来自诺斯罗普格鲁曼网站的声音:KC-45加油机:纵览

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The KC-45 Tanker: Overview
Northrop Grumman is leading a world-class industry team to deliver a total air mobility solution for the U.S. Air Force's next-generation tanker requirement.
The KC-45 Tanker Aircraft is a derivative of the multi-role tanker that already has been selected for service in the air forces of Australia, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. In addition to being an exceptional aerial refueling platform, the KC-45 also offers full operational flexibility for cargo, passengers and aeromedical evacuation - providing a cost-effective response for the Department of Defense and American taxpayers.
Equipped with a centerline flying boom - along with two underwing hose and drogue pods, plus a fuselage hose and drogue refueling unit - the KC-45 can refuel multiple aircraft simultaneously, and is interoperable with U.S. Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps and allied aircraft on the same mission without downtime for ground reconfiguration.
The KC-45 is derived from the A330 widebody twin-engine passenger jet, which has earned its reputation as the commercial airliner of choice for leading carriers worldwide.
Characteristics that make the A330 a bestseller in its category also provide exceptional operational capabilities and superior performance for the KC-45 as a next-generation military tanker. These include: a large existing fuel capacity in the wings; an advanced digital cockpit with fly-by-wire controls for excellent handling qualities and low crew workload; a fuselage cross-section maximized for both passenger and cargo payloads and underfloor holds that are sized to accommodate NATO standard 463L pallets, bulk cargo and side-by-side LD-3 containers.
As a derivative of a modern commercial jetliner early in its operational prime, the KC-45's advantages also include low life cycle costs, continued manufacturer upgrades and improvements, and a guaranteed supply of spare parts for decades to come.
To ensure the Air Force maintains the aerial refueling capability necessary to support America's global warfighting needs, all possible options should be considered for modernizing its tanker fleet.
In four consecutive international competitions, the KC-45 family of advanced tankers been selected by NATO and allied nations as the optimal solution for meeting next-generation military tanker requirements.  
Australia is acquiring five A330 MRTTs (Multi-Role Tanker Transports), the first of which has begun flight testing prior to its 2008 delivery to the Royal Australian Air Force, followed by a 2009 entry into operational service.   The A330 MRTT also has been chosen by Saudi Arabia and the United Emirates, both of which have announced plans to acquire three aircraft each.  As with Australia, the A330 MRTTs for these two countries will be equipped with the advanced fly-by-wire Aerial Refueling Boom (ARBS) and digital underwing hose & drogue refueling pods – the same configuration for Northrop Grumman’s KC-45 Tanker proposed to the U.S. Air Force.
In the United Kingdom, the AirTanker industry group and its A330-200 tanker/transport solution were selected for the country’s Future Strategic Tanker Aircraft requirement.  A 14-aircraft fleet will be owned and supported by AirTanker, and made available for air-to-air refueling with hoses and drogues, as well as for air transport duties.
In America, an open and competitive selection process for the next generation U.S. Air Force tanker will produce the optimal aircraft system at a price point that creates best value for the Department of Defense, the services, coalition forces and the American taxpayer. The KC-45 Tanker has consistently demonstrated its success as a world-class refueling platform in competitive selection processes.
The KC-45 industrial team is committed to delivering an American military aircraft program, with tanker assembly and production taking place in Mobile, Alabama, and 58 percent of the aircraft, subsystems and support being provided by hundreds of American partners and suppliers. The KC-45 program will result in the in-sourcing of thousands of U.S aerospace jobs.The KC-45 Tanker: Overview
Northrop Grumman is leading a world-class industry team to deliver a total air mobility solution for the U.S. Air Force's next-generation tanker requirement.
The KC-45 Tanker Aircraft is a derivative of the multi-role tanker that already has been selected for service in the air forces of Australia, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. In addition to being an exceptional aerial refueling platform, the KC-45 also offers full operational flexibility for cargo, passengers and aeromedical evacuation - providing a cost-effective response for the Department of Defense and American taxpayers.
Equipped with a centerline flying boom - along with two underwing hose and drogue pods, plus a fuselage hose and drogue refueling unit - the KC-45 can refuel multiple aircraft simultaneously, and is interoperable with U.S. Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps and allied aircraft on the same mission without downtime for ground reconfiguration.
The KC-45 is derived from the A330 widebody twin-engine passenger jet, which has earned its reputation as the commercial airliner of choice for leading carriers worldwide.
Characteristics that make the A330 a bestseller in its category also provide exceptional operational capabilities and superior performance for the KC-45 as a next-generation military tanker. These include: a large existing fuel capacity in the wings; an advanced digital cockpit with fly-by-wire controls for excellent handling qualities and low crew workload; a fuselage cross-section maximized for both passenger and cargo payloads and underfloor holds that are sized to accommodate NATO standard 463L pallets, bulk cargo and side-by-side LD-3 containers.
As a derivative of a modern commercial jetliner early in its operational prime, the KC-45's advantages also include low life cycle costs, continued manufacturer upgrades and improvements, and a guaranteed supply of spare parts for decades to come.
To ensure the Air Force maintains the aerial refueling capability necessary to support America's global warfighting needs, all possible options should be considered for modernizing its tanker fleet.
In four consecutive international competitions, the KC-45 family of advanced tankers been selected by NATO and allied nations as the optimal solution for meeting next-generation military tanker requirements.  
Australia is acquiring five A330 MRTTs (Multi-Role Tanker Transports), the first of which has begun flight testing prior to its 2008 delivery to the Royal Australian Air Force, followed by a 2009 entry into operational service.   The A330 MRTT also has been chosen by Saudi Arabia and the United Emirates, both of which have announced plans to acquire three aircraft each.  As with Australia, the A330 MRTTs for these two countries will be equipped with the advanced fly-by-wire Aerial Refueling Boom (ARBS) and digital underwing hose & drogue refueling pods – the same configuration for Northrop Grumman’s KC-45 Tanker proposed to the U.S. Air Force.
In the United Kingdom, the AirTanker industry group and its A330-200 tanker/transport solution were selected for the country’s Future Strategic Tanker Aircraft requirement.  A 14-aircraft fleet will be owned and supported by AirTanker, and made available for air-to-air refueling with hoses and drogues, as well as for air transport duties.
In America, an open and competitive selection process for the next generation U.S. Air Force tanker will produce the optimal aircraft system at a price point that creates best value for the Department of Defense, the services, coalition forces and the American taxpayer. The KC-45 Tanker has consistently demonstrated its success as a world-class refueling platform in competitive selection processes.
The KC-45 industrial team is committed to delivering an American military aircraft program, with tanker assembly and production taking place in Mobile, Alabama, and 58 percent of the aircraft, subsystems and support being provided by hundreds of American partners and suppliers. The KC-45 program will result in the in-sourcing of thousands of U.S aerospace jobs.
翻译如下:

