超级军网实地访谈装印度毛派如何用小米加步枪（真的）对抗万国牌 ...
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#印度毛派工农和政府的如火如荼的艰苦斗争#深受种性制度，地主制度，资本主义制度剥削的印度工农“贱民”是如何用小米加步枪去和印度权贵及其走狗的万国尖端武器斗智斗勇艰难开创保卫革命根据地？ 请听《黎明报》印度毛主义共产党中央军委委员巴萨瓦拉吉同志访谈 本文原载于@少年中国评论 十分感谢！
印度毛派游击队的武器极度落后
然而印度军警装备是万国牌尖端武器，武器先进，兵强马壮，拥有包括美国在内西方列强支持，财力雄厚，工业发达。而印度毛派是如何在他们残酷围剿下保卫根据地，坚持游击战争的呢？印度毛派是运用了毛泽东思想，结合印度的实际情况，发动饱受歧视和剥削的农民，工人，广受贫苦群众拥护，利用印度的好山好水，在广大山区密密的丛林中，在绿油油的稻田中，在破败的贫民窟中，和前来围剿印度军警周旋，揭穿了印度军警纸老虎的本质。
印共（毛）中央军事委员会负责人巴萨瓦拉吉同志访谈
本文原载于@少年中国评论
黑夜里的牛 翻译 本文为YCA翻译团队国际共运翻译计划的第一篇译文
2013-06-16 14:50 作者: sacanlee 浏览: 1,180 次 字号: 大 中 小
译者按：印度共产主义者的斗争正如火如荼地进行，他们对地主和资产阶级的打击不仅撼动了印度社会，还通过资产阶级媒体，以令人惊骇的方式警示着世界各地的剥削者。当代印度的共产主义运动主要是由信奉毛泽东思想的印度共产党（毛主义）领导。实际上，由于中国媒体时常报道印共（毛）和政府军的战斗，比如各大媒体最近就报道了毛派对国大党车队的袭击。所以关注时事的中国人，尤其是中国左翼，对他们并不十分陌生。不过，资产阶级媒体总是带着偏见去报道新闻的。中国媒体尤其如此，他们之所以报道毛派斗争无非是因为这一斗争发生在外国，而且毛主义的旗号令人称奇，颇具新闻价值。但中国的共产主义者们不能仅仅停留在称奇的阶段。对于一个与中国毗邻的人口大国正发生着的如此深刻的斗争，是必须要深入地了解研究，并向群众宣传的。正是为着这个目的，译者翻译了如下这篇印共毛中央军委的负责人巴萨瓦拉吉同志在去年八月为《黎明》杂志做的访谈。巴同志在访谈中详细阐述了印共毛对人民战争的理解和印共毛对“绿色搜捕”行动的应对，介绍了近十年来人民军队的建设成果和战绩，还对印共( 毛)九大提出的“发展人民解放游击军为人民解放军的展望”做了解释。全文内容丰富，颇值得一读。由于原文没有注释，这就使得不熟悉印度情况的同志读起来会有些困难，所以译者特地增加了不少注释和扩展阅读的链接，希望能够帮助大家相对全面地了解情况。
此外，想要告诉读者朋友的是，在翻译的过程中，译者被印度毛派和革命群众的斗争深深地震撼了。一方面，印度共产主义者的牺牲精神让我们感到惭愧。尽管同样都号称是为理想而奋斗着，但我们在咖啡馆喝茶在网络上聊天抱怨生活无聊的时候，他们——印度的毛派战士们——却在丛林里浴血奋战，每一次行动都有可能会失去生命。我们应该认真思考自己究竟能为运动做些什么了。另一方面，我们又不得不惊叹印度人民群众伟大的创造力和革命勇气。不断壮大的群众组织和人民军队鼓舞了处于低潮期的全球社会主义运动，也证明了马克思主义学说的无限力量。作为全世界无产阶级革命大军“中国支队”的战友，让我们衷心祝愿印共（毛）的同志们能早日完成九大提出的战略目标，为实现解放全印度奠定基础。
印度共产党（毛主义）中央军事委员会负责人巴萨瓦拉吉同志访谈
* 巴萨瓦拉吉(Basavaraj）为印共毛中央委员南巴拉·克萨瓦·拉奥（Namballa Kesava Rao）的化名，负责军队工作
* 《黎明》（Pahat，Dawn, 印共毛马哈拉施特拉邦委员会机关报）进行了此次访谈
毛派影响的区域(2011年数据)
问：曼莫汗（即印度总理辛格——译者注）说毛主义者是国家最大的内部安全威胁。毛主义者则说他们在发动人民战争。你如何定义人民战争呢？
BR ：一些民主人士已经多次回答过这个问题了。我们要为这个问题找到一个答案，就必须探究曼莫汗·辛格总理之所以宣称毛主义者是国家最大的威胁的原因。毛主义者为了我国工人和农民等被压迫群众的利益，为了一个民主的经济体系，以保证人口的80%能拥有政治权利和自力更生，为了国家主权和保护我们国家的自然资源而战斗，怎么能把毛主义者称为国家安全的最大威胁呢？
2006年，他第一次宣布左翼极端主义者为国家内部安全的最大威胁。仅仅在这之前不久的2004年9月21日，印度共产党(马列)[人民战争和印度毛派共产主义中心（MCCI，全称Maoist Communist Center of India—译者注）这两个在印度革命运动中长期独立行动的革命政党汇流了。于是出现了印度共产党（毛泽东主义）。人民游击军和人民解放游击军合并为新的“人民解放游击军”。而在那时，恰蒂斯加尔邦、贾坎德邦、奥里萨邦、西孟加拉邦、马哈拉施特拉邦、安得拉邦等一些邦的邦政府已经跟若干公司签订了备忘录，让这些属于官僚买办资产阶级和帝国主义者的公司在阿迪瓦西人（Adivasi，印度的一个土著民族——译者注）地区掠夺矿藏和自然资源。像塔塔、埃萨、京德勒、 韦丹塔、 Jayaswal Neco这样的公司迅速渗透到这一地区。而由大会党领导的统一进步联盟，人民党、印共和印共（马）领导的全国民主联盟这样的买办统治阶级政党，以及其他地方性政党对这些公司唯命是从。为了换得价值数千万卢比的回扣，他们不仅毫不犹豫地把国家财富，甚至是国家主权抵押出去。2008年以来全世界都爆发了严重经济危机，在这一背景下，在落后国家开采自然资源的剧烈竞争开始了。资产阶级经济学家自己都宣称这次的危机非常深刻，超过了二十世纪三十年代的经济危机。因此，帝国主义者和公司都试图更猖獗地掠夺我国的自然资源。但是印度人民反对这种掠夺，因为允许这种彻底的剥削，会使水-森林-土地（Jal-Jungle-Zameen，英文为water, forest, land，是纳萨尔派使用的战斗口号——译者注）受到破坏，让数百万人遭到拆迁，却绝不会造成这个国家的统治者们所宣称的“发展”。我们要求水-森林-土地（Jal-Jungle-Zameen）必须属于阿德瓦西人。印共（毛）站在抵抗人民斗争的最前线。结果，价值数万亿卢比的备忘录未能得以实施。在一些地方，采矿陷入停顿。人民在驱逐矿业黑手党。一些重工业也停止了运转。数个大坝的建设停止了。而正因为如此，企业公司和他们的帝国主义主子，特别是美帝国主义就怒了。
塔塔集团的铁矿。周边的阿德瓦西人被拆迁，但只有很少一部分被塔塔雇佣。
因此一方面，反对剥削统治阶级虚伪发展的人民，和党领导的包括丹达卡冉亚和比哈尔-恰尔肯德等革命运动较强的邦在内的我国各地区革命群众，正在组织初级水平的革命民主政治机构。革命人民委员会（PRC）提出的替代发展模式。这一模式由被压迫群众建设，通过摧毁封建地主和其他反革命势力的力量，正给封建地主和官僚买办资产阶级当前的政治权力带来了严重挑战。
正是由于这个原因，从2004年到2008年，印度买办统治阶级试图猛烈地清除革命运动，在贾坎德邦通过像Sendra和Nagrik Suraksha Samiti这样的反革命宣传、组织和私人武装，在比哈尔邦通过各种封建武装和反革命组织，在丹达卡冉亚（属于恰蒂斯加尔邦——译者注）通过Salwa Judum（此为邦政府支持和训练的民兵组织——译者注），在西孟加拉邦通过社会法西斯主义的Harmad Bahini （印共马 专门为镇压毛派而非法组建的民兵组织，意为雇佣打手——译者注）[1]和属于崔纳木国大党[2]（作为国大党同盟的民粹主义政党——译者注）的Bhairav Bahini(崔纳木国大党组织的右翼民兵组织——译者注)，而在Narayanapatna (奥里萨邦的一个区——译者注)地区通过Santi委员会。自2009年起，他们发动了绿色搜捕（Green Hunt,这一术语是印度媒体使用的，指的是印度政府在红色走廊使用准军事部队对毛派的进攻——译者注)行动。这一行动目前已经处于第二阶段了。这一反革命行动日益激烈，而且采取了最残忍的法西斯主义形式。2003年，13个革命积极分子被屠杀于贾坎德邦东新奔(East Singhbhum)县[3]的隆哥（Longo）村；在2005年到2008年的Salwa Judum白色恐怖时期，近千阿迪瓦西人遭到屠杀，664个村子被以为平底，丹德瓦达(Dantewada)、比拉斯布尔（Bijapur ）和巴斯塔(Bastar )三个县有共六万阿迪瓦西人被拆迁（正是这一组织的残忍行为导致了今年五月毛派对国大党军队的伏击，该组织的领导人享德拉·卡玛也被当场打死[4]。——译者注）；若干秘密的谋杀，包括2005年二月在北特仑甘纳(North Telangana)的尼扎马巴德（Nizamabad）县的Manala 秘密行动中杀害的十名革命积极分子，2006年11月在安得拉邦的Badwel 秘密行动中杀害了9名革命积极分子；2008年二月在贾坎德邦的东新奔县的Bhitar Amda秘密行动中对九名革命积极分子进行的屠杀；2010年三月在Kanchal （丹达卡冉亚的比贾布尔县）秘密行动屠杀了十八名革命积极分子；作为2009年发动的绿色搜捕行动（OGH）的一部分——在比卡内尔（Lalgarh ）地区屠杀了近130名阿德瓦西人；在丹达卡冉亚屠杀超过250名阿德瓦西人；2010年一月在Phulwaria Kodasi (扎穆伊县，比哈尔邦)屠杀了八名革命积极分子；九月在同一个县的恒河岸边有十名革命积极分子遭到屠杀和毒害；2012年6月28日在切蒂斯格尔邦的比贾布尔县的“Basaguda-Sarkinguda”发生了最近的屠杀一次二十人的屠杀——所有这数十起屠杀都是印度统治阶级以清除内部威胁的名义，对人民发动战争的无可辩驳的证据。
值得大家注意的情况是，绿色搜捕行动（OGH）并不是只限制在毛主义运动的地区。任何证明对公司企业劫掠构成障碍的人和组织，都将被视为这一行动的敌人。其目的是把由西孟加拉邦、贾肯德邦、比哈尔邦、奥里萨邦、恰蒂斯加尔邦、安得拉邦和马哈拉施特拉邦构成的广大区域，从所谓的“红色走廊”转变为“公司走廊”，并且抹掉所有被认为是障碍的人。这就是为什么我国一些民主人士把绿色搜捕行动（OGH）说成是“对人民的战争”。很明显，人民战争就是对绿色搜捕行动或者“对人民的战争”的回应。这就意味着我们必须协调争取人民政治权利的群众斗争和武装斗争的关系，使人民懂得人民战争只是为了人民的利益才发动的，让人民展示出自己的创造力和勇气，以此给出回应。只有通过人民战争才有可能阻止和击败绿色搜捕行动（OGH），别无他途。
这就是为什么我们把人民战争定义为所有那些被OGH作为打击目标的阶级和人群，在无产阶级政党的领导下团结起来战斗，反对公司企业，以及对这些公司唯命是从的封建和官僚买办资产统治阶级。如果人民战争要达成其目标，毛主义者的原则主张，“‘武装斗争’是斗争的首要形式，而人民军队是组织的首要形式。”所以，党领导下的人民解放游击军在游击区发动的游击战争和战略地区的红色抵抗区在人民战争中扮演了突出的角色。如果没强大的群众基础，要发动游击战争是不可能的。因此，我们要唤醒那些在帝国主义者、官僚买办资产阶级、大地主脚下被碾碎了的被压迫群众，建设以工农联盟为基础，包括小资产阶级和民族资产阶级在内的四个阶级构成的统一战线。我们采取合法-非法，武装-非武装的群众斗争，就日常问题，政治和权利问题以公开和秘密的方式开展斗争。被压迫群众正以各种方式开展斗争。我们党致力于确保所有这些斗争是为了反对共同的敌人而发动，并协调其与通过推翻剥削统治阶级统治以获得政治权力的军事斗争之间的关系。
问题2：政府正运用低强度冲突（LIC）策略来打击毛主义者的起义。对于政府的这一策略，您的回答是什么？
BR： 印度统治阶级正使用美帝国主义传授的低强度冲突 (Low Intensity Conflict)的策略，集中全部国家机器来清除我们党领导的革命运动。这是事实。所有正在反抗着国家暴力的民主人士都知道这个事实。低强度冲突（LIC)不过是封建政治法则的帝国主义新殖民主义形式，它宣称所有的敌人都必须用各种办法——深思熟虑、诱惑、分割和黏着——加以摧毁。在这之中，毫无正义可言。它的目标就是清除敌人（对统治阶级来说，敌人就意味着毛主义者，即那些代表工人农民、中间阶级和民族资产阶级的人）。美帝国主义制定的低强度冲突策略是当前镇压反叛的理论。
低烈度冲突是帝国主义制定并运用的反革命理论，特别被美帝国主义用来反对二战后全世界殖民地半殖民地国家的被压迫民族和被压迫群众的斗争。二战后，帝国主义从抵抗革命所遭受的失败中取得了教训——法国帝国主义在印度支那和阿尔及利亚；英国帝国主义者在巴勒斯坦、塞浦路斯和马来西亚；美帝国主义在印度支那，特别是在越南——于是就制定了反革命作战方法，比如低强度冲突策略，以对抗长期的人民战争和民族解放运动。这一策略把人民从取得政治动员和在革命组织的领导之下的团结，发动武装斗争的方向引开。换句话说，低强度冲突的目的就是要摧毁正义的革命斗争，镇压作为革命战争基础和支持者的人民，让他们投降。这一策略正公开地和秘密地；直接地和间接的，用军事的和非军事的方法，以欺骗性的方式在政治、意识形态、组织、军事、军事以及文化领域实施，而且有着中期和长期计划。帝国主义和作为其忠实听差的的印度统治阶级是不会停止阴谋诡计的。这就是为什么我们说它是最骗人、反革命、残暴和破坏性的政策。
在二战中，帝国主义相当程度地虚弱了。对殖民地非直接的统治取代了直接的统治，新殖民主义取代殖民主义，成为了普遍的特征。甚至在半殖民地完成反封建民主革命和反帝国主义的民族民主革命胜利之前，那些与帝国主义者相勾结，作为他们的忠实走狗，披着民族独立的外衣攫取了权力的地方大地主和官僚买办们执行着独裁统治，作为新殖民主义剥削的基础尽责尽责。同时，毛主义和长期人民战争分别作为马克思列宁主义的新阶段和殖民地半殖民地解放道路取得了全世界无产阶级和被压迫群众的认同。随着苏联解体并从半超级大国的位置上跌落下来，美国就成为世界警察和被压迫民族、人民和革命运动的头号敌人。由于世界资本主义体系继续面临危机，而包括新自由主义经济政策在内的所有措施都失败了，资本主义就陷入一个全世界范围的剧烈危机。半殖民地封建社会的独立、主权和民主就暴露出其虚假性，而这些国家统治者也暴露为一群帝国主义的买办和傀儡，暴露为人民的压迫者，暴露为民主、进步、自由、主权和独立自主的大敌，暴露为所有群众运动的主要障碍。很久之前，一些国家的毛主义政党就采取长期人民战争（Protracted People’s War）的道路，建设人民军队，发动游击战争了。正在是这种背景下，低强度冲突（LIC）才制定出来，作为帝国主义继续他们新自由主义剥削和压服任何类型的反帝国主义运动、革命运动和民族解放反抗的多管齐下的策略。
战争是美国经济的基础。只有靠着卖武器、军事相关的科技、战机、无人机和战争物资，美国经济才能存活。只要战争一停止，美国经济就垮了。在所有实施LIC策略的国家，帝国主义正在迅速地把经济、政治、文化、公民、管理、法律和军事部门和机构转变为法西斯主义的机构。作为这一过程的组成部分，我们国家的统治阶级正迅速地大规模地组织特警，准军事部队和军事部队，其邪恶意图是要瓦解我们国家的人民战争，克什米尔和东北部地区的正义的民族解放运动，并使人民屈服。他们正在中央和各个州都建设特殊情报部门。整个市政—军事部门都集中于中央控制之下。他们正大规模地实施心理战，将人民从基本问题和解决这些问题的基本革命运动方面引开，把他们推向虚假的发展和和平。他们使用特殊的力量，以镇压叛乱行动的名义，实施不人道的屠杀和破坏。心理战也同样猛烈地执行着。当这些战争和行动正在广泛和猛烈地进行地时候，国内独裁和帝国主义的控制也在同样的程度上增长着。由此，对被压迫民族和群众的剥削压迫也就在同样的程度上增长着。另一方面，世界资本主义激化的政治和经济危机正动摇着我国的各个方面。我们国家正日益落入帝国主义之手，比以往任何时候都更迅速地恶化。由于印度统治阶级从1991年以来，从国际货币基金组织、世界银行、亚洲开发银行等帝国主义机构结构借了数十亿美元的外债，我们国家的经济正临近崩溃。正因为这个原因，印尼、阿根廷、乌拉圭、墨西哥和秘鲁等国家的经济陷入了债务危机，由于中小工业的破产、失业、购买力的下降和物价上升而崩溃。我们国家重复这一经历。尽管知道这一点，我国帝国主义和买办统治者的智库们却正在宣传印度将在2030年成为超级大国。他们正试图让我国成为中国的初级竞争对手。帝国主义者的数十亿美金滚滚而来，就为了让心理学家建立心控术手册，对人民发动心理战，和谐他们的心智，比如说，让他们相信一个正陷入危机的国家会发展成为超级大国。实际上，除了亿万富翁百万富翁，普通群众都受到剧烈经济危机带来的强烈影响。由此，所有的社会矛盾和主要的基础性的矛盾一起，都激化了。与帝国主义和买办统治者对LIC策略的期望相反，我们印共（毛）领导的人民战争正曲折地发展着，其发展方式证明LIC策略一定最终会被击败，而人民的胜利却是不可避免的。尽管民族运动也正面临曲折，但他们也一直在发展。所有这些都在证明，通过长期人民战争击败LIC是可能的。
我们党的中央委员会详细地讨论过帝国主义的LIC策略，并在2008年12月制定了反击并最终击败它的策略。我们相信，如那个策略中提到的，通过专注于意识形态、政治的、经济的、文化的和军事事务，我们是能够击败它的。
为此起见，我们在党的政治路线和军事策略的问题上是坚定的，因为这一路线和策略会让我们的革命运动在长期人民战争的道路上继续前进。在策略问题上，我们又是灵活的。我们努力在阶级斗争中广泛地发动被压迫群众，传授马列毛主义，好让亿万劳动人民在人民战争中发挥积极的作用。我们在强化反对改良主义、经济主义、修正主义、甘地和平、后现代、虚假民族和独立等被证明是这一过程障碍的思想的斗争，并说服人民接受我们的理解。
我们正努力发展和巩固我们的群众基础。我们坚定地坚持阶级路线和群众路线，努力对群众进行政治动员，使他们参加到人民战争中来。我们努力通过动员被压迫阶级和阶层的群众，建设一个广泛的反帝反封建的统一战线。通过扩张和加强战争以扩展人民战争到全国各地，我们使用这样的观点工作着。我们党努力通过革命宣传来回击剥削统治阶级的大规模心理战和龌蹉的宣传。而这种心理战和宣传正是试图摧毁毛主义人民战争的LIC的一部分。关于革命运动的事实不时地会摆在人民面前。
纳萨尔派指挥官在土著部落群众集会上讲话
问题3：政府拥有现代科技。政府有卫星，无人驾驶飞机，卫星定位系统，现代电信和通讯控制作战室，在不远的将来，还会使用机器人。你们会怎样反击这些高科技敌人呢？
BR：1956年7月14日，毛泽东同志在他与两名拉丁美洲公共人士谈话中说：
“现在美帝国主义很强，不是真的强。它政治上很弱，因为它脱离广大人民，大家都不喜欢它，美国人民也不喜欢它。外表很强，实际上不可怕，纸老虎。外表是个老虎，但是，是纸的，经不起风吹雨打。我看美国就是个纸老虎。
….. 我们说美帝国主义是纸老虎，是从战略上来说的。从整体上来说，要轻视它。从每一局部来说，要重视它。它有爪有牙。要解决它，就要一个一个地来。比如它有十个牙齿，第一次敲掉一个，它还有九个，再敲掉一个，它还有八个。牙齿敲完了，它还有爪子。
….. 美国现在还有力量，每年产一亿多吨钢，到处打人。因此还要跟它作斗争，要用力斗，一个阵地一个阵地地争夺。这就需要时间。”
——《帝国主义是纸老虎》，《毛泽东选集》第五卷
我们从伟大导师毛泽东的上述话语中能懂得些什么呢？我们懂得，不是现代科学技术决定战争结果，人的意识作用才是决定性的因素。无论敌人多么强大，只要他们是反动的反人民的，当他们把非正义的战争强加到人民头上而面对着人民的怒火的时候，他们在政治上就会变得非常虚弱。人民反对敌人，其中的90%会联合起来，团结力量，击败敌人。显然，印度政府拥有非常强大的国家机器，而且他的牙齿比以往任何时候都与日俱增。他们从帝国主义，特别是美帝国主义那里，获得了大量的支持和援助。所以我们也懂得，推翻印度政府是不容易的。在这种情况下，我们必须要思考为什么当时拥有高科技的美国，却也在数次侵略战争中面临失败。1965-1970年，美国在越南战争遭到致命打击。然而，那时的革命和民族解放斗争在五十年代以前得到了社会主义阵营的帮助，后来又得到中国的帮助，一直到1976年。尽管现在没有任何社会主义国家，亚非拉国家的民族解放斗争，阿拉伯人民反对专制统治的潮涌，帝国主义国家大规模发展着的工人阶级斗争，还有一些国家的伊斯兰游击队反对英美这样的帝国主义的武装斗争，却让帝国主义不能安眠。因此，在过去的十年间，美国领导的北约部队不得不从伊拉克撤出。他们还准备在未来两年内从阿富汗撤军。之所有这么做，无非是因为他们违背人民的意志诉诸侵略战争，实施屠杀，通过剥削压迫把人民推向街道。所以，尽管现在一个社会主义国家也没有，大好革命形势也正在全世界发展。如果我可以灵巧地利用这一形势，革命力量会有充足的机会胜利地发展。
只要印度统治阶级继续对人民的战争，进行剥削压迫和对无辜的人民实施屠杀，他们就不可能在战争中获胜，无论他们多强大，无论他们拥有多少现代武器。他们不可能把人民争取到他们那边。然而，我们在这种情况下不能忘记，就战争中的手段来说敌人是强大的。我们党把这一事实，以及其他类似的事实铭记在心，走长期人民战争的道路，在半殖民地半封建的印度赢得革命的胜利。我们沿着长期人民战争这条最终会推翻敌人的道路，一点一点破坏，在解放乡村之后包围城市，并最终推翻敌人。事实上，GPS系统，无人驾驶飞机，直升机、强大的扫描机和其他现代科技并不像敌人所宣传的那样强大。借此机会我们要指出的另一个事情，那就是任何武器都有对抗它的方法。这是马克思主义教会我们的一个基本思想。在剑术中，盾是为了防御剑而创造出来的。在拳击中，为了防御击打，才发明了抵挡防守术。防御行动是为了防守敌人的进攻行动才制定出来的。发明鱼类是为了摧毁战列舰。为了打击战机和直升机，高射炮才被引入战场。美国军事专家最近自己都声称，现在被称为非常强大的无人驾驶飞机，有可能被“电子欺骗技术”引得偏移航道。最近，伊朗情报人员就使用这种技术，让美国一架监视无人驾驶飞机降落在他们的国土上并俘获了它。任何学过军事科学的人都不会害怕武器。毛泽东思想作为二十世纪的无产阶级军事科学而闻名，而特别地，我们党是以毛泽东思想武装起来的党，所以从不会害怕。历史已经多次证明，对于反动派使用的任何策略，人民都有能力使用反制措施。当二战中法西斯主义者希特勒占领苏俄的时候，苏联人民团结一致，通过革命群众和共产主义者的牺牲，赶走了希特勒的军队。对自己拥有最现代的原子弹感到傲慢的美帝国主义，并没有在击败希特勒的过程中发挥决定性作用。这就是为什么我们说——在人民战争中起决定性作用的不是科技而是人。敌人的现代技术或者在人民的洪流中被摧毁，或者被化解。当人民带着革命精神参与到人民战争中，工农和其他被压迫群众会在党的领导下使用现代科技，创造性地制定新策略，令人惊叹地对付敌人。他们会有能力反击敌人使用的反动手段，保卫革命运动并击败敌人。
人民解放游击军已经坚定地执行毛主义游击战原则（秘密、速度和决心），来反击帝国主义和他们走狗所拥有的现代技术。人民解放游击军部队必须一直运动，以敌人最难以想象的方式运动，让他们的现代技术失效。最近，帝国主义和他们的走狗增加了对无人驾驶飞机的使用。尽管他们宣称美国总统奥巴马自己监督其在阿富汗的行动，但数百普通人仍在这些攻击中死去，人们通过这一事实就能懂得这场战争到底是向谁发动的。需要发动群众运动来反对在我国也使用无人机。通过在政治上团结人民，我们有信心能够打败强大的敌人。
问题4，去年，人民解放游击军的第十个年头结束了。请讲解下人民解放在这十年见所取得的成功。
BR： 到2010年12月2日，人民解放游击军已经完成了其十年的形成期。在这十年里，人民解放军的成立已经被证明是一个历史性的事件。印度历史上从未建立过这样的人民军队。在这一时期，依靠党领导的以工农联盟为基础，团结小资产阶级和民族资产阶级的群众基础，人民解放游击军发展了。作为国际共产主义红军的一个支队，印共（毛）领导的人民解放游击军正努力取得世界革命的胜利，以及作为其组成部分的新民主主义革命的胜利。在这十年中人民解放游击军取得了许多胜利，也逐渐发展着为了完成其历史使命所需要的能力。人民解放游击军所取得的成就如下：
●成立了中央，邦/特别地区/特别区 军事委员会，分区/师/区，地区级指挥部;潘查雅特和地区级的人民民兵指挥部
●人民解放游击军形成了三级结构，由主力部队、辅助部队和基层部队三支以相互依赖的方式运作的部队构成。
●作为人民解放游击军新兵长期来源的民兵组织的发展
●协调人民战争与群众斗争的关系。人民解放游击军支持群众斗争和群众运动。比如，人民解放游击军支持西孟加拉邦的辛古（Singur）[5]，南迪格莱姆（Nandigram）[6] 和比卡内尔（Lalgarh） [7]的斗争；奥里萨邦的Narayanapatna[8]、卡林加纳加（Kalinganagar ）[9]和其他的斗争；安得拉邦的反对铝土矿（开采）的斗争[10]；马哈拉施特拉邦的苏姜格阿尔(Surjagarh)的反对开矿的斗争；恰尔肯德邦的各种反开矿斗争；蒂斯格尔邦的罗汉迪古答（Lohandiguda）[11]、Raoghat[12]、Pallemadi和Bodhghat 等地的反拆迁斗争。
●人民解放游击军在1992年12月2日成立的时候还处于萌芽状态，慢慢地扩张发展到了连和营级。教育、医疗、技术、通信、补给、情报、指导团队和警卫单位也随着人民解放游击军一起扩大。人民解放游击军正在向着人民解放军（正规军队）发展。
●进行了数十次战役，像Kalimela[13]，Srisailam-Sundipenta, Garhwa, Jagpura, Balagunj, Yellamanda, Uppalada, Barah, Ladipur-Sahugunj, Chandrapura, Saranda-1, Japla, Koraput, Saranda-2, Giridih, Jehanabad, R. Udayagiri, NMDC, Ranibodili, Bokaro, Kiriburu, Goelkera, Nayagarh, Jhajha, Lakhisarai, Urpalmetta, Tadimetla-1, Tonguda, Battiguda, Markanar, Tavvetola, Madanveda, Laheri, Mukaram-Tadimetla-2, Kongera, Kajara, Mamayil, Saranda抵抗(2010)，这些战役是数百次战术反攻的一部分——敌人的一些战役性进攻被击败了。并且消灭了2000士兵，俘获2500件武器以及超过十万套弹药。数以百计的地主、民贼、反动分子、敌特、告密者和各种私人军队[14]如Salwa Judum[15], Sendra, Nagrik Suraksha Samiti, Bhumi Sena[16]等, 社会法西斯主义者Harmad Vahihi(对“印共马的干部”的侮辱性说法——译者注)，Santi Sena歹徒，流氓头子和各种资产阶级和修正主义政党的残酷政治领导人都被消灭了。
●在敌人的政治权力已经被摧毁的战略地区，人民解放游击军是建设潘查雅特级、地区级和区级革命人民委员会的法宝。
●人民解放游击军是完成政治、组织、宣传、防御和生产任务的首要机构。
●印度的红军支队——人民解放游击军是我国和全世界被压迫镇压群众和民族的一线希望。
●唤醒了妇女。妇女能顶半边天。在政治、组织、军事、文化和其他领域发展她们，使她们能够在斗争中能够贡献自己的一份力量。帮助劳动阶级妇女取得自立。
革命武装力量
毛派缴获的现代武器
问题5：如果警察和准军事部队未能成功回击毛派，政府准备部署军队。你们会如何反击军队呢？
BR:我们会如何反击军队，这取决于印度军队部署到我们的地区来的目的。实际上，国家机器由军事力量（军队，准军事部队，特殊和警察部队）、司法系统、监狱、和管理国家事务的官僚机构构成。国家机器的主要组成部分就是它的军事武装力量。所以，军队属于国家。世界上没有不属于国家的军队。但是是哪种国家呢？当前的印度国家机器作为服务于帝国主义的官僚买办和大地主统治阶级的机构，是阶级压迫和阶级剥削的工具。因此，印度军队作为英帝国主义留给了印度买办政府的遗产，也同样是反革命的。
根据印度宪法，印度军队的主要任务保卫国家边境，防御其他国家侵略，以及在发生自然灾害时为人民服务。但印度政府却多次怂恿自己的军队对付自己的人民。一名军方官员曾指出一个事实，那就是印度军队参与的边境战斗仅仅143天。以所谓内部安全的名义，军队为了统治阶级的利益，以“从尼扎姆(Nizam,1793—1950年间统治印度海得拉巴的土邦君主的称号—译者注)统治下解放”为托词，第一次对特伦甘纳（Telangana ）人民反动了战争（从1948年九月到1951年10月）[17]。后来，军队占领了东北部邦和克什米尔。在1971年七月，军队对邦比尔普姆（Birbhum ）革命群众展开镇压性攻击。类似地，在1991年，他们完全使用印度军队，以训练为名来对抗旁遮普（Punjab ）人民的意愿。在这些残酷的镇压战役中——在东北部有三万人，在克什米尔有八万人，在旁遮普有一万人，在特伦甘纳武装反抗（1946-51）中有五万人，以及在邦比尔普姆有200名群众和活动家遭到屠杀。如果我们加上自纳萨尔巴里（Naxalbari ）和维兹亚那格兰（Srikakulam）至今遭到准军事部队、警察和别动队屠杀的13000人，那就有超过十数万人遭到政府武装力量的杀戮。数十万群众遭到虐待，被关进了监狱。人民价值数千万卢布的财产被抢劫和摧毁。数以千计的年轻人失踪。所有这些暴行表明什么呢？难道还没有证明军队、准军事部队和警察部队为了这些卖国的剥削统治阶级的利益，为了帝国主义的超额利润，毫不犹豫地屠杀人民吗？难道他们没有执行政府宣布的残忍、暴力和杀人不眨眼的政策吗？这些部队永远都不会放弃这些政策。
