借机转文：NAVY着手修复电弹和副油箱的适配问题

http://defensetech.org/2015/03/3 ... xternal-fuel-tanks/

The Navy plans to fix the software on its new carrier-based electromagnetic catapult system so that it can launching F/A-18s and Growlers carrying additional external fuel tanks under the wings, service officials said.
NAVY计划为全新的电磁弹射器打一个软件补丁，以让它能正常弹射挂载了翼下副油箱的超级虫

The changes will be finished on the Navy’s Electro Magnetic Aircraft Launch System, or EMALS, in time for operational testing aboard the Navy’s first Ford-class carrier — the USS Gerald R. Ford — in 2017, said Navy Cmdr. Thurraya Kent.
这个修正将会及时完成，在福特航母2017年的EMALS可用性测试之前，海军官员Thurraya Kent说

In April 2014, the Navy discovered an issue during testing at its facility in Lakehurst, N.J., that prevents the system from launching F/A-18 Super Hornets and EA-18 Growlers that are configured with external wing tanks, service officials said.
2014年4月，在lakehurst的地面测试中，海军发现了一个问题，问题发生在弹射带翼下副油箱的超虫和咆哮者的测试中

“The Navy understands the issue and will address it with a software modification well before any planned operational launch and recovery of aircraft.  The fix will only involve a software change and will be completed well before any planned operational launch and recovery of aircraft,” she said.
海军了解了这个问题，并着手在软件层面修补，修补会在实际的弹射-回收作业开始之前完成，修补仅仅限于软件层面

The external fuel tanks, positioned beneath the wings on the E/A-18G Growler electronic jamming aircraft and F/A-18s, add additional stress to the aircraft when launched by EMALS, an issue which could wind up shortening the operational life of the aircraft.
副油箱位于咆哮者和超级虫的翼下，在飞机被电磁弹射器弹射时，油箱带来了预料外的应力，这会缩短飞行器的使用寿命

The software updates are anticipated to begin by March of next year.
“No additional hardware or hardware changes to equipment already installed onboard CVN 78 are required, and there are no modifications required for any of the aircraft affected,” Kent explained.
预期在明年三月之前软件会被更新，“没有额外的硬件增加或者硬件修改，也不需要对飞行器做任何修改”，kent解释说

EMALS is a next-generation carrier-deck launch systems engineered to replace existing steam catapults and go on the services’ new Ford-class carriers.
The first EMALS system has been under construction for several years aboard the USS Gerald R. Ford, or CVN 78, the first in class of the new carriers expected to deliver to the Navy next year.
EMALS是下一代航母弹射系统，被部署于福特级航母.....

The USS Ford has been heavily criticized by lawmakers and government watchdog groups for cost overruns and delays with the new technologies. The ship is on track to come in under its congressionally-mandated cost cap of $12.9 billion.
福特号上新技术带来的超支和延误被立法者和政府审计部门严重关注。

“Two of the four catapults are completely built. The other two are almost built,” said Rear Adm. Thomas Moore, Program Executive Officer, Carriers.
四个弹射器中的两个已经被安装，另外两个也接近完成

The system is part of a new series of carrier-based technologies designed to significantly increase the sortie rate and engineer a tailorable catapult that can achieve the desired amount of power for a an aircraft’s dimensions and weight – all while reducing wear and tear on airframes.

“EMALS gives the Navy the flexibility to make adjustments based on aircraft weight and configuration to accommodate a wider range of aircraft, including lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles that cannot be launched with a steam catapult,” Kent said. “EMALS can be adjusted more optimally and rapidly than a steam catapult could accommodate, providing the Navy with the ability to increase sortie generation rate for our entire inventory of combat aircraft.”
（一堆综述懒得翻了）

Additional laboratory testing of the software glitches will be performed this year before control algorithms and fine-tuning can take place, Kent added.
额外的实验室测试将在今年进行，在新的控制律和相关微调被部署之前

“This will be followed by dead load launches, comparative steam catapult launches and aircraft launches at Lakehurst next fiscal year,” she said.
随之而来的是死重弹射测试，和蒸汽弹射的比对，以及明年在lakehurst的实机弹射测试

