美智库:今年参阅DF-31A就是99年的DF-31

来源:百度文库 编辑:超级军网 时间:2024/04/29 23:43:16
<br /><br />美国科学家联盟(Federation of American Scientists)官方网站近日刊发美国导弹问题专家汉斯-克里斯滕森(Hans M. Kristensen)题为“北京的导弹奥秘”文章。文章通过卫星图片和阅兵图片等推论说,不仅所谓的“DF-41”不能证实,就连《简氏战略武器系统》中有关“DF-31A系18米长”的评估也是错误的,此次阅兵式上的“DF-31A”与1999年出现的DF-31并没有实质差别,它们的八轴载车也是相类似的。文章还对JL-2潜射导弹能携带多个弹头的说法提出了质疑。


  文章首先说,前一阵中国举行了新中国60周年国庆阅兵,此前有广为传布的谣言说阅兵将展示新型的远程弹道导弹,还有新闻媒体称之为“DF-41”,但最后的事实证明,谣言终究还是谣言。克里斯滕森说,首先,据本人所了解,替代谣言的是,中国国防部确认:阅兵式上展示了两款导弹是配备核弹头的DF-31A和常规弹头的DF-21C。那么,驶过广场的是不是DF-31A呢?是否还是十年前1999年阅兵式上已经展示过DF-31呢?


  阅兵展示的洲际导弹到底是DF-31A 还是DF-31?


  美媒文章称,中国国防部网站上登载了几张图片确认说,参加此次阅兵的是DF-31A——一种DF-31机动型洲际弹道导弹(ICBM)的增程型。美国情报部门估计,DF-31A的射程超过11,200公里(6,959英里),能够打击美国全境以及欧洲的目标。这种洲际导弹最初在2007年部署时,被认为携带有单个弹头,截止到现在已经部署的不超过15枚。克里斯滕森的文章接着说,上述“确认”有些奇怪,因为2009年国庆阅兵上展示的DF-31A机动发射车与1999年阅兵展示的DF-31几乎完全相同,“我浏览了我所有中国机动发射车的图片,并没有看出二者有任何显著的区别。唯一表面上的不同是,八轴载弹卡车有所升级并重新刷漆,但是‘DF-31A’导弹筒体看起来与DF-31的尺寸相同。(见图一)”


  美媒文章接着说,看来,并不存在两种不同的远程导弹发射车辆。首次刊发在“中国简报”(China Brief)上的拍摄于2009年6月23日的卫星图片显示,位于北京周边的通县(Tongxian音译)的空军基地内,有一批军事车辆在为阅兵进行排练,其中排成一列的14辆搭载远程导弹的机动式发射车都是同样的外形尺寸,导弹的发射筒都是16米长,看起来就是后来在阅兵式上被“确认”是DF-31A 的洲际弹道导弹。(见图二)


  文章再次提出疑问:DF-31和DF-31A是否确实使用了同样的或者非常类似的机动式发射载车?或者在阅兵上展示的事实上应该是DF-31却被中国的电视和国防部网站误认做DF-31A?但是国防部网站误将DF-31认作DF-31A确实是难以想象的。根据《简氏战略武器系统》(Jane’s Strategic Weapons Systems)的说法,尽管没有官方公开的资料比对这两款洲际导弹及其发射车(除非DF-31有两级弹体,而DF-31A是三级弹体),DF-31A应当比DF-31长,即前者是18米长,而后者的长度是13米。如果上述说法成立的话,此次阅兵式上展出的洲际导弹发射车对于搭载DF-31A来说就显得太短,那只能是用来搭载DF-31的。
神秘的DF-41(抑或尚待揭晓的DF-31A)?