最近，为了清除毛主义运动，印度军队在2011年年末就以训练的名义，逐步进入到毛派运动强大的丹达卡冉亚的一些地区。我们可以想象结果会如何。把有丰富自然财富的Maad山拱手让给帝国主义者和企业公司，特别是要占领世界上最古老的阿德瓦西（Adivasi ）社区——马瑞亚阿德瓦西(the Mariya Adivasis)——居住的面积达750 平方公里的Maad 山区，目标就是要把他们拆迁走。我们党在丹达卡冉亚地区沿着革命路线发展各种阿德瓦西社区。所以除此之外，消灭我们党和我们党的领导人员也是背后另外一个重要目标。因此，印度就不仅仅反人民，而且还是反动派。毛泽东主义向我们阐明了，甚至这样一个反动的印度军队，都可以通过长期人民战争击败。在这方面，中国和越南人民战争的历史是毫无争议的例子。
敌人正实施进攻，目标是要在3到7年内消灭革命运动。我们的目标是要尽量延长这一过程，由此把印度军队拖入一场以任何方式都无法胜利的长期战争。印度军队还没有从对东北部和克什米尔民族斗争的镇压行动中抽出身来。在某种程度上，这些镇压行动已经陷入战争很长时间了。我们要加强各个游击区的游击战争并开辟新的游击区，把印度军队推向无法集中力量的境地。通过把人民日常斗争，政治经济权利运动与游击战争结合起来，以武装和非武装的战斗方式开展这些斗争，我们要把游击战发展为一场敌人不可能消灭的不可战胜的战争。
对人民来说，拆迁目前是一件重要的生死攸关的事情。人民正在与印度剥削统治阶级的拆迁政策做斗争。我们党，人民解放游击军、革命群众组织，革命Janatana Sarkars[18]和人民民兵组织必须与这些人进一步结合。他们必须像鱼和水一样结合。一开始就必须把这些斗争转变为军事斗争，他们才能强力地反击来镇压反抗的军队和警察部队。
武装部队特殊权力法案（AFSPA，可以理解为反恐法案或者镇压法案——译者注）[19]一经生效，部署军队就随之被部署，并在扫荡措施如屠杀平民，失踪、逮捕、对妇女施暴、夷平村庄，掠夺人民财产，破坏，假遭遇战致死等中增加使用，在军队的历史中自始至终都可以见到这一结果。所以，我们必须大规模地动员群众反对AFSPA。我们必须动员所有可以集合在“印度军队回去”这一口号下的力量，形成一个广泛的统一战线以孤立敌人。必须广泛地动员群众去反对假遭遇战，以及要求把死者的实体移交给其家属。必须开始群众的抵抗斗争。必须开展争取公民权的人民运动。只有当我们把人民运动发展为军事抵抗斗争的时候，才能给人民战争带来根本性的变化。
按照作为低烈度冲突政策一部分的“赢得人心”的战术，敌人在实施作为“发展活动-警察行动”一部分的“融合行动计划（Integrated Action Plan）”。他们给于建设道路、电力和通讯，而不是灌溉这样的必需品以更多的重要性。准军事部队官员，甚至军队官员最近到丹达卡冉亚来，在村里实施非军事行动计划。他们跟人民开会。为了欺骗人民，军队史无前例地做义务劳动。他们以在学校里给学生讲授爱国课程为名，口吐反毛毒液。这些改革的目的就是要从人民中分出一个群人，让他们转变为村子里的一个阶层，然后把他们当做镇压运动的主要手段来使用。我们必须在人民中揭露这些改革的虚伪性。我们必须让人民懂得，他们的基本问题不会通过这些改革所解决，只有推翻这个剥削制度建立新民主主义政权才是解决办法。
毛泽东同志反复教导我们说，只有“以群众为基础的人民战争才能取得胜利”。在革命政党和人民军队的鼓舞下，人民不再忍受统治阶级及其雇佣军的剥削、压迫和镇压，大规模地加入反抗战争中，这在俄国、中国、越南的革命运动和各民族解放运动中都可以见到。人民的反抗是人民军队力量的持续来源。如果人民军队要扩大到数千数万的成员，那就必须大规模发展人民反抗斗争。比卡内尔（Lalgarh ）和Narayanapatna这样的斗争已经在我们面前树立了理想的典范。
要打败印度军队，首要的是要研究它政治上的虚弱。
显然，印度军队打的所有这些仗都无非是为了印度剥削阶级的剥削、镇压和统治利益的战争。它的反人民的本性已经通过战争暴露出来。所以，它就不会得到人民的支持。这是他政治上的主要虚弱之处。
虽然印度军队所有的士兵都是从人民中招募的，但一个巨大的矛盾是，他们为剥削阶级而不是为他们自己阶级利益效力。这就意味着他们在为一个自己不属于的阶级服务。由于这一矛盾，他们的本性就是雇佣性的，而不是带着献身精神工作。这就是部队中发生自杀和逃跑的原因。类似的，各个进步运动、革命运动和民族解放运动的影响会一直打击他们。军队中一直存在着起义的可能，就像个俄国和中国所发生过的那样；当意识到他们的压迫阶级所遭受的剥削、压迫和镇压之后，他们会加入到革命人民军队和民族解放军队中来。这是印度军队最大的弱点，虽然印度统治阶级宣称军队强大。由于其雇佣军的性质，军队会策略性地不愿勇敢作战。他们不能应付为了人民利益而战的人民军队和赢得战略胜利。
印度军队没有多少游击战和反游击战经验。他们从游击战争，从作为镇压民族斗争，旁遮普人民斗争以及支持泰米尔独立猛虎解放组织的侵略战争的组成部分的反游击战中得到的经验很有限。在泰米尔独立猛虎解放组织的战争中，印度军队遭受了致命打击。
印度军队对其在猛虎解放组织战争中所遭到的失败进行了反思，结果是认为原因是因为没有强有力的情报系统。实际上，一支诉诸于对人民发动进攻的军队，比如反人民军队，是很难建立强大的人力情报系统的。
我们必须向警察、准军事部队和军队解释印度军队中官兵矛盾的实际原因；解释各种军事组织之间和军队与警察之间的矛盾。我们必须抓住每一个可能的机会向他们解释，他们不能向雇佣杀手一样为剥削阶级效力。我们必须号召年轻人不要加入剥削政府军，号召他们抵制敌人的征兵宣传，鼓动人民过有尊严的生活。必须广泛的宣传这一号召。
敌人在游击区以外使我们的领导层遭遇损失之后，就一直努力进行基于情报的攻势，试图在运动地区消灭党从最高层到村级的领导力量。他们等待机会，甚至部署了无人驾驶飞机。所以保护党的领导层就变成一项非常重要的任务。为此，党和人民解放游击军在实践中就必须注意要一直应用各种反制措施。人民的情报机关从人民抵抗斗争中得到加强。我们务必要保证关于革命运动领导层的信息不会落入敌人之手，而党、人民解放游击军、各群众组织和人民能得到敌人的信息。必须给敌人各种误导性的信息。每天传播各种谣言。我们要推动人民积极参与这一事情。我们必须通过推动各种政治努力使人民加深对阶级路线和群众路线的理解，来应付敌人的谍报网络。新民主主义革命的胜利是与击败印度军队联系在一起的。只有通过处理人民的日常问题，建立争取人民生存权的强大的人民抵抗战争，我们才能驱逐印度军队，并击败他们。
#印度毛派工农和政府的如火如荼的艰苦斗争#深受种性制度，地主制度，资本主义制度剥削的印度工农“贱民”是如何用小米加步枪去和印度权贵及其走狗的万国尖端武器斗智斗勇艰难开创保卫革命根据地？ 请听《黎明报》印度毛主义共产党中央军委委员巴萨瓦拉吉同志访谈 本文原载于@少年中国评论 十分感谢！
印度毛派游击队的武器极度落后
然而印度军警装备是万国牌尖端武器，武器先进，兵强马壮，拥有包括美国在内西方列强支持，财力雄厚，工业发达。而印度毛派是如何在他们残酷围剿下保卫根据地，坚持游击战争的呢？印度毛派是运用了毛泽东思想，结合印度的实际情况，发动饱受歧视和剥削的农民，工人，广受贫苦群众拥护，利用印度的好山好水，在广大山区密密的丛林中，在绿油油的稻田中，在破败的贫民窟中，和前来围剿印度军警周旋，揭穿了印度军警纸老虎的本质。
印共（毛）中央军事委员会负责人巴萨瓦拉吉同志访谈
本文原载于@少年中国评论
黑夜里的牛 翻译 本文为YCA翻译团队国际共运翻译计划的第一篇译文
2013-06-16 14:50 作者: sacanlee 浏览: 1,180 次 字号: 大 中 小
译者按：印度共产主义者的斗争正如火如荼地进行，他们对地主和资产阶级的打击不仅撼动了印度社会，还通过资产阶级媒体，以令人惊骇的方式警示着世界各地的剥削者。当代印度的共产主义运动主要是由信奉毛泽东思想的印度共产党（毛主义）领导。实际上，由于中国媒体时常报道印共（毛）和政府军的战斗，比如各大媒体最近就报道了毛派对国大党车队的袭击。所以关注时事的中国人，尤其是中国左翼，对他们并不十分陌生。不过，资产阶级媒体总是带着偏见去报道新闻的。中国媒体尤其如此，他们之所以报道毛派斗争无非是因为这一斗争发生在外国，而且毛主义的旗号令人称奇，颇具新闻价值。但中国的共产主义者们不能仅仅停留在称奇的阶段。对于一个与中国毗邻的人口大国正发生着的如此深刻的斗争，是必须要深入地了解研究，并向群众宣传的。正是为着这个目的，译者翻译了如下这篇印共毛中央军委的负责人巴萨瓦拉吉同志在去年八月为《黎明》杂志做的访谈。巴同志在访谈中详细阐述了印共毛对人民战争的理解和印共毛对“绿色搜捕”行动的应对，介绍了近十年来人民军队的建设成果和战绩，还对印共( 毛)九大提出的“发展人民解放游击军为人民解放军的展望”做了解释。全文内容丰富，颇值得一读。由于原文没有注释，这就使得不熟悉印度情况的同志读起来会有些困难，所以译者特地增加了不少注释和扩展阅读的链接，希望能够帮助大家相对全面地了解情况。
此外，想要告诉读者朋友的是，在翻译的过程中，译者被印度毛派和革命群众的斗争深深地震撼了。一方面，印度共产主义者的牺牲精神让我们感到惭愧。尽管同样都号称是为理想而奋斗着，但我们在咖啡馆喝茶在网络上聊天抱怨生活无聊的时候，他们——印度的毛派战士们——却在丛林里浴血奋战，每一次行动都有可能会失去生命。我们应该认真思考自己究竟能为运动做些什么了。另一方面，我们又不得不惊叹印度人民群众伟大的创造力和革命勇气。不断壮大的群众组织和人民军队鼓舞了处于低潮期的全球社会主义运动，也证明了马克思主义学说的无限力量。作为全世界无产阶级革命大军“中国支队”的战友，让我们衷心祝愿印共（毛）的同志们能早日完成九大提出的战略目标，为实现解放全印度奠定基础。
印度共产党（毛主义）中央军事委员会负责人巴萨瓦拉吉同志访谈
* 巴萨瓦拉吉(Basavaraj）为印共毛中央委员南巴拉·克萨瓦·拉奥（Namballa Kesava Rao）的化名，负责军队工作
* 《黎明》（Pahat，Dawn, 印共毛马哈拉施特拉邦委员会机关报）进行了此次访谈
毛派影响的区域(2011年数据)
问：曼莫汗（即印度总理辛格——译者注）说毛主义者是国家最大的内部安全威胁。毛主义者则说他们在发动人民战争。你如何定义人民战争呢？
BR ：一些民主人士已经多次回答过这个问题了。我们要为这个问题找到一个答案，就必须探究曼莫汗·辛格总理之所以宣称毛主义者是国家最大的威胁的原因。毛主义者为了我国工人和农民等被压迫群众的利益，为了一个民主的经济体系，以保证人口的80%能拥有政治权利和自力更生，为了国家主权和保护我们国家的自然资源而战斗，怎么能把毛主义者称为国家安全的最大威胁呢？
2006年，他第一次宣布左翼极端主义者为国家内部安全的最大威胁。仅仅在这之前不久的2004年9月21日，印度共产党(马列)[人民战争和印度毛派共产主义中心（MCCI，全称Maoist Communist Center of India—译者注）这两个在印度革命运动中长期独立行动的革命政党汇流了。于是出现了印度共产党（毛泽东主义）。人民游击军和人民解放游击军合并为新的“人民解放游击军”。而在那时，恰蒂斯加尔邦、贾坎德邦、奥里萨邦、西孟加拉邦、马哈拉施特拉邦、安得拉邦等一些邦的邦政府已经跟若干公司签订了备忘录，让这些属于官僚买办资产阶级和帝国主义者的公司在阿迪瓦西人（Adivasi，印度的一个土著民族——译者注）地区掠夺矿藏和自然资源。像塔塔、埃萨、京德勒、 韦丹塔、 Jayaswal Neco这样的公司迅速渗透到这一地区。而由大会党领导的统一进步联盟，人民党、印共和印共（马）领导的全国民主联盟这样的买办统治阶级政党，以及其他地方性政党对这些公司唯命是从。为了换得价值数千万卢比的回扣，他们不仅毫不犹豫地把国家财富，甚至是国家主权抵押出去。2008年以来全世界都爆发了严重经济危机，在这一背景下，在落后国家开采自然资源的剧烈竞争开始了。资产阶级经济学家自己都宣称这次的危机非常深刻，超过了二十世纪三十年代的经济危机。因此，帝国主义者和公司都试图更猖獗地掠夺我国的自然资源。但是印度人民反对这种掠夺，因为允许这种彻底的剥削，会使水-森林-土地（Jal-Jungle-Zameen，英文为water, forest, land，是纳萨尔派使用的战斗口号——译者注）受到破坏，让数百万人遭到拆迁，却绝不会造成这个国家的统治者们所宣称的“发展”。我们要求水-森林-土地（Jal-Jungle-Zameen）必须属于阿德瓦西人。印共（毛）站在抵抗人民斗争的最前线。结果，价值数万亿卢比的备忘录未能得以实施。在一些地方，采矿陷入停顿。人民在驱逐矿业黑手党。一些重工业也停止了运转。数个大坝的建设停止了。而正因为如此，企业公司和他们的帝国主义主子，特别是美帝国主义就怒了。
塔塔集团的铁矿。周边的阿德瓦西人被拆迁，但只有很少一部分被塔塔雇佣。
因此一方面，反对剥削统治阶级虚伪发展的人民，和党领导的包括丹达卡冉亚和比哈尔-恰尔肯德等革命运动较强的邦在内的我国各地区革命群众，正在组织初级水平的革命民主政治机构。革命人民委员会（PRC）提出的替代发展模式。这一模式由被压迫群众建设，通过摧毁封建地主和其他反革命势力的力量，正给封建地主和官僚买办资产阶级当前的政治权力带来了严重挑战。
正是由于这个原因，从2004年到2008年，印度买办统治阶级试图猛烈地清除革命运动，在贾坎德邦通过像Sendra和Nagrik Suraksha Samiti这样的反革命宣传、组织和私人武装，在比哈尔邦通过各种封建武装和反革命组织，在丹达卡冉亚（属于恰蒂斯加尔邦——译者注）通过Salwa Judum（此为邦政府支持和训练的民兵组织——译者注），在西孟加拉邦通过社会法西斯主义的Harmad Bahini （印共马 专门为镇压毛派而非法组建的民兵组织，意为雇佣打手——译者注）[1]和属于崔纳木国大党[2]（作为国大党同盟的民粹主义政党——译者注）的Bhairav Bahini(崔纳木国大党组织的右翼民兵组织——译者注)，而在Narayanapatna (奥里萨邦的一个区——译者注)地区通过Santi委员会。自2009年起，他们发动了绿色搜捕（Green Hunt,这一术语是印度媒体使用的，指的是印度政府在红色走廊使用准军事部队对毛派的进攻——译者注)行动。这一行动目前已经处于第二阶段了。这一反革命行动日益激烈，而且采取了最残忍的法西斯主义形式。2003年，13个革命积极分子被屠杀于贾坎德邦东新奔(East Singhbhum)县[3]的隆哥（Longo）村；在2005年到2008年的Salwa Judum白色恐怖时期，近千阿迪瓦西人遭到屠杀，664个村子被以为平底，丹德瓦达(Dantewada)、比拉斯布尔（Bijapur ）和巴斯塔(Bastar )三个县有共六万阿迪瓦西人被拆迁（正是这一组织的残忍行为导致了今年五月毛派对国大党军队的伏击，该组织的领导人享德拉·卡玛也被当场打死[4]。——译者注）；若干秘密的谋杀，包括2005年二月在北特仑甘纳(North Telangana)的尼扎马巴德（Nizamabad）县的Manala 秘密行动中杀害的十名革命积极分子，2006年11月在安得拉邦的Badwel 秘密行动中杀害了9名革命积极分子；2008年二月在贾坎德邦的东新奔县的Bhitar Amda秘密行动中对九名革命积极分子进行的屠杀；2010年三月在Kanchal （丹达卡冉亚的比贾布尔县）秘密行动屠杀了十八名革命积极分子；作为2009年发动的绿色搜捕行动（OGH）的一部分——在比卡内尔（Lalgarh ）地区屠杀了近130名阿德瓦西人；在丹达卡冉亚屠杀超过250名阿德瓦西人；2010年一月在Phulwaria Kodasi (扎穆伊县，比哈尔邦)屠杀了八名革命积极分子；九月在同一个县的恒河岸边有十名革命积极分子遭到屠杀和毒害；2012年6月28日在切蒂斯格尔邦的比贾布尔县的“Basaguda-Sarkinguda”发生了最近的屠杀一次二十人的屠杀——所有这数十起屠杀都是印度统治阶级以清除内部威胁的名义，对人民发动战争的无可辩驳的证据。
值得大家注意的情况是，绿色搜捕行动（OGH）并不是只限制在毛主义运动的地区。任何证明对公司企业劫掠构成障碍的人和组织，都将被视为这一行动的敌人。其目的是把由西孟加拉邦、贾肯德邦、比哈尔邦、奥里萨邦、恰蒂斯加尔邦、安得拉邦和马哈拉施特拉邦构成的广大区域，从所谓的“红色走廊”转变为“公司走廊”，并且抹掉所有被认为是障碍的人。这就是为什么我国一些民主人士把绿色搜捕行动（OGH）说成是“对人民的战争”。很明显，人民战争就是对绿色搜捕行动或者“对人民的战争”的回应。这就意味着我们必须协调争取人民政治权利的群众斗争和武装斗争的关系，使人民懂得人民战争只是为了人民的利益才发动的，让人民展示出自己的创造力和勇气，以此给出回应。只有通过人民战争才有可能阻止和击败绿色搜捕行动（OGH），别无他途。
这就是为什么我们把人民战争定义为所有那些被OGH作为打击目标的阶级和人群，在无产阶级政党的领导下团结起来战斗，反对公司企业，以及对这些公司唯命是从的封建和官僚买办资产统治阶级。如果人民战争要达成其目标，毛主义者的原则主张，“‘武装斗争’是斗争的首要形式，而人民军队是组织的首要形式。”所以，党领导下的人民解放游击军在游击区发动的游击战争和战略地区的红色抵抗区在人民战争中扮演了突出的角色。如果没强大的群众基础，要发动游击战争是不可能的。因此，我们要唤醒那些在帝国主义者、官僚买办资产阶级、大地主脚下被碾碎了的被压迫群众，建设以工农联盟为基础，包括小资产阶级和民族资产阶级在内的四个阶级构成的统一战线。我们采取合法-非法，武装-非武装的群众斗争，就日常问题，政治和权利问题以公开和秘密的方式开展斗争。被压迫群众正以各种方式开展斗争。我们党致力于确保所有这些斗争是为了反对共同的敌人而发动，并协调其与通过推翻剥削统治阶级统治以获得政治权力的军事斗争之间的关系。
问题2：政府正运用低强度冲突（LIC）策略来打击毛主义者的起义。对于政府的这一策略，您的回答是什么？
BR： 印度统治阶级正使用美帝国主义传授的低强度冲突 (Low Intensity Conflict)的策略，集中全部国家机器来清除我们党领导的革命运动。这是事实。所有正在反抗着国家暴力的民主人士都知道这个事实。低强度冲突（LIC)不过是封建政治法则的帝国主义新殖民主义形式，它宣称所有的敌人都必须用各种办法——深思熟虑、诱惑、分割和黏着——加以摧毁。在这之中，毫无正义可言。它的目标就是清除敌人（对统治阶级来说，敌人就意味着毛主义者，即那些代表工人农民、中间阶级和民族资产阶级的人）。美帝国主义制定的低强度冲突策略是当前镇压反叛的理论。
低烈度冲突是帝国主义制定并运用的反革命理论，特别被美帝国主义用来反对二战后全世界殖民地半殖民地国家的被压迫民族和被压迫群众的斗争。二战后，帝国主义从抵抗革命所遭受的失败中取得了教训——法国帝国主义在印度支那和阿尔及利亚；英国帝国主义者在巴勒斯坦、塞浦路斯和马来西亚；美帝国主义在印度支那，特别是在越南——于是就制定了反革命作战方法，比如低强度冲突策略，以对抗长期的人民战争和民族解放运动。这一策略把人民从取得政治动员和在革命组织的领导之下的团结，发动武装斗争的方向引开。换句话说，低强度冲突的目的就是要摧毁正义的革命斗争，镇压作为革命战争基础和支持者的人民，让他们投降。这一策略正公开地和秘密地；直接地和间接的，用军事的和非军事的方法，以欺骗性的方式在政治、意识形态、组织、军事、军事以及文化领域实施，而且有着中期和长期计划。帝国主义和作为其忠实听差的的印度统治阶级是不会停止阴谋诡计的。这就是为什么我们说它是最骗人、反革命、残暴和破坏性的政策。
在二战中，帝国主义相当程度地虚弱了。对殖民地非直接的统治取代了直接的统治，新殖民主义取代殖民主义，成为了普遍的特征。甚至在半殖民地完成反封建民主革命和反帝国主义的民族民主革命胜利之前，那些与帝国主义者相勾结，作为他们的忠实走狗，披着民族独立的外衣攫取了权力的地方大地主和官僚买办们执行着独裁统治，作为新殖民主义剥削的基础尽责尽责。同时，毛主义和长期人民战争分别作为马克思列宁主义的新阶段和殖民地半殖民地解放道路取得了全世界无产阶级和被压迫群众的认同。随着苏联解体并从半超级大国的位置上跌落下来，美国就成为世界警察和被压迫民族、人民和革命运动的头号敌人。由于世界资本主义体系继续面临危机，而包括新自由主义经济政策在内的所有措施都失败了，资本主义就陷入一个全世界范围的剧烈危机。半殖民地封建社会的独立、主权和民主就暴露出其虚假性，而这些国家统治者也暴露为一群帝国主义的买办和傀儡，暴露为人民的压迫者，暴露为民主、进步、自由、主权和独立自主的大敌，暴露为所有群众运动的主要障碍。很久之前，一些国家的毛主义政党就采取长期人民战争（Protracted People’s War）的道路，建设人民军队，发动游击战争了。正在是这种背景下，低强度冲突（LIC）才制定出来，作为帝国主义继续他们新自由主义剥削和压服任何类型的反帝国主义运动、革命运动和民族解放反抗的多管齐下的策略。
战争是美国经济的基础。只有靠着卖武器、军事相关的科技、战机、无人机和战争物资，美国经济才能存活。只要战争一停止，美国经济就垮了。在所有实施LIC策略的国家，帝国主义正在迅速地把经济、政治、文化、公民、管理、法律和军事部门和机构转变为法西斯主义的机构。作为这一过程的组成部分，我们国家的统治阶级正迅速地大规模地组织特警，准军事部队和军事部队，其邪恶意图是要瓦解我们国家的人民战争，克什米尔和东北部地区的正义的民族解放运动，并使人民屈服。他们正在中央和各个州都建设特殊情报部门。整个市政—军事部门都集中于中央控制之下。他们正大规模地实施心理战，将人民从基本问题和解决这些问题的基本革命运动方面引开，把他们推向虚假的发展和和平。他们使用特殊的力量，以镇压叛乱行动的名义，实施不人道的屠杀和破坏。心理战也同样猛烈地执行着。当这些战争和行动正在广泛和猛烈地进行地时候，国内独裁和帝国主义的控制也在同样的程度上增长着。由此，对被压迫民族和群众的剥削压迫也就在同样的程度上增长着。另一方面，世界资本主义激化的政治和经济危机正动摇着我国的各个方面。我们国家正日益落入帝国主义之手，比以往任何时候都更迅速地恶化。由于印度统治阶级从1991年以来，从国际货币基金组织、世界银行、亚洲开发银行等帝国主义机构结构借了数十亿美元的外债，我们国家的经济正临近崩溃。正因为这个原因，印尼、阿根廷、乌拉圭、墨西哥和秘鲁等国家的经济陷入了债务危机，由于中小工业的破产、失业、购买力的下降和物价上升而崩溃。我们国家重复这一经历。尽管知道这一点，我国帝国主义和买办统治者的智库们却正在宣传印度将在2030年成为超级大国。他们正试图让我国成为中国的初级竞争对手。帝国主义者的数十亿美金滚滚而来，就为了让心理学家建立心控术手册，对人民发动心理战，和谐他们的心智，比如说，让他们相信一个正陷入危机的国家会发展成为超级大国。实际上，除了亿万富翁百万富翁，普通群众都受到剧烈经济危机带来的强烈影响。由此，所有的社会矛盾和主要的基础性的矛盾一起，都激化了。与帝国主义和买办统治者对LIC策略的期望相反，我们印共（毛）领导的人民战争正曲折地发展着，其发展方式证明LIC策略一定最终会被击败，而人民的胜利却是不可避免的。尽管民族运动也正面临曲折，但他们也一直在发展。所有这些都在证明，通过长期人民战争击败LIC是可能的。
我们党的中央委员会详细地讨论过帝国主义的LIC策略，并在2008年12月制定了反击并最终击败它的策略。我们相信，如那个策略中提到的，通过专注于意识形态、政治的、经济的、文化的和军事事务，我们是能够击败它的。
为此起见，我们在党的政治路线和军事策略的问题上是坚定的，因为这一路线和策略会让我们的革命运动在长期人民战争的道路上继续前进。在策略问题上，我们又是灵活的。我们努力在阶级斗争中广泛地发动被压迫群众，传授马列毛主义，好让亿万劳动人民在人民战争中发挥积极的作用。我们在强化反对改良主义、经济主义、修正主义、甘地和平、后现代、虚假民族和独立等被证明是这一过程障碍的思想的斗争，并说服人民接受我们的理解。
我们正努力发展和巩固我们的群众基础。我们坚定地坚持阶级路线和群众路线，努力对群众进行政治动员，使他们参加到人民战争中来。我们努力通过动员被压迫阶级和阶层的群众，建设一个广泛的反帝反封建的统一战线。通过扩张和加强战争以扩展人民战争到全国各地，我们使用这样的观点工作着。我们党努力通过革命宣传来回击剥削统治阶级的大规模心理战和龌蹉的宣传。而这种心理战和宣传正是试图摧毁毛主义人民战争的LIC的一部分。关于革命运动的事实不时地会摆在人民面前。
纳萨尔派指挥官在土著部落群众集会上讲话
问题3：政府拥有现代科技。政府有卫星，无人驾驶飞机，卫星定位系统，现代电信和通讯控制作战室，在不远的将来，还会使用机器人。你们会怎样反击这些高科技敌人呢？
BR：1956年7月14日，毛泽东同志在他与两名拉丁美洲公共人士谈话中说：
“现在美帝国主义很强，不是真的强。它政治上很弱，因为它脱离广大人民，大家都不喜欢它，美国人民也不喜欢它。外表很强，实际上不可怕，纸老虎。外表是个老虎，但是，是纸的，经不起风吹雨打。我看美国就是个纸老虎。
….. 我们说美帝国主义是纸老虎，是从战略上来说的。从整体上来说，要轻视它。从每一局部来说，要重视它。它有爪有牙。要解决它，就要一个一个地来。比如它有十个牙齿，第一次敲掉一个，它还有九个，再敲掉一个，它还有八个。牙齿敲完了，它还有爪子。
….. 美国现在还有力量，每年产一亿多吨钢，到处打人。因此还要跟它作斗争，要用力斗，一个阵地一个阵地地争夺。这就需要时间。”
——《帝国主义是纸老虎》，《毛泽东选集》第五卷
我们从伟大导师毛泽东的上述话语中能懂得些什么呢？我们懂得，不是现代科学技术决定战争结果，人的意识作用才是决定性的因素。无论敌人多么强大，只要他们是反动的反人民的，当他们把非正义的战争强加到人民头上而面对着人民的怒火的时候，他们在政治上就会变得非常虚弱。人民反对敌人，其中的90%会联合起来，团结力量，击败敌人。显然，印度政府拥有非常强大的国家机器，而且他的牙齿比以往任何时候都与日俱增。他们从帝国主义，特别是美帝国主义那里，获得了大量的支持和援助。所以我们也懂得，推翻印度政府是不容易的。在这种情况下，我们必须要思考为什么当时拥有高科技的美国，却也在数次侵略战争中面临失败。1965-1970年，美国在越南战争遭到致命打击。然而，那时的革命和民族解放斗争在五十年代以前得到了社会主义阵营的帮助，后来又得到中国的帮助，一直到1976年。尽管现在没有任何社会主义国家，亚非拉国家的民族解放斗争，阿拉伯人民反对专制统治的潮涌，帝国主义国家大规模发展着的工人阶级斗争，还有一些国家的伊斯兰游击队反对英美这样的帝国主义的武装斗争，却让帝国主义不能安眠。因此，在过去的十年间，美国领导的北约部队不得不从伊拉克撤出。他们还准备在未来两年内从阿富汗撤军。之所有这么做，无非是因为他们违背人民的意志诉诸侵略战争，实施屠杀，通过剥削压迫把人民推向街道。所以，尽管现在一个社会主义国家也没有，大好革命形势也正在全世界发展。如果我可以灵巧地利用这一形势，革命力量会有充足的机会胜利地发展。
只要印度统治阶级继续对人民的战争，进行剥削压迫和对无辜的人民实施屠杀，他们就不可能在战争中获胜，无论他们多强大，无论他们拥有多少现代武器。他们不可能把人民争取到他们那边。然而，我们在这种情况下不能忘记，就战争中的手段来说敌人是强大的。我们党把这一事实，以及其他类似的事实铭记在心，走长期人民战争的道路，在半殖民地半封建的印度赢得革命的胜利。我们沿着长期人民战争这条最终会推翻敌人的道路，一点一点破坏，在解放乡村之后包围城市，并最终推翻敌人。事实上，GPS系统，无人驾驶飞机，直升机、强大的扫描机和其他现代科技并不像敌人所宣传的那样强大。借此机会我们要指出的另一个事情，那就是任何武器都有对抗它的方法。这是马克思主义教会我们的一个基本思想。在剑术中，盾是为了防御剑而创造出来的。在拳击中，为了防御击打，才发明了抵挡防守术。防御行动是为了防守敌人的进攻行动才制定出来的。发明鱼类是为了摧毁战列舰。为了打击战机和直升机，高射炮才被引入战场。美国军事专家最近自己都声称，现在被称为非常强大的无人驾驶飞机，有可能被“电子欺骗技术”引得偏移航道。最近，伊朗情报人员就使用这种技术，让美国一架监视无人驾驶飞机降落在他们的国土上并俘获了它。任何学过军事科学的人都不会害怕武器。毛泽东思想作为二十世纪的无产阶级军事科学而闻名，而特别地，我们党是以毛泽东思想武装起来的党，所以从不会害怕。历史已经多次证明，对于反动派使用的任何策略，人民都有能力使用反制措施。当二战中法西斯主义者希特勒占领苏俄的时候，苏联人民团结一致，通过革命群众和共产主义者的牺牲，赶走了希特勒的军队。对自己拥有最现代的原子弹感到傲慢的美帝国主义，并没有在击败希特勒的过程中发挥决定性作用。这就是为什么我们说——在人民战争中起决定性作用的不是科技而是人。敌人的现代技术或者在人民的洪流中被摧毁，或者被化解。当人民带着革命精神参与到人民战争中，工农和其他被压迫群众会在党的领导下使用现代科技，创造性地制定新策略，令人惊叹地对付敌人。他们会有能力反击敌人使用的反动手段，保卫革命运动并击败敌人。
人民解放游击军已经坚定地执行毛主义游击战原则（秘密、速度和决心），来反击帝国主义和他们走狗所拥有的现代技术。人民解放游击军部队必须一直运动，以敌人最难以想象的方式运动，让他们的现代技术失效。最近，帝国主义和他们的走狗增加了对无人驾驶飞机的使用。尽管他们宣称美国总统奥巴马自己监督其在阿富汗的行动，但数百普通人仍在这些攻击中死去，人们通过这一事实就能懂得这场战争到底是向谁发动的。需要发动群众运动来反对在我国也使用无人机。通过在政治上团结人民，我们有信心能够打败强大的敌人。
