超级军网美军F/A-18战机成功完成无人操纵着舰测试（转自东方网）
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/27 23:48:34
据美国《海军时报》9月12日刊文称，F/A-18D“大黄蜂”战机成功在航母上进行无人操纵着陆是无人飞行发展迈出的重要一步，但是这并不意味着海军飞行员的终结。
文章称，人们对“大黄蜂”进行了改进，以便它能够模仿格鲁曼公司的X-47B无人战斗系统，具备自主飞行能力。为此，飞机和航母装载了专门的软件和设备；这样可以使航母对飞机进行精确的指挥，以便能够让飞机更好的进行舰上着陆。飞机在7月2日就位之后，航母上的一位操作员采用了计算机监控系统事先编好的方法。飞机自动触到了航母的飞行甲板，之后尾钩挂住了拦阻索。此次，着陆及随后采用其他方式进行的着陆当天被反复练习。
除了采用新技术，它与之前的飞机一模一样。分析专家称，尽管无人机可以用于执行多种不同的任务；有些任务只能由有飞行员驾驶的飞机来完成，但是这一情况将会发生重大变化。
一旦无人机能够进行空中加油(海军还未尝试过)，许多有人驾驶飞机可能面临退役的命运。在执行一些任务方面，舰载无人机拥有极大的优势。例如，如果舰队注意到中国在太平洋的活动增加，它们将会有很大的用途；因为这里的任务所需时间比其它地方都长。《无人空中战斗系统：一种新的舰载机》的作者诺曼-弗里德曼表示，大量的无人机和自主飞行将可用于侦察和空中加油。这些任务往往需要持续数个小时，且过程单调枯燥。他认为，“它们可能会燃料耗尽或损坏，但它们的表现仍然超过飞行员。”
此外，无人机对财政支出也有一定的影响。它就像能够回收的巡航导弹，如果你这样想，你会在需要它的时候才让它执行任务。你可以减少燃料的使用，可以减少飞机、驾驶员和飞机零件的数量。自主飞行飞机对飞行训练的需求大大减少，这意味着会降低燃料、维护、后期和人员的使用。弗里德曼估计，它能够较以前的飞行节约66%的消耗，从而降低航母运行的成本。然而，飞机本身的成本与有人驾驶战机一样。
佛里德曼表示，“如果我们把财政花费在制造飞机上，而非飞机维护和长时间飞行及飞行人员上，就可以节省大量的开支。”此外，不需要弹射座椅可以节省一部分资金，其他飞机上的系统仍然需要保留。
然而，分析专家表示，尽管自主飞行飞机和无人机一直在不断发展，海军还没有裁减飞行员的计划。X-47B项目经理在七月的一次电视会议上称，“这甚至不是海军的一个目标，海军的目标是实现无人系统和舰队的无缝融合。”分析专家则表示，受过良好训练的飞行员永远不可或缺。
弗里德曼表示，“总有需要人去解决问题的时候；当事情变的不妙时，你需要有人去做出判断。”《世界战舰》的主编埃里克认为，无人机具有一定的脆弱性，而飞行员驾驶飞机时则不会出现这样的担心。他表示，“这凸显了网络战的重要性，无论是在进攻方面，还是在进行防御的时候。当我们考虑或讨论无人设备的使用时，无论是空中、海上还是水下，你可以感知我们的敌人正在关注这点，所以我们需要能够应对这些挑战。”
原文转自：东方网>>军事频道>>滚动新闻>>正文
据美国《海军时报》9月12日刊文称，F/A-18D“大黄蜂”战机成功在航母上进行无人操纵着陆是无人飞行发展迈出的重要一步，但是这并不意味着海军飞行员的终结。
文章称，人们对“大黄蜂”进行了改进，以便它能够模仿格鲁曼公司的X-47B无人战斗系统，具备自主飞行能力。为此，飞机和航母装载了专门的软件和设备；这样可以使航母对飞机进行精确的指挥，以便能够让飞机更好的进行舰上着陆。飞机在7月2日就位之后，航母上的一位操作员采用了计算机监控系统事先编好的方法。飞机自动触到了航母的飞行甲板，之后尾钩挂住了拦阻索。此次，着陆及随后采用其他方式进行的着陆当天被反复练习。