  克里斯滕森的文章还说,此次阅兵临近时,曾有新闻媒体大力报道说,DF-41将在阅兵式上展示,有关导弹的这个谣言貌似填充了那些声称存在所谓“DF-41”洲际导弹的那些个人网站的胃口。从没有官方消息确认这种导弹的存在,而且在美国空军国家航空和航天情报局(U.S. Air Force National Air and Space Intelligence Agency)虽然列出了其他国家研发新型导弹的名单,却没有列举出“DF-41”洲际导弹或者任何其他中国最近研发中的新型远程导弹。


  文章接着提到了央视有关阅兵的节目中提及所谓的“DF-41”洲际核导弹。文章说,在正式阅兵的前一天央视CCTV4频道播出的《今日关注》(FocusToday)节目中,主持人向二炮政治部副主任张西南少将提及了这款导弹,张将军提到流传中的这款导弹时谨慎地用了“所谓的DF-41”这个词,他说,“这个谜底明天将会揭晓”,他虽然没有驳斥“DF-41”的存在,但第二天的阅兵上没有出现这种洲际导弹。尽管如此,几年来,在网络上流传的图片显示,有一款机动式导弹发射车明显与DF-31不同,很多人猜测它就是用来搭载神秘的DF-41的。那么这款发射车是不是用于DF-31A洲际导弹的呢?还是某一款完全不同的洲际导弹?


  JL-2潜射导弹的载荷


  文章还提到,尽管最后中国海军的新式JL-2潜射弹道导弹没有在阅兵式上展示,CCTV4的《今日关注》节目里采访了解放军军事科学院研究员杜文龙,他说,如果有JL-2,它在突防能力以及携带弹头的数量上面,比JL-1应该有大幅度的提升。克里斯滕森的文章接着评论说,JL-2或有望增添某种形式的突防辅助手段,但是如果它携带的弹头不止一枚,这就令人惊异了。无论这位研究员是否了解JL-2将携带或正搭载的弹头数量,目前还不能断定,但是美国情报部门一直认为(截止到今年6月份的报告)JL-2携带的是单个弹头。
 最后的观察


  文章最后说,如果DF-31和DF-31A洲际导弹采用了相类似的机动载车,那就很有意思了。这就意味着“DF-31A系18米长”的评估是错误的,它的长度应该小于16米,这样才适合由这次阅兵式展出的那种搭载所谓“DF-31A”的发射车搭载。文章还煞有介事地引申说,一款通用的导弹发射车将会对中美战争(假定)的“危机稳定性”产生严重的影响,因为当一枚DF-31的发射本来是用于打击地区性目标时,就可能被美国军方误判为是对美国大陆发动核打击,从而进一步导致战争扩大化。(落晖/侍卫)


  美国科学家联盟(又译作:美国科学家联合会),由当年某些参加曼哈顿计划的科学家于1945年成立。在该组织的网站上宣称有七十位诺贝尔奖得主支持赞助这个组织。联盟内有数个计划,大部分是关于美国大规模毁灭性武器(核武器、生化武器)介绍,以及美国政府与美国军队的介绍。也有探讨世界其他国家的武器系统、核安全、小型武器、生化防护、资讯科技、建筑科技等较小的计划。
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推荐→第一投注:倍率高←存取速度快.国内最好的投注平台<br /><br />美国科学家联盟(Federation of American Scientists)官方网站近日刊发美国导弹问题专家汉斯-克里斯滕森(Hans M. Kristensen)题为“北京的导弹奥秘”文章。文章通过卫星图片和阅兵图片等推论说,不仅所谓的“DF-41”不能证实,就连《简氏战略武器系统》中有关“DF-31A系18米长”的评估也是错误的,此次阅兵式上的“DF-31A”与1999年出现的DF-31并没有实质差别,它们的八轴载车也是相类似的。文章还对JL-2潜射导弹能携带多个弹头的说法提出了质疑。


  文章首先说,前一阵中国举行了新中国60周年国庆阅兵,此前有广为传布的谣言说阅兵将展示新型的远程弹道导弹,还有新闻媒体称之为“DF-41”,但最后的事实证明,谣言终究还是谣言。克里斯滕森说,首先,据本人所了解,替代谣言的是,中国国防部确认:阅兵式上展示了两款导弹是配备核弹头的DF-31A和常规弹头的DF-21C。那么,驶过广场的是不是DF-31A呢?是否还是十年前1999年阅兵式上已经展示过DF-31呢?


  阅兵展示的洲际导弹到底是DF-31A 还是DF-31?