问题4，去年，人民解放游击军的第十个年头结束了。请讲解下人民解放在这十年见所取得的成功。
BR： 到2010年12月2日，人民解放游击军已经完成了其十年的形成期。在这十年里，人民解放军的成立已经被证明是一个历史性的事件。印度历史上从未建立过这样的人民军队。在这一时期，依靠党领导的以工农联盟为基础，团结小资产阶级和民族资产阶级的群众基础，人民解放游击军发展了。作为国际共产主义红军的一个支队，印共（毛）领导的人民解放游击军正努力取得世界革命的胜利，以及作为其组成部分的新民主主义革命的胜利。在这十年中人民解放游击军取得了许多胜利，也逐渐发展着为了完成其历史使命所需要的能力。人民解放游击军所取得的成就如下：
●成立了中央，邦/特别地区/特别区 军事委员会，分区/师/区，地区级指挥部;潘查雅特和地区级的人民民兵指挥部
●人民解放游击军形成了三级结构，由主力部队、辅助部队和基层部队三支以相互依赖的方式运作的部队构成。
●作为人民解放游击军新兵长期来源的民兵组织的发展
●协调人民战争与群众斗争的关系。人民解放游击军支持群众斗争和群众运动。比如，人民解放游击军支持西孟加拉邦的辛古（Singur）[5]，南迪格莱姆（Nandigram）[6] 和比卡内尔（Lalgarh） [7]的斗争；奥里萨邦的Narayanapatna[8]、卡林加纳加（Kalinganagar ）[9]和其他的斗争；安得拉邦的反对铝土矿（开采）的斗争[10]；马哈拉施特拉邦的苏姜格阿尔(Surjagarh)的反对开矿的斗争；恰尔肯德邦的各种反开矿斗争；蒂斯格尔邦的罗汉迪古答（Lohandiguda）[11]、Raoghat[12]、Pallemadi和Bodhghat 等地的反拆迁斗争。
●人民解放游击军在1992年12月2日成立的时候还处于萌芽状态，慢慢地扩张发展到了连和营级。教育、医疗、技术、通信、补给、情报、指导团队和警卫单位也随着人民解放游击军一起扩大。人民解放游击军正在向着人民解放军（正规军队）发展。
●进行了数十次战役，像Kalimela[13]，Srisailam-Sundipenta, Garhwa, Jagpura, Balagunj, Yellamanda, Uppalada, Barah, Ladipur-Sahugunj, Chandrapura, Saranda-1, Japla, Koraput, Saranda-2, Giridih, Jehanabad, R. Udayagiri, NMDC, Ranibodili, Bokaro, Kiriburu, Goelkera, Nayagarh, Jhajha, Lakhisarai, Urpalmetta, Tadimetla-1, Tonguda, Battiguda, Markanar, Tavvetola, Madanveda, Laheri, Mukaram-Tadimetla-2, Kongera, Kajara, Mamayil, Saranda抵抗(2010)，这些战役是数百次战术反攻的一部分——敌人的一些战役性进攻被击败了。并且消灭了2000士兵，俘获2500件武器以及超过十万套弹药。数以百计的地主、民贼、反动分子、敌特、告密者和各种私人军队[14]如Salwa Judum[15], Sendra, Nagrik Suraksha Samiti, Bhumi Sena[16]等, 社会法西斯主义者Harmad Vahihi(对“印共马的干部”的侮辱性说法——译者注)，Santi Sena歹徒，流氓头子和各种资产阶级和修正主义政党的残酷政治领导人都被消灭了。
●在敌人的政治权力已经被摧毁的战略地区，人民解放游击军是建设潘查雅特级、地区级和区级革命人民委员会的法宝。
●人民解放游击军是完成政治、组织、宣传、防御和生产任务的首要机构。
●印度的红军支队——人民解放游击军是我国和全世界被压迫镇压群众和民族的一线希望。
●唤醒了妇女。妇女能顶半边天。在政治、组织、军事、文化和其他领域发展她们，使她们能够在斗争中能够贡献自己的一份力量。帮助劳动阶级妇女取得自立。
革命武装力量
毛派缴获的现代武器
问题5：如果警察和准军事部队未能成功回击毛派，政府准备部署军队。你们会如何反击军队呢？
BR:我们会如何反击军队，这取决于印度军队部署到我们的地区来的目的。实际上，国家机器由军事力量（军队，准军事部队，特殊和警察部队）、司法系统、监狱、和管理国家事务的官僚机构构成。国家机器的主要组成部分就是它的军事武装力量。所以，军队属于国家。世界上没有不属于国家的军队。但是是哪种国家呢？当前的印度国家机器作为服务于帝国主义的官僚买办和大地主统治阶级的机构，是阶级压迫和阶级剥削的工具。因此，印度军队作为英帝国主义留给了印度买办政府的遗产，也同样是反革命的。
根据印度宪法，印度军队的主要任务保卫国家边境，防御其他国家侵略，以及在发生自然灾害时为人民服务。但印度政府却多次怂恿自己的军队对付自己的人民。一名军方官员曾指出一个事实，那就是印度军队参与的边境战斗仅仅143天。以所谓内部安全的名义，军队为了统治阶级的利益，以“从尼扎姆(Nizam,1793—1950年间统治印度海得拉巴的土邦君主的称号—译者注)统治下解放”为托词，第一次对特伦甘纳（Telangana ）人民反动了战争（从1948年九月到1951年10月）[17]。后来，军队占领了东北部邦和克什米尔。在1971年七月，军队对邦比尔普姆（Birbhum ）革命群众展开镇压性攻击。类似地，在1991年，他们完全使用印度军队，以训练为名来对抗旁遮普（Punjab ）人民的意愿。在这些残酷的镇压战役中——在东北部有三万人，在克什米尔有八万人，在旁遮普有一万人，在特伦甘纳武装反抗（1946-51）中有五万人，以及在邦比尔普姆有200名群众和活动家遭到屠杀。如果我们加上自纳萨尔巴里（Naxalbari ）和维兹亚那格兰（Srikakulam）至今遭到准军事部队、警察和别动队屠杀的13000人，那就有超过十数万人遭到政府武装力量的杀戮。数十万群众遭到虐待，被关进了监狱。人民价值数千万卢布的财产被抢劫和摧毁。数以千计的年轻人失踪。所有这些暴行表明什么呢？难道还没有证明军队、准军事部队和警察部队为了这些卖国的剥削统治阶级的利益，为了帝国主义的超额利润，毫不犹豫地屠杀人民吗？难道他们没有执行政府宣布的残忍、暴力和杀人不眨眼的政策吗？这些部队永远都不会放弃这些政策。
最近，为了清除毛主义运动，印度军队在2011年年末就以训练的名义，逐步进入到毛派运动强大的丹达卡冉亚的一些地区。我们可以想象结果会如何。把有丰富自然财富的Maad山拱手让给帝国主义者和企业公司，特别是要占领世界上最古老的阿德瓦西（Adivasi ）社区——马瑞亚阿德瓦西(the Mariya Adivasis)——居住的面积达750 平方公里的Maad 山区，目标就是要把他们拆迁走。我们党在丹达卡冉亚地区沿着革命路线发展各种阿德瓦西社区。所以除此之外，消灭我们党和我们党的领导人员也是背后另外一个重要目标。因此，印度就不仅仅反人民，而且还是反动派。毛泽东主义向我们阐明了，甚至这样一个反动的印度军队，都可以通过长期人民战争击败。在这方面，中国和越南人民战争的历史是毫无争议的例子。
敌人正实施进攻，目标是要在3到7年内消灭革命运动。我们的目标是要尽量延长这一过程，由此把印度军队拖入一场以任何方式都无法胜利的长期战争。印度军队还没有从对东北部和克什米尔民族斗争的镇压行动中抽出身来。在某种程度上，这些镇压行动已经陷入战争很长时间了。我们要加强各个游击区的游击战争并开辟新的游击区，把印度军队推向无法集中力量的境地。通过把人民日常斗争，政治经济权利运动与游击战争结合起来，以武装和非武装的战斗方式开展这些斗争，我们要把游击战发展为一场敌人不可能消灭的不可战胜的战争。
对人民来说，拆迁目前是一件重要的生死攸关的事情。人民正在与印度剥削统治阶级的拆迁政策做斗争。我们党，人民解放游击军、革命群众组织，革命Janatana Sarkars[18]和人民民兵组织必须与这些人进一步结合。他们必须像鱼和水一样结合。一开始就必须把这些斗争转变为军事斗争，他们才能强力地反击来镇压反抗的军队和警察部队。
武装部队特殊权力法案（AFSPA，可以理解为反恐法案或者镇压法案——译者注）[19]一经生效，部署军队就随之被部署，并在扫荡措施如屠杀平民，失踪、逮捕、对妇女施暴、夷平村庄，掠夺人民财产，破坏，假遭遇战致死等中增加使用，在军队的历史中自始至终都可以见到这一结果。所以，我们必须大规模地动员群众反对AFSPA。我们必须动员所有可以集合在“印度军队回去”这一口号下的力量，形成一个广泛的统一战线以孤立敌人。必须广泛地动员群众去反对假遭遇战，以及要求把死者的实体移交给其家属。必须开始群众的抵抗斗争。必须开展争取公民权的人民运动。只有当我们把人民运动发展为军事抵抗斗争的时候，才能给人民战争带来根本性的变化。
按照作为低烈度冲突政策一部分的“赢得人心”的战术，敌人在实施作为“发展活动-警察行动”一部分的“融合行动计划（Integrated Action Plan）”。他们给于建设道路、电力和通讯，而不是灌溉这样的必需品以更多的重要性。准军事部队官员，甚至军队官员最近到丹达卡冉亚来，在村里实施非军事行动计划。他们跟人民开会。为了欺骗人民，军队史无前例地做义务劳动。他们以在学校里给学生讲授爱国课程为名，口吐反毛毒液。这些改革的目的就是要从人民中分出一个群人，让他们转变为村子里的一个阶层，然后把他们当做镇压运动的主要手段来使用。我们必须在人民中揭露这些改革的虚伪性。我们必须让人民懂得，他们的基本问题不会通过这些改革所解决，只有推翻这个剥削制度建立新民主主义政权才是解决办法。
毛泽东同志反复教导我们说，只有“以群众为基础的人民战争才能取得胜利”。在革命政党和人民军队的鼓舞下，人民不再忍受统治阶级及其雇佣军的剥削、压迫和镇压，大规模地加入反抗战争中，这在俄国、中国、越南的革命运动和各民族解放运动中都可以见到。人民的反抗是人民军队力量的持续来源。如果人民军队要扩大到数千数万的成员，那就必须大规模发展人民反抗斗争。比卡内尔（Lalgarh ）和Narayanapatna这样的斗争已经在我们面前树立了理想的典范。
要打败印度军队，首要的是要研究它政治上的虚弱。
显然，印度军队打的所有这些仗都无非是为了印度剥削阶级的剥削、镇压和统治利益的战争。它的反人民的本性已经通过战争暴露出来。所以，它就不会得到人民的支持。这是他政治上的主要虚弱之处。
虽然印度军队所有的士兵都是从人民中招募的，但一个巨大的矛盾是，他们为剥削阶级而不是为他们自己阶级利益效力。这就意味着他们在为一个自己不属于的阶级服务。由于这一矛盾，他们的本性就是雇佣性的，而不是带着献身精神工作。这就是部队中发生自杀和逃跑的原因。类似的，各个进步运动、革命运动和民族解放运动的影响会一直打击他们。军队中一直存在着起义的可能，就像个俄国和中国所发生过的那样；当意识到他们的压迫阶级所遭受的剥削、压迫和镇压之后，他们会加入到革命人民军队和民族解放军队中来。这是印度军队最大的弱点，虽然印度统治阶级宣称军队强大。由于其雇佣军的性质，军队会策略性地不愿勇敢作战。他们不能应付为了人民利益而战的人民军队和赢得战略胜利。
印度军队没有多少游击战和反游击战经验。他们从游击战争，从作为镇压民族斗争，旁遮普人民斗争以及支持泰米尔独立猛虎解放组织的侵略战争的组成部分的反游击战中得到的经验很有限。在泰米尔独立猛虎解放组织的战争中，印度军队遭受了致命打击。
印度军队对其在猛虎解放组织战争中所遭到的失败进行了反思，结果是认为原因是因为没有强有力的情报系统。实际上，一支诉诸于对人民发动进攻的军队，比如反人民军队，是很难建立强大的人力情报系统的。
我们必须向警察、准军事部队和军队解释印度军队中官兵矛盾的实际原因；解释各种军事组织之间和军队与警察之间的矛盾。我们必须抓住每一个可能的机会向他们解释，他们不能向雇佣杀手一样为剥削阶级效力。我们必须号召年轻人不要加入剥削政府军，号召他们抵制敌人的征兵宣传，鼓动人民过有尊严的生活。必须广泛的宣传这一号召。
敌人在游击区以外使我们的领导层遭遇损失之后，就一直努力进行基于情报的攻势，试图在运动地区消灭党从最高层到村级的领导力量。他们等待机会，甚至部署了无人驾驶飞机。所以保护党的领导层就变成一项非常重要的任务。为此，党和人民解放游击军在实践中就必须注意要一直应用各种反制措施。人民的情报机关从人民抵抗斗争中得到加强。我们务必要保证关于革命运动领导层的信息不会落入敌人之手，而党、人民解放游击军、各群众组织和人民能得到敌人的信息。必须给敌人各种误导性的信息。每天传播各种谣言。我们要推动人民积极参与这一事情。我们必须通过推动各种政治努力使人民加深对阶级路线和群众路线的理解，来应付敌人的谍报网络。新民主主义革命的胜利是与击败印度军队联系在一起的。只有通过处理人民的日常问题，建立争取人民生存权的强大的人民抵抗战争，我们才能驱逐印度军队，并击败他们。
问题6：党提出的“让我们把人民解放游击军发展为人民解放军”的口号。这一口号的含义是什么呢？
BR :我们需要三件法宝来实现革命胜利——党、军队和统一战线。名叫“党”的战士手握着人民军队和统一战线这两件武器。这两件武器是革命胜利所特别需要的。我们党九大把中心、首要和紧迫的任务——“发展游击战为运动战，发展人民解放游击军为人民解放军，以使丹达卡冉亚（DK，Dandakaranya ）和比哈尔-恰尔肯德（Bihar-Jharkhand）成为解放区”——交给全党、人民解放游击军、革命群众组织、革命人民委员会(RPCs/Krantikari Janatana Sarkars,英文全称为Revolutionary People’s Committee——译者注)。如果我们要建立解放区，就不可避免地要把人民解放游击军发展为人民解放军。只有正规军队才能把游击战发展为运动战。在过去五年中，由于人民解放游击军在我们党的领导下所进行的努力，游击战在各游击区都加强了。人民解放游击军实施的一些行动已经带有运动战的性质。比如，Mukaram-Tadimetla伏击战[20]、“空中索道行动（Operation Ropeway）”——那亚加尔 （Nayagarh ）行动、Kajara和洛哈达伽（Lohardagga ）等。人民解放解放游击军又进行过几次行动。这就意味着人民解放游击军正逐渐通过发动战争增强自己。类似地，我们必须通过提过群众斗争提高人民的政治觉悟，武装人民使之成为人民战争的一部分，这样才能扩大人民解放游击军编队，加上一步步地发展征兵进程，就能够发展营和团。人民解放游击军必须把握好地形，观察敌人的弱点，根据时间空间，创造性应用游击战策略，并一直要自己掌握主动。人民解放游击军必须要获得人民积极的支持，尽可能地消灭敌人，获得武器，武装新兵和人民并不断前进。我们必须努力有计划地提高人民解放游击军的战斗力，以便在其中建立更高水平的纪律，和主要通过攻击敌军的方式增加武器数量，以及逐渐发展指挥战争所必须的辅助机构。只有以这种方式，我们才能把人民解放游击军发展为人民解放军。只有如此，我们才能完成我们党九大赋予的中心、首要和紧迫的任务。这就是“发展人民解放游击军为人民解放军”这一口号的含义。
2012年8月13日
注释：
（注释都是译者为方便读者理解而添加，原文无注释）
[1] 马克思主义者的私人军队（The Marxists’ Private Army）
[2] 要了解崔纳木国大党的政治观点，可以参考英国《经济学人》杂志的文章《印度的财政预算,难以平衡》
[3] 印度资源公司将投资2,000万澳元重启SURDA铜矿
[4] 印度恰蒂斯加尔邦国大党领导人车队遭袭25人死亡
印度恰蒂斯加尔袭击：幸存者说毛主义者在杀害卡玛之后在他尸体上跳舞（Chhattisgarh attack: Maoists danced on Karma’s body after killing him, say survivors）
[5] 印度西孟加拉辛古尔的农民斗争（Peasants’ Struggle in Singur, West Bengal, India）
[6] 大卫 ·皮尤：南迪格莱姆和印度反强制拆迁的斗争（Dave Pugh: Nandigram and the Struggle against Forced Displacement in India）
[7] 比卡内尔大起义(The Great Lalgarh Revolt)
[8] Narayanpatna无法扑灭的火焰：Dandapani Mohanty 访谈（The Invincible Flame of Narayanpatna: An Interview with Dandapani Mohanty ）
[9] 卡林加纳加部落誓言继续挑起反拆迁斗争(Kalinganagar tribals vow to continue stir against displacement )
[10] 鼓动反铝土矿开矿者，警察决一雌雄(Anti-bauxite mining agitators, cops slug it out)
[11] 土地征用：为什么它增强了纳萨尔运动（Land acquisition: How it fuels the Naxal movement）
[12] 比莱钢铁厂在毛主义活动带修建工棚（Bhilai Steel Plant building barracks in Maoist belt）
[13] 毛主义者枪杀部落警官（Maoists gun down tribal police officer）
[14] 私人军队的形成(Formation of private armies)
[15] Salwa Judum是什么？一个腐烂血腥的反应（What is Salwa Judum? A tainted and bloody reaction）
[16] 比哈尔的死人种姓武装（Private caste armies in Bihar）
[17] 互动百科 特伦甘纳农民起义
[18] Janatana Sarkars是阿迪瓦西人政治和经济的集体组织形式，他们在毛主义者的领导下组织了起来。
[19] 关于此法案，维基百科中有如下说明：
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), was passed on September 11, 1958, by the Parliament of India.It grants special powers to the armed forces in what the act terms as “disturbed areas” in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. It was later extended to Jammu and Kashmir as The Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act, 1990 in July 1990.
更多信息请参见
[20] 印军队遭毛派武装伏击75死 双方正激战
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原文
Interview given by CMC In-Charge Comrade Basavaraj for
‘Pahat’
Official organ of
Maharashtra State Committee,
CPI (Maoist)
Q 1 : Manmohan is saying that Maoists are the biggest internal security threat to the country. Maoists are saying that they are waging People’s War (PW). How would you define People’s War?
BR : Several democrats have already answered this question many times. We must try to find an answer to this by questioning what the reason is behind PM Manmohan Singh stating that Maoists are the biggest threat to the country. How can Maoists fighting for the interests of oppressed masses like workers and peasants of our country, for solving basic problems of the people, for a democratic economic system that promises political power and self-reliance for 90% of the population, for sovereignty of our country and for preserving the resources of our country be termed as biggest threat to the security of the country?
He announced for the first time in 2006 that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is the biggest internal security threat to the country. Just some time earlier on September 21, 2004 two revolutionary parties CPI (ML) [PW] and MCCI that carried on their practice in the Indian revolutionary movement for a long time as two different streams merged into a single stream and CPI (Maoist) emerged. The People’s Guerilla Army and the People’s Liberation Guerilla Army that had been formed under their leadership merged and the new ‘People’s Liberation Guerilla Army’ (PLGA) was formed. Already by then, the Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and other state governments had signed MoUs with several corporate companies belonging to the comprador bureaucratic bourgeoisie (CBB) and the imperialists to loot the mineral deposits and the natural resources in the Adivasi areas. Corporate companies like Tata, Essar, Jindal, Mittal, Vedanta, Jaiswals NECO are swiftly penetrating into these areas. The comprador ruling class parties like the ruling UPA led by Congress, NDA led by BJP, CPI, CPI (M) and other regional parties are kowtowing before them. In exchange for kickbacks worth crores of rupees, they are not hesitating to mortgage not only the riches of the country but even its sovereignty. In the background of the severe economic crisis that burst out all over the world since 2008, severe contention for the exploitation of natural resources in the backward countries began. Bourgeois economists are themselves claiming that this crisis is very deep and surpasses the economic crisis of the 1930s. As a result, the imperialist and corporate companies are trying to loot the natural resources of our country more aggressively. But the Indian people are opposing this because allowing this complete exploitation would result in the destruction of Jal-Jungle-Zameen and displacement of millions of people and would in no way result in ‘development’ as claimed by the country’s rulers. We are demanding that Jal-Jungle-Zameen must belong to the Adivasis. CPI (Maoist) is standing in the forefront in the people’s resistance struggle. As a result, MoUs worth lakhs of crores of rupees are not getting implemented. In several places mining came to a standstill. People are chasing away the mining mafias. The works of several heavy industries have stopped. The construction of several big dams stopped. Due to this, corporate companies and their imperialist masters, particularly the US imperialists are getting mad.
Thus on the one hand the people, who are opposing the sham development of the exploiting ruling classes and the revolutionary masses led by our party in various areas of our country including Dandakaranya (DK) and Bihar-Jharkhand where revolutionary movement is stronger, are forming revolutionary democratic political power organs at a primary level. The alternative development model brought forth by the ‘Revolutionary People’s Committee’ (RPC) or the ‘Krantikari Janatana Sarkar’ built by the oppressed masses by destroying the power of feudal lords and other reactionary forces is posing a serious challenge to the present political power of the feudal lords and comprador bureaucratic bourgeoisie (CBB).