                                                                          KC-45加油机:纵览
诺斯罗普格鲁曼公司领导着一个世界级的工业团队针对美国空军下一代加油机的要求交付一项整体空中机动解决方案。
KC-45加油机是已经被澳大利亚,英国,阿联酋和沙特空军选中服役的多任务加油机的派生型号。除了作为一个出色的空中加油平台外,KC-45同时了完整的货运,客运和航空医疗救护的使用灵活性-为国防部和全美纳税人提供了一个更合算的方案。
装备一副中心线加油伸缩套管-外加两个翼下软管和锥形套吊舱,加上一副机身软管和锥形加油单元-KC-45能够同时给多架飞机加油,并且不需要经过地面改装即可在同一次任务中供美国空军,海军,海军陆战队和盟国的飞机通用。
KC-45源自A330宽体双发客机,这种客机已经作为引领世界航空运输的商业航空公司的选择而赢得荣誉。
使A330在同类型中最热销的特性也为KC-45作为下一代军用加油机提供了出众的使用性和卓越的表现。这些包括:机翼中承载更多的燃油容量;配置电传操纵,拥有出色操纵品质和轻松的机组工作强度的先进数字化座舱;机身横界面为客货运输最大化,以及机内机板下的空间大小可以容纳北约标准的463L货盘,散装货物和堆放的LD-3集装箱。
作为批量装备早期的这种现代商用飞机的衍生机型,KC-45的优势还包括低的寿命周期费用,持续的厂家升级和完善,以及今后数十年的备件的供应保障。
确保美国空军保持支援美国全球作战需要的空中加油能力,所有可能的选择都要基于使空中加油机队现代化而考虑。
在4次连续的国际竞争中,KC-45先进加油机系列被北约和盟国选中作为满足下一代军用加油机要求的理想的解决方案。
澳大利亚获得了5架A330 MRTT(多用途加油运输机),第一架已开始飞行测试,直到2008年交付皇家澳大利亚空军,随后2009年服役。A330 MRTT同时被沙特和阿联酋选中,两国已宣布各自装备3架。相对于澳大利亚,这两国的A330 MRTT将装备先进的电传空中加油套管(ARBS)和数字式翼下软管以及锥形加油单元-诺斯罗普的KC-45加油机以同样的配置推荐给美国空军。
在英国,空中加油机工业团队和它的A330-200加油/运输机方案中选,应对该国未来战略加油机要求。一个14架飞机的机队将装备并获得加油机支持,使其能够实现空中使用软管和锥形装置加油,也能够执行空运任务。
在美国,一场公开的和竞争性的美国空军下一代加油机选购进程在各方瞩目下将产生对国防部,后勤,特种部队和美国纳税人最有价值的理想的飞机系统。KC-45加油机将继续在竞争激烈的选购进程中作为一种世界级的加油平台展示它的成功。
KC-45工业团队正提交一份美国军用飞机计划,将加油机的装配和生产移至亚拉巴马州的墨比尔市,飞机,子系统和后勤支持的58%将由数百家美国伙伴和供应商提供。KC-45项目将为美国制造数千个航空工作岗位。
支持翻译。

