会改变航线……我打赌，一旦航线已确定他们就会按航线走……如果你想防止美国的超级导弹击中你的船，那就每隔3分钟稍为变一下航道。好，就是这样（很多小船……小船更容易转弯），舰队在战时就走“之”字型的航线。天，这有什么难的。如果我都能想出来，中国早该想到了……不过，他们也有可能没想到，不过我肯定俄国人肯定能想到。
大多数战争机器都有大概1000枚大型导弹，比如说巡航导弹，在伊拉克战争就全部打光了。现在可能造了更多……不过大型战争比拼的是持久力。拼的是你有多少假目标去耗掉敌人的资源。
现在我要站在美国这一边来说……马上摧毁中国。找一些他们有的东西，比如稀土（碳化硅），然后找个借口跟他们开战。嘛的，我肯定他们的山里藏有石油。（注：意指石油也可以成为开战的借口）

James G Hogue
Before I get concerned about this they will need 499 more. Please set up an alert when they get that many.
他们要再造499艘我才会关心一下。等他们造了那么多再警报吧。
  

1Mojo_Risin9
The perfect vessel to disembark troops and tanks on the island of Taiwan!!!
往台湾岛运送部队和坦克的最佳舰船！！！


-------------译者：loriana777-------------

xsp3ctrex
Even better, sink them all with some leftover hyper-sonic torpedoes. See if their tanks and APCs can float! People are always saying, how the Chinese have more people and more resources - yet the United States has some of the most advanced weapons in the world, and plenty of weight to throw around. Plus, the Chinese are most likely infected with a Gauss or Flame, and as such we could just spoof their shipping coordinates into Taiwan.
这样更好，搞些超音速鱼雷把它们统统打沉吧。看看那些坦克和装甲车会不会游泳！人们老说中国人多资源多，但是美国拥有世界上最先进的武器和压制性的影响力啊。而且，中国更容易被高斯病毒或者火焰病毒感染，这样我们可以控制他们的船舶定位系统，把船骗到台湾去。
（注：Gauss是出现在中东地区的一个新的网络间谍软件，根据卡巴斯基实验室的描述，该病毒可以窃取浏览器保存的密码、网银账户、Cookies和系统配置信息等敏感数据。此外，Gauss似乎和Stuxnet（超级工厂）病毒来自同一个国家，而Stuxnet病毒和最复杂病毒Flame关联紧密。卡巴斯基实验室没有就“高斯”的幕后主使作出推测，仅断定“高斯”与先前入侵中东地区国家电脑系统的多个病毒“同宗”。技术人员说，“高斯”和“火焰”病毒由同一个程序平台搭建，代码类似，程序语言相同且能够凭借类似手法感染没有连接互联网的电脑，应该出自同一开发者之手。）

Alejandro Renteria reply to xsp3ctrex
The United States has never fielded a hyper-sonic torpedo, you are thinking of Russia.
（回楼上）美国还没研制出超音速鱼雷呢，你说的是俄罗斯吧。
（注：可能指“暴风雪”鱼雷（或称“急风”），重为 2.7 吨,直径 533 毫米 ，长度 8.2 米。俄罗斯生产。由普通的鱼雷发射管发射，水中航速为 100 米 / 秒（约200 节或200海里/小时）。近乎小型飞机的速度。是目前世界上最快的鱼雷。）


Jared Woody
True, the only supercavitating torpedo that saw wide deployment was the VA-111 Shkval out of the USSR, however, there have been attempts to create more modern versions, but they are not cost-effective.
Realistically, the US doesn't need to worry about these ships anyway, as they would be easily sank from any level, air, sea, subsurface without a terrible degree of difficulty; the only problem would be an escort.
确实，苏制VA-111 Shkval（注：俄语:шквал - 急风）是唯一被广泛部署的超音速鱼雷。俄罗斯人已经尝试开发更先进的版本了，但这种鱼雷性价比太低。
其实对美国而言，这些中国船根本不足为惧，无论从空中、海上还是水下，都可以轻而易举地击沉它们，不必大费周折。唯一的麻烦是那些护卫舰。