Exactly due to this reason, the Indian comprador ruling classes tried severely to wipe out the revolutionary movement from 2004 to 2008 through counter-revolutionary campaigns, organizations and private armies like Sendra, Nagrik Suraksha Samiti in Jharkhand, various kinds of feudal private armies and reactionary organizations in Bihar, Salwa Judum in DK, social fascist Harmad Bahini and Bhairav Bahini belonging to Trinamool Congress in West Bengal and Santi Committee in Narayanapatna (Odisha) area. They launched Operation Green Hunt (OGH) since 2009. It reached the second stage at present. This is getting intensified with each passing day and is taking a most cruel fascist form. 13 revolutionary activists were massacred in Longo village in East Singhbhum district in Jharkhand in 2003; nearly thousand common Adivasi people were massacred, 664 villages were razed down and 60,000 Adivasi people were displaced in Dantewada, Bijapur and Bastar districts during the white terror of Salwa Judum from 2005 to 2008; several covert murders including the murder of ten revolutionary activists in Manala covert operation in Nizamabad district in North Telangana in February 2005 and murder of nine revolutionary activists in Badwel covert operation in Andhra Pradesh (AP) in November 2006; massacre of nine revolutionary activists in Bhitar Amda covert operation in East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand in February 2008; massacre of 18 revolutionary activists in Kanchal (Bijapur district, DK) covert operation in March 2008; as part of OGH launched in 2009 - massacre of nearly 130 Adivasis in Lalgarh area; massacre of more than 250 Adivasis in DK; massacre of eight revolutionary activists in Phulwaria Kodasi (Jamui district, Bihar) in January 2010; poisoning and murdering of ten revolutionary activists on the banks of Ganga in September in the same district; the recent massacre of 20 people in the ‘Basaguda-Sarkinguda’ in Bijapur district (DK) in Chhattisgarh on June 28, 2012 – all these dozens of massacres are all indisputable proof of the War on People waged by the Indian ruling classes in the name of wiping out the ‘internal threat’.
The thing to be noticed by everyone is that this OGH is not just limited to the Maoist movement areas. This considers every person, every organization that proves to be a hurdle to corporate loot as its enemy. Turning the vast area consisting of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, AP and Maharashtra, the so-called ‘red corridor’ into ‘corporate corridor’ and ‘mopping up’ everybody that proves to be a hurdle to this is its aim. That is why several democrats in our country are describing OGH as ‘War on People’. Clearly, the reply to this OGH or the ‘War on People’ is People’s War. This means that we must give a reply by coordinating mass struggles and the armed struggle waged for political power of the people, by making the people understand that People’s War is waged exclusively for the interests of the people and by bringing out their creativity, bravery and valor. It is possible to stop and defeat OGH only through People’s War and there is no other way.
That is why we are defining People’s War as a war where all classes and sections of people targeted by the OGH unify and fight under the leadership of the proletarian party against imperialists, their corporate companies and this country’s feudal and CBB ruling classes that kowtow to them. If the PW is to achieve its aim, the Maoist principle says that ‘armed struggle is the principal form of struggle and People’s Army is the principal form of organization’. So, the guerilla war waged by the PLGA under the leadership of the party in the guerilla zones and red resistance areas in the strategic areas plays the prominent role in PW. It is not possible to wage guerilla war without a strong mass base. For this, we are arousing the oppressed masses that are getting crushed under the heels of the imperialist, CBB and big land lords and putting efforts to build a united front of the four classes on the basis of the worker-peasant unity and consisting of petty bourgeois and national bourgeois classes. We are taking up legal-illegal, armed-unarmed mass struggles, struggles on day to day issues, and on political and rights issues in both open and secret methods. Oppressed masses are carrying on their struggle in several forms. Our party is putting efforts to ensure that all these struggles are waged against the common enemy and get coordinated with the armed struggle waged for the seizure of political power by overthrowing the rule of the exploiting ruling classes.
Q 2 : The government is using the LIC policy to fight the revolt of the Maoists. What is your answer to this strategy of the government?
BR : It is a fact that the Indian exploiting ruling classes are using the US imperialist dictated LIC (Low Intensity Conflict) strategy and are concentrating the entire state machinery to wipe out the revolutionary movement led by our party. All democrats who are fighting against state violence know this fact. LIC is nothing but an imperialist neo-colonial form of the feudal political principle that states that the enemy must be destroyed by using all kinds of methods – deliberation, carrot, divide and stick. There is no scope for justice in this. Its aim is to wipe out the enemy (for the ruling classes enemy means Maoists who represent the four classes consisting of workers-peasants, middle class and national bourgeoisie). The LIC strategy formulated by the US imperialists is the present-day theory of counter-insurgency.
LIC is the counter-revolutionary theory formulated and used by the imperialists, particularly US imperialists after Second World War against the just struggles of the oppressed nations and oppressed masses of the colonial and semi-colonial countries in the world. After Second World War the imperialists learnt lessons from the defeats suffered in fighting back the revolutions – the French imperialists in Indo-China and Algeria; British imperialists in Palestine, Cyprus and Malaysia, US imperialists in Indo-China, particularly in Vietnam – and formulated the counter-revolutionary warfare i.e., the LIC strategy against Protracted People’s Wars and national liberation movements. This diverts the people from getting politically mobilized and consolidated under the leadership of revolutionary organizations and from waging armed struggle. In other words, devastating just revolutionary wars, suppressing and surrendering the people who are the base and support for these revolutionary wars is the aim of LIC. This strategy is being implemented in a deceitful manner in political, ideological, organizational, military, economic and cultural spheres, with immediate and long-term schemes; openly and secretly; directly and indirectly and in armed and unarmed methods. There is no end to the scheming and conspiracies of the imperialists and the Indian ruling classes who are their reliable lackeys. That is why we call this the most deceitful, reactionary, cruel and destructive policy.
Imperialism considerably weakened during the Second World War. Indirect rule in place of imperialist direct rule on colonies and neo-colonialism in place of colonialism became a common feature. Even before the completion of anti-feudal democratic revolutions and anti-imperialist national democratic revolutions in semi-colonial countries, the local big land lords and comprador bourgeoisie who have colluded with the imperialists and are their loyal dogs seized power in the garb of independence and are carrying on dictatorial rules and serving as the base for neo-colonial exploitation. Simultaneously, Maoism and PPW gained recognition of the world proletariat and the oppressed masses as the higher stage of Marxism-Leninism and the path of liberation for colonial and semi-colonial countries respectively. With the disintegration of Soviet Union and its fall as a Super Power, US came to the fore as the world gendarme and the no.1 enemy of the oppressed nations, people and the revolutionary movements. As the world capitalist system went on facing crises, all the measures taken by it including neo-liberal economic policies failed and it is bogged down in a world-wide severe crisis. The sham of independence, sovereignty and democracy in semi-colonial and semi-feudal countries is getting exposed and the rulers of these countries are getting exposed as compradors and puppets of imperialists, as oppressors of people and as arch enemies to democracy, progress, freedom, sovereignty and self-reliance and as the main hurdle to all mass movements. In several countries, Maoist parties took up the path of PPW, built People’s Armies and are waging guerilla warfare since a long time. It was in such a backdrop that LIC was formulated as the multi-pronged strategy of the imperialists to continue their neo-colonial exploitation and to suppress and surrender any kind of anti-imperialist movements, revolutionary movements and national liberation revolts.
US economy is based on wars. It is still able to survive only by selling weapons, war-related technology, war planes, UAVs and war related material. It would collapse as soon as wars stop. In all the countries where LIC strategy is being implemented, the imperialists are rapidly turning the economic, political, cultural, civic, administrative, legal and military departments and machinery into fascist institutions. As part of this, the ruling classes in our country are forming special police, paramilitary and military forces on a huge scale very rapidly with the evil design of disintegrating the People’s War in our country and the just national liberation movements of Kashmir and North-East and surrendering the people. They are building special intelligence departments at centre and in the states. The entire civic-military departments are being centralized. They are carrying on psychological warfare on a huge scale to divert the people from basic problems and the fundamental revolutionary path of solving them and to push them towards sham development and fake peace. They are using special forces and are carrying on inhuman massacres and destruction in the name of counter-insurgency operations on a severe scale. Psychological warfare is also being carried on as severely. While these are being carried on vastly and severely, internal dictatorship and the control of imperialists are also increasing on the same scale. Due to this the exploitation and oppression of the oppressed nations and masses are also increasing on the same scale. On the other hand, the intensifying world capitalist economic and political crisis is jolting all the spheres in our country. Our country is increasingly going into the hands of the imperialists and degenerating more than ever. Due to the billions of dollars of debts borrowed by the Indian rulers since 1991 from imperialist institutions like IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank, the economy of our country is nearing collapse. Exactly due to this, the economies of countries like Indonesia, Argentina, Uruguay, Mexico and Peru got bogged down in debt crisis and collapsed due to bankruptcy of small and medium industries, unemployment, fall in purchasing power and price rises. This experience is going to be repeated in our country too. In spite of knowing this, the think tanks of imperialists and the comprador rulers of our country are propagating that India is going to become a Super Power by 2030. They are trying to include our country as a junior partner in contention with China. The imperialists are pouring in billions of dollars for the creation of mind control manuals through psychologists to carry on psychological warfare on the people to turn their minds in accordance i.e., to make them believe that a country getting bogged down in crisis would develop into a Super Power. In fact, excepting billionaires and millionaires, common people are all getting severely affected due to severe economic crisis. As a result, all social contradictions along with the major, fundamental and principal contradictions are intensifying. Contrary to the expectations of imperialists and the comprador rulers from the LIC strategy, the People’s War led by our party CPI (Maoist) is developing through ups and downs in a manner that proves that this strategy is bound to be ultimately defeated and that victory of people is inevitable. Though nationality movements are also facing ups and downs, they are also continuously flaring. All this is proving that it is possible to defeat LIC through PPW.
