英美间谍曾在香港设立对华监听基地

来源:百度文库 编辑:超级军网 时间:2024/04/28 01:19:29
2006年01月20日11:34  
国际先驱导报    
特约记者李雨桐报道
  
  
  上世纪70年代末期,毗邻大陆又接受英国殖民统治的香港,成为英美“梯队”系统监听中国内地的“理想基地”
  
   西兰当地媒体披露了一批有关新西兰前总理兰格回忆录的机密文件,这批材料显示新西兰在20年前曾经作为英美卫星情报搜集系统——“梯队”的成员,帮助英美截取了联合国和多个国家的情报,其中包括曾经利用英美设在香港的监听站搜集了中国内地的情报。
  
  
  “政府回忆”曝光监听真相
  
  据了解,这批回忆录被称为“政府回忆”,满满当当地装了12个纸盒,而在其中近400份的高度机密报告中,都提到了一个代号为“影子行动”的间谍活动。所谓“影子行动”,是指20年前新西兰分别利用英国政府通信总部(GCHQ)及美国国安局(NSA)所属的卫星,在新西兰南岛怀霍派及北岛唐伊莫阿纳设立监听基地,截获破译邻近国家的各种电子信号、电话、传真等信息的行动。该行动导致从斐济、汤加、所罗门群岛,到中国大陆的情报以及印度和波兰在南极的活动,都无一幸免地被英美卫星监听。更有甚者,负责行动的新西兰政府通讯安全局还曾在1985至1986年的年度报告中透露,英美等国对联合国这样的权威国际组织也不放过,因为“联合国外交通讯”正是新西兰的其中一个主要截查目标。
  
  此外,这批材料中的238份还披露,包括朝鲜、越南、埃及、前苏联、菲律宾等多个国家、组织的司法及军事情报信息都被其监听截获,而且像日本、法国这样英美的重要盟国也成为其重要监听对象。报告还特别指出,“日本政府利用较复杂密码防止国家机密外泄”。
  
  
  “梯队”系统是幕后黑手
  
  据国际情报专家分析,这批机密文件中提及的活动指向的“梯队(ECHELON)系统”,就是20世纪70年代由美国国安局与英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰签署了《乌萨卡情报公约》之后组建的全球性监听系统。该系统利用地面监听设备和间谍卫星,组成了一道密不透风的情报搜集及分析系统,可截查各地无线电及卫星传播、电话、传真、电邮,甚至电脑数据,目前其在全球每天截取信息数量可达30亿个之多。
  
  据西方媒体披露,“梯队”系统在全球范围内至少建立了7处大规模的监听基地设施,主要是英国的蒙威茨山基地、莫文斯托夫基地,美国本土的亚基马基地、舒格格罗夫基地,加拿大的利特里姆基地,澳大利亚的杰拉尔顿基地以及上文提到的新西兰怀霍派基地等。其中英国的蒙威茨山基地是“梯队”间谍系统在欧洲的中心基地,位于英国约克郡,目前至少拥有30多个卫星天线装置。
  
  
  香港成为“梯队”对华监听基地
  
  上世纪70年代末期,英国还在香港东部小西湾设立了监听站,成为监听太平洋及印度洋的国际通信的枢纽设施。而据附近的老居民介绍,小西湾的监听站戒备森严,不仅由非华藉的英兵宪兵把守,而且监听房使用的厚达十几厘米的钢门,当时英国人为防止解放军突袭香港,还特别加装了反锁系统,如被敌人包围可把自己反锁在屋内,以便争取时间将解码器和其他机密销毁以免落入敌人手中。由于香港于1997年回归中国,故英美在1994年关闭该接收站,所有职员于1994年11月离开香港。  
  
  尽管这一消息一直被英美等国否认,但澳大利亚《时代报》此前的一则报道也对此加以了印证。该报透露,20世纪80年代初期,出于便于管理和隐蔽的需要,英国技术人员陆续退出小西湾监听站,而转由“梯队”系统于1981年组建的澳大利亚墨尔本联合技术机构接管,该机构的人员主要就来自澳大利亚国防部通信管理局和新西兰政府通讯安全局。而该机构的主要监听站点有三个,其中两个设在澳大利亚本土的沃森尼亚和墨尔本,另一个就是香港小西湾。
  
  当时,这一高度机密计划还使用了一系列特殊代码加以保密。香港卫星监听站叫做“天竺葵”,墨尔本的叫“AUJ360”,卫星中继线叫“三趾鸥”。澳大利亚20世纪80年代发行的防务文件就称“三趾鸥”是“设在香港、针对中国”的装备优良的通信的拦截工程。而另一份泄露机密的澳大利亚防务文件则说澳大利亚对中国进行刺探的主要目标是:中国的先进核武器和太空试验活动以及中国在帕拉塞尔群岛(西沙群岛)的军事活动,也“监视苏联在东亚的海军调遣,从符拉迪沃斯托克(海参崴)和堪察加的海军基地到越南的金兰湾”。
  2006年01月20日11:34  
国际先驱导报    
特约记者李雨桐报道
  