  美媒文章称,中国国防部网站上登载了几张图片确认说,参加此次阅兵的是DF-31A——一种DF-31机动型洲际弹道导弹(ICBM)的增程型。美国情报部门估计,DF-31A的射程超过11,200公里(6,959英里),能够打击美国全境以及欧洲的目标。这种洲际导弹最初在2007年部署时,被认为携带有单个弹头,截止到现在已经部署的不超过15枚。克里斯滕森的文章接着说,上述“确认”有些奇怪,因为2009年国庆阅兵上展示的DF-31A机动发射车与1999年阅兵展示的DF-31几乎完全相同,“我浏览了我所有中国机动发射车的图片,并没有看出二者有任何显著的区别。唯一表面上的不同是,八轴载弹卡车有所升级并重新刷漆,但是‘DF-31A’导弹筒体看起来与DF-31的尺寸相同。(见图一)”


  美媒文章接着说,看来,并不存在两种不同的远程导弹发射车辆。首次刊发在“中国简报”(China Brief)上的拍摄于2009年6月23日的卫星图片显示,位于北京周边的通县(Tongxian音译)的空军基地内,有一批军事车辆在为阅兵进行排练,其中排成一列的14辆搭载远程导弹的机动式发射车都是同样的外形尺寸,导弹的发射筒都是16米长,看起来就是后来在阅兵式上被“确认”是DF-31A 的洲际弹道导弹。(见图二)


  文章再次提出疑问:DF-31和DF-31A是否确实使用了同样的或者非常类似的机动式发射载车?或者在阅兵上展示的事实上应该是DF-31却被中国的电视和国防部网站误认做DF-31A?但是国防部网站误将DF-31认作DF-31A确实是难以想象的。根据《简氏战略武器系统》(Jane’s Strategic Weapons Systems)的说法,尽管没有官方公开的资料比对这两款洲际导弹及其发射车(除非DF-31有两级弹体,而DF-31A是三级弹体),DF-31A应当比DF-31长,即前者是18米长,而后者的长度是13米。如果上述说法成立的话,此次阅兵式上展出的洲际导弹发射车对于搭载DF-31A来说就显得太短,那只能是用来搭载DF-31的。
神秘的DF-41(抑或尚待揭晓的DF-31A)?


  克里斯滕森的文章还说,此次阅兵临近时,曾有新闻媒体大力报道说,DF-41将在阅兵式上展示,有关导弹的这个谣言貌似填充了那些声称存在所谓“DF-41”洲际导弹的那些个人网站的胃口。从没有官方消息确认这种导弹的存在,而且在美国空军国家航空和航天情报局(U.S. Air Force National Air and Space Intelligence Agency)虽然列出了其他国家研发新型导弹的名单,却没有列举出“DF-41”洲际导弹或者任何其他中国最近研发中的新型远程导弹。


  文章接着提到了央视有关阅兵的节目中提及所谓的“DF-41”洲际核导弹。文章说,在正式阅兵的前一天央视CCTV4频道播出的《今日关注》(FocusToday)节目中,主持人向二炮政治部副主任张西南少将提及了这款导弹,张将军提到流传中的这款导弹时谨慎地用了“所谓的DF-41”这个词,他说,“这个谜底明天将会揭晓”,他虽然没有驳斥“DF-41”的存在,但第二天的阅兵上没有出现这种洲际导弹。尽管如此,几年来,在网络上流传的图片显示,有一款机动式导弹发射车明显与DF-31不同,很多人猜测它就是用来搭载神秘的DF-41的。那么这款发射车是不是用于DF-31A洲际导弹的呢?还是某一款完全不同的洲际导弹?


  JL-2潜射导弹的载荷


  文章还提到,尽管最后中国海军的新式JL-2潜射弹道导弹没有在阅兵式上展示,CCTV4的《今日关注》节目里采访了解放军军事科学院研究员杜文龙,他说,如果有JL-2,它在突防能力以及携带弹头的数量上面,比JL-1应该有大幅度的提升。克里斯滕森的文章接着评论说,JL-2或有望增添某种形式的突防辅助手段,但是如果它携带的弹头不止一枚,这就令人惊异了。无论这位研究员是否了解JL-2将携带或正搭载的弹头数量,目前还不能断定,但是美国情报部门一直认为(截止到今年6月份的报告)JL-2携带的是单个弹头。
 最后的观察


