最近BBC关于印度计划生育的集中报道

        我在BBC输入了India和sterilisation两个关键字，发现从本月11号开始的一系列关于印度计划政策的报道。下面是链接。
http://www.bbc.co.uk/search?q=In ... mp;sa_f=search-serp


        其中这篇报道“India's dark history of sterilisation”的前两段讲述了印度大规模实行“family planning”计划生育政策的缘由和时间。没想到印度从70年代中期就开始计划生育政策，比中国80年代才开始的计划生育政策还要早。至于文中所说的原因“为了获得世界银行贷款”，老实说我持怀疑态度。这种批判调调显得先入为主和傲慢。

        “The drive to sterilise began in the 1970s when, encouraged by loans amounting to tens of millions of dollars from the World Bank, the Swedish International Development Authority and the UN Population Fund, India embarked on an ambitious population control programme.”
        “During the 1975 Emergency - when civil liberties were suspended - Sanjay Gandhi, son of the former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, began what was described by many as a "gruesome campaign" to sterilise poor men. There were reports of police cordoning off villages and virtually dragging the men to surgery.”

        文中还用数据反映了印度的计划生育政策的规模，每年达数百万之多：
        “An astonishing 6.2 million Indian men were sterilised in just a year, which was "15 times the number of people sterilised by the Nazis", according to science journalist Mara Hvistendahl. Two thousand men died from botched operations.”
        “India carried out nearly 4 million sterilisations during 2013-2014, according to official figures. Less than 100,000 of these surgeries were done on men. More than 700 deaths were reported due to botched surgeries between 2009 and 2012. There were 356 reported cases of complications arising out of the surgeries.”
链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30040790


        而这篇文章“Why do Indian women go to sterilisation camps?”中有一副人口增长率变化图也反映了印度实行了计划生育政策之后的成效。从图片看印度的人口增长率虽然有所下降，但比较平缓。
另外印度主要是通过物质奖励的方式鼓励人们做手术。

“Over the years, the national - and state - governments have rewarded employees who have chosen sterilisation with more money or promotions.”
“And those refusing to undergo sterilisation or who had more than a certain number of children faced restrictions.”
“Paying people a cash incentive for sterilisation is against the law in many countries, but in India, state governments continue to legally pay some to undergo vasectomies and tubectomies.”
“Sometimes, campaigners say, the incentives are taken to bizarre heights. In 2011, authorities in Rajasthan offered many prizes - motorcycles, television sets, food blenders and even a chance to win India's cheapest car Tata Nano.”

        这也造成严重的后果，即那些印度妇女被丈夫逼着去做绝育手术以换取物质补贴，不管她们是否适合做手术。

        “Many women are forced by their husbands to undergo sterilisation for government incentives and benefits.”
链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29999883


        这篇文章“Indian media: Anger over sterilisation deaths”则讲到印度的计划生育政策是真·绝育政策，即直接切断输卵管“tubectomy”，也称之为结扎，而中国据我所知采取的生育环手术在摘取后不影响生育，至少副作用没有那么大。当然，那些被实施了手术的印度妇女并没有被告知这是有终生影响的。

        “Almost 98% of the sterilisations conducted last year were "tubectomies, that is, female sterilisation", the paper reports.”
链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30015925


        限于印度的医疗条件，绝育手术造成了很多问题，而正是最近的医疗事故成为了ＢＢＣ集中报道印度计划生育政策的开端。

“Indian botched sterilisations kill nine women in Chhattisgarh”
链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29999874
“India sterilisation: Police arrest drug factory owners”
链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30049221

        我在BBC输入了India和sterilisation两个关键字，发现从本月11号开始的一系列关于印度计划政策的报道。下面是链接。
http://www.bbc.co.uk/search?q=In ... mp;sa_f=search-serp


        其中这篇报道“India's dark history of sterilisation”的前两段讲述了印度大规模实行“family planning”计划生育政策的缘由和时间。没想到印度从70年代中期就开始计划生育政策，比中国80年代才开始的计划生育政策还要早。至于文中所说的原因“为了获得世界银行贷款”，老实说我持怀疑态度。这种批判调调显得先入为主和傲慢。

        “The drive to sterilise began in the 1970s when, encouraged by loans amounting to tens of millions of dollars from the World Bank, the Swedish International Development Authority and the UN Population Fund, India embarked on an ambitious population control programme.”
        “During the 1975 Emergency - when civil liberties were suspended - Sanjay Gandhi, son of the former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, began what was described by many as a "gruesome campaign" to sterilise poor men. There were reports of police cordoning off villages and virtually dragging the men to surgery.”

        文中还用数据反映了印度的计划生育政策的规模，每年达数百万之多：
        “An astonishing 6.2 million Indian men were sterilised in just a year, which was "15 times the number of people sterilised by the Nazis", according to science journalist Mara Hvistendahl. Two thousand men died from botched operations.”
        “India carried out nearly 4 million sterilisations during 2013-2014, according to official figures. Less than 100,000 of these surgeries were done on men. More than 700 deaths were reported due to botched surgeries between 2009 and 2012. There were 356 reported cases of complications arising out of the surgeries.”
链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30040790


        而这篇文章“Why do Indian women go to sterilisation camps?”中有一副人口增长率变化图也反映了印度实行了计划生育政策之后的成效。从图片看印度的人口增长率虽然有所下降，但比较平缓。
另外印度主要是通过物质奖励的方式鼓励人们做手术。

“Over the years, the national - and state - governments have rewarded employees who have chosen sterilisation with more money or promotions.”
“And those refusing to undergo sterilisation or who had more than a certain number of children faced restrictions.”
“Paying people a cash incentive for sterilisation is against the law in many countries, but in India, state governments continue to legally pay some to undergo vasectomies and tubectomies.”
“Sometimes, campaigners say, the incentives are taken to bizarre heights. In 2011, authorities in Rajasthan offered many prizes - motorcycles, television sets, food blenders and even a chance to win India's cheapest car Tata Nano.”

        这也造成严重的后果，即那些印度妇女被丈夫逼着去做绝育手术以换取物质补贴，不管她们是否适合做手术。

        “Many women are forced by their husbands to undergo sterilisation for government incentives and benefits.”
链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29999883


        这篇文章“Indian media: Anger over sterilisation deaths”则讲到印度的计划生育政策是真·绝育政策，即直接切断输卵管“tubectomy”，也称之为结扎，而中国据我所知采取的生育环手术在摘取后不影响生育，至少副作用没有那么大。当然，那些被实施了手术的印度妇女并没有被告知这是有终生影响的。

        “Almost 98% of the sterilisations conducted last year were "tubectomies, that is, female sterilisation", the paper reports.”
链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30015925


        限于印度的医疗条件，绝育手术造成了很多问题，而正是最近的医疗事故成为了ＢＢＣ集中报道印度计划生育政策的开端。

“Indian botched sterilisations kill nine women in Chhattisgarh”
链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29999874
“India sterilisation: Police arrest drug factory owners”
链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30049221