除了采用新技术，它与之前的飞机一模一样。分析专家称，尽管无人机可以用于执行多种不同的任务；有些任务只能由有飞行员驾驶的飞机来完成，但是这一情况将会发生重大变化。
一旦无人机能够进行空中加油(海军还未尝试过)，许多有人驾驶飞机可能面临退役的命运。在执行一些任务方面，舰载无人机拥有极大的优势。例如，如果舰队注意到中国在太平洋的活动增加，它们将会有很大的用途；因为这里的任务所需时间比其它地方都长。《无人空中战斗系统：一种新的舰载机》的作者诺曼-弗里德曼表示，大量的无人机和自主飞行将可用于侦察和空中加油。这些任务往往需要持续数个小时，且过程单调枯燥。他认为，“它们可能会燃料耗尽或损坏，但它们的表现仍然超过飞行员。”
此外，无人机对财政支出也有一定的影响。它就像能够回收的巡航导弹，如果你这样想，你会在需要它的时候才让它执行任务。你可以减少燃料的使用，可以减少飞机、驾驶员和飞机零件的数量。自主飞行飞机对飞行训练的需求大大减少，这意味着会降低燃料、维护、后期和人员的使用。弗里德曼估计，它能够较以前的飞行节约66%的消耗，从而降低航母运行的成本。然而，飞机本身的成本与有人驾驶战机一样。
佛里德曼表示，“如果我们把财政花费在制造飞机上，而非飞机维护和长时间飞行及飞行人员上，就可以节省大量的开支。”此外，不需要弹射座椅可以节省一部分资金，其他飞机上的系统仍然需要保留。
然而，分析专家表示，尽管自主飞行飞机和无人机一直在不断发展，海军还没有裁减飞行员的计划。X-47B项目经理在七月的一次电视会议上称，“这甚至不是海军的一个目标，海军的目标是实现无人系统和舰队的无缝融合。”分析专家则表示，受过良好训练的飞行员永远不可或缺。
弗里德曼表示，“总有需要人去解决问题的时候；当事情变的不妙时，你需要有人去做出判断。”《世界战舰》的主编埃里克认为，无人机具有一定的脆弱性，而飞行员驾驶飞机时则不会出现这样的担心。他表示，“这凸显了网络战的重要性，无论是在进攻方面，还是在进行防御的时候。当我们考虑或讨论无人设备的使用时，无论是空中、海上还是水下，你可以感知我们的敌人正在关注这点，所以我们需要能够应对这些挑战。”
原文转自：东方网>>军事频道>>滚动新闻>>正文
《无人空中战斗系统：一种新的舰载机》的作者诺曼-弗里德曼表示，大量的无人机和自主飞行将可用于侦察和空中加油。这些任务往往需要持续数个小时，且过程单调枯燥。他认为，“它们可能会燃料耗尽或损坏，但它们的表现仍然超过飞行员。”
大佬又有新作了。
大佬又有新作了。
的确是趋势，要跟上步伐；
个人认为不需要复杂操作的运输机应该首先无人驾驶，尤其货机。
个人认为不需要复杂操作的运输机应该首先无人驾驶，尤其货机。
搞研发也不忘了黑兔子下
那种精度应该可以降低舰载机为了着舰而强化的结构重量吧
恩 是呀 就看兔子山寨了，这个软件的辅助技术，对航母的作战能力有很大的提高，到时候不能夜航的飞行员都能更好的上战场了，提高了航母的出动效率。。
ok_lunker 发表于 2011-9-15 12:48 ![]()
搞研发也不忘了黑兔子下
X47B就是冲着兔子來的
搞研发也不忘了黑兔子下
X47B就是冲着兔子來的
langge945 发表于 2011-9-15 14:47 ![]()
恩 是呀 就看兔子山寨了，这个软件的辅助技术，对航母的作战能力有很大的提高，到时候不能夜航的飞行员都能 ...