一个说我的飞机多用途,另一个说你飞机的多用途根本不实用,我的才省钱。:D
传说中的联合翼运输/加油机,又拖到下下一代了?
上图:

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正在着陆的是空客母公司EADS为澳大利亚空军制造的“A-330 MRTT”加油机,这架飞机称为“KC-30B MRTT”,定购
情况为:澳大利亚为5架,阿拉伯联合酋长国为3架,沙特阿拉伯为3架。另外预计英国空军也将要定购以更换现有加油机,
飞机全长59.7米,翼展60.3米,最大起飞重量为230吨的大型机。
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再来回顾一下波音公司提供给日本航空自卫队的KC-767加油机,以下是日本首架KC767加油机

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个人认为:加油机毕竟空中运输是副业,虽然有向多用途方向发展的趋势。但是,就目前可获得的信息来看,波音的方案更具有好的费效比。如果片面的追求多用途的话,将有可能使当年的F-111因为过于追求多任务而使研制周期拉长,最终依然无法调和军种间的不同需要,使海军最后选择F-14这样的悲剧重演。所不同的是,这一回贪大求全的角色由国防部换成了空军。
要我说的话,运输机和加油机之间的任务需求并没有什么不可调和的矛盾,与攻击机VS战斗机的性能互相矛盾并不一样,只差在执行任务时的花费是多少而已。
我同意你的观点,但是这涉及到工业柔性化的问题。在未来的几十年中,加油机还不太可能在空中实现油料空间和货运空间的自动优化再分配,依然需要在地面完成这些工作。在战时分秒必争的情况下,这种地面改装时间是对宝贵的作战资源的巨大浪费。因此,我认为当前及今后数十年内,加油机的多用途化更象一个花瓶。除非解决我上面提到的改装耗时问题,否则还是走专业化辅以多用途的道路最明智。
原帖由 cmgy 于 2008-5-12 23:43 发表
个人认为:加油机毕竟空中运输是副业,虽然有向多用途方向发展的趋势。但是,就目前可获得的信息来看,波音的方案更具有好的费效比。如果片面的追求多用途的话,将有可能使当年的F-111因为过于追求多任务而使研制周期 ...

支持:handshake 历史数据也证实了这观点.
真要增加运输力量,还不如用改造基地以适应KC-45部署的190亿美元多卖几十架C-17核算呢.这些新购买的C-17的使用费用估计也未必会超过KC-45比KC-767多出来的300亿美元的使用费用吧;P
俺负责顶帖子,大火负责讨论。;P
原帖由 cmgy 于 2008-5-12 23:43 发表
个人认为:加油机毕竟空中运输是副业,虽然有向多用途方向发展的趋势。但是,就目前可获得的信息来看,波音的方案更具有好的费效比。如果片面的追求多用途的话,将有可能使当年的F-111因为过于追求多任务而使研制周期 ...

未必,全世界的大型加油机(轰油-6不算)都是利用运输机/客机机体改装,设计时考虑兼职运输的机型不少,KC-10就是成功典范。
要有问题,也是效费比的问题。
再说767已成为GLA空军下一代预警机、电子侦察机的平台,保持多种机型以分散事故停飞风险,也是有必要的。
我看过一篇文章,说是加油机的运输用途基本没用过,几乎没有加油机再改回兼职运输机的:
因为各大空军的加油机根本就远不够用。