  
  上世纪70年代末期,毗邻大陆又接受英国殖民统治的香港,成为英美“梯队”系统监听中国内地的“理想基地”
  
   西兰当地媒体披露了一批有关新西兰前总理兰格回忆录的机密文件,这批材料显示新西兰在20年前曾经作为英美卫星情报搜集系统——“梯队”的成员,帮助英美截取了联合国和多个国家的情报,其中包括曾经利用英美设在香港的监听站搜集了中国内地的情报。
  
  
  “政府回忆”曝光监听真相
  
  据了解,这批回忆录被称为“政府回忆”,满满当当地装了12个纸盒,而在其中近400份的高度机密报告中,都提到了一个代号为“影子行动”的间谍活动。所谓“影子行动”,是指20年前新西兰分别利用英国政府通信总部(GCHQ)及美国国安局(NSA)所属的卫星,在新西兰南岛怀霍派及北岛唐伊莫阿纳设立监听基地,截获破译邻近国家的各种电子信号、电话、传真等信息的行动。该行动导致从斐济、汤加、所罗门群岛,到中国大陆的情报以及印度和波兰在南极的活动,都无一幸免地被英美卫星监听。更有甚者,负责行动的新西兰政府通讯安全局还曾在1985至1986年的年度报告中透露,英美等国对联合国这样的权威国际组织也不放过,因为“联合国外交通讯”正是新西兰的其中一个主要截查目标。
  
  此外,这批材料中的238份还披露,包括朝鲜、越南、埃及、前苏联、菲律宾等多个国家、组织的司法及军事情报信息都被其监听截获,而且像日本、法国这样英美的重要盟国也成为其重要监听对象。报告还特别指出,“日本政府利用较复杂密码防止国家机密外泄”。
  
  
  “梯队”系统是幕后黑手
  
  据国际情报专家分析,这批机密文件中提及的活动指向的“梯队(ECHELON)系统”,就是20世纪70年代由美国国安局与英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰签署了《乌萨卡情报公约》之后组建的全球性监听系统。该系统利用地面监听设备和间谍卫星,组成了一道密不透风的情报搜集及分析系统,可截查各地无线电及卫星传播、电话、传真、电邮,甚至电脑数据,目前其在全球每天截取信息数量可达30亿个之多。
  
  据西方媒体披露,“梯队”系统在全球范围内至少建立了7处大规模的监听基地设施,主要是英国的蒙威茨山基地、莫文斯托夫基地,美国本土的亚基马基地、舒格格罗夫基地,加拿大的利特里姆基地,澳大利亚的杰拉尔顿基地以及上文提到的新西兰怀霍派基地等。其中英国的蒙威茨山基地是“梯队”间谍系统在欧洲的中心基地,位于英国约克郡,目前至少拥有30多个卫星天线装置。
  
  
  香港成为“梯队”对华监听基地
  
  上世纪70年代末期,英国还在香港东部小西湾设立了监听站,成为监听太平洋及印度洋的国际通信的枢纽设施。而据附近的老居民介绍,小西湾的监听站戒备森严,不仅由非华藉的英兵宪兵把守,而且监听房使用的厚达十几厘米的钢门,当时英国人为防止解放军突袭香港,还特别加装了反锁系统,如被敌人包围可把自己反锁在屋内,以便争取时间将解码器和其他机密销毁以免落入敌人手中。由于香港于1997年回归中国,故英美在1994年关闭该接收站,所有职员于1994年11月离开香港。  
  
  尽管这一消息一直被英美等国否认,但澳大利亚《时代报》此前的一则报道也对此加以了印证。该报透露,20世纪80年代初期,出于便于管理和隐蔽的需要,英国技术人员陆续退出小西湾监听站,而转由“梯队”系统于1981年组建的澳大利亚墨尔本联合技术机构接管,该机构的人员主要就来自澳大利亚国防部通信管理局和新西兰政府通讯安全局。而该机构的主要监听站点有三个,其中两个设在澳大利亚本土的沃森尼亚和墨尔本,另一个就是香港小西湾。
  