Our party Central Committee discussed in detail about the imperialist LIC strategy and formulated a policy in December 2008 to fight it back and defeat it. We believe that we would be able to defeat it by concentrating and working on ideological, political, economic, cultural and military affairs as mentioned in that policy.
For this sake, we are firm on the matter of our party’s political line and the military strategy that would advance the revolutionary movement in the path of PPW. We are being flexible in the matter of tactics. We are putting efforts to vastly mobilize the oppressed masses in class struggle apart from imparting Marxism-Leninism-Maoism to increase the active role of millions of oppressed masses in People’s War. We are intensifying our fight against reformism, economism, revisionism, Gandhian peace, post-modernism, sham democracy and fake independence that are proving a hurdle to this and taking our understanding into the people.
We are putting efforts to increase and strengthen our mass base. We are adhering firmly to class line and mass line and are putting efforts to politically mobilize the masses and make them participate in PW. We are trying to build a vast anti-imperialist, anti-feudal united front by mobilizing masses of oppressed classes and sections. We are working with the viewpoint of extending PW all over the country by expanding and intensifying guerilla warfare. Our party is trying to fight back through revolutionary propaganda the psychological warfare and foul propaganda carried on a huge scale by the exploiting ruling classes as part of LIC to damage the Maoist People’s War. It is placing before the people the facts about the revolutionary movement from time to time.
Q 3 : The government possesses modern technology. It has satellites, UAVs, GPS, modern telecommunications and communication control war room. It would be using robots too in near future. How would you fight back this high-tech enemy?
BR : On July 14, 1956 comrade Mao in his conversation with two Latin American public figures said,
“Now U.S. imperialism is quite powerful, but in reality it isn't. It is very weak politically because it is divorced from the masses of the people and is disliked by everybody and by the American people too. In appearance it is very powerful but in reality it is nothing to be afraid of, it is a paper tiger. Outwardly a tiger, it is made of paper, unable to withstand the wind and the rain. I believe the United States is nothing but a paper tiger.
… When we say U.S. imperialism is a paper tiger, we are speaking in terms of strategy. Regarding it as a whole, we must despise it. But regarding each part, we must take it seriously. It has claws and fangs. We have to destroy it piecemeal. For instance, if it has ten fangs, knock off one the first time, and there will be nine left, knock off another, and there will be eight left. When all the fangs are gone, it will still have claws.
… today the United States still has strength, turning out more than 100 million tons of steel a year and hitting out everywhere. That is why we must continue to wage struggles against it, fight it with all our might and wrest one position after another from it. And that takes time.”
[US imperialism is a paper tiger, Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung: Vol. V]
What do we understand from the above words uttered by the great teacher Mao? We understand that it is not modern weapons or technology that decides the outcome in a war but that the conscious role of humans is the decisive factor. However strong the enemy may be, as long as they are reactionaries and anti-people, when they impose an unjust war on the people and face the wrath of the people, they become politically very weak. Ninety percent of the people who are against the enemy would unite and defeat the enemy by turning into a united force. It is clear that the Indian government possesses very mighty state machinery and that it is increasing several fangs more than ever with each passing day. They have got the abundant support and help of imperialists, particularly the US imperialists. We also know that it is not an easy job to overthrow the Indian government. On this occasion, we must think as to why the US imperialists possessing high technology in those days too had to face defeats in several wars of aggression. It was given a death blow in Vietnam during 1965-75. However, the revolutionary and national liberation struggles of those days got the support and help of the socialist camp till mid-50s and later that of socialist China till 1976. Though there is no socialist country in the world at present, the national liberation struggles in Asia, Africa and Latin America countries, the Arab people’s surges against dictatorial rulers, the working class struggles developing on a huge scale in imperialist countries, the revolutionary movements in some countries and armed struggles of Islamic guerilla organizations in some countries against imperialist countries such as US and UK are making the imperialists sleepless. As a result, in the past one decade, the NATO troops led by US had to retreat from Iraq. They are going to retreat from Afghanistan in the coming two years. The reason for this is nothing but their resorting to aggressive wars against the will of the people, perpetrating massacres and pushing the people into streets through exploitation and oppression. So, though there is no one socialist country at present, an excellent revolutionary situation is developing all over the world. If we can utilize this skillfully, the opportunities for revolutionary forces to advance victoriously are abundant.
As long as the Indian ruling classes continue their War on People and carry on their exploitation and oppression and perpetrate massacres of innocent people, they would not be able to emerge victorious in war how much ever powerful and modern the weapons they possess may be. They can never win over the people to their side. However, we must not forget on this occasion that the enemy is powerful in terms of tactics in a war. Keeping this and other such facts in view, our party took up the path of PPW to make success the revolution in semi-colonial, semi-feudal India. We are following the PPW path that would ultimately overthrow the enemy by damaging one part after another and surrounding the cities after liberating the villages. The GPS systems, UAV/drones, helicopters, powerful scanners and other such modern technology are in fact not as mighty as the enemy is propagating. Another thing that we wish to point out on this occasion is that every weapon has an antidote. This is a fundamental thing taught by Marxism to us. In swordplay, shield was created to defend from the sword. In boxing, blocking tactic was developed to defend from the punch. Defensive operations were formulated to defend from the enemy’s offensive operations. Torpedoes were created to destroy battleships. Anti-aircraft guns were brought into the field to hit war planes/helicopters. US military experts themselves had announced recently that it is possible to divert the drones that are claimed to be very mighty at present through ‘spoofing technique’. Recently Iran intelligence made an US surveillance UAV to land in their country and seized it using this technique. Anybody who has studied military science would not be afraid of weapons. Particularly our party that is armed with the Maoist People’s War theory that is renowned as the proletarian military science in 20th century would never be afraid. History has proven several times that people are capable of using counter-tactics for every tactic used by the reactionaries. When fascist Hitler occupied Soviet Russia in the Second World War, the Soviet people stood united and chased Hitler’s armies through the sacrifices of revolutionary masses and communists. US imperialists who were arrogant that they possessed the most modern atom bomb could not play a decisive role in defeating Hitler. That is why we state – in a People’s War the decisive force is not technology but people. The modern technology of the enemy would either be destroyed in the deluge of the people or would be defused. When people participate in PW with revolutionary spirit, workers-peasants and other oppressed masses would utilize modern technology under the leadership of party, would formulate new tactics creatively and face the enemy formidably. They would be able to fight back the reactionary tactics used by the enemy, defend the revolutionary movement and defeat the enemy.
PLGA would have to firmly implement the Maoist guerilla war principles (secrecy, speed and determination) to fight back the modern technology possessed by the imperialists and their lackeys. The PLGA forces must always be mobile and carry on their movement in the most unimaginable manner to the enemy and fail his modern technology. Recently, imperialists and their lackeys increased the usage of UAV/drones. Though they are claiming that US President Barack Obama is himself supervising their operations in Afghanistan, one can understand on whom this war is being waged by the fact that hundreds of common people are dying in these attacks. They are making preparations to use them in Maoist areas in India. People are agitating against the usage of drones in several parts of the world. There is a need to take up mass movements against the usage of drones in our country too. We have the confidence that we would be able to defeat the mighty enemy through politically consolidating the people.
Interview given by CMC In-Charge Comrade Basavaraj for
‘Pahat’
Official organ of
Maharashtra State Committee,
CPI (Maoist)
Q 1 : Manmohan is saying that Maoists are the biggest internal security threat to the country. Maoists are saying that they are waging People’s War (PW). How would you define People’s War?
BR : Several democrats have already answered this question many times. We must try to find an answer to this by questioning what the reason is behind PM Manmohan Singh stating that Maoists are the biggest threat to the country. How can Maoists fighting for the interests of oppressed masses like workers and peasants of our country, for solving basic problems of the people, for a democratic economic system that promises political power and self-reliance for 90% of the population, for sovereignty of our country and for preserving the resources of our country be termed as biggest threat to the security of the country?
He announced for the first time in 2006 that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is the biggest internal security threat to the country. Just some time earlier on September 21, 2004 two revolutionary parties CPI (ML) [PW] and MCCI that carried on their practice in the Indian revolutionary movement for a long time as two different streams merged into a single stream and CPI (Maoist) emerged. The People’s Guerilla Army and the People’s Liberation Guerilla Army that had been formed under their leadership merged and the new ‘People’s Liberation Guerilla Army’ (PLGA) was formed. Already by then, the Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and other state governments had signed MoUs with several corporate companies belonging to the comprador bureaucratic bourgeoisie (CBB) and the imperialists to loot the mineral deposits and the natural resources in the Adivasi areas. Corporate companies like Tata, Essar, Jindal, Mittal, Vedanta, Jaiswals NECO are swiftly penetrating into these areas. The comprador ruling class parties like the ruling UPA led by Congress, NDA led by BJP, CPI, CPI (M) and other regional parties are kowtowing before them. In exchange for kickbacks worth crores of rupees, they are not hesitating to mortgage not only the riches of the country but even its sovereignty. In the background of the severe economic crisis that burst out all over the world since 2008, severe contention for the exploitation of natural resources in the backward countries began. Bourgeois economists are themselves claiming that this crisis is very deep and surpasses the economic crisis of the 1930s. As a result, the imperialist and corporate companies are trying to loot the natural resources of our country more aggressively. But the Indian people are opposing this because allowing this complete exploitation would result in the destruction of Jal-Jungle-Zameen and displacement of millions of people and would in no way result in ‘development’ as claimed by the country’s rulers. We are demanding that Jal-Jungle-Zameen must belong to the Adivasis. CPI (Maoist) is standing in the forefront in the people’s resistance struggle. As a result, MoUs worth lakhs of crores of rupees are not getting implemented. In several places mining came to a standstill. People are chasing away the mining mafias. The works of several heavy industries have stopped. The construction of several big dams stopped. Due to this, corporate companies and their imperialist masters, particularly the US imperialists are getting mad.
Thus on the one hand the people, who are opposing the sham development of the exploiting ruling classes and the revolutionary masses led by our party in various areas of our country including Dandakaranya (DK) and Bihar-Jharkhand where revolutionary movement is stronger, are forming revolutionary democratic political power organs at a primary level. The alternative development model brought forth by the ‘Revolutionary People’s Committee’ (RPC) or the ‘Krantikari Janatana Sarkar’ built by the oppressed masses by destroying the power of feudal lords and other reactionary forces is posing a serious challenge to the present political power of the feudal lords and comprador bureaucratic bourgeoisie (CBB).
Exactly due to this reason, the Indian comprador ruling classes tried severely to wipe out the revolutionary movement from 2004 to 2008 through counter-revolutionary campaigns, organizations and private armies like Sendra, Nagrik Suraksha Samiti in Jharkhand, various kinds of feudal private armies and reactionary organizations in Bihar, Salwa Judum in DK, social fascist Harmad Bahini and Bhairav Bahini belonging to Trinamool Congress in West Bengal and Santi Committee in Narayanapatna (Odisha) area. They launched Operation Green Hunt (OGH) since 2009. It reached the second stage at present. This is getting intensified with each passing day and is taking a most cruel fascist form. 13 revolutionary activists were massacred in Longo village in East Singhbhum district in Jharkhand in 2003; nearly thousand common Adivasi people were massacred, 664 villages were razed down and 60,000 Adivasi people were displaced in Dantewada, Bijapur and Bastar districts during the white terror of Salwa Judum from 2005 to 2008; several covert murders including the murder of ten revolutionary activists in Manala covert operation in Nizamabad district in North Telangana in February 2005 and murder of nine revolutionary activists in Badwel covert operation in Andhra Pradesh (AP) in November 2006; massacre of nine revolutionary activists in Bhitar Amda covert operation in East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand in February 2008; massacre of 18 revolutionary activists in Kanchal (Bijapur district, DK) covert operation in March 2008; as part of OGH launched in 2009 - massacre of nearly 130 Adivasis in Lalgarh area; massacre of more than 250 Adivasis in DK; massacre of eight revolutionary activists in Phulwaria Kodasi (Jamui district, Bihar) in January 2010; poisoning and murdering of ten revolutionary activists on the banks of Ganga in September in the same district; the recent massacre of 20 people in the ‘Basaguda-Sarkinguda’ in Bijapur district (DK) in Chhattisgarh on June 28, 2012 – all these dozens of massacres are all indisputable proof of the War on People waged by the Indian ruling classes in the name of wiping out the ‘internal threat’.
The thing to be noticed by everyone is that this OGH is not just limited to the Maoist movement areas. This considers every person, every organization that proves to be a hurdle to corporate loot as its enemy. Turning the vast area consisting of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, AP and Maharashtra, the so-called ‘red corridor’ into ‘corporate corridor’ and ‘mopping up’ everybody that proves to be a hurdle to this is its aim. That is why several democrats in our country are describing OGH as ‘War on People’. Clearly, the reply to this OGH or the ‘War on People’ is People’s War. This means that we must give a reply by coordinating mass struggles and the armed struggle waged for political power of the people, by making the people understand that People’s War is waged exclusively for the interests of the people and by bringing out their creativity, bravery and valor. It is possible to stop and defeat OGH only through People’s War and there is no other way.
That is why we are defining People’s War as a war where all classes and sections of people targeted by the OGH unify and fight under the leadership of the proletarian party against imperialists, their corporate companies and this country’s feudal and CBB ruling classes that kowtow to them. If the PW is to achieve its aim, the Maoist principle says that ‘armed struggle is the principal form of struggle and People’s Army is the principal form of organization’. So, the guerilla war waged by the PLGA under the leadership of the party in the guerilla zones and red resistance areas in the strategic areas plays the prominent role in PW. It is not possible to wage guerilla war without a strong mass base. For this, we are arousing the oppressed masses that are getting crushed under the heels of the imperialist, CBB and big land lords and putting efforts to build a united front of the four classes on the basis of the worker-peasant unity and consisting of petty bourgeois and national bourgeois classes. We are taking up legal-illegal, armed-unarmed mass struggles, struggles on day to day issues, and on political and rights issues in both open and secret methods. Oppressed masses are carrying on their struggle in several forms. Our party is putting efforts to ensure that all these struggles are waged against the common enemy and get coordinated with the armed struggle waged for the seizure of political power by overthrowing the rule of the exploiting ruling classes.
Q 2 : The government is using the LIC policy to fight the revolt of the Maoists. What is your answer to this strategy of the government?
BR : It is a fact that the Indian exploiting ruling classes are using the US imperialist dictated LIC (Low Intensity Conflict) strategy and are concentrating the entire state machinery to wipe out the revolutionary movement led by our party. All democrats who are fighting against state violence know this fact. LIC is nothing but an imperialist neo-colonial form of the feudal political principle that states that the enemy must be destroyed by using all kinds of methods – deliberation, carrot, divide and stick. There is no scope for justice in this. Its aim is to wipe out the enemy (for the ruling classes enemy means Maoists who represent the four classes consisting of workers-peasants, middle class and national bourgeoisie). The LIC strategy formulated by the US imperialists is the present-day theory of counter-insurgency.
LIC is the counter-revolutionary theory formulated and used by the imperialists, particularly US imperialists after Second World War against the just struggles of the oppressed nations and oppressed masses of the colonial and semi-colonial countries in the world. After Second World War the imperialists learnt lessons from the defeats suffered in fighting back the revolutions – the French imperialists in Indo-China and Algeria; British imperialists in Palestine, Cyprus and Malaysia, US imperialists in Indo-China, particularly in Vietnam – and formulated the counter-revolutionary warfare i.e., the LIC strategy against Protracted People’s Wars and national liberation movements. This diverts the people from getting politically mobilized and consolidated under the leadership of revolutionary organizations and from waging armed struggle. In other words, devastating just revolutionary wars, suppressing and surrendering the people who are the base and support for these revolutionary wars is the aim of LIC. This strategy is being implemented in a deceitful manner in political, ideological, organizational, military, economic and cultural spheres, with immediate and long-term schemes; openly and secretly; directly and indirectly and in armed and unarmed methods. There is no end to the scheming and conspiracies of the imperialists and the Indian ruling classes who are their reliable lackeys. That is why we call this the most deceitful, reactionary, cruel and destructive policy.
Imperialism considerably weakened during the Second World War. Indirect rule in place of imperialist direct rule on colonies and neo-colonialism in place of colonialism became a common feature. Even before the completion of anti-feudal democratic revolutions and anti-imperialist national democratic revolutions in semi-colonial countries, the local big land lords and comprador bourgeoisie who have colluded with the imperialists and are their loyal dogs seized power in the garb of independence and are carrying on dictatorial rules and serving as the base for neo-colonial exploitation. Simultaneously, Maoism and PPW gained recognition of the world proletariat and the oppressed masses as the higher stage of Marxism-Leninism and the path of liberation for colonial and semi-colonial countries respectively. With the disintegration of Soviet Union and its fall as a Super Power, US came to the fore as the world gendarme and the no.1 enemy of the oppressed nations, people and the revolutionary movements. As the world capitalist system went on facing crises, all the measures taken by it including neo-liberal economic policies failed and it is bogged down in a world-wide severe crisis. The sham of independence, sovereignty and democracy in semi-colonial and semi-feudal countries is getting exposed and the rulers of these countries are getting exposed as compradors and puppets of imperialists, as oppressors of people and as arch enemies to democracy, progress, freedom, sovereignty and self-reliance and as the main hurdle to all mass movements. In several countries, Maoist parties took up the path of PPW, built People’s Armies and are waging guerilla warfare since a long time. It was in such a backdrop that LIC was formulated as the multi-pronged strategy of the imperialists to continue their neo-colonial exploitation and to suppress and surrender any kind of anti-imperialist movements, revolutionary movements and national liberation revolts.
US economy is based on wars. It is still able to survive only by selling weapons, war-related technology, war planes, UAVs and war related material. It would collapse as soon as wars stop. In all the countries where LIC strategy is being implemented, the imperialists are rapidly turning the economic, political, cultural, civic, administrative, legal and military departments and machinery into fascist institutions. As part of this, the ruling classes in our country are forming special police, paramilitary and military forces on a huge scale very rapidly with the evil design of disintegrating the People’s War in our country and the just national liberation movements of Kashmir and North-East and surrendering the people. They are building special intelligence departments at centre and in the states. The entire civic-military departments are being centralized. They are carrying on psychological warfare on a huge scale to divert the people from basic problems and the fundamental revolutionary path of solving them and to push them towards sham development and fake peace. They are using special forces and are carrying on inhuman massacres and destruction in the name of counter-insurgency operations on a severe scale. Psychological warfare is also being carried on as severely. While these are being carried on vastly and severely, internal dictatorship and the control of imperialists are also increasing on the same scale. Due to this the exploitation and oppression of the oppressed nations and masses are also increasing on the same scale. On the other hand, the intensifying world capitalist economic and political crisis is jolting all the spheres in our country. Our country is increasingly going into the hands of the imperialists and degenerating more than ever. Due to the billions of dollars of debts borrowed by the Indian rulers since 1991 from imperialist institutions like IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank, the economy of our country is nearing collapse. Exactly due to this, the economies of countries like Indonesia, Argentina, Uruguay, Mexico and Peru got bogged down in debt crisis and collapsed due to bankruptcy of small and medium industries, unemployment, fall in purchasing power and price rises. This experience is going to be repeated in our country too. In spite of knowing this, the think tanks of imperialists and the comprador rulers of our country are propagating that India is going to become a Super Power by 2030. They are trying to include our country as a junior partner in contention with China. The imperialists are pouring in billions of dollars for the creation of mind control manuals through psychologists to carry on psychological warfare on the people to turn their minds in accordance i.e., to make them believe that a country getting bogged down in crisis would develop into a Super Power. In fact, excepting billionaires and millionaires, common people are all getting severely affected due to severe economic crisis. As a result, all social contradictions along with the major, fundamental and principal contradictions are intensifying. Contrary to the expectations of imperialists and the comprador rulers from the LIC strategy, the People’s War led by our party CPI (Maoist) is developing through ups and downs in a manner that proves that this strategy is bound to be ultimately defeated and that victory of people is inevitable. Though nationality movements are also facing ups and downs, they are also continuously flaring. All this is proving that it is possible to defeat LIC through PPW.
Our party Central Committee discussed in detail about the imperialist LIC strategy and formulated a policy in December 2008 to fight it back and defeat it. We believe that we would be able to defeat it by concentrating and working on ideological, political, economic, cultural and military affairs as mentioned in that policy.
For this sake, we are firm on the matter of our party’s political line and the military strategy that would advance the revolutionary movement in the path of PPW. We are being flexible in the matter of tactics. We are putting efforts to vastly mobilize the oppressed masses in class struggle apart from imparting Marxism-Leninism-Maoism to increase the active role of millions of oppressed masses in People’s War. We are intensifying our fight against reformism, economism, revisionism, Gandhian peace, post-modernism, sham democracy and fake independence that are proving a hurdle to this and taking our understanding into the people.
We are putting efforts to increase and strengthen our mass base. We are adhering firmly to class line and mass line and are putting efforts to politically mobilize the masses and make them participate in PW. We are trying to build a vast anti-imperialist, anti-feudal united front by mobilizing masses of oppressed classes and sections. We are working with the viewpoint of extending PW all over the country by expanding and intensifying guerilla warfare. Our party is trying to fight back through revolutionary propaganda the psychological warfare and foul propaganda carried on a huge scale by the exploiting ruling classes as part of LIC to damage the Maoist People’s War. It is placing before the people the facts about the revolutionary movement from time to time.
Q 3 : The government possesses modern technology. It has satellites, UAVs, GPS, modern telecommunications and communication control war room. It would be using robots too in near future. How would you fight back this high-tech enemy?
BR : On July 14, 1956 comrade Mao in his conversation with two Latin American public figures said,
“Now U.S. imperialism is quite powerful, but in reality it isn't. It is very weak politically because it is divorced from the masses of the people and is disliked by everybody and by the American people too. In appearance it is very powerful but in reality it is nothing to be afraid of, it is a paper tiger. Outwardly a tiger, it is made of paper, unable to withstand the wind and the rain. I believe the United States is nothing but a paper tiger.
… When we say U.S. imperialism is a paper tiger, we are speaking in terms of strategy. Regarding it as a whole, we must despise it. But regarding each part, we must take it seriously. It has claws and fangs. We have to destroy it piecemeal. For instance, if it has ten fangs, knock off one the first time, and there will be nine left, knock off another, and there will be eight left. When all the fangs are gone, it will still have claws.
… today the United States still has strength, turning out more than 100 million tons of steel a year and hitting out everywhere. That is why we must continue to wage struggles against it, fight it with all our might and wrest one position after another from it. And that takes time.”
[US imperialism is a paper tiger, Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung: Vol. V]
What do we understand from the above words uttered by the great teacher Mao? We understand that it is not modern weapons or technology that decides the outcome in a war but that the conscious role of humans is the decisive factor. However strong the enemy may be, as long as they are reactionaries and anti-people, when they impose an unjust war on the people and face the wrath of the people, they become politically very weak. Ninety percent of the people who are against the enemy would unite and defeat the enemy by turning into a united force. It is clear that the Indian government possesses very mighty state machinery and that it is increasing several fangs more than ever with each passing day. They have got the abundant support and help of imperialists, particularly the US imperialists. We also know that it is not an easy job to overthrow the Indian government. On this occasion, we must think as to why the US imperialists possessing high technology in those days too had to face defeats in several wars of aggression. It was given a death blow in Vietnam during 1965-75. However, the revolutionary and national liberation struggles of those days got the support and help of the socialist camp till mid-50s and later that of socialist China till 1976. Though there is no socialist country in the world at present, the national liberation struggles in Asia, Africa and Latin America countries, the Arab people’s surges against dictatorial rulers, the working class struggles developing on a huge scale in imperialist countries, the revolutionary movements in some countries and armed struggles of Islamic guerilla organizations in some countries against imperialist countries such as US and UK are making the imperialists sleepless. As a result, in the past one decade, the NATO troops led by US had to retreat from Iraq. They are going to retreat from Afghanistan in the coming two years. The reason for this is nothing but their resorting to aggressive wars against the will of the people, perpetrating massacres and pushing the people into streets through exploitation and oppression. So, though there is no one socialist country at present, an excellent revolutionary situation is developing all over the world. If we can utilize this skillfully, the opportunities for revolutionary forces to advance victoriously are abundant.