  文章最后说,如果DF-31和DF-31A洲际导弹采用了相类似的机动载车,那就很有意思了。这就意味着“DF-31A系18米长”的评估是错误的,它的长度应该小于16米,这样才适合由这次阅兵式展出的那种搭载所谓“DF-31A”的发射车搭载。文章还煞有介事地引申说,一款通用的导弹发射车将会对中美战争(假定)的“危机稳定性”产生严重的影响,因为当一枚DF-31的发射本来是用于打击地区性目标时,就可能被美国军方误判为是对美国大陆发动核打击,从而进一步导致战争扩大化。(落晖/侍卫)


  美国科学家联盟(又译作:美国科学家联合会),由当年某些参加曼哈顿计划的科学家于1945年成立。在该组织的网站上宣称有七十位诺贝尔奖得主支持赞助这个组织。联盟内有数个计划,大部分是关于美国大规模毁灭性武器(核武器、生化武器)介绍,以及美国政府与美国军队的介绍。也有探讨世界其他国家的武器系统、核安全、小型武器、生化防护、资讯科技、建筑科技等较小的计划。
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看来MD的专家也不怎地啊,反应塔看成了41!
http://www.fas.org/blog/ssp/2009/10/chinaparade.php

By Hans M. Kristensen

The military parade at China’s 60th National Day celebration last week was widely rumored to be displaying a new long-range ballistic missile described in the news media as the DF-41. The rumors turned out to be, well, rumors.

Instead the Chinese Ministry of National Defense identified two other missiles: the nuclear DF-31A and the conventional DF-21C, to my knowledge a first.

But was it the DF-31A that rolled across the square or the shorter-range DF-31 already displayed ten years ago at the 1999 parade?


What Was Displayed: DF-31A or DF-31?

The Chinese Ministry of National Defense web site carries several pictures (backup copy here) that identify the DF-31A, the long-range version of the DF-31 mobile ICBM, taking part in the parade. No DF-31s were identified. The U.S. intelligence community estimates that the DF-31A with a range of 11,200+ kilometers (6,959+ miles) is capable of striking targets throughout the United States and Europe. The missile is thought to carry a single warhead, was first deployed in 2007, and less than 15 are currently deployed.

The identification is curious because the DF-31A mobile launcher displayed in the 2009 parade is almost identical to the DF-31 launcher displayed in the 1999 parade. I’ve been going through all my images of Chinese mobile launchers and I cannot see any significant difference between the two. The only apparent difference is that the eight-axle truck has been upgraded and painted. But the missile canister on the “DF-31A” launcher appears to have the same dimensions as the one on the DF-31 launcher (see Figure 1).

Figure 1:
Common DF-31 and DF-31A Launcher or DF-31 Displayed Again?




The DF-31A launcher identified by the Chinese Ministry of Defense at the 2009 parade (top) is almost identical to the DF-31 launcher displayed at the 1999 parade (bottom). Do the two missiles use a common mobile launcher or did the Chinese government re-display the DF-31? Images: Chinese Ministry of National Defense


.
And it’s not as if there were two different long-range missile launchers in the area. A satellite image taken on June 23, 2009, and first described in China Brief, shows what appears to be the military vehicles rehearsing at Tongxian Air Base in the outskirts of Beijing in preparation for the parade. A line-up of 14 mobile launchers for long-range missiles all appear to have the same overall dimensions, including a 16-meter missile canister, and appear to be the “DF-31A” launchers identified in the parade (see Figure 2).

Figure 2:
Line-Up of “DF-31A” Launchers



Fourteen vehicles of what the Chinese Ministry of National Defense says are DF-31A missiles launchers lined up at Tongxian Air Base prior to the 2009 National Day parade all appear to have the same overall dimensions. Image: DigitalGlobe/Google Earth


.
Do the DF-31 and DF-31A use the same or a very similar mobile launcher? Or were the launchers displayed in Beijing in fact DF-31s but misidentified on Chinese television and the Chinese Ministry of National Defense web site as DF-31As? It’s hard to imagine the Ministry misidentifying the DF-31 as the DF-31A. But although there are no official public comparisons of the two missiles and their launchers (except the DF-31 has two stages and the DF-31A has three), the DF-31A is assumed to be longer than the DF-31 – 18 meters versus 13 meters, according to Jane’s Strategic Weapons Systems. If so, the launchers displayed at the parade were too short for the DF-31A and must have been for the DF-31.