The fixes are designed to build upon how EMALS is engineered to adjust power and thrust depending upon the weight of the aircraft.  As a result, Navy officials say
the system can be adjusted to accommodate the aircraft loaded with extra fuel tanks under the wings.
补丁被用来配置EMALS基于飞行器重量调整推力输出，从而可以更好的适应翼下挂载副油箱的战机

“EMALS will allow us to do the fine-tuning as necessary,” Kent said. “The resolution of this issue is straight-forward because the Navy will leverage this inherent capability of the system to tune the catapult forces for these wing tank configurations. There is no impact to ongoing shipboard installation or shipboard testing and this will not delay any CVN 78 milestones,” Kent said.
EMALS允许我们做必须的微调，kent 说， 解决方案是直接的，海军将通过修改EMALS内部参数来修正副油箱场景下的弹射动力输出，这不会导致CVN78的栖装和随后的测试里程碑延误
On the USS Ford, the below-deck EMALS equipment has been installed. This consists of a series of transformers and rectifiers designed to convert and store electrical power through a series of motor generators before brining power to the launch motors on the catapults, Moore explained.
“By having this electrical pulse come down, you are pulling the aircraft down to the catapult to launch it. You can dial in the precise weight of the aircraft. As you accelerate the aircraft down the catapult, you can accelerate it to the precise speed it needs to launch,” Moore said.
Unlike steam catapults which use pressurized steam, a launch valve and a piston to catapult aircraft, EMALS uses a precisely determined amount of electrical energy. As a result, EMALS is designed to more smoothly launch aircraft while reducing stress and wear and tear on the airframes themselves, he added.
“By the time the aircraft gets to the catapult it is at the right speed. Minimizing stress on the airframe, over time, reduces maintenance,” Moore added.
On the ship, EMALS will be engineered such that any of the ship’s four catapults will be able to draw power from any one of three energy storage groups on the ship, he said.
– Kris Osborn can be reached at Kris.Osborn@military.com


Read more: http://defensetech.org/2015/03/3 ... anks/#ixzz3oAJGQoPS
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http://defensetech.org/2015/03/3 ... xternal-fuel-tanks/

The Navy plans to fix the software on its new carrier-based electromagnetic catapult system so that it can launching F/A-18s and Growlers carrying additional external fuel tanks under the wings, service officials said.
NAVY计划为全新的电磁弹射器打一个软件补丁，以让它能正常弹射挂载了翼下副油箱的超级虫

The changes will be finished on the Navy’s Electro Magnetic Aircraft Launch System, or EMALS, in time for operational testing aboard the Navy’s first Ford-class carrier — the USS Gerald R. Ford — in 2017, said Navy Cmdr. Thurraya Kent.
这个修正将会及时完成，在福特航母2017年的EMALS可用性测试之前，海军官员Thurraya Kent说

In April 2014, the Navy discovered an issue during testing at its facility in Lakehurst, N.J., that prevents the system from launching F/A-18 Super Hornets and EA-18 Growlers that are configured with external wing tanks, service officials said.
2014年4月，在lakehurst的地面测试中，海军发现了一个问题，问题发生在弹射带翼下副油箱的超虫和咆哮者的测试中

“The Navy understands the issue and will address it with a software modification well before any planned operational launch and recovery of aircraft.  The fix will only involve a software change and will be completed well before any planned operational launch and recovery of aircraft,” she said.
海军了解了这个问题，并着手在软件层面修补，修补会在实际的弹射-回收作业开始之前完成，修补仅仅限于软件层面

The external fuel tanks, positioned beneath the wings on the E/A-18G Growler electronic jamming aircraft and F/A-18s, add additional stress to the aircraft when launched by EMALS, an issue which could wind up shortening the operational life of the aircraft.
副油箱位于咆哮者和超级虫的翼下，在飞机被电磁弹射器弹射时，油箱带来了预料外的应力，这会缩短飞行器的使用寿命

The software updates are anticipated to begin by March of next year.
“No additional hardware or hardware changes to equipment already installed onboard CVN 78 are required, and there are no modifications required for any of the aircraft affected,” Kent explained.
预期在明年三月之前软件会被更新，“没有额外的硬件增加或者硬件修改，也不需要对飞行器做任何修改”，kent解释说

EMALS is a next-generation carrier-deck launch systems engineered to replace existing steam catapults and go on the services’ new Ford-class carriers.
The first EMALS system has been under construction for several years aboard the USS Gerald R. Ford, or CVN 78, the first in class of the new carriers expected to deliver to the Navy next year.
EMALS是下一代航母弹射系统，被部署于福特级航母.....