As long as the Indian ruling classes continue their War on People and carry on their exploitation and oppression and perpetrate massacres of innocent people, they would not be able to emerge victorious in war how much ever powerful and modern the weapons they possess may be. They can never win over the people to their side. However, we must not forget on this occasion that the enemy is powerful in terms of tactics in a war. Keeping this and other such facts in view, our party took up the path of PPW to make success the revolution in semi-colonial, semi-feudal India. We are following the PPW path that would ultimately overthrow the enemy by damaging one part after another and surrounding the cities after liberating the villages. The GPS systems, UAV/drones, helicopters, powerful scanners and other such modern technology are in fact not as mighty as the enemy is propagating. Another thing that we wish to point out on this occasion is that every weapon has an antidote. This is a fundamental thing taught by Marxism to us. In swordplay, shield was created to defend from the sword. In boxing, blocking tactic was developed to defend from the punch. Defensive operations were formulated to defend from the enemy’s offensive operations. Torpedoes were created to destroy battleships. Anti-aircraft guns were brought into the field to hit war planes/helicopters. US military experts themselves had announced recently that it is possible to divert the drones that are claimed to be very mighty at present through ‘spoofing technique’. Recently Iran intelligence made an US surveillance UAV to land in their country and seized it using this technique. Anybody who has studied military science would not be afraid of weapons. Particularly our party that is armed with the Maoist People’s War theory that is renowned as the proletarian military science in 20th century would never be afraid. History has proven several times that people are capable of using counter-tactics for every tactic used by the reactionaries. When fascist Hitler occupied Soviet Russia in the Second World War, the Soviet people stood united and chased Hitler’s armies through the sacrifices of revolutionary masses and communists. US imperialists who were arrogant that they possessed the most modern atom bomb could not play a decisive role in defeating Hitler. That is why we state – in a People’s War the decisive force is not technology but people. The modern technology of the enemy would either be destroyed in the deluge of the people or would be defused. When people participate in PW with revolutionary spirit, workers-peasants and other oppressed masses would utilize modern technology under the leadership of party, would formulate new tactics creatively and face the enemy formidably. They would be able to fight back the reactionary tactics used by the enemy, defend the revolutionary movement and defeat the enemy.
PLGA would have to firmly implement the Maoist guerilla war principles (secrecy, speed and determination) to fight back the modern technology possessed by the imperialists and their lackeys. The PLGA forces must always be mobile and carry on their movement in the most unimaginable manner to the enemy and fail his modern technology. Recently, imperialists and their lackeys increased the usage of UAV/drones. Though they are claiming that US President Barack Obama is himself supervising their operations in Afghanistan, one can understand on whom this war is being waged by the fact that hundreds of common people are dying in these attacks. They are making preparations to use them in Maoist areas in India. People are agitating against the usage of drones in several parts of the world. There is a need to take up mass movements against the usage of drones in our country too. We have the confidence that we would be able to defeat the mighty enemy through politically consolidating the people.
Q 4 : PLGA completed ten years last year. Explain the successes achieved by PLGA in this decade.
BR : By December 2, 2010 PLGA completed one decade of its formation. It has been proven in this one decade that the formation of PLGA is a historic event. Never before has such a People’s Army been built in India’s history. This is the period when PLGA advanced with a mass base led by the proletarian party and based on worker-peasant unity and uniting with the petty bourgeois and national bourgeois classes. As a detachment of the international communist red army, the PLGA led by CPI (Maoist) is putting efforts with the aim of making success the World Socialist Revolution and to make success the New Democratic Revolution that is being carried on as part of it. It had been achieving several successes in this decade and was gradually developing its abilities so as to fulfill its historical role. The successes achieved by PLGA are as follows:
Formation of Central, State/Special Area/Special Zone Military Commissions; Regional, Zonal/Divisional/District, Area level Military Commands; Panchayat and Area level People’s Militia Commands.
The formation of PLGA as a structure consisting of three forces that work in an interdependent manner – Main, Secondary and Base forces.
The development of People’s Militia structures as a perennial source of recruitment into PLGA
Coordination of PW with mass struggles. PLGA stood in support of mass struggles and mass movements. For example, it stood in support of Singur, Nandigram, Lalgarh in West Bengal; Narayanapatna, Kalinganagar and other struggles in Odisha; anti-bauxite struggle in Visakha of Andhra Pradesh; anti-mining struggle in Surjagarh of Maharashtra; various anti-mining struggles in Jharkhand; anti-displacement struggles in Lohandiguda, Raoghat, Pallemadi, Bodhghat etc in Chhattisgarh.
PLGA that was formed in an embryonic form on December 2, 1999 gradually expanded and developed to company and battalion level. It expanded with education, medical, technical, communications, supply, intelligence, and instructor teams and guards units and is advancing towards the formation of PLA (regular army).
In dozens of campaigns conducted as part of hundreds of tactical counter-offensives like Kalimela, Srisailam-Sundipenta, Garhwa, Jagpura, Balagunj, Yellamanda, Uppalada, Barah, Ladipur-Sahugunj, Chandrapura, Saranda-1, Japla, Koraput, Saranda-2, Giridih, Jehanabad, R. Udayagiri, NMDC, Ranibodili, Bokaro, Kiriburu, Goelkera, Nayagarh, Jhajha, Lakhisarai, Urpalmetta, Tadimetla-1, Tonguda, Battiguda, Markanar, Tavvetola, Madanveda, Laheri, Mukaram-Tadimetla-2, Kongera, Kajara, Mamayil, Saranda resistance (2010) – several offensive campaigns of the enemy were defeated. Moreover, 2,000 enemy soldiers were wiped out, 2,500 weapons and more than one lakh rounds of ammunition were seized. Hundreds of land lords, people’s enemies, reactionaries, enemy agents, informers, coverts, various counter-revolutionary private armies like Salwa Judum, Sendra, Nagrik Suraksha Samiti, Bhumi Sena, social fascist Harmad Vahihi, Santi Sena goons, goonda leaders and cruel political leaders belonging to various bourgeois and revisionist parties were annihilated.
PLGA served as a magic weapon in the building of Panchayat, Area and District level Revolutionary People’s Committees where political power of the enemy has been destroyed in the strategic areas.
PLGA served as the principal instrument for fulfilling political, organizational, propaganda, defence and production tasks.
The Red Army detachment of India – the PLGA stood as a ray of hope for the oppressed and suppressed masses and oppressed nations of our country and the world.
Arousing the women who are half the sky and developing them in political, organizational, military, cultural and other spheres so that they can lay claim to their share in struggle and helping the working class women gain self-reliance.
Q 5 : The government is making preparations to deploy Army if the police and paramilitary forces fail to fight back the Maoists. How would you fight back the Army?
BR : How we would fight back the Army depends on the aim with which the Indian Army is being deployed in our areas. In fact, it is the state machinery consisting of armed forces (Army, paramilitary, special and police forces), judicial system, jails, bureaucracy etc that conducts the affairs of the state. The primary components of this state machinery are its military armed forces. So, an army belongs to the state. There is not a single army in this world that does not belong to a state. But what kind of a state is that? The present Indian state machinery serves as an instrument for the exploiting class rule of CBB and big land lords that serve the imperialists, for class oppression and class exploitation. Thus the Indian Army that came as a legacy of the British imperialists to the Indian comprador government is counter-revolutionary too.
According to the Indian Constitution, the primary task of the Indian armed forces is to defend the borders of the country from the aggression of other countries and to serve the people during natural disasters. But the Indian governments goaded its army on its own people several times. An army official stated the fact that the Indian Army participated in battles on the borders of our country for mere 143 days. In the name of so-called internal security it first waged war on Telangana people for the interests of the exploiting classes on the pretext of ‘liberation from Nizam’ (from September 1948 to October 1951). Later it occupied North-East states and Kashmir. In July 1971, it carried on suppressive offensive on the struggle of Birbhum revolutionary masses. Similarly in 1990, they completely used the Indian Army on the pretext of ‘training’ against the will of the Punjab people. In these cruel suppressive campaigns – 30,000 people in North-East, 80,000 in Kashmir, 10,000 in Punjab, 5,000 in Telangana armed struggle (1946-51) and 200 people and activists in Birbhum were massacred. If we add the 13,000 women and men who lost their lives in the Maoist movement and in massacres carried on from Naxalbari and Srikakulam to the present by the paramilitary, police and special commando forces, lakhs of people were slaughtered by the government armed forces. Lakhs of people were tortured and put in jails. People’s property worth crores of rupees was looted, razed down. Thousands of young women and men went missing. What do all these atrocities indicate? Is it not getting proved that the Army, paramilitary and police forces do not hesitate to massacre the people for the interests of these exploiting country-selling ruling classes (CBB, big land lords) for the super profits of imperialists? Are they not proving on their own that they are the running dogs of the imperialists? Did they not implement the government-dictated cruel, violent and murderous policies? These forces would never abandon these policies.
Recently, with the aim of wiping out the Maoist movement, Indian Army is advancing in phases towards areas in DK where the movement is strong since the end of May 2011 in the name of training. We can imagine what the results would be. Handing over the Maad hills that abound natural riches to imperialists and corporate companies, particularly occupying 750 sq.k.m. area in the Maad hills where the most ancient Adivasi community in the world – the Mariya Adivasis live and displacing them is its aim. Apart from this, wiping out our party and the party leadership that is advancing the various Adivasi communities in DK along the revolutionary path is the other important aim behind this. Thus, this is not only anti-people but also reactionary. Maoism clarifies to us that even such a reactionary Indian Army can be defeated through PPW. The history of China and Vietnam People’s Wars is an indisputable example for this.
The enemy is conducting the offensive with the aim of wiping out the revolutionary movement within 3 to 7 years period. Our aim would be to extend this as far as possible thus bogging down the Indian Army in a protracted war that cannot be solved in any manner. Indian Armies have not yet been relieved from the suppressive operations being conducted on North-East nationality struggles and Kashmir nationality struggle. In a way, these got bogged down in a war since a long time there. We must push the Indian Armies to a situation where they cannot concentrate anywhere by intensifying the guerilla warfare in several guerilla zones and by creating newer guerilla zones. We must develop guerilla warfare as an invincible warfare that can never be wiped out by the enemy by linking the struggles on people’s day to day issues, political, economic and rights movements with guerilla warfare and conducting them in a militant manner both in armed and unarmed methods.
Displacement is an important life and death issue at present for the people. People are fighting against the displacement policies of the Indian exploiting ruling classes. Our party, PLGA, revolutionary mass organizations, revolutionary Janatana Sarkars and People’s Militia must integrate further with those people. They must integrate with them like fish in water. These must be transformed into militant struggles from the beginning so that they can strongly fight back the military and police forces that come to suppress these struggles.
The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) coming into force along with the deployment of the Army and increase in mopping up measures like massacres of common people, missing of people, arrests, atrocities on women, razing down of villages, loot of people’s properties, destruction, fake encounter deaths as a result can be seen all along the history of the Army. So, we must mobilize people on a huge scale against AFSPA. We must mobilize all the forces that would come together with the slogan ‘Indian Army Go Back’ and form a broad united front thus isolating the enemy. People must be mobilized vastly against fake encounters and for handing over of dead bodies to the families. People’s resistance struggles must be taken up. People’s movements must be conducted for civil rights. Only when we develop people’s movements as militant resistance struggles can we bring a sea change in PW.
The enemy is implementing ‘Integrated Action Plan’ as part of ‘Development activities-Police actions’ policy by following the tactic of ‘Winning Hearts and Minds’ as part of LIC policy. They are giving importance to building roads, electricity, communications etc than for providing basic necessities like irrigation. The paramilitary officers and even military officials who came recently to DK are conducting Civic Action Programs in villages. They are conducting meetings with people. Military is doing voluntary labor as never before to deceive the people. In the name of teaching patriotic lessons to students in schools, they are spitting venom against Maoist revolutionaries. The aim of these reforms is to divide a section from the people, turn them into a stratum in the villages and use them as the main vehicles in the suppression of movements. We must expose the sham of these reforms among the people. We must make the people understand that their basic issues would not be solved through these and that establishment of New Democratic power by overthrow of this exploitative system is the solution.
Comrade Mao repeatedly taught us that only ‘People’s War that is conducted with a mass base would achieve victory’. People who can no longer bear the exploitation, oppression and suppression of the ruling classes and their mercenary armed forces joining the resistance wars on a huge scale with the inspiration of revolutionary party and People’s Army can be seen in Russia, China, Vietnam revolutionary movements and in several national liberation struggles. This people’s resistance is the perennial source of strength for the People’s Army. If the People’s Army is to expand with thousands and lakhs of members, then such people’s resistance struggles must be developed on a massive scale. Struggles like Lalgarh and Narayanapatna had already placed before us an ideal model.
Studying the political weaknesses of the Indian Army would be primary in defeating it.
It is clear that all the wars fought by the Indian Army were nothing but wars for the exploitation, suppression and oppression interests of the Indian exploiting classes. Its anti-people nature has already been exposed through this. So it would not have people’s support. This is its principal political weakness.
Though all the soldiers in the Indian Army were recruited from among the people, their working for the interests of the exploiting classes instead of for their class interests is a big contradiction. This means that they are serving a class that is not their own. Due to this contradiction, their nature would be mercenary instead of working with dedication. This is the reason for suicides and running away in these forces. Similarly, the impact of various progressive, revolutionary and national liberation struggles would be continuously hitting them. There is always the possibility of revolts in Army like in revolutionary movements such as Russia and China and their joining the revolutionary people’s armies and national liberation armies when they realize about the exploitation, suppression and oppression of their oppressed classes. This is the biggest weakness of the Indian Army which the Indian ruling classes claim as mighty. Due to its mercenary nature, strategically it would not have the will to fight bravely. It would not be able face the People’s Army that fights for the interests of the people and achieve strategic victory.
Indian Army does not have much experience in guerilla warfare and in fighting back guerilla warfare. The experience it gained in guerilla warfare and in fighting back guerilla warfare as part of suppressing nationality struggles, Punjab people’s struggle and as part of war of aggression on LTTE is very limited. It suffered a death blow in the war on LTTE.
The Indian Army itself had reviewed that it faced defeat in the war on LTTE as it did not have strong intelligence. In fact, it is difficult for an army that resorts to offensives on the people, i.e., an anti-people army to form a strong human intelligence too.
We must explain to the police, paramilitary and military forces the actual reasons for the contradictions between the lower level jawans and the officers in the Indian Army; between various armed forces and between the Army and the police. We must explain to them at every possible opportunity that they must not work like mercenary killers for the exploiting classes. We must give a call to the young women and men that they must not join the exploiting government armed forces, that they must boycott the enemy recruitment campaigns and agitate for a life to be lived with dignity. This call must be propagated widely.
As the enemy is trying hard to conduct information based offensives to annihilate the leadership forces from the top to the village level in the movement areas after achieving successes in inflicting losses to the party leadership forces outside the zones and is waiting for an opportunity by even deploying UAVs, the task of protecting the leadership becomes a very important one. For this, the party and the PLGA must pay attention to apply all kinds of counter-tactics continuously in practice. People’s intelligence must be strengthened from people’s resistance struggles. We must see to it that the information about the revolutionary movement’s leadership does not reach the enemy but that of the enemy reaches the party, PLGA, various mass organizations and the people. Some or the other kind of misinformation must be given to the enemy and rumors must be spread on a daily basis. We must increase the active participation of the people in this. We must face the issue of informer network of the enemy by putting continuous political efforts such that the understanding about class line and mass line develops among the people. The victory of New Democratic Revolution is linked with the defeat of the Indian Army. We must chase away the Indian Army and defeat it by taking up the basic and day to day issues of the people and by building a strong people’s resistance war for the right to live of the people.
Q 6 : What is the meaning of the slogan ‘Let us develop PLGA into PLA’ given by the party?
BR : We need three magic weapons to make the revolution successful – Party, Army and United Front. The weapons of People’s Army and United Front in the hands of the warrior named Party are very much needed for the victory of the revolution. Our Unity Congress-9th Congress gave the central, principal and immediate task - “Develop guerilla warfare into mobile warfare and PLGA into PLA to transform Dandakaranya and Bihar-Jharkhand into liberated areas” to the entire party, PLGA, revolutionary mass organizations, RPCs/Krantikari Janatana Sarkars. It is inevitable to develop PLGA into PLA if we are to build liberated areas. PLA means regular army. Only a regular army can develop guerilla warfare into mobile warfare. Due to the efforts put by PLGA under the leadership of our party in the past five years, the guerilla warfare is intensifying in various guerilla zones. PLGA conducted some actions that had mobile warfare nature. For example, the Mukaram-Tadimetla ambush, ‘Operation Ropeway’ – Nayagarh operation, Kajara, Lohardagga (Dhardharia) etc. It conducted several more operations too. This means that the PLGA is steeling itself gradually while waging war. Similarly, we must develop battalions and regiments by expanding the PLGA formations through increasing the political consciousness of the people through mass struggles, arming them and making them part of PW and by developing the process of recruitment step by step. It must gain grip over terrain, observe the weaknesses of the enemy, apply guerilla tactics according to time and space creatively and always keep initiative in its hands. It must gain the active support of the people, wipe out the enemy as far as possible, gain weapons, arm the new recruits and people and advance. We must put efforts in a planned manner to increase the fighting capacity of PLGA forces, to establish higher level discipline in them, to increase its weapon power by mainly depending on attacks on enemy forces and to gradually develop the auxiliary departments that are necessary for conducting war. It is only in this manner that we can develop PLGA into PLA. Only thus can we fulfill the central, principal and immediate task given by our party’s Unity Congress-9th Congress. This is the meaning of the slogan ‘Develop PLGA into PLA’.
August 13, 2012
BR : By December 2, 2010 PLGA completed one decade of its formation. It has been proven in this one decade that the formation of PLGA is a historic event. Never before has such a People’s Army been built in India’s history. This is the period when PLGA advanced with a mass base led by the proletarian party and based on worker-peasant unity and uniting with the petty bourgeois and national bourgeois classes. As a detachment of the international communist red army, the PLGA led by CPI (Maoist) is putting efforts with the aim of making success the World Socialist Revolution and to make success the New Democratic Revolution that is being carried on as part of it. It had been achieving several successes in this decade and was gradually developing its abilities so as to fulfill its historical role. The successes achieved by PLGA are as follows:
Formation of Central, State/Special Area/Special Zone Military Commissions; Regional, Zonal/Divisional/District, Area level Military Commands; Panchayat and Area level People’s Militia Commands.
The formation of PLGA as a structure consisting of three forces that work in an interdependent manner – Main, Secondary and Base forces.
The development of People’s Militia structures as a perennial source of recruitment into PLGA
Coordination of PW with mass struggles. PLGA stood in support of mass struggles and mass movements. For example, it stood in support of Singur, Nandigram, Lalgarh in West Bengal; Narayanapatna, Kalinganagar and other struggles in Odisha; anti-bauxite struggle in Visakha of Andhra Pradesh; anti-mining struggle in Surjagarh of Maharashtra; various anti-mining struggles in Jharkhand; anti-displacement struggles in Lohandiguda, Raoghat, Pallemadi, Bodhghat etc in Chhattisgarh.
PLGA that was formed in an embryonic form on December 2, 1999 gradually expanded and developed to company and battalion level. It expanded with education, medical, technical, communications, supply, intelligence, and instructor teams and guards units and is advancing towards the formation of PLA (regular army).
In dozens of campaigns conducted as part of hundreds of tactical counter-offensives like Kalimela, Srisailam-Sundipenta, Garhwa, Jagpura, Balagunj, Yellamanda, Uppalada, Barah, Ladipur-Sahugunj, Chandrapura, Saranda-1, Japla, Koraput, Saranda-2, Giridih, Jehanabad, R. Udayagiri, NMDC, Ranibodili, Bokaro, Kiriburu, Goelkera, Nayagarh, Jhajha, Lakhisarai, Urpalmetta, Tadimetla-1, Tonguda, Battiguda, Markanar, Tavvetola, Madanveda, Laheri, Mukaram-Tadimetla-2, Kongera, Kajara, Mamayil, Saranda resistance (2010) – several offensive campaigns of the enemy were defeated. Moreover, 2,000 enemy soldiers were wiped out, 2,500 weapons and more than one lakh rounds of ammunition were seized. Hundreds of land lords, people’s enemies, reactionaries, enemy agents, informers, coverts, various counter-revolutionary private armies like Salwa Judum, Sendra, Nagrik Suraksha Samiti, Bhumi Sena, social fascist Harmad Vahihi, Santi Sena goons, goonda leaders and cruel political leaders belonging to various bourgeois and revisionist parties were annihilated.
PLGA served as a magic weapon in the building of Panchayat, Area and District level Revolutionary People’s Committees where political power of the enemy has been destroyed in the strategic areas.
PLGA served as the principal instrument for fulfilling political, organizational, propaganda, defence and production tasks.
The Red Army detachment of India – the PLGA stood as a ray of hope for the oppressed and suppressed masses and oppressed nations of our country and the world.
Arousing the women who are half the sky and developing them in political, organizational, military, cultural and other spheres so that they can lay claim to their share in struggle and helping the working class women gain self-reliance.
Q 5 : The government is making preparations to deploy Army if the police and paramilitary forces fail to fight back the Maoists. How would you fight back the Army?
BR : How we would fight back the Army depends on the aim with which the Indian Army is being deployed in our areas. In fact, it is the state machinery consisting of armed forces (Army, paramilitary, special and police forces), judicial system, jails, bureaucracy etc that conducts the affairs of the state. The primary components of this state machinery are its military armed forces. So, an army belongs to the state. There is not a single army in this world that does not belong to a state. But what kind of a state is that? The present Indian state machinery serves as an instrument for the exploiting class rule of CBB and big land lords that serve the imperialists, for class oppression and class exploitation. Thus the Indian Army that came as a legacy of the British imperialists to the Indian comprador government is counter-revolutionary too.
According to the Indian Constitution, the primary task of the Indian armed forces is to defend the borders of the country from the aggression of other countries and to serve the people during natural disasters. But the Indian governments goaded its army on its own people several times. An army official stated the fact that the Indian Army participated in battles on the borders of our country for mere 143 days. In the name of so-called internal security it first waged war on Telangana people for the interests of the exploiting classes on the pretext of ‘liberation from Nizam’ (from September 1948 to October 1951). Later it occupied North-East states and Kashmir. In July 1971, it carried on suppressive offensive on the struggle of Birbhum revolutionary masses. Similarly in 1990, they completely used the Indian Army on the pretext of ‘training’ against the will of the Punjab people. In these cruel suppressive campaigns – 30,000 people in North-East, 80,000 in Kashmir, 10,000 in Punjab, 5,000 in Telangana armed struggle (1946-51) and 200 people and activists in Birbhum were massacred. If we add the 13,000 women and men who lost their lives in the Maoist movement and in massacres carried on from Naxalbari and Srikakulam to the present by the paramilitary, police and special commando forces, lakhs of people were slaughtered by the government armed forces. Lakhs of people were tortured and put in jails. People’s property worth crores of rupees was looted, razed down. Thousands of young women and men went missing. What do all these atrocities indicate? Is it not getting proved that the Army, paramilitary and police forces do not hesitate to massacre the people for the interests of these exploiting country-selling ruling classes (CBB, big land lords) for the super profits of imperialists? Are they not proving on their own that they are the running dogs of the imperialists? Did they not implement the government-dictated cruel, violent and murderous policies? These forces would never abandon these policies.