  当时,这一高度机密计划还使用了一系列特殊代码加以保密。香港卫星监听站叫做“天竺葵”,墨尔本的叫“AUJ360”,卫星中继线叫“三趾鸥”。澳大利亚20世纪80年代发行的防务文件就称“三趾鸥”是“设在香港、针对中国”的装备优良的通信的拦截工程。而另一份泄露机密的澳大利亚防务文件则说澳大利亚对中国进行刺探的主要目标是:中国的先进核武器和太空试验活动以及中国在帕拉塞尔群岛(西沙群岛)的军事活动,也“监视苏联在东亚的海军调遣,从符拉迪沃斯托克(海参崴)和堪察加的海军基地到越南的金兰湾”。
<DIV>The Waihopai listening installation near Blenheim. </DIV>
NZ spy base being used in US dirty tricks check says Locke<DIV> </DIV>04.03.2003<BR><DIV> </DIV>The Waihopai spy base in Marlborough is being used as part of an alleged dirty tricks campaign by the United States to spy on fellow United Nations members, says Green MP Keith Locke. <BR><BR>"New Zealand could easily be helping the US National Security Agency (NSA) intercept communications between UN delegates and their home countries," Mr Locke said today.<BR><BR>Britain's Sunday Observer reported at the weekend that the US was spying on UN Security Council members in order to get support for a war against Iraq.<BR><BR>Waihopai is said to be part of the "Echelon" programme that globally intercepts electronic communications.<BR><BR>"The two satellite dishes at the Waihopai station near Blenheim pull down all the phones, faxes and e-mails passing through two communications satellites over the equator," Mr Locke said.<BR><BR>"These messages are filtered by the NSA for key words and sender and recipient details.<BR><BR>"Communications from 'swinging' Security Council members like Pakistan or Chile could well be forwarded from Waihopai to the NSA."<BR><BR>Once the NSA had the messages, they could be used by the US to get information on the negotiating positions of the six Security Council members undecided on a war in Iraq.<BR><BR>The council is to shortly consider a resolution drafted by the US and Britain supporting its case for an invasion of Iraq.<BR><BR>Mr Locke said it was wrong that the base run by the Government Communications Security Bureau was being run in the interests of US policy.<BR><BR>"It seriously compromises our independent foreign policy and the respect with which we are held in the world."<BR><BR>His comments came as Parliament debated the Government Communications Security Bureau Bill, which sets up the agency in law. It exists by Cabinet directive. The change will put it on the same basis as the Security Intelligence Service.<BR><BR>The bureau has often been criticised for its secretive nature, with regular protests outside the station. The bureau's head office is in Wellington. The prime minister is in charge of the GCSB.<BR><BR>Mr Locke said the law change would mean a "little bit more would be known about the GCSB, but not very much."<BR><BR>Government MPs criticised the Green MP's stance, saying the secret nature of work at Waihopai was essential to fight terrorist groups and other threats to national security. <BR><BR>Spying in NZ <BR><BR>* The Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB) runs two intelligence collection stations.<BR><BR>* One is a high frequency radio interception and direction-finding station at Tangimoana, near Bulls. The other, at Waihopai, intercepts satellite communications.<BR><BR>* The bureau has a $20 million budget and employs about 220 staff. <BR><BR>- NZPA
  能不能翻翻译?
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-1-22 14:29:28编辑过]
<DIV>有关echelon比较详细的介绍:http://fly.hiwaay.net/~pspoole/echelon.html</DIV>
<P 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro">3楼的主要内容:</P><P 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.3px STHeiti">除了提到位于Tangimoana的一座高频电波截获机站,位于Waihopai的一座截获卫星通信的机站,和GCSB一年两千万新西兰币的经费和220个员工外,比较有意思的一段是美英通过截获联合国安理会成员国的通讯信息获知一些成员国的对伊拉克开战的立场。</P><P 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.3px STHeiti; min-height: 13.0px"><BR></P><P 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.3px STHeiti">由此可见,情报与外交战线息息相关,通过情报手段获知对方的战略意图,对实现政治,经济利益的最大化是相当重要的。就好像中美建交。</P><P 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.3px STHeiti; min-height: 13.0px"><BR></P><P 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.3px STHeiti">另外,由此也不难看出美国老的技术侦察手段是很nb的。我国安全部门面临的挑战巨大的。</P>
<TD bgcolor="#" width="5"> </TD><TD bgcolor="#666666">  S U N D A Y   S T A R   T I M E S   S T O R Y   </TD><TABLE cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="right"><TR><TD align="right"><TABLE cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="150"><TR height="19" valign="center"><TD><IMG src="http://www.stuff.co.nz/inl/images/null.gif"></TD><TD><IMG src="http://www.stuff.co.nz/inl/images/null.gif"></TD><TD class="masthead_colour">RELATED LINK</TD></TR><TR><TD>http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/sundaystartimes/0,2106,3540743a6005,00.html</TD><TD colspan="2" class="poll_content" style="padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; "></TD></TR><TR height="1"><TD></TD><TD colspan="2"></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD align="center"></TD></TR></TABLE><H2>Lange's secrets</H2>15 January 2006<TABLE cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="5"><TR><TD