The USS Ford has been heavily criticized by lawmakers and government watchdog groups for cost overruns and delays with the new technologies. The ship is on track to come in under its congressionally-mandated cost cap of $12.9 billion.
福特号上新技术带来的超支和延误被立法者和政府审计部门严重关注。

“Two of the four catapults are completely built. The other two are almost built,” said Rear Adm. Thomas Moore, Program Executive Officer, Carriers.
四个弹射器中的两个已经被安装，另外两个也接近完成

The system is part of a new series of carrier-based technologies designed to significantly increase the sortie rate and engineer a tailorable catapult that can achieve the desired amount of power for a an aircraft’s dimensions and weight – all while reducing wear and tear on airframes.

“EMALS gives the Navy the flexibility to make adjustments based on aircraft weight and configuration to accommodate a wider range of aircraft, including lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles that cannot be launched with a steam catapult,” Kent said. “EMALS can be adjusted more optimally and rapidly than a steam catapult could accommodate, providing the Navy with the ability to increase sortie generation rate for our entire inventory of combat aircraft.”
（一堆综述懒得翻了）

Additional laboratory testing of the software glitches will be performed this year before control algorithms and fine-tuning can take place, Kent added.
额外的实验室测试将在今年进行，在新的控制律和相关微调被部署之前

“This will be followed by dead load launches, comparative steam catapult launches and aircraft launches at Lakehurst next fiscal year,” she said.
随之而来的是死重弹射测试，和蒸汽弹射的比对，以及明年在lakehurst的实机弹射测试

The fixes are designed to build upon how EMALS is engineered to adjust power and thrust depending upon the weight of the aircraft.  As a result, Navy officials say
the system can be adjusted to accommodate the aircraft loaded with extra fuel tanks under the wings.
补丁被用来配置EMALS基于飞行器重量调整推力输出，从而可以更好的适应翼下挂载副油箱的战机

“EMALS will allow us to do the fine-tuning as necessary,” Kent said. “The resolution of this issue is straight-forward because the Navy will leverage this inherent capability of the system to tune the catapult forces for these wing tank configurations. There is no impact to ongoing shipboard installation or shipboard testing and this will not delay any CVN 78 milestones,” Kent said.
EMALS允许我们做必须的微调，kent 说， 解决方案是直接的，海军将通过修改EMALS内部参数来修正副油箱场景下的弹射动力输出，这不会导致CVN78的栖装和随后的测试里程碑延误
On the USS Ford, the below-deck EMALS equipment has been installed. This consists of a series of transformers and rectifiers designed to convert and store electrical power through a series of motor generators before brining power to the launch motors on the catapults, Moore explained.
“By having this electrical pulse come down, you are pulling the aircraft down to the catapult to launch it. You can dial in the precise weight of the aircraft. As you accelerate the aircraft down the catapult, you can accelerate it to the precise speed it needs to launch,” Moore said.
Unlike steam catapults which use pressurized steam, a launch valve and a piston to catapult aircraft, EMALS uses a precisely determined amount of electrical energy. As a result, EMALS is designed to more smoothly launch aircraft while reducing stress and wear and tear on the airframes themselves, he added.
“By the time the aircraft gets to the catapult it is at the right speed. Minimizing stress on the airframe, over time, reduces maintenance,” Moore added.
On the ship, EMALS will be engineered such that any of the ship’s four catapults will be able to draw power from any one of three energy storage groups on the ship, he said.
– Kris Osborn can be reached at Kris.Osborn@military.com


Read more: http://defensetech.org/2015/03/3 ... anks/#ixzz3oAJGQoPS
Defense.org