Recently, with the aim of wiping out the Maoist movement, Indian Army is advancing in phases towards areas in DK where the movement is strong since the end of May 2011 in the name of training. We can imagine what the results would be. Handing over the Maad hills that abound natural riches to imperialists and corporate companies, particularly occupying 750 sq.k.m. area in the Maad hills where the most ancient Adivasi community in the world – the Mariya Adivasis live and displacing them is its aim. Apart from this, wiping out our party and the party leadership that is advancing the various Adivasi communities in DK along the revolutionary path is the other important aim behind this. Thus, this is not only anti-people but also reactionary. Maoism clarifies to us that even such a reactionary Indian Army can be defeated through PPW. The history of China and Vietnam People’s Wars is an indisputable example for this.
The enemy is conducting the offensive with the aim of wiping out the revolutionary movement within 3 to 7 years period. Our aim would be to extend this as far as possible thus bogging down the Indian Army in a protracted war that cannot be solved in any manner. Indian Armies have not yet been relieved from the suppressive operations being conducted on North-East nationality struggles and Kashmir nationality struggle. In a way, these got bogged down in a war since a long time there. We must push the Indian Armies to a situation where they cannot concentrate anywhere by intensifying the guerilla warfare in several guerilla zones and by creating newer guerilla zones. We must develop guerilla warfare as an invincible warfare that can never be wiped out by the enemy by linking the struggles on people’s day to day issues, political, economic and rights movements with guerilla warfare and conducting them in a militant manner both in armed and unarmed methods.
Displacement is an important life and death issue at present for the people. People are fighting against the displacement policies of the Indian exploiting ruling classes. Our party, PLGA, revolutionary mass organizations, revolutionary Janatana Sarkars and People’s Militia must integrate further with those people. They must integrate with them like fish in water. These must be transformed into militant struggles from the beginning so that they can strongly fight back the military and police forces that come to suppress these struggles.
The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) coming into force along with the deployment of the Army and increase in mopping up measures like massacres of common people, missing of people, arrests, atrocities on women, razing down of villages, loot of people’s properties, destruction, fake encounter deaths as a result can be seen all along the history of the Army. So, we must mobilize people on a huge scale against AFSPA. We must mobilize all the forces that would come together with the slogan ‘Indian Army Go Back’ and form a broad united front thus isolating the enemy. People must be mobilized vastly against fake encounters and for handing over of dead bodies to the families. People’s resistance struggles must be taken up. People’s movements must be conducted for civil rights. Only when we develop people’s movements as militant resistance struggles can we bring a sea change in PW.
The enemy is implementing ‘Integrated Action Plan’ as part of ‘Development activities-Police actions’ policy by following the tactic of ‘Winning Hearts and Minds’ as part of LIC policy. They are giving importance to building roads, electricity, communications etc than for providing basic necessities like irrigation. The paramilitary officers and even military officials who came recently to DK are conducting Civic Action Programs in villages. They are conducting meetings with people. Military is doing voluntary labor as never before to deceive the people. In the name of teaching patriotic lessons to students in schools, they are spitting venom against Maoist revolutionaries. The aim of these reforms is to divide a section from the people, turn them into a stratum in the villages and use them as the main vehicles in the suppression of movements. We must expose the sham of these reforms among the people. We must make the people understand that their basic issues would not be solved through these and that establishment of New Democratic power by overthrow of this exploitative system is the solution.
Comrade Mao repeatedly taught us that only ‘People’s War that is conducted with a mass base would achieve victory’. People who can no longer bear the exploitation, oppression and suppression of the ruling classes and their mercenary armed forces joining the resistance wars on a huge scale with the inspiration of revolutionary party and People’s Army can be seen in Russia, China, Vietnam revolutionary movements and in several national liberation struggles. This people’s resistance is the perennial source of strength for the People’s Army. If the People’s Army is to expand with thousands and lakhs of members, then such people’s resistance struggles must be developed on a massive scale. Struggles like Lalgarh and Narayanapatna had already placed before us an ideal model.
Studying the political weaknesses of the Indian Army would be primary in defeating it.
It is clear that all the wars fought by the Indian Army were nothing but wars for the exploitation, suppression and oppression interests of the Indian exploiting classes. Its anti-people nature has already been exposed through this. So it would not have people’s support. This is its principal political weakness.
Though all the soldiers in the Indian Army were recruited from among the people, their working for the interests of the exploiting classes instead of for their class interests is a big contradiction. This means that they are serving a class that is not their own. Due to this contradiction, their nature would be mercenary instead of working with dedication. This is the reason for suicides and running away in these forces. Similarly, the impact of various progressive, revolutionary and national liberation struggles would be continuously hitting them. There is always the possibility of revolts in Army like in revolutionary movements such as Russia and China and their joining the revolutionary people’s armies and national liberation armies when they realize about the exploitation, suppression and oppression of their oppressed classes. This is the biggest weakness of the Indian Army which the Indian ruling classes claim as mighty. Due to its mercenary nature, strategically it would not have the will to fight bravely. It would not be able face the People’s Army that fights for the interests of the people and achieve strategic victory.
Indian Army does not have much experience in guerilla warfare and in fighting back guerilla warfare. The experience it gained in guerilla warfare and in fighting back guerilla warfare as part of suppressing nationality struggles, Punjab people’s struggle and as part of war of aggression on LTTE is very limited. It suffered a death blow in the war on LTTE.
The Indian Army itself had reviewed that it faced defeat in the war on LTTE as it did not have strong intelligence. In fact, it is difficult for an army that resorts to offensives on the people, i.e., an anti-people army to form a strong human intelligence too.
We must explain to the police, paramilitary and military forces the actual reasons for the contradictions between the lower level jawans and the officers in the Indian Army; between various armed forces and between the Army and the police. We must explain to them at every possible opportunity that they must not work like mercenary killers for the exploiting classes. We must give a call to the young women and men that they must not join the exploiting government armed forces, that they must boycott the enemy recruitment campaigns and agitate for a life to be lived with dignity. This call must be propagated widely.
As the enemy is trying hard to conduct information based offensives to annihilate the leadership forces from the top to the village level in the movement areas after achieving successes in inflicting losses to the party leadership forces outside the zones and is waiting for an opportunity by even deploying UAVs, the task of protecting the leadership becomes a very important one. For this, the party and the PLGA must pay attention to apply all kinds of counter-tactics continuously in practice. People’s intelligence must be strengthened from people’s resistance struggles. We must see to it that the information about the revolutionary movement’s leadership does not reach the enemy but that of the enemy reaches the party, PLGA, various mass organizations and the people. Some or the other kind of misinformation must be given to the enemy and rumors must be spread on a daily basis. We must increase the active participation of the people in this. We must face the issue of informer network of the enemy by putting continuous political efforts such that the understanding about class line and mass line develops among the people. The victory of New Democratic Revolution is linked with the defeat of the Indian Army. We must chase away the Indian Army and defeat it by taking up the basic and day to day issues of the people and by building a strong people’s resistance war for the right to live of the people.
Q 6 : What is the meaning of the slogan ‘Let us develop PLGA into PLA’ given by the party?
BR : We need three magic weapons to make the revolution successful – Party, Army and United Front. The weapons of People’s Army and United Front in the hands of the warrior named Party are very much needed for the victory of the revolution. Our Unity Congress-9th Congress gave the central, principal and immediate task - “Develop guerilla warfare into mobile warfare and PLGA into PLA to transform Dandakaranya and Bihar-Jharkhand into liberated areas” to the entire party, PLGA, revolutionary mass organizations, RPCs/Krantikari Janatana Sarkars. It is inevitable to develop PLGA into PLA if we are to build liberated areas. PLA means regular army. Only a regular army can develop guerilla warfare into mobile warfare. Due to the efforts put by PLGA under the leadership of our party in the past five years, the guerilla warfare is intensifying in various guerilla zones. PLGA conducted some actions that had mobile warfare nature. For example, the Mukaram-Tadimetla ambush, ‘Operation Ropeway’ – Nayagarh operation, Kajara, Lohardagga (Dhardharia) etc. It conducted several more operations too. This means that the PLGA is steeling itself gradually while waging war. Similarly, we must develop battalions and regiments by expanding the PLGA formations through increasing the political consciousness of the people through mass struggles, arming them and making them part of PW and by developing the process of recruitment step by step. It must gain grip over terrain, observe the weaknesses of the enemy, apply guerilla tactics according to time and space creatively and always keep initiative in its hands. It must gain the active support of the people, wipe out the enemy as far as possible, gain weapons, arm the new recruits and people and advance. We must put efforts in a planned manner to increase the fighting capacity of PLGA forces, to establish higher level discipline in them, to increase its weapon power by mainly depending on attacks on enemy forces and to gradually develop the auxiliary departments that are necessary for conducting war. It is only in this manner that we can develop PLGA into PLA. Only thus can we fulfill the central, principal and immediate task given by our party’s Unity Congress-9th Congress. This is the meaning of the slogan ‘Develop PLGA into PLA’.
August 13, 2012
原文
Interview given by CMC In-Charge Comrade Basavaraj for
‘Pahat’
Official organ of
Maharashtra State Committee,
CPI (Maoist)
Q 1 : Manmohan is saying that Maoists are the biggest internal security threat to the country. Maoists are saying that they are waging People’s War (PW). How would you define People’s War?
BR : Several democrats have already answered this question many times. We must try to find an answer to this by questioning what the reason is behind PM Manmohan Singh stating that Maoists are the biggest threat to the country. How can Maoists fighting for the interests of oppressed masses like workers and peasants of our country, for solving basic problems of the people, for a democratic economic system that promises political power and self-reliance for 90% of the population, for sovereignty of our country and for preserving the resources of our country be termed as biggest threat to the security of the country?
He announced for the first time in 2006 that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is the biggest internal security threat to the country. Just some time earlier on September 21, 2004 two revolutionary parties CPI (ML) [PW] and MCCI that carried on their practice in the Indian revolutionary movement for a long time as two different streams merged into a single stream and CPI (Maoist) emerged. The People’s Guerilla Army and the People’s Liberation Guerilla Army that had been formed under their leadership merged and the new ‘People’s Liberation Guerilla Army’ (PLGA) was formed. Already by then, the Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and other state governments had signed MoUs with several corporate companies belonging to the comprador bureaucratic bourgeoisie (CBB) and the imperialists to loot the mineral deposits and the natural resources in the Adivasi areas. Corporate companies like Tata, Essar, Jindal, Mittal, Vedanta, Jaiswals NECO are swiftly penetrating into these areas. The comprador ruling class parties like the ruling UPA led by Congress, NDA led by BJP, CPI, CPI (M) and other regional parties are kowtowing before them. In exchange for kickbacks worth crores of rupees, they are not hesitating to mortgage not only the riches of the country but even its sovereignty. In the background of the severe economic crisis that burst out all over the world since 2008, severe contention for the exploitation of natural resources in the backward countries began. Bourgeois economists are themselves claiming that this crisis is very deep and surpasses the economic crisis of the 1930s. As a result, the imperialist and corporate companies are trying to loot the natural resources of our country more aggressively. But the Indian people are opposing this because allowing this complete exploitation would result in the destruction of Jal-Jungle-Zameen and displacement of millions of people and would in no way result in ‘development’ as claimed by the country’s rulers. We are demanding that Jal-Jungle-Zameen must belong to the Adivasis. CPI (Maoist) is standing in the forefront in the people’s resistance struggle. As a result, MoUs worth lakhs of crores of rupees are not getting implemented. In several places mining came to a standstill. People are chasing away the mining mafias. The works of several heavy industries have stopped. The construction of several big dams stopped. Due to this, corporate companies and their imperialist masters, particularly the US imperialists are getting mad.
Thus on the one hand the people, who are opposing the sham development of the exploiting ruling classes and the revolutionary masses led by our party in various areas of our country including Dandakaranya (DK) and Bihar-Jharkhand where revolutionary movement is stronger, are forming revolutionary democratic political power organs at a primary level. The alternative development model brought forth by the ‘Revolutionary People’s Committee’ (RPC) or the ‘Krantikari Janatana Sarkar’ built by the oppressed masses by destroying the power of feudal lords and other reactionary forces is posing a serious challenge to the present political power of the feudal lords and comprador bureaucratic bourgeoisie (CBB).
Exactly due to this reason, the Indian comprador ruling classes tried severely to wipe out the revolutionary movement from 2004 to 2008 through counter-revolutionary campaigns, organizations and private armies like Sendra, Nagrik Suraksha Samiti in Jharkhand, various kinds of feudal private armies and reactionary organizations in Bihar, Salwa Judum in DK, social fascist Harmad Bahini and Bhairav Bahini belonging to Trinamool Congress in West Bengal and Santi Committee in Narayanapatna (Odisha) area. They launched Operation Green Hunt (OGH) since 2009. It reached the second stage at present. This is getting intensified with each passing day and is taking a most cruel fascist form. 13 revolutionary activists were massacred in Longo village in East Singhbhum district in Jharkhand in 2003; nearly thousand common Adivasi people were massacred, 664 villages were razed down and 60,000 Adivasi people were displaced in Dantewada, Bijapur and Bastar districts during the white terror of Salwa Judum from 2005 to 2008; several covert murders including the murder of ten revolutionary activists in Manala covert operation in Nizamabad district in North Telangana in February 2005 and murder of nine revolutionary activists in Badwel covert operation in Andhra Pradesh (AP) in November 2006; massacre of nine revolutionary activists in Bhitar Amda covert operation in East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand in February 2008; massacre of 18 revolutionary activists in Kanchal (Bijapur district, DK) covert operation in March 2008; as part of OGH launched in 2009 - massacre of nearly 130 Adivasis in Lalgarh area; massacre of more than 250 Adivasis in DK; massacre of eight revolutionary activists in Phulwaria Kodasi (Jamui district, Bihar) in January 2010; poisoning and murdering of ten revolutionary activists on the banks of Ganga in September in the same district; the recent massacre of 20 people in the ‘Basaguda-Sarkinguda’ in Bijapur district (DK) in Chhattisgarh on June 28, 2012 – all these dozens of massacres are all indisputable proof of the War on People waged by the Indian ruling classes in the name of wiping out the ‘internal threat’.
The thing to be noticed by everyone is that this OGH is not just limited to the Maoist movement areas. This considers every person, every organization that proves to be a hurdle to corporate loot as its enemy. Turning the vast area consisting of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, AP and Maharashtra, the so-called ‘red corridor’ into ‘corporate corridor’ and ‘mopping up’ everybody that proves to be a hurdle to this is its aim. That is why several democrats in our country are describing OGH as ‘War on People’. Clearly, the reply to this OGH or the ‘War on People’ is People’s War. This means that we must give a reply by coordinating mass struggles and the armed struggle waged for political power of the people, by making the people understand that People’s War is waged exclusively for the interests of the people and by bringing out their creativity, bravery and valor. It is possible to stop and defeat OGH only through People’s War and there is no other way.
That is why we are defining People’s War as a war where all classes and sections of people targeted by the OGH unify and fight under the leadership of the proletarian party against imperialists, their corporate companies and this country’s feudal and CBB ruling classes that kowtow to them. If the PW is to achieve its aim, the Maoist principle says that ‘armed struggle is the principal form of struggle and People’s Army is the principal form of organization’. So, the guerilla war waged by the PLGA under the leadership of the party in the guerilla zones and red resistance areas in the strategic areas plays the prominent role in PW. It is not possible to wage guerilla war without a strong mass base. For this, we are arousing the oppressed masses that are getting crushed under the heels of the imperialist, CBB and big land lords and putting efforts to build a united front of the four classes on the basis of the worker-peasant unity and consisting of petty bourgeois and national bourgeois classes. We are taking up legal-illegal, armed-unarmed mass struggles, struggles on day to day issues, and on political and rights issues in both open and secret methods. Oppressed masses are carrying on their struggle in several forms. Our party is putting efforts to ensure that all these struggles are waged against the common enemy and get coordinated with the armed struggle waged for the seizure of political power by overthrowing the rule of the exploiting ruling classes.
Q 2 : The government is using the LIC policy to fight the revolt of the Maoists. What is your answer to this strategy of the government?
BR : It is a fact that the Indian exploiting ruling classes are using the US imperialist dictated LIC (Low Intensity Conflict) strategy and are concentrating the entire state machinery to wipe out the revolutionary movement led by our party. All democrats who are fighting against state violence know this fact. LIC is nothing but an imperialist neo-colonial form of the feudal political principle that states that the enemy must be destroyed by using all kinds of methods – deliberation, carrot, divide and stick. There is no scope for justice in this. Its aim is to wipe out the enemy (for the ruling classes enemy means Maoists who represent the four classes consisting of workers-peasants, middle class and national bourgeoisie). The LIC strategy formulated by the US imperialists is the present-day theory of counter-insurgency.
LIC is the counter-revolutionary theory formulated and used by the imperialists, particularly US imperialists after Second World War against the just struggles of the oppressed nations and oppressed masses of the colonial and semi-colonial countries in the world. After Second World War the imperialists learnt lessons from the defeats suffered in fighting back the revolutions – the French imperialists in Indo-China and Algeria; British imperialists in Palestine, Cyprus and Malaysia, US imperialists in Indo-China, particularly in Vietnam – and formulated the counter-revolutionary warfare i.e., the LIC strategy against Protracted People’s Wars and national liberation movements. This diverts the people from getting politically mobilized and consolidated under the leadership of revolutionary organizations and from waging armed struggle. In other words, devastating just revolutionary wars, suppressing and surrendering the people who are the base and support for these revolutionary wars is the aim of LIC. This strategy is being implemented in a deceitful manner in political, ideological, organizational, military, economic and cultural spheres, with immediate and long-term schemes; openly and secretly; directly and indirectly and in armed and unarmed methods. There is no end to the scheming and conspiracies of the imperialists and the Indian ruling classes who are their reliable lackeys. That is why we call this the most deceitful, reactionary, cruel and destructive policy.
Imperialism considerably weakened during the Second World War. Indirect rule in place of imperialist direct rule on colonies and neo-colonialism in place of colonialism became a common feature. Even before the completion of anti-feudal democratic revolutions and anti-imperialist national democratic revolutions in semi-colonial countries, the local big land lords and comprador bourgeoisie who have colluded with the imperialists and are their loyal dogs seized power in the garb of independence and are carrying on dictatorial rules and serving as the base for neo-colonial exploitation. Simultaneously, Maoism and PPW gained recognition of the world proletariat and the oppressed masses as the higher stage of Marxism-Leninism and the path of liberation for colonial and semi-colonial countries respectively. With the disintegration of Soviet Union and its fall as a Super Power, US came to the fore as the world gendarme and the no.1 enemy of the oppressed nations, people and the revolutionary movements. As the world capitalist system went on facing crises, all the measures taken by it including neo-liberal economic policies failed and it is bogged down in a world-wide severe crisis. The sham of independence, sovereignty and democracy in semi-colonial and semi-feudal countries is getting exposed and the rulers of these countries are getting exposed as compradors and puppets of imperialists, as oppressors of people and as arch enemies to democracy, progress, freedom, sovereignty and self-reliance and as the main hurdle to all mass movements. In several countries, Maoist parties took up the path of PPW, built People’s Armies and are waging guerilla warfare since a long time. It was in such a backdrop that LIC was formulated as the multi-pronged strategy of the imperialists to continue their neo-colonial exploitation and to suppress and surrender any kind of anti-imperialist movements, revolutionary movements and national liberation revolts.
US economy is based on wars. It is still able to survive only by selling weapons, war-related technology, war planes, UAVs and war related material. It would collapse as soon as wars stop. In all the countries where LIC strategy is being implemented, the imperialists are rapidly turning the economic, political, cultural, civic, administrative, legal and military departments and machinery into fascist institutions. As part of this, the ruling classes in our country are forming special police, paramilitary and military forces on a huge scale very rapidly with the evil design of disintegrating the People’s War in our country and the just national liberation movements of Kashmir and North-East and surrendering the people. They are building special intelligence departments at centre and in the states. The entire civic-military departments are being centralized. They are carrying on psychological warfare on a huge scale to divert the people from basic problems and the fundamental revolutionary path of solving them and to push them towards sham development and fake peace. They are using special forces and are carrying on inhuman massacres and destruction in the name of counter-insurgency operations on a severe scale. Psychological warfare is also being carried on as severely. While these are being carried on vastly and severely, internal dictatorship and the control of imperialists are also increasing on the same scale. Due to this the exploitation and oppression of the oppressed nations and masses are also increasing on the same scale. On the other hand, the intensifying world capitalist economic and political crisis is jolting all the spheres in our country. Our country is increasingly going into the hands of the imperialists and degenerating more than ever. Due to the billions of dollars of debts borrowed by the Indian rulers since 1991 from imperialist institutions like IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank, the economy of our country is nearing collapse. Exactly due to this, the economies of countries like Indonesia, Argentina, Uruguay, Mexico and Peru got bogged down in debt crisis and collapsed due to bankruptcy of small and medium industries, unemployment, fall in purchasing power and price rises. This experience is going to be repeated in our country too. In spite of knowing this, the think tanks of imperialists and the comprador rulers of our country are propagating that India is going to become a Super Power by 2030. They are trying to include our country as a junior partner in contention with China. The imperialists are pouring in billions of dollars for the creation of mind control manuals through psychologists to carry on psychological warfare on the people to turn their minds in accordance i.e., to make them believe that a country getting bogged down in crisis would develop into a Super Power. In fact, excepting billionaires and millionaires, common people are all getting severely affected due to severe economic crisis. As a result, all social contradictions along with the major, fundamental and principal contradictions are intensifying. Contrary to the expectations of imperialists and the comprador rulers from the LIC strategy, the People’s War led by our party CPI (Maoist) is developing through ups and downs in a manner that proves that this strategy is bound to be ultimately defeated and that victory of people is inevitable. Though nationality movements are also facing ups and downs, they are also continuously flaring. All this is proving that it is possible to defeat LIC through PPW.
Our party Central Committee discussed in detail about the imperialist LIC strategy and formulated a policy in December 2008 to fight it back and defeat it. We believe that we would be able to defeat it by concentrating and working on ideological, political, economic, cultural and military affairs as mentioned in that policy.
For this sake, we are firm on the matter of our party’s political line and the military strategy that would advance the revolutionary movement in the path of PPW. We are being flexible in the matter of tactics. We are putting efforts to vastly mobilize the oppressed masses in class struggle apart from imparting Marxism-Leninism-Maoism to increase the active role of millions of oppressed masses in People’s War. We are intensifying our fight against reformism, economism, revisionism, Gandhian peace, post-modernism, sham democracy and fake independence that are proving a hurdle to this and taking our understanding into the people.
We are putting efforts to increase and strengthen our mass base. We are adhering firmly to class line and mass line and are putting efforts to politically mobilize the masses and make them participate in PW. We are trying to build a vast anti-imperialist, anti-feudal united front by mobilizing masses of oppressed classes and sections. We are working with the viewpoint of extending PW all over the country by expanding and intensifying guerilla warfare. Our party is trying to fight back through revolutionary propaganda the psychological warfare and foul propaganda carried on a huge scale by the exploiting ruling classes as part of LIC to damage the Maoist People’s War. It is placing before the people the facts about the revolutionary movement from time to time.
Interview given by CMC In-Charge Comrade Basavaraj for
‘Pahat’
Official organ of
Maharashtra State Committee,
CPI (Maoist)
Q 1 : Manmohan is saying that Maoists are the biggest internal security threat to the country. Maoists are saying that they are waging People’s War (PW). How would you define People’s War?
BR : Several democrats have already answered this question many times. We must try to find an answer to this by questioning what the reason is behind PM Manmohan Singh stating that Maoists are the biggest threat to the country. How can Maoists fighting for the interests of oppressed masses like workers and peasants of our country, for solving basic problems of the people, for a democratic economic system that promises political power and self-reliance for 90% of the population, for sovereignty of our country and for preserving the resources of our country be termed as biggest threat to the security of the country?