height="5"><IMG src="http://www.stuff.co.nz/inl/images/null.gif"></TD></TR></TABLE><BR><TABLE 2px; -khtml-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><TR 2px; -khtml-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><TD bgcolor="#cc0000" align="center">SPECIAL REPORT</TD></TR></TABLE>Archives New Zealand describes itself as 'the memory of government'. This memory includes a dozen cardboard boxes filled with papers belonging to former Prime Minister David Lange. Access to most of them was barred during his lifetime, and since his death in August, available only at the discretion of the Chief Archivist. Political editor HELEN BAIN applied to view the files, and was granted permission - after Archives NZ sought Cabinet approval. An application to publish was also approved. This is what she found. <BR><P>Among the personal papers bequeathed to the nation by former Prime Minister David Lange is a numbered copy of a top secret report from the organisation that runs the 'spy domes' at Waihopai and Tangimoana. It provides an unprecedented insight into how espionage was conducted 20 years ago.</P><P>The top-secret intelligence report found among David Lange's papers shows New Zealand had been spying on friendly countries throughout the region.</P><P>Targets included Japanese and Philippines diplomatic cables and the government communications of Fiji, the Solomons, Tonga and "international organisations operating in the Pacific".</P><P>The Government Communications Security Bureau's 1985/86 annual report also reveals that one of New Zealand's main targets was "UN diplomatic" cables, but which agencies of the United Nations were targeted is not stated.</P><P>The GCSB is New Zealand's largest and least-known intelligence agency, specialising in electronic eavesdropping on other countries' communications as part of an American-led global intelligence network.</P><P>The 1986 spying operations were done at the GCSB listening station at Tangimoana, near Palmerston North.</P><P>The report detailing these operations is stamped with the codeword "Umbra", the modern equivalent of the World War II "Ultra" codeword, applied to high level intercepted German communications.</P><P>The report shows that GCSB operations in the year after the ANZUS crisis were still closely integrated with its intelligence allies.</P><P>Much of the GCSB's work involved translating and analysing communications intercepted by other agencies, "most of the raw traffic used ... (coming) from GCHQ/NSA sources", the British and US signals intelligence agencies.</P><P>Its report says "reporting on items of intelligence derived from South Pacific telex messages on satellite communications links was accelerated during the year.</P><P>"A total of 171 reports were published, covering the Solomons, Fiji, Tonga and international organisations operating in the Pacific. The raw traffic for this reporting provided by NSA the US National Security Agency)."</P><P>The GCSB also produced 238 intelligence reports on Japanese diplomatic cables, using "raw traffic from GCHQ/NSA sources". This was down from the previous year: "The Japanese government implementation of a new high grade cypher system seriously reduced the bureau's output." For French government communications, the GCSB "relied heavily on (British) GCHQ acquisition and forwarding of French Pacific satellite intercept".</P><P>The report lists the Tangimoana station's targets in 1985-86 as "French South Pacific civil, naval and military; French Antarctic civil; Vietnamese diplomatic; North Korean diplomatic; Egyptian diplomatic; Soviet merchant and scientific research shipping; Soviet Antarctic civil. Soviet fisheries; Argentine naval; Non-Soviet Antarctic civil; East German diplomatic; Japanese diplomatic; Philippine diplomatic; South African Armed Forces; Laotian diplomatic (and) UN diplomatic."</P><P>The station intercepted 165,174 messages from these targets, "an increase of approximately 37,000 on the 84/85 figure. Reporting on the Soviet target increased by 20% on the previous year".</P><P>After the Rainbow Warrior bombing - which the GCSB report calls the "Rainbow Warrior incident" - "a special collection and reporting effort was mounted against French vessels in the NZ area, particularly the yacht Ouvea (on which some of the French agents escaped from New Zealand). NSA and GCHQ were also requested to monitor certain Paris telephone addresses. Coverage of the Ouvea produced some valuable intercept."</P><P>The report also mentions New Zealand involvement in spying on Indian and Polish activity in Antarctica and Chinese and other government traffic derived chiefly from GCHQ/NSA satellite intercepts.</P><P>Each page of the 31-page report that mentioned eavesdropping operations was headed "TOP SECRET UMBRA HANDLE VIA COMINT CHANNELS ONLY". COMINT stands for "communications intelligence".</P>
我同意&nbsp; 上述的观点&nbsp; 国与国之间只有永远的利益,没有永远的朋友,这一点大家一定要记住.
<p>  美国的通讯技术,对于我们是压倒性优势。</p>