需要GPS作为基础的，用的是差分GPS技术(DGPS)，据称精度可达到0.3米
恩 是呀 就看兔子山寨了，这个软件的辅助技术，对航母的作战能力有很大的提高，到时候不能夜航的飞行员都能 ...
需要GPS作为基础的，用的是差分GPS技术(DGPS)，据称精度可达到0.3米
笑脸男人 发表于 2011-9-15 15:32 ![]()
需要GPS作为基础的，用的是差分GPS技术(DGPS)，据称精度可达到0.3米
降落不需要 到时候航母上需求对准上面的参考设备就行了。。
需要GPS作为基础的，用的是差分GPS技术(DGPS)，据称精度可达到0.3米
降落不需要 到时候航母上需求对准上面的参考设备就行了。。
langge945 发表于 2011-9-15 15:35 ![]()
降落不需要 到时候航母上需求对准上面的参考设备就行了。。
就是降落时候用的，怎么會不需要
降落不需要 到时候航母上需求对准上面的参考设备就行了。。
就是降落时候用的，怎么會不需要
笑脸男人 发表于 2011-9-15 15:41 ![]()
就是降落时候用的，怎么會不需要
修正的时候 就是修正航母上的降落路线。。
就是降落时候用的，怎么會不需要
修正的时候 就是修正航母上的降落路线。。
langge945 发表于 2011-9-15 15:43 ![]()
修正的时候 就是修正航母上的降落路线。。
那不就是降落时候嘛
http://lt.cjdby.net/thread-1197025-1-1.html
修正的时候 就是修正航母上的降落路线。。
那不就是降落时候嘛
http://lt.cjdby.net/thread-1197025-1-1.html
笑脸男人 发表于 2011-9-15 15:32
需要GPS作为基础的，用的是差分GPS技术(DGPS)，据称精度可达到0.3米
这个用不到GPS，直接以航母本身为参照的坐标系，用航母发射的定相无线电信号就行…
差分GPS需要精确位置已知的基站，海上移动的舰队怎么搞？
笑脸男人 发表于 2011-9-15 15:32
需要GPS作为基础的，用的是差分GPS技术(DGPS)，据称精度可达到0.3米
这个用不到GPS，直接以航母本身为参照的坐标系，用航母发射的定相无线电信号就行…
差分GPS需要精确位置已知的基站，海上移动的舰队怎么搞？
这个东西还真是降落全程都用GPS。和传统民航的那个ILS还不一样。
一共两部分组成，航母上一套系统主要用于计算gps误差纠正需要的数据，然后用VHS发给飞机。飞机上的那套系统接受到误差纠正数据，然后修正自己接收到的gps数据。最后就是使得飞机可以高精度的gps定位，垂直方向上误差小于0.3米。
GPS数据修正的原理也很简单，航母上固定布置几个gps接收器，他们之间的相对位置可以精确的测量。然后再与gps测量的相互位置进行比对，得到差异数据。这个差异数据经过一个公式的转换变成最后的误差数据传给飞机。
那个公式估计老美研究了一阵子了。
这个东西还真是降落全程都用GPS。和传统民航的那个ILS还不一样。
一共两部分组成，航母上一套系统主要用于计算gps误差纠正需要的数据，然后用VHS发给飞机。飞机上的那套系统接受到误差纠正数据，然后修正自己接收到的gps数据。最后就是使得飞机可以高精度的gps定位，垂直方向上误差小于0.3米。
GPS数据修正的原理也很简单，航母上固定布置几个gps接收器，他们之间的相对位置可以精确的测量。然后再与gps测量的相互位置进行比对，得到差异数据。这个差异数据经过一个公式的转换变成最后的误差数据传给飞机。
那个公式估计老美研究了一阵子了。
这个很强大
我们没有经验，没办法。
艾迪要面世了么
天网越来越近了
{:soso__5725525896824177281_2:}无人的空中加油试验去年就成功了...