He announced for the first time in 2006 that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is the biggest internal security threat to the country. Just some time earlier on September 21, 2004 two revolutionary parties CPI (ML) [PW] and MCCI that carried on their practice in the Indian revolutionary movement for a long time as two different streams merged into a single stream and CPI (Maoist) emerged. The People’s Guerilla Army and the People’s Liberation Guerilla Army that had been formed under their leadership merged and the new ‘People’s Liberation Guerilla Army’ (PLGA) was formed. Already by then, the Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and other state governments had signed MoUs with several corporate companies belonging to the comprador bureaucratic bourgeoisie (CBB) and the imperialists to loot the mineral deposits and the natural resources in the Adivasi areas. Corporate companies like Tata, Essar, Jindal, Mittal, Vedanta, Jaiswals NECO are swiftly penetrating into these areas. The comprador ruling class parties like the ruling UPA led by Congress, NDA led by BJP, CPI, CPI (M) and other regional parties are kowtowing before them. In exchange for kickbacks worth crores of rupees, they are not hesitating to mortgage not only the riches of the country but even its sovereignty. In the background of the severe economic crisis that burst out all over the world since 2008, severe contention for the exploitation of natural resources in the backward countries began. Bourgeois economists are themselves claiming that this crisis is very deep and surpasses the economic crisis of the 1930s. As a result, the imperialist and corporate companies are trying to loot the natural resources of our country more aggressively. But the Indian people are opposing this because allowing this complete exploitation would result in the destruction of Jal-Jungle-Zameen and displacement of millions of people and would in no way result in ‘development’ as claimed by the country’s rulers. We are demanding that Jal-Jungle-Zameen must belong to the Adivasis. CPI (Maoist) is standing in the forefront in the people’s resistance struggle. As a result, MoUs worth lakhs of crores of rupees are not getting implemented. In several places mining came to a standstill. People are chasing away the mining mafias. The works of several heavy industries have stopped. The construction of several big dams stopped. Due to this, corporate companies and their imperialist masters, particularly the US imperialists are getting mad.
Thus on the one hand the people, who are opposing the sham development of the exploiting ruling classes and the revolutionary masses led by our party in various areas of our country including Dandakaranya (DK) and Bihar-Jharkhand where revolutionary movement is stronger, are forming revolutionary democratic political power organs at a primary level. The alternative development model brought forth by the ‘Revolutionary People’s Committee’ (RPC) or the ‘Krantikari Janatana Sarkar’ built by the oppressed masses by destroying the power of feudal lords and other reactionary forces is posing a serious challenge to the present political power of the feudal lords and comprador bureaucratic bourgeoisie (CBB).
Exactly due to this reason, the Indian comprador ruling classes tried severely to wipe out the revolutionary movement from 2004 to 2008 through counter-revolutionary campaigns, organizations and private armies like Sendra, Nagrik Suraksha Samiti in Jharkhand, various kinds of feudal private armies and reactionary organizations in Bihar, Salwa Judum in DK, social fascist Harmad Bahini and Bhairav Bahini belonging to Trinamool Congress in West Bengal and Santi Committee in Narayanapatna (Odisha) area. They launched Operation Green Hunt (OGH) since 2009. It reached the second stage at present. This is getting intensified with each passing day and is taking a most cruel fascist form. 13 revolutionary activists were massacred in Longo village in East Singhbhum district in Jharkhand in 2003; nearly thousand common Adivasi people were massacred, 664 villages were razed down and 60,000 Adivasi people were displaced in Dantewada, Bijapur and Bastar districts during the white terror of Salwa Judum from 2005 to 2008; several covert murders including the murder of ten revolutionary activists in Manala covert operation in Nizamabad district in North Telangana in February 2005 and murder of nine revolutionary activists in Badwel covert operation in Andhra Pradesh (AP) in November 2006; massacre of nine revolutionary activists in Bhitar Amda covert operation in East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand in February 2008; massacre of 18 revolutionary activists in Kanchal (Bijapur district, DK) covert operation in March 2008; as part of OGH launched in 2009 - massacre of nearly 130 Adivasis in Lalgarh area; massacre of more than 250 Adivasis in DK; massacre of eight revolutionary activists in Phulwaria Kodasi (Jamui district, Bihar) in January 2010; poisoning and murdering of ten revolutionary activists on the banks of Ganga in September in the same district; the recent massacre of 20 people in the ‘Basaguda-Sarkinguda’ in Bijapur district (DK) in Chhattisgarh on June 28, 2012 – all these dozens of massacres are all indisputable proof of the War on People waged by the Indian ruling classes in the name of wiping out the ‘internal threat’.
The thing to be noticed by everyone is that this OGH is not just limited to the Maoist movement areas. This considers every person, every organization that proves to be a hurdle to corporate loot as its enemy. Turning the vast area consisting of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, AP and Maharashtra, the so-called ‘red corridor’ into ‘corporate corridor’ and ‘mopping up’ everybody that proves to be a hurdle to this is its aim. That is why several democrats in our country are describing OGH as ‘War on People’. Clearly, the reply to this OGH or the ‘War on People’ is People’s War. This means that we must give a reply by coordinating mass struggles and the armed struggle waged for political power of the people, by making the people understand that People’s War is waged exclusively for the interests of the people and by bringing out their creativity, bravery and valor. It is possible to stop and defeat OGH only through People’s War and there is no other way.
That is why we are defining People’s War as a war where all classes and sections of people targeted by the OGH unify and fight under the leadership of the proletarian party against imperialists, their corporate companies and this country’s feudal and CBB ruling classes that kowtow to them. If the PW is to achieve its aim, the Maoist principle says that ‘armed struggle is the principal form of struggle and People’s Army is the principal form of organization’. So, the guerilla war waged by the PLGA under the leadership of the party in the guerilla zones and red resistance areas in the strategic areas plays the prominent role in PW. It is not possible to wage guerilla war without a strong mass base. For this, we are arousing the oppressed masses that are getting crushed under the heels of the imperialist, CBB and big land lords and putting efforts to build a united front of the four classes on the basis of the worker-peasant unity and consisting of petty bourgeois and national bourgeois classes. We are taking up legal-illegal, armed-unarmed mass struggles, struggles on day to day issues, and on political and rights issues in both open and secret methods. Oppressed masses are carrying on their struggle in several forms. Our party is putting efforts to ensure that all these struggles are waged against the common enemy and get coordinated with the armed struggle waged for the seizure of political power by overthrowing the rule of the exploiting ruling classes.
Q 2 : The government is using the LIC policy to fight the revolt of the Maoists. What is your answer to this strategy of the government?
BR : It is a fact that the Indian exploiting ruling classes are using the US imperialist dictated LIC (Low Intensity Conflict) strategy and are concentrating the entire state machinery to wipe out the revolutionary movement led by our party. All democrats who are fighting against state violence know this fact. LIC is nothing but an imperialist neo-colonial form of the feudal political principle that states that the enemy must be destroyed by using all kinds of methods – deliberation, carrot, divide and stick. There is no scope for justice in this. Its aim is to wipe out the enemy (for the ruling classes enemy means Maoists who represent the four classes consisting of workers-peasants, middle class and national bourgeoisie). The LIC strategy formulated by the US imperialists is the present-day theory of counter-insurgency.
LIC is the counter-revolutionary theory formulated and used by the imperialists, particularly US imperialists after Second World War against the just struggles of the oppressed nations and oppressed masses of the colonial and semi-colonial countries in the world. After Second World War the imperialists learnt lessons from the defeats suffered in fighting back the revolutions – the French imperialists in Indo-China and Algeria; British imperialists in Palestine, Cyprus and Malaysia, US imperialists in Indo-China, particularly in Vietnam – and formulated the counter-revolutionary warfare i.e., the LIC strategy against Protracted People’s Wars and national liberation movements. This diverts the people from getting politically mobilized and consolidated under the leadership of revolutionary organizations and from waging armed struggle. In other words, devastating just revolutionary wars, suppressing and surrendering the people who are the base and support for these revolutionary wars is the aim of LIC. This strategy is being implemented in a deceitful manner in political, ideological, organizational, military, economic and cultural spheres, with immediate and long-term schemes; openly and secretly; directly and indirectly and in armed and unarmed methods. There is no end to the scheming and conspiracies of the imperialists and the Indian ruling classes who are their reliable lackeys. That is why we call this the most deceitful, reactionary, cruel and destructive policy.
Imperialism considerably weakened during the Second World War. Indirect rule in place of imperialist direct rule on colonies and neo-colonialism in place of colonialism became a common feature. Even before the completion of anti-feudal democratic revolutions and anti-imperialist national democratic revolutions in semi-colonial countries, the local big land lords and comprador bourgeoisie who have colluded with the imperialists and are their loyal dogs seized power in the garb of independence and are carrying on dictatorial rules and serving as the base for neo-colonial exploitation. Simultaneously, Maoism and PPW gained recognition of the world proletariat and the oppressed masses as the higher stage of Marxism-Leninism and the path of liberation for colonial and semi-colonial countries respectively. With the disintegration of Soviet Union and its fall as a Super Power, US came to the fore as the world gendarme and the no.1 enemy of the oppressed nations, people and the revolutionary movements. As the world capitalist system went on facing crises, all the measures taken by it including neo-liberal economic policies failed and it is bogged down in a world-wide severe crisis. The sham of independence, sovereignty and democracy in semi-colonial and semi-feudal countries is getting exposed and the rulers of these countries are getting exposed as compradors and puppets of imperialists, as oppressors of people and as arch enemies to democracy, progress, freedom, sovereignty and self-reliance and as the main hurdle to all mass movements. In several countries, Maoist parties took up the path of PPW, built People’s Armies and are waging guerilla warfare since a long time. It was in such a backdrop that LIC was formulated as the multi-pronged strategy of the imperialists to continue their neo-colonial exploitation and to suppress and surrender any kind of anti-imperialist movements, revolutionary movements and national liberation revolts.
US economy is based on wars. It is still able to survive only by selling weapons, war-related technology, war planes, UAVs and war related material. It would collapse as soon as wars stop. In all the countries where LIC strategy is being implemented, the imperialists are rapidly turning the economic, political, cultural, civic, administrative, legal and military departments and machinery into fascist institutions. As part of this, the ruling classes in our country are forming special police, paramilitary and military forces on a huge scale very rapidly with the evil design of disintegrating the People’s War in our country and the just national liberation movements of Kashmir and North-East and surrendering the people. They are building special intelligence departments at centre and in the states. The entire civic-military departments are being centralized. They are carrying on psychological warfare on a huge scale to divert the people from basic problems and the fundamental revolutionary path of solving them and to push them towards sham development and fake peace. They are using special forces and are carrying on inhuman massacres and destruction in the name of counter-insurgency operations on a severe scale. Psychological warfare is also being carried on as severely. While these are being carried on vastly and severely, internal dictatorship and the control of imperialists are also increasing on the same scale. Due to this the exploitation and oppression of the oppressed nations and masses are also increasing on the same scale. On the other hand, the intensifying world capitalist economic and political crisis is jolting all the spheres in our country. Our country is increasingly going into the hands of the imperialists and degenerating more than ever. Due to the billions of dollars of debts borrowed by the Indian rulers since 1991 from imperialist institutions like IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank, the economy of our country is nearing collapse. Exactly due to this, the economies of countries like Indonesia, Argentina, Uruguay, Mexico and Peru got bogged down in debt crisis and collapsed due to bankruptcy of small and medium industries, unemployment, fall in purchasing power and price rises. This experience is going to be repeated in our country too. In spite of knowing this, the think tanks of imperialists and the comprador rulers of our country are propagating that India is going to become a Super Power by 2030. They are trying to include our country as a junior partner in contention with China. The imperialists are pouring in billions of dollars for the creation of mind control manuals through psychologists to carry on psychological warfare on the people to turn their minds in accordance i.e., to make them believe that a country getting bogged down in crisis would develop into a Super Power. In fact, excepting billionaires and millionaires, common people are all getting severely affected due to severe economic crisis. As a result, all social contradictions along with the major, fundamental and principal contradictions are intensifying. Contrary to the expectations of imperialists and the comprador rulers from the LIC strategy, the People’s War led by our party CPI (Maoist) is developing through ups and downs in a manner that proves that this strategy is bound to be ultimately defeated and that victory of people is inevitable. Though nationality movements are also facing ups and downs, they are also continuously flaring. All this is proving that it is possible to defeat LIC through PPW.
Our party Central Committee discussed in detail about the imperialist LIC strategy and formulated a policy in December 2008 to fight it back and defeat it. We believe that we would be able to defeat it by concentrating and working on ideological, political, economic, cultural and military affairs as mentioned in that policy.
For this sake, we are firm on the matter of our party’s political line and the military strategy that would advance the revolutionary movement in the path of PPW. We are being flexible in the matter of tactics. We are putting efforts to vastly mobilize the oppressed masses in class struggle apart from imparting Marxism-Leninism-Maoism to increase the active role of millions of oppressed masses in People’s War. We are intensifying our fight against reformism, economism, revisionism, Gandhian peace, post-modernism, sham democracy and fake independence that are proving a hurdle to this and taking our understanding into the people.
We are putting efforts to increase and strengthen our mass base. We are adhering firmly to class line and mass line and are putting efforts to politically mobilize the masses and make them participate in PW. We are trying to build a vast anti-imperialist, anti-feudal united front by mobilizing masses of oppressed classes and sections. We are working with the viewpoint of extending PW all over the country by expanding and intensifying guerilla warfare. Our party is trying to fight back through revolutionary propaganda the psychological warfare and foul propaganda carried on a huge scale by the exploiting ruling classes as part of LIC to damage the Maoist People’s War. It is placing before the people the facts about the revolutionary movement from time to time.
武器是战争的重要因素,但不是决定的因素。决定的因素是人,而不是物
你打你的原子弹，我打我的手榴弹
你打你的原子弹，我打我的手榴弹
acmuner兔子 发表于 2013-6-17 16:43 
三哥毛任重道远啊！
三哥毛任重道远啊！
也就是骚扰骚扰，搞的阿三难受而已，成不了气候，除非有大规模外敌入侵。
acmuner兔子 发表于 2013-6-17 16:43
他这个毛派跟中国1毛钱关系没有 天朝官方早澄清过（估计也是乐见其成）
他这个毛派跟中国1毛钱关系没有 天朝官方早澄清过（估计也是乐见其成）
他这个毛派跟中国1毛钱关系没有 天朝官方早澄清过（估计也是乐见其成）
那是尼毛，结果么。。。
那是尼毛，结果么。。。
兔子应该多多插手一些三哥的分裂势力
zwf110 发表于 2013-6-17 17:41
那是尼毛，结果么。。。
我说的这个就是印毛
那是尼毛，结果么。。。
我说的这个就是印毛
朱姆沃尔特 发表于 2013-6-17 17:43
兔子应该多多插手一些三哥的分裂势力
印度分裂的现实可能性比我们大的多
不过我们也顾不上搞那点事
而且从长远看，印度是南亚唯一可以制衡绿教的
兔子应该多多插手一些三哥的分裂势力
印度分裂的现实可能性比我们大的多
不过我们也顾不上搞那点事
而且从长远看，印度是南亚唯一可以制衡绿教的
马踏洋奴 发表于 2013-6-17 17:47
印度分裂的现实可能性比我们大的多
不过我们也顾不上搞那点事
而且从长远看，印度是南亚唯一可以制衡绿 ...
分裂后的印度未必不能和兔子搞好关系
印度分裂的现实可能性比我们大的多
不过我们也顾不上搞那点事
而且从长远看，印度是南亚唯一可以制衡绿 ...
分裂后的印度未必不能和兔子搞好关系
现在一个社会主义国家都没有....唉....革命理想主义早就被糖衣炮弹消灭光了,另外我看这样的武装在困难情况下应该是很有战斗力的 但是一旦取得了一点胜利,之后内部肯定会出现问题,没有毛一样的领导者,想推翻国家机器..基本无望
freemailman 发表于 2013-6-17 17:16
武器是战争的重要因素,但不是决定的因素。决定的因素是人,而不是物
你打你的原子弹，我打我的手榴弹
嗯，希望他们能找到打倒纸老虎的方法吧。
武器是战争的重要因素,但不是决定的因素。决定的因素是人,而不是物
你打你的原子弹，我打我的手榴弹
嗯，希望他们能找到打倒纸老虎的方法吧。
虽然很同情和在情感上理解印度毛派
，但是为了我们自己还是自私一些好了。印度毛派继续奋斗个100年，直到我兔再度君临天下再来拯救吧
，但是为了我们自己还是自私一些好了。印度毛派继续奋斗个100年，直到我兔再度君临天下再来拯救吧印毛也终于装备小米加步枪了，颤抖吧三哥，高达就要来了
中国工厂里造轻武器成本很低的，
偷运一些过去，能把印度搞翻天。
偷运一些过去，能把印度搞翻天。
朱姆沃尔特 发表于 2013-6-17 17:43
兔子应该多多插手一些三哥的分裂势力
插手归插手，别扶植太强的上台……地球上有一个兔子已经够了
兔子应该多多插手一些三哥的分裂势力
插手归插手，别扶植太强的上台……地球上有一个兔子已经够了
大家可以看一下这部关于印度毛派的电影《无法比的战争》，很是不错
打错了，是《无法避免的战争》
我有个问题：毛派连无缝钢管都没有？只要有无缝钢管，很容易就能做出枪来吧？！小巴和阿富汗边境甚至能用做自行车的钢管来造枪。毛派连这都做不出来？
我有个问题：毛派连无缝钢管都没有？只要有无缝钢管，很容易就能做出枪来吧？！小巴和阿富汗边境甚至能用做 ...
打个几十枪精度就和滑膛枪差不多了。还要小心炸膛的风险。枪管必须用专用钢管。其实造地雷和炸弹效果更好。地雷比如是定向雷。
打个几十枪精度就和滑膛枪差不多了。还要小心炸膛的风险。枪管必须用专用钢管。其实造地雷和炸弹效果更好。地雷比如是定向雷。
还是悠着点的好，毛派上台如果搞个五年计划，三哥的将就会消失好多了。CDer喜闻乐见的吐槽点就会消失了，无趣啊
不要让其坐大也不要让其灭亡
lal salam.......
祖国在看 发表于 2013-6-17 22:32
不要让其坐大也不要让其灭亡
搞不起多大风浪的，面对比当年中国还复杂的局面，自己想不出怎样实现马克思主义的印度化，只好翻书去抄马克思主义的中国化，看能不能找到解决办法，结果书上没写。
不要让其坐大也不要让其灭亡
搞不起多大风浪的，面对比当年中国还复杂的局面，自己想不出怎样实现马克思主义的印度化，只好翻书去抄马克思主义的中国化，看能不能找到解决办法，结果书上没写。
鸥盟 发表于 2013-6-17 22:41
搞不起多大风浪的，面对比当年中国还复杂的局面，自己想不出怎样实现马克思主义的印度化，只好翻书去抄马 ...
相反，印度如果这样发展下去，毛派是有极其广阔的空间的
很简单，印度的等级制度，导致底层人数越来越多。印度的经济发展，贫富差距只会越来越扩大化，印度的政治制度缺陷，越来越多希望获得政治权利的中层人受到阻碍。
毛派如果能深入群众，发展打土豪分田地，农村包围城市，再有外来支持，起码偏安一偶不是问题
关键看毛派是不是真正的MZD主义者
搞不起多大风浪的，面对比当年中国还复杂的局面，自己想不出怎样实现马克思主义的印度化，只好翻书去抄马 ...
相反，印度如果这样发展下去，毛派是有极其广阔的空间的
很简单，印度的等级制度，导致底层人数越来越多。印度的经济发展，贫富差距只会越来越扩大化，印度的政治制度缺陷，越来越多希望获得政治权利的中层人受到阻碍。
毛派如果能深入群众，发展打土豪分田地，农村包围城市，再有外来支持，起码偏安一偶不是问题
关键看毛派是不是真正的MZD主义者
这是唯恐天下不乱
swsky 发表于 2013-6-17 22:53
相反，印度如果这样发展下去，毛派是有极其广阔的空间的
很简单，印度的等级制度，导致底层人数越来越 ...
首先照目前的发展趋势来看，是与建立全民族的统一战线这一大杀器所代表的正确方向背道而驰的，领导层人员的成分越来越单一。
消除种姓制影响的解决办法，毛选中真的是没写，印度人自己好像也没想出办法，其实上面那句“领导层人员的成分越来越单一”实际上就是种姓制换了个马甲继续发挥影响力。
我个人认为也就是加强版印度洪秀全的水平——吸收了国外先进理论的本国农民起义领袖，前景堪忧，偏安一隅是没什么问题，但想赤旗席卷南亚次大陆，没个印度版抗战催化一下更大的阶级矛盾，基本没戏。
相反，印度如果这样发展下去，毛派是有极其广阔的空间的
很简单，印度的等级制度，导致底层人数越来越 ...
首先照目前的发展趋势来看，是与建立全民族的统一战线这一大杀器所代表的正确方向背道而驰的，领导层人员的成分越来越单一。
消除种姓制影响的解决办法，毛选中真的是没写，印度人自己好像也没想出办法，其实上面那句“领导层人员的成分越来越单一”实际上就是种姓制换了个马甲继续发挥影响力。
我个人认为也就是加强版印度洪秀全的水平——吸收了国外先进理论的本国农民起义领袖，前景堪忧，偏安一隅是没什么问题，但想赤旗席卷南亚次大陆，没个印度版抗战催化一下更大的阶级矛盾，基本没戏。
鸥盟 发表于 2013-6-17 23:08
首先照目前的发展趋势来看，是与建立全民族的统一战线这一大杀器所代表的正确方向背道而驰的，领导层人员 ...
马克思主义在中国也本地化了
同样不能排除印度有大才把它印度化的可能性
首先照目前的发展趋势来看，是与建立全民族的统一战线这一大杀器所代表的正确方向背道而驰的，领导层人员 ...
马克思主义在中国也本地化了
同样不能排除印度有大才把它印度化的可能性
hehaozhi 发表于 2013-6-17 18:48
中国工厂里造轻武器成本很低的，
偷运一些过去，能把印度搞翻天。
浪费啊
我们当年为了准备与毛熊的全面战争，存下的手榴弹、子弹、枪械多的海了去了，年年还要花钱销毁，直接送毛派就行了。
而且，我们还可以货物出门概不负责
中国工厂里造轻武器成本很低的，
偷运一些过去，能把印度搞翻天。
浪费啊
我们当年为了准备与毛熊的全面战争，存下的手榴弹、子弹、枪械多的海了去了，年年还要花钱销毁，直接送毛派就行了。
而且，我们还可以货物出门概不负责
jin4jin5jin6 发表于 2013-6-17 21:04
还是悠着点的好，毛派上台如果搞个五年计划，三哥的将就会消失好多了。CDer喜闻乐见的吐槽点就会消失了，无 ...
不好意思，A3现在的五年计划已经搞到13五了
还是悠着点的好，毛派上台如果搞个五年计划，三哥的将就会消失好多了。CDer喜闻乐见的吐槽点就会消失了，无 ...
不好意思，A3现在的五年计划已经搞到13五了
可惜就是实力太弱了点啊。
祖国在看 发表于 2013-6-17 23:14
马克思主义在中国也本地化了
同样不能排除印度有大才把它印度化的可能性
就目前的环境来看，没戏
出这样的大才，首先得有一批人，甚至是一大批人在琢磨印度会不会亡国，怎样才能避免亡国，大才得在这批人里出。貌似印度目前没到这个状态。
马克思主义在中国也本地化了
同样不能排除印度有大才把它印度化的可能性
就目前的环境来看，没戏
出这样的大才，首先得有一批人，甚至是一大批人在琢磨印度会不会亡国，怎样才能避免亡国，大才得在这批人里出。貌似印度目前没到这个状态。
就目前的环境来看，没戏
出这样的大才，首先得有一批人，甚至是一大批人在琢磨印度会不会亡国，怎样才能 ...
等印度真到了如此危险地步的时候，可能等不到大才出世印度这个国家就不存在了。
出这样的大才，首先得有一批人，甚至是一大批人在琢磨印度会不会亡国，怎样才能 ...
等印度真到了如此危险地步的时候，可能等不到大才出世印度这个国家就不存在了。
印共毛如何发展经济？如何克服种姓制的深远影响和广泛发动印度麻木的不可接触者？
要知道印度可不像中苏，前者历史上有一波接一波的农民起义，后者被蒙古人植入了战斗基因。
要知道印度可不像中苏，前者历史上有一波接一波的农民起义，后者被蒙古人植入了战斗基因。
兰州拉仇恨吗？