[0328]《华盛顿时报》在与中国竞争全球影响力中，美国对 ...

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原文地址：
http://www.washingtonpost.com/as-america-competes-with-china-for-global-influence-us-foreign-aid-programs-face-budget-ax/2011/03/25/AFLKU1TB_story.html

As America competes with China for global influence, US foreign aid programs face budget ax
By Associated Press, Friday, March 25, 3:40 AM
在与中国竞争全球影响力中，美国对外援助面临大幅消减
美联社２０１１年３月２５日

WASHINGTON — U.S. efforts to counter China’s growing influence in the developing world are a likely casualty of the budget battles dominating Washington’s politics, as chunks of the foreign aid program face the ax.
That could hurt not just the world’s poor, but America’s reach in emerging markets where China has ramped up investment and provided easy credit.
华盛顿：在华盛顿政治的预算大战中，对抗中国在发展中国家迅速增长影响力所需的对外援助项目可能面临大幅削减。
消减不仅将伤害世界上的穷人，而且由于中国在新兴市场投资迅速提升和宽松的信贷，这也将影响美国在这些地区的机遇【？】。

The Obama administration has sought to step up its engagement in Asia, the Pacific, Africa, Central Asia and Latin America. Development aid is a key plank of its strategy. The State Department argues it is “as central to advancing America’s interests as diplomacy and defense.”
奥巴马政府希望在亚洲，太平洋地区，非洲，中亚和拉丁美洲提高影响力。发展援助是达成这个策略的关键，美国国务院将其称为“推进美国民主和国防利益的中心手段”。

But that aid, like all federal spending, is under pressure as lawmakers debate how to reel in the government’s deficit, forecast at $1.5 trillion this year. Much of the red ink is financed by China.
但这项１５０亿美元的援助，如同其他的所有联邦预算一样，面临立法机构消减政府赤字的压力。这些赤字的大部分资金来至中国。


“Since World War II, the world has looked to the United States for leadership in poverty reduction,” said Sarah Jane Staats of the Washington-based Center for Global Development. “It’s not clear in the current environment whether the U.S. will be able to do that.”
“自二战以来，世界把美国看做是消减贫困的领导力量。”华盛顿全球发展中心的Sarah Jane Staats说，“但现在的情况下，我们不知道美国是否还能够这样做。”

Even funds allotted for emergency humanitarian aid — the kind that burnished U.S. standing after the 2004 tsunami in Indonesia — could be slashed.
甚至一些应付突发性人道援助的款项，它们在２００４年印尼海啸中为美国赢得了耀眼表现，也可能被消减。

The Republican-led House voted last month to cut federal spending by $60 billion for the budget year ending in September in a bill that would have hit foreign aid particularly hard — cutting disaster assistance by 49 percent. Funds for international financial institutions like the World Bank would have been cut by 44 percent and aid to refugees by 39 percent.
上个月，共和党主导的国会在对９月到期的预算拨款投票中，通过了一项裁剪６００亿美元联邦预算的法案。灾难救助将消减４９％，对外援助陷入异常窘迫的地步。对国际性金融机构，例如世界银行，资助将消减４４％，而难民援助将消减３９％。


The Democratic-led Senate this month rejected the bill but cuts appear inevitable. The two chambers must reach a compromise on spending to avoid a government shutdown.
虽然民主党领导的参议院本月阻止该法案的通过，但为了避免政府关门，两党必须在预算上达成妥协，援助消减看来是无法避免的了。

Rajiv Shah, chief of the U.S. Agency for International Development, told a recent congressional hearing that the House-proposed cuts would be “absolutely devastating.” He said his agency’s disaster funds were paying for U.S. nuclear experts to help Japan in the aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami that has left several reactors at risk of meltdown.
美国国际发展局主任Rajiv Shah在国会听证会上作证表示，“消减计划将是破坏性的”。他说，日本上个月发生地震海啸，几个核反应堆面临融化风险，该局的灾难援助正在向为当地提供帮助的美国核专家提供资金。

But Republicans derided USAID and grilled Shah on specific spending — such as $100,000 to support eco-friendly motorized cycles and $4 million in child health aid for China. They say the U.S. is borrowing 40 cents on every $1 it spends.
“We can’t give away money we don’t have,” said Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Calif.
但共和党不满美国对外援助的使用，他们指责Shah的一些开销【？】，例如为环保电动自行车赛１０万美元支持，为中国儿童健康提供４００万美元资助。共和党表示，美国使用的每１美元在中就有４０美分是借款。
“我们不能花不属于自己的钱”， 加州众议院议员Dana Rohrabacher说。

Democrats say America can’t afford not to.
“If there’s one thing we should have learned in 9/11 it’s that if we don’t visit bad neighborhoods, then they come to visit you,” said Rep. Gary Ackerman, D-N.Y.
民主党则表示美国不能接受这些消减。
纽约众议院议员Gary Ackerman说，“９１１应该让我们学会一件事：如果我们不去找坏邻居的麻烦，他们就会来找我们的。”

Aid accounts for less than 1 percent of the federal budget — and even deep cuts would not make a major dent in the deficit.
援助在联邦预算的比率不到１％，即使大力缩减也不会对消减赤字有太大影响。

Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has cited the competition for global influence as she argues against aid cuts.
国务卿希拉里克林顿表示消减援助将会消弱美国影响力在全球的竞争。

The United States still far exceeds China in providing grants and low-interest loans in the developing world. In 2009, the U.S. official development assistance was $28.8 billion. China’s is estimated — it does not publish comparable figures — at about $3.1 billion, according to Deborah Brautigam, a foreign aid expert at American University.
在向发展中国家提供无偿援助和低息贷款方面，美国目前仍然远远领先于中国。２００９年美国官方的发展援助为２８８亿美元；中国没有公布可比较的数据，但根据美国大学对外援助专家Deborah Brautigam的估计，大约为３１亿美元。


But China’s aid has increased sharply — it gave just $300 million in 2001. Its influence on developing economies extends much further through its provision of easy credit to governments, often in return for exports of natural resources such as oil to finance badly needed infrastructure development or to buy Chinese products.
近年来中国的对外援助增长迅速－其２００１年仅有３亿美元。除援助外，对发展中经济体的影响，中国更多的是通过政府间宽松贷款的方式，以资助急需建设的基础设施，这通常要求对华出口石油之类自然资源，或者购买中国货物最为回报。

Brautigam estimates that in 2009, China’s official aid to Africa was about $1.4 billion — compared with $7.2 billion from the U.S. But China also provides about $6 billion annually in export credits and commercial loans in Africa, while its state and private enterprises have netted tens of billions in telecommunication, construction and engineering contracts.
Brautigam估计，２００９年中国官方对非洲援助为１４亿美元，对比美国为７２亿美元。但中国每年还提供大约６０亿美元的出口信贷和商业贷款，同时中国私人和国有企业在电信、建设和能源方面还拥有数百亿美元合同。

“Western nations are still more influential in Africa, but the gap is narrowing,” said Benedicte Vibe Christensen, a development and economy specialist.
“西方国家仍然更有影响力，但是和中国的差距正在逐渐减小，” 经济和发展专家Benedicte Vibe Christensen说。

In the Asia-Pacific, there is more suspicion among nations of China’s intentions because of its aggressive claims on disputed territories. Asian governments have welcomed increased engagement by the Obama administration.
在亚太地区，由于强化领土方面的主张，各国对中国的意图存有越来越大的疑虑，他们对奥巴马更多介入本地区事务表示欢迎。

====================================================
【？】表示可能有严重理解错误。

====================================================
　　本文仅用于外语翻译练习，请勿用于商业目的。
　　水平有限，难免有错误缺陷，欢迎指正，谢谢。
　　往期翻译，请参见：http://www.docin.com/zczfr
====================================================
原文地址：
http://www.washingtonpost.com/as-america-competes-with-china-for-global-influence-us-foreign-aid-programs-face-budget-ax/2011/03/25/AFLKU1TB_story.html

As America competes with China for global influence, US foreign aid programs face budget ax
By Associated Press, Friday, March 25, 3:40 AM
在与中国竞争全球影响力中，美国对外援助面临大幅消减
美联社２０１１年３月２５日

WASHINGTON — U.S. efforts to counter China’s growing influence in the developing world are a likely casualty of the budget battles dominating Washington’s politics, as chunks of the foreign aid program face the ax.
That could hurt not just the world’s poor, but America’s reach in emerging markets where China has ramped up investment and provided easy credit.
华盛顿：在华盛顿政治的预算大战中，对抗中国在发展中国家迅速增长影响力所需的对外援助项目可能面临大幅削减。
消减不仅将伤害世界上的穷人，而且由于中国在新兴市场投资迅速提升和宽松的信贷，这也将影响美国在这些地区的机遇【？】。

The Obama administration has sought to step up its engagement in Asia, the Pacific, Africa, Central Asia and Latin America. Development aid is a key plank of its strategy. The State Department argues it is “as central to advancing America’s interests as diplomacy and defense.”
奥巴马政府希望在亚洲，太平洋地区，非洲，中亚和拉丁美洲提高影响力。发展援助是达成这个策略的关键，美国国务院将其称为“推进美国民主和国防利益的中心手段”。

But that aid, like all federal spending, is under pressure as lawmakers debate how to reel in the government’s deficit, forecast at $1.5 trillion this year. Much of the red ink is financed by China.
但这项１５０亿美元的援助，如同其他的所有联邦预算一样，面临立法机构消减政府赤字的压力。这些赤字的大部分资金来至中国。


“Since World War II, the world has looked to the United States for leadership in poverty reduction,” said Sarah Jane Staats of the Washington-based Center for Global Development. “It’s not clear in the current environment whether the U.S. will be able to do that.”
“自二战以来，世界把美国看做是消减贫困的领导力量。”华盛顿全球发展中心的Sarah Jane Staats说，“但现在的情况下，我们不知道美国是否还能够这样做。”

Even funds allotted for emergency humanitarian aid — the kind that burnished U.S. standing after the 2004 tsunami in Indonesia — could be slashed.
甚至一些应付突发性人道援助的款项，它们在２００４年印尼海啸中为美国赢得了耀眼表现，也可能被消减。