这对有人驾驶飞机都是巨大的帮助，飞行员在高强度作战之后，在恶劣海况的夜晚在航母上降落，有自动驾驶的辅助会方便很多，心理上得负担也会小很多。
用GPS行，不用GPS也行!
112jiayihai 发表于 2011-9-15 20:45 ![]()
用GPS行，不用GPS也行!
用GPS主要是为了降低航母的电磁辐射，之前的自动降落系统容易被电子战系统发现定位
用GPS行，不用GPS也行!
用GPS主要是为了降低航母的电磁辐射，之前的自动降落系统容易被电子战系统发现定位
无人机空战就要来临！
无人空战神马的还早，不过这对MD航母上那一堆不能夜间着舰的飞行员是好事，极大的提高了战斗力。。。。
土鳖快点跟上，不要掉队！
这是翻译的美海军分析文章，原来的文章在此：
Analysts say UAV progress won’t kill aviation
（http://www.navytimes.com/news/2011/09/navy-analysts-say-uav-progress-wont-kill-aviation-091211/）
By Joshua Stewart - Staff writer
Posted : Monday Sep 12, 2011 8:19:04 EDT
－－
When an F/A-18D Hornet made a “hands-free” landing on the carrier Dwight D. Eisenhower in July, it was a big step for unmanned flight, but not the beginning of the end of naval aviation, analysts say.
The Hornet was modified to “emulate” Northrop Grumman’s X-47B unmanned air combat system, allowing it to mimic its autonomous flight capabilities.
The aircraft and ship were outfitted with special software and equipment that allowed the carrier to give precise directions, allowing for the precision maneuvers required for a carrier landing.
After the aircraft got into position July 2, an operator on the carrier selected a pre-programmed approach on a computer monitor. The plane automatically touched down on Ike’s flight deck, and the tailhook snagged the arresting cable. The landing and several other approaches were repeated throughout the day.
Besides the new technology, it looked exactly the same as any other flight.
While unmanned planes will allow for different types of missions, there are still feats only pilots can master that will keep people busy in cockpits, analysts said. But there will be significant changes.
Once unmanned aircraft have mastered midair refueling — a task the Navy hasn’t attempted yet — a new set of capabilities will sit in the hangar.
“Pound for pound, you’re going to get a longer range and more payload on an [unmanned aerial vehicle] compared to a command aircraft, and that’s going to be important in the years ahead,” said Nate Hughes, director of military analysis for Stratfor, a global intelligence company. “These days, the human in the cockpit is the limiting factor.”
There are certain jobs where carrier-based unmanned aircraft will have an advantage. For example, Hughes said, they’ll be useful if the fleet sees an increase in operations involving China in the Pacific, where missions tend to take longer than elsewhere.
The bulk of unmanned and autonomous flights will be for surveillance, reconnaissance and tanking purposes — missions that can last for several monotonous hours, said Norman Friedman, author of “Unmanned Combat Air Systems: A New Kind of Carrier Aviation.”
“Eventually they run out of oil pressure or something breaks, but it will outlast a pilot,” he said.
There are financial implications, too.
“It’s a cruise missile you can retrieve. If you think of it that way, you only fly it when you need it. You cut down on your gas, your numbers, your manning and your spares,” he said.
Savings vs. capabilities
Autonomous flight means that costs associated with training flights, including fuel, maintenance, logistics and payroll, will be reduced. By Friedman’s estimates, it could create as much as 66 percent in aviation-related savings, making carriers a more fiscally attractive ship.