The Mysterious DF-41 (or still-to-be-seen DF-31A)?

The news media widely reported that the DF-41 would be displayed at the parade. The rumors about the missile seem to have fed off private web sites that claim the existence of a missile called DF-41. There is no official confirmation of this missile and a 2009 report from the U.S. Air Force National Air and Space Intelligence Agency does not list a DF-41 missile or any other new Chinese long-range ballistic missile under development even though it lists new missiles under development by other countries.

The rumors about the DF-41 were so prevailing that an interviewer on the Chinese CCTV 4 Focus Today program the day before the parade kept asking Major General Zhang Xinan, the Assistant Director of the Second Artillery Corps’ Political Department, about the missile. But the General appeared to caution about what he called the “so-called DF-41,” saying that “this mystery will be cleared up tomorrow in the parade.” He did not dismiss the existence of a DF-41, but no such missile launcher rolled across the square.

Even so, photos have been circulating on the web for several years allegedly showing what appear to be a Chinese mobile missile launcher that is clearly different from the DF-31. Many have speculated that the launcher is for the elusive DF-41. Is it, or could this be the launcher for the DF-31A, or something completely different?

DF-31A or DF-41 Mobile Launcher?



Images of a Chinese eight-axle mobile missile launcher have circulated on the web for years, said to be for the DF-41 missile. Is it, or is it for the DF-31A, or something else? Images: Web


.
The JL-2 Payload

Finally, although the Chinese Navy’s new Julang-2 sea-launched ballistic missile was not displayed at the parade, the CCTV 4 Focus Today program interviewed Du Wenlong, identified as a “researcher” from the Chinese Academy of Military Science, who said the JL-2 “penetration capability and number of carried warheads have been raised to a large degree” compared with the JL-1.

The JL-2 is expected to carry some form of penetration aids, but it would be a surprise if it carries more than one warhead. Whether the “researcher” is in a position where he would know what JL-2 will carry or is talking in general terms is unclear, but the U.S. intelligence community has consistently – most recently in June this year – assessed that the JL-2 carries a single warhead.

Final Observations

It would be interesting if the DF-31 and DF-31A use a similar mobile launcher. It would mean that estimates of an 18-meter DF-31A are wrong; the missile would have to be less than 16 meters to fit inside the launcher that was displayed at the parade as the DF-31A. A common launcher would have some serious implications for crisis stability in a hypothetical war between China and the United States because a launch of a DF-31 against regional targets initially could be misinterpreted by the U.S. military as a nuclear attack on the U.S. mainland, and lead to further escalation of the war.

But it would certainly be curious if the Chinese Ministry of National Defense claimed to display the DF-31A but instead re-displayed the DF-31.
看来不少谬种还在鬼佬那里流传。
战略忽悠?
If so, the launchers displayed at the parade were too short for the DF-31A and must have been for the DF-31.
事实上,这个所谓的13/18米,2/3级的谣言早就被批烂了。

13米乃是早期推测数据,见于虚幻军事天空上的推测,当时认为长度为12-13米。鬼佬以为DF-31射程不远,所以猜测是2级固体IRBM。对于DF-31A到底有什么改进也不清楚,只能凭空捏造出“增加第三级”来解释。
还有第二级是液体的说法
有些消息稍微分析一下就知道是扯谈的
美国所谓的智库恐怕也是水货居多
TB说DF31甲,那就一定是31甲。
外国智库关于中国的情报有几个是靠谱的?
美国所谓智库不下上百!
又想套密?
这智库水平也太差了,就算弹搞不清楚,车明显的换了,也看不出来。
就这水平还智库呢
没告诉鬼佬具体型号之前,鬼佬在那瞎猜,而告诉他之后鬼佬还不信,继续瞎猜,请鬼佬继续梦游吧
MGLJ{:3_91:}
美国智库就这水平啊,瞎掰么不是……