The Republican-led House voted last month to cut federal spending by $60 billion for the budget year ending in September in a bill that would have hit foreign aid particularly hard — cutting disaster assistance by 49 percent. Funds for international financial institutions like the World Bank would have been cut by 44 percent and aid to refugees by 39 percent.
上个月，共和党主导的国会在对９月到期的预算拨款投票中，通过了一项裁剪６００亿美元联邦预算的法案。灾难救助将消减４９％，对外援助陷入异常窘迫的地步。对国际性金融机构，例如世界银行，资助将消减４４％，而难民援助将消减３９％。


The Democratic-led Senate this month rejected the bill but cuts appear inevitable. The two chambers must reach a compromise on spending to avoid a government shutdown.
虽然民主党领导的参议院本月阻止该法案的通过，但为了避免政府关门，两党必须在预算上达成妥协，援助消减看来是无法避免的了。

Rajiv Shah, chief of the U.S. Agency for International Development, told a recent congressional hearing that the House-proposed cuts would be “absolutely devastating.” He said his agency’s disaster funds were paying for U.S. nuclear experts to help Japan in the aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami that has left several reactors at risk of meltdown.
美国国际发展局主任Rajiv Shah在国会听证会上作证表示，“消减计划将是破坏性的”。他说，日本上个月发生地震海啸，几个核反应堆面临融化风险，该局的灾难援助正在向为当地提供帮助的美国核专家提供资金。

But Republicans derided USAID and grilled Shah on specific spending — such as $100,000 to support eco-friendly motorized cycles and $4 million in child health aid for China. They say the U.S. is borrowing 40 cents on every $1 it spends.
“We can’t give away money we don’t have,” said Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Calif.
但共和党不满美国对外援助的使用，他们指责Shah的一些开销【？】，例如为环保电动自行车赛１０万美元支持，为中国儿童健康提供４００万美元资助。共和党表示，美国使用的每１美元在中就有４０美分是借款。
“我们不能花不属于自己的钱”， 加州众议院议员Dana Rohrabacher说。

Democrats say America can’t afford not to.
“If there’s one thing we should have learned in 9/11 it’s that if we don’t visit bad neighborhoods, then they come to visit you,” said Rep. Gary Ackerman, D-N.Y.
民主党则表示美国不能接受这些消减。
纽约众议院议员Gary Ackerman说，“９１１应该让我们学会一件事：如果我们不去找坏邻居的麻烦，他们就会来找我们的。”

Aid accounts for less than 1 percent of the federal budget — and even deep cuts would not make a major dent in the deficit.
援助在联邦预算的比率不到１％，即使大力缩减也不会对消减赤字有太大影响。

Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has cited the competition for global influence as she argues against aid cuts.
国务卿希拉里克林顿表示消减援助将会消弱美国影响力在全球的竞争。

The United States still far exceeds China in providing grants and low-interest loans in the developing world. In 2009, the U.S. official development assistance was $28.8 billion. China’s is estimated — it does not publish comparable figures — at about $3.1 billion, according to Deborah Brautigam, a foreign aid expert at American University.
在向发展中国家提供无偿援助和低息贷款方面，美国目前仍然远远领先于中国。２００９年美国官方的发展援助为２８８亿美元；中国没有公布可比较的数据，但根据美国大学对外援助专家Deborah Brautigam的估计，大约为３１亿美元。


But China’s aid has increased sharply — it gave just $300 million in 2001. Its influence on developing economies extends much further through its provision of easy credit to governments, often in return for exports of natural resources such as oil to finance badly needed infrastructure development or to buy Chinese products.
近年来中国的对外援助增长迅速－其２００１年仅有３亿美元。除援助外，对发展中经济体的影响，中国更多的是通过政府间宽松贷款的方式，以资助急需建设的基础设施，这通常要求对华出口石油之类自然资源，或者购买中国货物最为回报。

Brautigam estimates that in 2009, China’s official aid to Africa was about $1.4 billion — compared with $7.2 billion from the U.S. But China also provides about $6 billion annually in export credits and commercial loans in Africa, while its state and private enterprises have netted tens of billions in telecommunication, construction and engineering contracts.
Brautigam估计，２００９年中国官方对非洲援助为１４亿美元，对比美国为７２亿美元。但中国每年还提供大约６０亿美元的出口信贷和商业贷款，同时中国私人和国有企业在电信、建设和能源方面还拥有数百亿美元合同。

“Western nations are still more influential in Africa, but the gap is narrowing,” said Benedicte Vibe Christensen, a development and economy specialist.
“西方国家仍然更有影响力，但是和中国的差距正在逐渐减小，” 经济和发展专家Benedicte Vibe Christensen说。

In the Asia-Pacific, there is more suspicion among nations of China’s intentions because of its aggressive claims on disputed territories. Asian governments have welcomed increased engagement by the Obama administration.
在亚太地区，由于强化领土方面的主张，各国对中国的意图存有越来越大的疑虑，他们对奥巴马更多介入本地区事务表示欢迎。

====================================================
【？】表示可能有严重理解错误。