However, the aircraft itself likely will cost the same as a manned fighter, he said.
“If I spend most of my dough on the airframes and not on the maintenance and flying all the time and stuff, I save a lot of money,” he said.
Additionally, there are per-unit savings created by the lack of ejection seats, life support and other systems aviators need to do their job, Hughes said.
But analysts said that no matter the advances in autonomous and unmanned flight, the Navy has no plans to send aviators packing.
“That’s not even a goal. The Navy’s goal is to seamlessly integrate unmanned systems into the fleet,” said Capt. Jaime Engdahl, X-47B program manager, in a July teleconference.
There will always be a need for well-trained pilots, analysts said.
“There are times when you really want a person there, so when something goes sour, you have judgment. You want probably a few manned fighters,” Friedman said.
And unmanned flight brings a new set of vulnerabilities that a pilot doesn’t have to worry about, said Eric Wertheim, editor of Combat Fleets of the World.
“This highlights the importance of cyberwarfare — both offensive and defensive — whenever we think or talk about the employment of unmanned vehicles, whether in the air, on sea, land or under the oceans. You can bet our potential adversaries are looking into this, so we need to be able to meet this challenge,” he said.
The Navy has contended with this problem with the MQ-8B Fire Scout. In one test at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Md., the data link between the unmanned helicopter and ground controllers went down, essentially leaving the UAV without an operator as it soared into restricted airspace over Washington, D.C., before a connection and control were re-established.
A Pentagon report released in June said that the data link problems with the Fire Scout were so common that they made it impractical to use the UAV for some types of missions, a claim the Navy and developer dispute based on more recent flights.
Finding the right mix
Autonomous aircraft are built around manned systems, with no special accommodations for equipment, protocols or handling while onboard the carrier.
The big unknown, analysts said, is how much of a presence such aircraft should have in the fleet.
“The question is, what is the balance moving forward in the carrier air wing? And that’s going to be as much as a budget and institutional decision as it will be about what the UAVs bring to the table,” Hughes said.
That balance will depend, in part, on the politics of aviation and fiscal demands.
“Somebody once said that UAVs don’t sit on promotion boards. Their point is that there’s certainly broad agreement that there’s value in unmanned systems, that’s undeniable at this point,” Hughes said. “But you have fiscal austerity, and you have pilots who are long-standing aviators.”
Analysts say UAV progress won’t kill aviation
（http://www.navytimes.com/news/2011/09/navy-analysts-say-uav-progress-wont-kill-aviation-091211/）
By Joshua Stewart - Staff writer
Posted : Monday Sep 12, 2011 8:19:04 EDT
－－
When an F/A-18D Hornet made a “hands-free” landing on the carrier Dwight D. Eisenhower in July, it was a big step for unmanned flight, but not the beginning of the end of naval aviation, analysts say.
The Hornet was modified to “emulate” Northrop Grumman’s X-47B unmanned air combat system, allowing it to mimic its autonomous flight capabilities.
The aircraft and ship were outfitted with special software and equipment that allowed the carrier to give precise directions, allowing for the precision maneuvers required for a carrier landing.
After the aircraft got into position July 2, an operator on the carrier selected a pre-programmed approach on a computer monitor. The plane automatically touched down on Ike’s flight deck, and the tailhook snagged the arresting cable. The landing and several other approaches were repeated throughout the day.
Besides the new technology, it looked exactly the same as any other flight.
While unmanned planes will allow for different types of missions, there are still feats only pilots can master that will keep people busy in cockpits, analysts said. But there will be significant changes.
Once unmanned aircraft have mastered midair refueling — a task the Navy hasn’t attempted yet — a new set of capabilities will sit in the hangar.
“Pound for pound, you’re going to get a longer range and more payload on an [unmanned aerial vehicle] compared to a command aircraft, and that’s going to be important in the years ahead,” said Nate Hughes, director of military analysis for Stratfor, a global intelligence company. “These days, the human in the cockpit is the limiting factor.”
There are certain jobs where carrier-based unmanned aircraft will have an advantage. For example, Hughes said, they’ll be useful if the fleet sees an increase in operations involving China in the Pacific, where missions tend to take longer than elsewhere.
The bulk of unmanned and autonomous flights will be for surveillance, reconnaissance and tanking purposes — missions that can last for several monotonous hours, said Norman Friedman, author of “Unmanned Combat Air Systems: A New Kind of Carrier Aviation.”
“Eventually they run out of oil pressure or something breaks, but it will outlast a pilot,” he said.
There are financial implications, too.
“It’s a cruise missile you can retrieve. If you think of it that way, you only fly it when you need it. You cut down on your gas, your numbers, your manning and your spares,” he said.
Savings vs. capabilities
Autonomous flight means that costs associated with training flights, including fuel, maintenance, logistics and payroll, will be reduced. By Friedman’s estimates, it could create as much as 66 percent in aviation-related savings, making carriers a more fiscally attractive ship.
However, the aircraft itself likely will cost the same as a manned fighter, he said.
“If I spend most of my dough on the airframes and not on the maintenance and flying all the time and stuff, I save a lot of money,” he said.
Additionally, there are per-unit savings created by the lack of ejection seats, life support and other systems aviators need to do their job, Hughes said.
But analysts said that no matter the advances in autonomous and unmanned flight, the Navy has no plans to send aviators packing.
“That’s not even a goal. The Navy’s goal is to seamlessly integrate unmanned systems into the fleet,” said Capt. Jaime Engdahl, X-47B program manager, in a July teleconference.
There will always be a need for well-trained pilots, analysts said.
“There are times when you really want a person there, so when something goes sour, you have judgment. You want probably a few manned fighters,” Friedman said.
And unmanned flight brings a new set of vulnerabilities that a pilot doesn’t have to worry about, said Eric Wertheim, editor of Combat Fleets of the World.
“This highlights the importance of cyberwarfare — both offensive and defensive — whenever we think or talk about the employment of unmanned vehicles, whether in the air, on sea, land or under the oceans. You can bet our potential adversaries are looking into this, so we need to be able to meet this challenge,” he said.
The Navy has contended with this problem with the MQ-8B Fire Scout. In one test at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Md., the data link between the unmanned helicopter and ground controllers went down, essentially leaving the UAV without an operator as it soared into restricted airspace over Washington, D.C., before a connection and control were re-established.
A Pentagon report released in June said that the data link problems with the Fire Scout were so common that they made it impractical to use the UAV for some types of missions, a claim the Navy and developer dispute based on more recent flights.
Finding the right mix
Autonomous aircraft are built around manned systems, with no special accommodations for equipment, protocols or handling while onboard the carrier.
The big unknown, analysts said, is how much of a presence such aircraft should have in the fleet.
“The question is, what is the balance moving forward in the carrier air wing? And that’s going to be as much as a budget and institutional decision as it will be about what the UAVs bring to the table,” Hughes said.
That balance will depend, in part, on the politics of aviation and fiscal demands.
“Somebody once said that UAVs don’t sit on promotion boards. Their point is that there’s certainly broad agreement that there’s value in unmanned systems, that’s undeniable at this point,” Hughes said. “But you have fiscal austerity, and you have pilots who are long-standing aviators.”
NN的，美帝的技术和意识确实超前。 
ericcui1 发表于 2011-9-15 16:05 ![]()
这个用不到GPS，直接以航母本身为参照的坐标系，用航母发射的定相无线电信号就行…
差分GPS需要精确位 ...
http://fazhan.sbsm.gov.cn/articl ... 0090900056499.shtml
这个用不到GPS，直接以航母本身为参照的坐标系，用航母发射的定相无线电信号就行…
差分GPS需要精确位 ...
http://fazhan.sbsm.gov.cn/articl ... 0090900056499.shtml